Testing device for simulating water and soil loss of loess slope

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of water and soil loss experimental equipment, particularly relates to a test device for simulating water and soil loss of a loess slope, and provides the test device for simulating water and soil loss of the loess slope aiming at the problems that the operation is complicated, the experimental efficiency is influenced and the experimental environment is easily polluted by sewage in the prior art. A plurality of test plates are arranged, the outer sides of the test plates are respectively provided with a mounting frame, the left ends of the test plates are respectively hinged with the left ends of the mounting frames, the adjacent mounting frames are detachably connected, and the upper sides of the plurality of test plates are provided with water spraying components capable of ascending and descending. And the plurality of test plates are divided into different control groups for comparison test, so that the test effect can be fully improved, experiment scenes at the upper ends of the test plates do not need to be replaced and soil at the upper ends of the test plates do not need to be frequently cleaned in order to test water and soil loss conditions of different slopes, and the test efficiency is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of soil and water loss experimental equipment, specifically relating to a test device for simulating soil and water loss on loess slopes. Background Technology

[0002] The Loess Plateau is one of the regions in China most severely affected by soil erosion, and its soil erosion problem has long been a focus of scientific research and social concern. Soil erosion not only leads to land resource degradation and ecological deterioration but also seriously impacts regional development. The soil in the Loess Plateau is predominantly loess, characterized by its looseness and high permeability, but extremely weak resistance to erosion. Coupled with concentrated, high-intensity, and short-duration rainfall in the region, as well as human activities such as deforestation leading to surface vegetation destruction, the Loess Plateau experiences extremely severe soil erosion under the influence of external forces such as water and wind. Soil erosion is a highly complex process, involving soil properties, slope, and vegetation cover. Both precipitation and soil erosion are related to soil and water loss. In order to study the laws and mechanisms of soil and water loss on loess slopes and explore effective control measures, a series of experiments are needed. At present, when detecting soil and water loss on loess slopes, multiple control groups are generally divided according to different slopes, soil surface without vegetation cover and soil surface with vegetation cover to obtain effective data. However, when conducting experiments on different control groups, it is necessary to constantly replace the soil on the test plate and change the experimental scene. In the process of changing the experimental scene, it is also necessary to clean the wastewater on the test plate. This is not only complicated to operate and affects the experimental efficiency, but the wastewater can also easily pollute the experimental environment. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, this utility model provides a test device for simulating soil erosion on loess slopes, which effectively solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above problems is as follows:

[0005] A simulated soil erosion test device for loess slopes includes test plates, of which multiple test plates are provided. Mounting frames are installed on the outer sides of each test plate, and the left ends of the test plates are hinged to the left ends of the mounting frames. Adjacent mounting frames are detachably connected. A base plate is provided on the lower side of each test plate. An angle adjustment structure is installed between the test plate in the middle position and the base plate, allowing for synchronous angle adjustment of multiple test plates. Control components capable of individually adjusting the angles of the test plates on both sides are installed between them and their corresponding mounting frames. Water spray components capable of being raised and lowered are installed on the upper sides of the multiple test plates.

[0006] Preferably, the water spray component includes a mounting plate, the bottom of which is provided with mounting grooves along its length, the lower end of which is slidably connected to a plurality of mounting sliders, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to a water pipe, and the bottom of which is fixedly connected to and connected to a plurality of evenly distributed nozzles.

[0007] Preferably, a side plate is fixedly connected to the right end of the base plate, and a lifting groove is formed at the upper end of the side plate. A lifting plate is slidably connected to the inner side of the lifting groove. Brake racks are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the side plates on both sides of the lifting groove. A mounting box is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lifting plate. Brake blocks that mesh with the brake racks are slidably connected to the end of the mounting box corresponding to the brake racks. A return spring is fixedly connected between the two brake blocks. A top plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lifting plate, and the other end of the top plate is fixedly connected to the mounting plate.

[0008] Preferably, the angle adjustment structure includes a second hinge rod hinged to the front and rear sides of the upper end of the base plate, the other end of the second hinge rod is respectively hinged to a first hinge rod, the other end of the first hinge rod is hinged to the test plate in the middle position, the upper end of the base plate is slidably connected to a support slider that can move left and right, the upper end of the support slider is hinged to a support rod, the other end of the support rod is hinged to the surface of the second hinge rod, and a screw is threadedly connected to the middle of the support slider, the two ends of the screw are respectively rotatably connected to the base plate.

