Compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit

Abstract

The utility model provides a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit, which comprises a sensor configuration circuit, a differential amplification circuit, a signal conversion circuit, a control processor and a digital isolator, and is characterized in that the digital isolator is respectively connected with the sensor configuration circuit and the control processor; the differential amplification circuit is respectively connected with the sensor configuration circuit and the signal conversion circuit, the control processor is also connected with the signal conversion circuit, and the sensor configuration circuit is connected with different types of instability sensors. By introducing the digital isolator and the sensor configuration circuit, a voltage signal and a current signal can be selected, so that compatibility with different types of sensors is realized, and when a vehicle is provided with a current type instability sensor and a voltage type instability sensor at the same time, the stability of the vehicle is improved. And instability early warning and alarming functions during transverse instability of the bogie can also be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of sensor signal acquisition technology, and in particular to a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit. Background Technology

[0002] In existing rail transit vehicle instability detection systems, the instability detection device utilizes a sensor signal acquisition circuit to collect signals from the instability sensor. The output signals of the rail transit vehicle instability sensor are mainly current-type and voltage-type. The sensor signal acquisition circuit of the instability detection device generally consists of a sensor power supply circuit, a current-to-voltage conversion circuit, a differential amplifier circuit, a filter circuit, and a signal conversion circuit.

[0003] However, because this sensor signal acquisition circuit lacks signal selection functionality, it is incompatible with different types of instability sensors. This means that when a vehicle is equipped with both current-type and voltage-type instability sensors, it cannot provide instability warnings and alarms for bogie lateral instability. Furthermore, when a vehicle is equipped with both current-type and voltage-type instability sensors, multiple differential amplifier circuits and signal conversion circuits are required. Since the instability warning and alarm diagnostic logic differs between vehicles, this makes multi-vehicle comparative analysis of instability states significantly difficult. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit to solve at least one of the problems mentioned above.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following solution:

[0006] This application provides a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit, including: a sensor configuration circuit, a differential amplifier circuit, a signal conversion circuit, a control processor, and a digital isolator. The digital isolator is connected to the sensor configuration circuit and the control processor respectively. The differential amplifier circuit is connected to the sensor configuration circuit and the signal conversion circuit respectively. The control processor is also connected to the signal conversion circuit. The sensor configuration circuit is connected to different types of unstable sensors.

[0007] As an embodiment of this utility model, the above-mentioned different types of unstable sensors include voltage-type unstable sensors and current-type unstable sensors.

[0008] As an embodiment of this utility model, the above-mentioned digital isolator is selected from any one of an optocoupler, a capacitive coupler, or an inductive coupler.

[0009] As an embodiment of this utility model, when the digital isolator is an optocoupler, the digital isolator includes a light-emitting diode and a phototransistor, the light-emitting diode and the phototransistor are connected in series, the other end of the light-emitting diode is connected to the control processor, and the other end of the phototransistor is connected to the sensor configuration circuit.

[0010] As one embodiment of this utility model, the above-mentioned sensor configuration circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a field-effect transistor, wherein:

[0011] The first end of the first resistor is connected to a different type of unstable sensor, and the second end is connected to the drain of the field-effect transistor.

[0012] The first end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the first resistor, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the third resistor and the signal input terminal of the differential amplifier circuit.

[0013] The second terminal of the third resistor is grounded;

[0014] The source of the field-effect transistor is grounded, and the gate of the field-effect transistor is connected to the output of the digital isolator.

[0015] As one embodiment of the present invention, a surge protector is also included, which is connected to the output terminal of the instability sensor.

[0016] As an embodiment of this utility model, the surge protector is selected from one or more of the following devices: TVS diode, varistor, and gas discharge tube.

[0017] As an embodiment of this utility model, the above-mentioned differential amplifier circuit uses an operational amplifier chip of model AD8606.

[0018] As one embodiment of this utility model, the above-mentioned signal conversion circuit is an analog-to-digital converter.

[0019] As one embodiment of this utility model, the control processor is selected from any one of a microcontroller, an embedded processor, an FPGA, or a PLC.

[0020] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this application provides a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit. By introducing a digital isolator and a sensor configuration circuit, voltage and current signals can be selected, thus achieving compatibility with different types of sensors. Consequently, when a vehicle is equipped with both current-type and voltage-type instability sensors, it can also realize instability warning and alarm functions for bogie lateral instability. Moreover, due to the implementation of sensor signal selection, this application can share differential amplifier circuits and signal conversion circuits, thereby facilitating a unified diagnostic algorithm and solving the problem of difficult multi-vehicle comparative analysis of instability states of different types of instability sensors. Finally, this application uses field-effect transistors (FETs) to achieve signal selection. FETs offer reliable switching selection, simple structure, low cost, and high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor configuration circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the differential amplifier circuit provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments of this utility model and their descriptions are used to explain this utility model, but are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0027] As indicated in this application and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" are not specifically singular and may include plural forms. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0028] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0029] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0030] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0031] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, these terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. In addition, although the terminology used in this application is selected from commonly known and used terms, some terms mentioned in this application's specification may have been chosen by the applicant according to his or her judgment, and their detailed meanings are explained in the relevant sections of this description. Moreover, this application should be understood not only through the actual terms used, but also through the meaning implied by each term.

[0032] It should be understood that when a component is referred to as "on another component," "connected to another component," "coupled to another component," or "in contact with another component," it can be directly on, connected to, coupled to, or in contact with that other component, or there may be an intervening component. In contrast, when a component is referred to as "directly on another component," "directly connected to," "directly coupled to," or "directly in contact with" another component, there is no intervening component. Similarly, when a first component is referred to as "electrically contacting" or "electrically coupled to" a second component, there is an electrical path between the first and second components that allows current to flow. This electrical path may include capacitors, coupled inductors, and / or other components that allow current to flow, even if there is no direct contact between the conductive components.

[0033] To address the problem that existing sensor signal acquisition circuits lack signal selection functionality and are therefore incompatible with different types of unstable sensors, this application provides a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit. This circuit adds a signal selection function to the traditional sensor signal acquisition circuit, enabling it to simultaneously accommodate both voltage-type and current-type unstable sensors. Specifically, this application adds a digital isolator and a sensor configuration circuit to the traditional sensor signal acquisition circuit, allowing for the selection of current and voltage signals. However, the signal selection method itself is existing technology. That is, the specific coordination between the control processor, digital isolator, and sensor configuration circuit to achieve signal selection is also existing technology. For example, many test and measurement instruments also need to acquire different types of signals, such as voltage, current, and frequency, and use similar signal selection circuits to ensure compatibility with different signal types. However, there is currently no similar application in rail transit vehicle instability detection systems.

[0034] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. It includes: a sensor configuration circuit 1, a differential amplifier circuit 2, a signal conversion circuit 3, a control processor 4, and a digital isolator 5. The digital isolator 5 is connected to the sensor configuration circuit 1 and the control processor 4, respectively. The differential amplifier circuit 2 is connected to the sensor configuration circuit 1 and the signal conversion circuit 3, respectively. The control processor 4 is also connected to the signal conversion circuit 3. The sensor configuration circuit 1 is connected to different types of unstable sensors.

[0035] Preferably, in this embodiment, the different types of unstable sensors include voltage-type unstable sensors and current-type unstable sensors, wherein the voltage-type unstable sensor outputs a voltage signal, while the current-type unstable sensor outputs a current signal.

[0036] Preferably, the digital isolator 5 is selected from any one of an optocoupler, a capacitive coupler, or an inductive coupler. Its main function is to receive the digital output signal of the control processor 4 and convert it into a sensor selection signal, which is then sent to the sensor configuration circuit 1. More preferably, the sensor selection signal can be a high-level signal or a low-level signal. When the digital isolator 5 receives a high-level signal from the control processor 4, it generates a current-type sensor selection signal (also a high-level signal). When the digital isolator 5 receives a low-level signal from the control processor 4, it generates a voltage-type sensor selection signal (also a low-level signal). Due to the presence of the digital isolator 5, the sensor circuit and the control processing unit can be effectively isolated, preventing damage to the control processor 4. This is because the sensor and its related circuits may be subject to external environmental interference or surge voltage, which could damage the control processor 4. Furthermore, the sensor and the control processor 4 may have different ground potentials. Direct connection between them may form a ground loop, introducing interference and affecting signal accuracy. The digital isolator 5 can cut off the ground loop, avoiding this interference. Finally, the addition of digital isolator 5 can also prevent noise or interference in the sensor circuit from coupling to the control processor 4, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire system.