[0009] Preferably, a first bevel gear is fixedly connected to the right end of the screw, a second bevel gear meshes with the lower side of the first bevel gear, a drive motor is provided on the lower side of the second bevel gear, the drive motor is fixedly connected to the base plate, and the power output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the middle part of the second bevel gear.

[0010] Preferably, the control component includes a worm gear and a worm that mesh with each other. A transmission rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the worm gear. The two ends of the transmission rod are fixedly connected to the test plate, and the hinge points of the transmission rod with the test plate and the mounting frame are coaxial. Mounting brackets are rotatably connected to the surface of the worm. The two ends of the mounting brackets are fixedly connected to the mounting frame. A handle is fixedly connected to the right end of the worm.

[0011] Preferably, the front end of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to a mounting guide rail, and the rear end of the mounting frame is provided with a mounting groove that can be slidably connected to the adjacent mounting guide rail. The corresponding mounting guide rails and mounting grooves of two adjacent mounting frames are slidably connected. The upper ends of the left and right sides of the mounting guide rail are respectively provided with positioning grooves. The upper ends of the left and right sides of the mounting groove are respectively provided with mounting holes. Spring pressure plates are slidably connected inside the mounting holes. The lower ends of the spring pressure plates are respectively fixedly connected with positioning pins, which engage with the corresponding positioning grooves on the lower side. The upper ends of the spring pressure plates are respectively fixedly connected with positioning springs, and the other ends of the positioning springs are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting holes.

[0012] Preferably, the front and rear sides of the left end of the test plate are respectively fixedly connected to guide plates that are inclined inward from the left end.

[0013] This utility model has a novel structure, ingenious design, and is simple and convenient to operate. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0014] 1. When using this device, test plates can be added as needed, and multiple test plates can be divided into different control groups for comparative testing, which can significantly improve the test results. Furthermore, it eliminates the need to change the experimental setting on the top of the test plate or frequently clean the soil on the top of the test plate in order to test different slope soil erosion conditions, thus further improving test efficiency.

[0015] 2. The angles of multiple test plates can be adjusted synchronously according to the actual slope angle, or the angles can be adjusted individually so that the angles of multiple test plates are different, thus facilitating the testing of soil erosion under different slopes. It has multiple functions and can be adjusted according to needs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a first schematic diagram of the overall structure of a test device for simulating soil erosion on a loess slope according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the overall structure of a test device for simulating soil erosion on a loess slope according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment structure of a test device for simulating soil erosion on a loess slope according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the control components of a test device for simulating soil erosion on a loess slope according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a magnified schematic diagram of a partial structure of the control component of a test device for simulating soil erosion on a loess slope, according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate installation structure of a simulated loess slope soil erosion test device according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning pin installation structure of a simulated loess slope soil erosion test device according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the meshing structure of the brake tooth block and brake rack in a test device for simulating soil erosion on a loess slope according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a partial enlarged view of the meshing structure of the brake tooth block and brake rack of a simulated loess slope soil erosion test device according to the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1-Base plate, 2-Side plate, 3-Top plate, 4-Mounting plate, 5-Water pipe, 6-Sprayer head, 7-Test plate, 8-First hinge rod, 9-Second hinge rod, 10-Support rod, 11-Screw rod, 12-Support slider, 13-First bevel gear, 14-Second bevel gear, 15-Drive motor, 16-Mounting frame, 17-Guide plate, 18-Worm gear, 19-Worm wheel, 20-Handle, 21-Mounting groove, 22-Positioning pin, 23-Positioning spring, 24-Spring pressure plate, 25-Mounting guide rail, 26-Positioning groove, 27-Brake rack, 28-Mounting box, 29-Brake block, 31-Reset spring, 32-Outrigger, 33-Lifting plate, 34-Mounting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1-9As shown, this utility model provides a simulated loess slope soil erosion test device, including a test plate 7. The surface of the test plate 7 has a groove structure with an opening at the right end for placing soil. The opening at the right end allows for soil and water flow. Protrusions are provided on the front and rear sides to prevent soil and water from flowing out from the front and rear sides of the test plate 7 and polluting the environment. Multiple test plates 7 are provided. Mounting frames 16 are respectively installed on the outer side of each test plate 7. The left end of each test plate 7 is hinged to the left end of each mounting frame 16. Adjacent mounting frames 16 are detachably connected, facilitating the addition or removal of test plates 7 as needed. Multiple test plates 7 can be used to form different control groups for testing according to testing needs, further improving the testing effect. A base plate 1 is provided on the lower side of the test plate 7. Support legs 32 are fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the bottom left and right ends of the base plate 1 to support the device. An angle adjustment structure is installed between the test plate 7 in the middle position and the base plate 1. The angle adjustment structure can control the synchronous adjustment of the angles of multiple test plates 7, thereby adjusting the angle of the test plate 7 according to the slope, so that the actual... The test is more in line with actual conditions. Control components that can be individually adjusted in angle are installed between the test plates 7 on both sides and the corresponding mounting frames 16. By controlling the angle of the test plates 7 on both sides individually, the soil erosion of the test plates 7 under different slopes can be tested, increasing the diversity of the test. Water spray components that can be raised and lowered are installed on the upper side of multiple test plates 7 to spray water onto the test plates 7, simulating rain conditions, facilitating the testing of soil erosion. When using this device, test plates 7 can be added as needed, and multiple test plates 7 can be divided into different control groups for comparative testing, which can significantly improve the testing effect. It also eliminates the need to change the experimental scene at the top of the test plates 7 and frequently clean the soil at the top of the test plates 7 to test soil erosion on different slopes, further improving testing efficiency. Furthermore, the angles of multiple test plates 7 can be adjusted synchronously according to the actual slope angle, or the angles can be adjusted individually, making the angles of multiple test plates 7 different, thus facilitating the testing of soil erosion under different slopes. It is multifunctional and can be adjusted according to needs.