[0037] Preferably, when the digital isolator 5 is an optocoupler, the digital isolator includes a light-emitting diode (LED) and a phototransistor. The first segment of the LED and the first terminal of the phototransistor are connected in series. The second terminal of the LED is connected to the control processor 4, and the second terminal of the phototransistor is connected to the sensor configuration circuit 1. Thus, when the input signal is high, the LED emits light, and the phototransistor conducts; when the input signal is low, the LED is off, and the phototransistor is off. The conduction state of the phototransistor determines the high or low level of the output signal, which can be pulled up or down to the desired level by an external resistor. More preferably, a current-limiting resistor can also be connected in series between the control processor 4 and the LED to limit the current flowing through the LED and protect it from overcurrent damage.

[0038] Preferred, such as Figure 2 As shown, the sensor configuration circuit 1 may include a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and a field-effect transistor Q1, wherein:

[0039] The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to a different type of unstable sensor, and the second end is connected to the drain of the field-effect transistor Q1.

[0040] The first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first end of the first resistor R1, and the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first end of the third resistor R3 and the signal input terminal of the differential amplifier circuit 2.

[0041] The second terminal of the third resistor R3 is grounded.

[0042] The source of the field-effect transistor Q1 is grounded, and the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1 is connected to the output of the digital isolator 5.

[0043] The above-described structure of the sensor configuration circuit 1 enables it to select the sensor based on the sensor selection signal (high and low level signal) input to the digital isolator 5.

[0044] (1) Selection of current-type sensors:

[0045] When the control processor 4 sends a high-level signal to the digital isolator 5, the digital isolator 5 outputs a high-level signal to drive the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1. This turns on the field-effect transistor Q1, and its drain is pulled low to near ground potential. Since the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the drain of the field-effect transistor Q1, the voltage across the first resistor R1 is close to zero, which is equivalent to being short-circuited.

[0046] At this point, the output current of the current-mode unstable sensor flows directly to ground through the MOSFET, generating a voltage drop (albeit a small one) proportional to the current across the first resistor R1. This voltage drop is then divided by the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 before being fed into the differential amplifier circuit 2. Therefore, when the MOSFET Q1 is turned on, the circuit is configured in current-mode sensor input mode.

[0047] (2) Selection of voltage-type sensors:

[0048] When the control processor 4 sends a low-level signal to the digital isolator 5, the digital isolator 5 outputs a low-level signal to the gate of the field-effect transistor Q1. This turns off the field-effect transistor Q1, and at this time, the other end of the first resistor R1 (connected to the drain of the field-effect transistor Q1) is left floating.

[0049] The output voltage of the voltage-type unstable sensor is directly applied between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and after voltage division, it is sent to the differential amplifier circuit 2. Because the field-effect transistor Q1 is turned off, no current flows through it, so it does not affect the output of the voltage-type unstable sensor. Therefore, when the field-effect transistor Q1 is turned off, the circuit is configured in voltage-type sensor input mode.

[0050] As can be seen from the above, the structure of the sensor configuration circuit 1 and its connection with other circuits in this application determine that it can realize the selection of sensor voltage and current signals, thereby achieving the purpose of compatibility with different sensors.

[0051] Preferred, such as Figure 3As shown, the compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit of this embodiment also includes a surge protector 6. This surge protector 6 is connected to the input terminal of the external unstable sensor signal, and its function is to protect the acquisition circuit from damage caused by external surge voltages. Surge voltage refers to a short-lived peak voltage in a circuit, which may be caused by lightning strikes, power fluctuations, or other electrical interference. Surge voltages may damage the acquisition device or affect its measurement accuracy. The surge protector can absorb or suppress these surge voltages, thereby protecting the acquisition circuit and ensuring the reliable operation of the system.