[0028] The water spray component includes a mounting plate 4. The bottom of the mounting plate 4 is provided with mounting grooves 21 along its length. Multiple mounting sliders are slidably connected to the lower end of the mounting grooves 21. Water pipes 5 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting sliders. Multiple evenly distributed nozzles 6 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the water pipes 5. The water pipes 5 can be connected to a water source and spray water through the nozzles 6. When a test plate 7 is added, the multiple mounting sliders can be controlled to slide outward so that the nozzles 6 can cover the test plate 7 below, which is convenient for conducting tests.

[0029] A side plate 2 is fixedly connected to the right end of the base plate 1. A lifting groove is formed at the upper end of the side plate 2, and a lifting plate 33 is slidably connected to the inner side of the lifting groove. Brake racks 27 are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the side plates 2 on both sides of the lifting groove. A mounting box 28 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lifting plate 33. Brake blocks 29, which mesh with the brake racks 27, are slidably connected to the end of the mounting box 28 corresponding to the brake racks 27. A return spring 31 is fixedly connected between the two brake blocks 29. The return spring 31 pushes the brake blocks 29 on both sides to mesh with the brake racks 27 through its elastic force, preventing the lifting plate 33 from... The lifting plate 33 moves downward under the attraction of gravity, and the surfaces where the brake block 29 and the brake rack 27 mesh are both inclined. When the lifting plate 33 moves vertically by manual control, it can overcome the elasticity of the return spring 31, making it easy for the lifting plate 33 to rise and fall. After the force applied to the lifting plate 33 stops, the brake block 29 can re-engage with the brake rack 27 under the push of the return spring 31, thus braking the lifting plate 33. A top plate 3 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lifting plate 33, and the other end of the top plate 3 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 4. When the lifting plate 33 rises and falls, it can drive the nozzle 6 to rise and fall, making it easy to adjust the height of the nozzle 6 according to the height of the test plate 7.

[0030] The angle adjustment structure includes a second hinge rod 9 hinged to the front and rear sides of the upper end of the base plate 1. The other end of the second hinge rod 9 is hinged to a first hinge rod 8. The other end of the first hinge rod 8 is hinged to the test plate 7 in the middle position. A support slider 12 that can move left and right is slidably connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. A support rod 10 is hinged to the upper end of the support slider 12. The other end of the support rod 10 is hinged to the surface of the second hinge rod 9. A screw 11 is threadedly connected to the middle of the support slider 12. The two ends of the screw 11 are rotatably connected to the base plate 1. In use, the angle of the test plate 7 can be controlled by rotating the screw 11. When the screw 11 rotates, it can drive the support slider 12 to move axially through the threaded connection with the support slider 12. When the support slider 12 moves, it can drive the first hinge rod 8 to swing under the push of the support rod 10. When the first hinge rod 8 swings, it can drive the test plate 7 to swing through the transmission of the second hinge rod 9, thereby realizing the adjustment of the angle of the test plate 7.