[0052] More preferably, the surge protector 6 can be selected from a combination of one or more devices such as TVS diode, varistor, and gas discharge tube. That is, the surge protector 6 can be selected from any one of TVS diode, varistor, and gas discharge tube, or it can be implemented in a form similar to a combination of TVS diode and gas discharge tube.

[0053] Preferably, the differential amplifier circuit 2 uses an AD8606 operational amplifier chip, the circuit structure of which can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 4 As shown, IN+ and IN- are differential input signals, and OUT is the output signal. By selecting appropriate resistor values, the circuit's gain and common-mode rejection ratio can be set.

[0054] Of course, in addition to various operational amplifier chips, instrumentation amplifiers or differential amplifier circuits built with discrete transistors can also be used. In practical applications, filter capacitors can be added to suppress noise, or protection circuits can be added to prevent overvoltage or overcurrent.

[0055] Preferably, the signal conversion circuit 3 is an analog-to-digital converter, which is used to convert the sensor analog signal into a sensor digital signal, and at the same time output the sensor digital signal to the control processor 4.

[0056] Preferably, the control processor 4 is selected from any one of a microcontroller, an embedded processor, an FPGA, or a PLC.

[0057] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this application provides a compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit. By introducing a digital isolator and a sensor configuration circuit, voltage and current signals can be selected, thus achieving compatibility with different types of sensors. Consequently, when a vehicle is equipped with both current-type and voltage-type instability sensors, it can also realize instability warning and alarm functions for bogie lateral instability. Moreover, this application can share differential amplifier circuits and signal conversion circuits, thereby facilitating a unified diagnostic algorithm and solving the problem of difficult multi-vehicle comparative analysis of instability states of different types of instability sensors. Finally, this application uses field-effect transistors (FETs) to achieve signal selection. FETs offer reliable switching selection, simple structure, low cost, and high reliability.

[0058] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the modular intelligent construction platform provided by this application can realize functions such as automatic transportation, positioning, fixing, translation, and flipping of integrated panels, meeting the needs of multi-process operations, reducing the labor intensity of personnel, and eliminating the need for manual handling and flipping of integrated panels during operation, thus reducing safety risks such as bumps and injuries. The process has been changed from dispersed to centralized, optimizing tool placement, reducing a series of unnecessary actions, and improving work efficiency. In addition, this application can provide material guidance, step guidance, and tool guidance for integrated panel assembly, which not only plays a role in preventing errors and mistakes but also improves the quality of the final product.

[0059] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit, characterized in that, include: The system includes a sensor configuration circuit, a differential amplifier circuit, a signal conversion circuit, a control processor, and a digital isolator. The digital isolator is connected to both the sensor configuration circuit and the control processor. The differential amplifier circuit is connected to both the sensor configuration circuit and the signal conversion circuit. The control processor is also connected to the signal conversion circuit. The sensor configuration circuit is connected to different types of unstable sensors.

2. The compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The different types of unstable sensors include voltage-type unstable sensors and current-type unstable sensors.

3. The compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The digital isolator is selected from any one of an optocoupler, a capacitive coupler, or an inductive coupler.

4. The compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, When the digital isolator is an optocoupler, the digital isolator includes a light-emitting diode (LED) and a phototransistor. The LED and the phototransistor are connected in series. The other end of the LED is connected to the control processor, and the other end of the phototransistor is connected to the sensor configuration circuit.

5. The compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor configuration circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a field-effect transistor, wherein: The first end of the first resistor is connected to a different type of unstable sensor, and the second end is connected to the drain of the field-effect transistor. The first end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the first resistor, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the third resistor and the signal input terminal of the differential amplifier circuit. The second terminal of the third resistor is grounded; The source of the field-effect transistor is grounded, and the gate of the field-effect transistor is connected to the output of the digital isolator.

6. The compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a surge protector connected to the output of the instability sensor.

7. The compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The surge protector is selected from one or more of the following devices: TVS diode, varistor, and gas discharge tube.

8. The compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The differential amplifier circuit uses an operational amplifier chip of model AD8606.

9. The compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal conversion circuit is an analog-to-digital converter.

10. The compatible sensor signal acquisition circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control processor is selected from any one of a microcontroller, embedded processor, FPGA, or PLC.

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