[0031] Furthermore, to facilitate the control of the screw 11 rotation, a first bevel gear 13 is fixedly connected to the right end of the screw 11. A second bevel gear 14 meshes with the lower side of the first bevel gear 13. A drive motor 15 is provided on the lower side of the second bevel gear 14. The drive motor 15 is fixedly connected to the base plate 1. The power output end of the drive motor 15 is fixedly connected to the middle of the second bevel gear 14. When the drive motor 15 rotates, the screw 11 can be driven to rotate through the meshing transmission of the first bevel gear 13 and the second bevel gear 14, which is convenient for the user to operate.

[0032] Furthermore, to facilitate user control of the angle of the test plate 7 except in the middle position, the control component includes a meshing worm gear 19 and a worm 18. A transmission rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the worm gear 19. The two ends of the transmission rod are fixedly connected to the test plate 7, and the hinge points of the transmission rod with the test plate 7 and the mounting frame 16 are coaxial. Mounting brackets 34 are rotatably connected to the surface of the worm 18. The two ends of the mounting brackets 34 are fixedly connected to the mounting frame 16. A handle 20 is fixedly connected to the right end of the worm 18. By rotating the handle 20, the worm 18 can be rotated. When the worm 18 rotates, it can drive the transmission rod to rotate through meshing with the worm gear 19. In turn, the transmission rod drives the test plate 7 to swing, thereby adjusting the angle of the test plates 7 on both sides.

[0033] The front end of each mounting frame 16 is fixedly connected to a mounting guide rail 25. The rear end of each mounting frame 16 has a mounting groove 21 that slidably connects to the adjacent mounting guide rail 25. The corresponding mounting guide rails 25 and mounting grooves 21 of two adjacent mounting frames 16 are slidably connected. The mounting grooves 21 have openings at both ends to facilitate the connection between the mounting guide rails 25 and the mounting grooves 21, thus facilitating the docking of the two mounting frames 16. Positioning grooves 26 are respectively opened on the upper ends of the left and right sides of the mounting guide rails 25. Mounting holes are respectively opened on the upper sides of the left and right ends of the mounting grooves 21. Spring pressure plates 24 are slidably connected inside the mounting holes. Positioning pins 22 are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the spring pressure plates 24, and the positioning pins 22 engage with the corresponding positioning grooves 26 on the lower side. Positioning springs 23 are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the spring pressure plates 24, and the other ends of the positioning springs 23 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the mounting holes. When the two mounting frames 16 are docked, the positioning pins... The spring plate 24 is pressed against the surface of the mounting guide rail 25 and moves towards the positioning spring 23, squeezing the positioning spring 23. After the two mounting frames 16 are connected, the positioning pin 22 corresponds to the positioning groove 26. The spring plate 24 moves downward under the push of the positioning spring 23, and drives the positioning pin 22 to move downward and engage with the positioning groove 26, completing the connection between the two mounting frames 16. Under the push of the positioning spring 23, the positioning pin 22 engages with the positioning groove 26, which can brake the connected mounting frames 16 to prevent them from sliding and misaligning during the angle adjustment process, affecting the test process. Furthermore, for the convenience of testing, the front and rear sides of the left end of the test plate 7 are respectively fixedly connected with guide plates 17 that are inclined inward on the left end. When conducting the soil erosion test, the guide plates 17 can collect the lost soil and water to the middle position for flow, making it convenient for users to collect the lost soil and water, and avoiding the scattering of sewage due to water flow impact, which would affect the experimental environment.

[0034] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative examples illustrating the spirit of this utility model. Those skilled in the art to which this utility model pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to replace them, without departing from the spirit of this utility model or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating soil erosion on loess slopes, comprising a test plate (7), characterized in that: Multiple test plates (7) are provided. Mounting frames (16) are installed on the outer side of each test plate (7). The left end of each test plate (7) is hinged to the left end of the mounting frame (16). The adjacent mounting frames (16) are detachably connected. A base plate (1) is provided on the lower side of each test plate (7). An angle adjustment structure is installed between the test plate (7) in the middle position and the base plate (1). The angle adjustment structure can control the synchronous adjustment of the angle of multiple test plates (7). Control components that can adjust the angle individually are installed between the test plates (7) on both sides and the corresponding mounting frames (16). Water spray components that can be raised and lowered are installed on the upper side of multiple test plates (7).

2. The experimental device for simulating soil erosion on loess slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The water spray component includes a mounting plate (4), and mounting grooves (21) are respectively opened along the length direction at the bottom of the mounting plate (4). Multiple mounting sliders are slidably connected to the lower end of the mounting grooves (21). Water pipes (5) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting sliders. Multiple evenly distributed nozzles (6) are fixedly connected and connected to the bottom of the water pipes (5).

3. The experimental device for simulating soil erosion on loess slopes as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A side plate (2) is fixedly connected to the right end of the base plate (1). A lifting groove is opened downward at the upper end of the side plate (2). A lifting plate (33) is slidably connected to the inner side of the lifting groove. Brake racks (27) are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the side plates (2) on both sides of the lifting groove. A mounting box (28) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the surface of the lifting plate (33). A brake block (29) that meshes with the brake rack (27) is slidably connected to one end of the mounting box (28) corresponding to the brake rack (27). A return spring (31) is fixedly connected between the two brake blocks (29). A top plate (3) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lifting plate (33). The other end of the top plate (3) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (4).

4. The experimental device for simulating soil erosion on loess slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adjustment structure includes a second hinge rod (9) hinged to the front and rear sides of the upper end of the base plate (1). The other end of the second hinge rod (9) is respectively hinged to a first hinge rod (8). The other end of the first hinge rod (8) is hinged to the test plate (7) in the middle position. The upper end of the base plate (1) is slidably connected to a support slider (12) that can move left and right. The upper end of the support slider (12) is hinged to a support rod (10). The other end of the support rod (10) is hinged to the surface of the second hinge rod (9). The middle part of the support slider (12) is threadedly connected to a screw (11). The two ends of the screw (11) are respectively rotatably connected to the base plate (1).

5. The experimental device for simulating soil erosion on loess slopes as described in claim 4, characterized in that: A first bevel gear (13) is fixedly connected to the right end of the screw (11). A second bevel gear (14) meshes with the lower side of the first bevel gear (13). A drive motor (15) is provided on the lower side of the second bevel gear (14). The drive motor (15) is fixedly connected to the base plate (1). The power output end of the drive motor (15) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the second bevel gear (14).

6. The experimental device for simulating soil erosion on loess slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The control component includes a worm gear (19) and a worm (18) that mesh with each other. A transmission rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the worm gear (19). The two ends of the transmission rod are fixedly connected to the test plate (7) and the hinge points of the transmission rod with the test plate (7) and the mounting frame (16) are coaxial. The surface of the worm (18) is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket (34). The two ends of the mounting bracket (34) are fixedly connected to the mounting frame (16). A handle (20) is fixedly connected to the right end of the worm (18).

7. The experimental device for simulating soil erosion on loess slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the mounting frame (16) is fixedly connected to the mounting guide rail (25), and the rear end of the mounting frame (16) is provided with a mounting groove (21) that can be slidably connected to the adjacent mounting guide rail (25). The corresponding mounting guide rail (25) and mounting groove (21) of the two adjacent mounting frames (16) are slidably connected. The upper ends of the left and right sides of the mounting guide rail (25) are respectively provided with positioning grooves (26). The upper ends of the left and right sides of the mounting groove (21) are respectively provided with mounting holes. The inside of the mounting hole is slidably connected to a spring pressure plate (24). The lower end of the spring pressure plate (24) is fixedly connected to a positioning pin (22). The positioning pin (22) engages with the corresponding positioning groove (26) on the lower side. The upper end of the spring pressure plate (24) is fixedly connected to a positioning spring (23). The other end of the positioning spring (23) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting hole.

8. The experimental device for simulating soil erosion on loess slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The test plate (7) has guide plates (17) that are inclined inwards on the left side on both the front and back sides of the left end.

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