Broach mechanism, main shaft and machine tool
By using a threaded connection between the pull rod and the claw, and a ball spring structure, the problems of non-disassembly and poor stability of existing puller mechanisms are solved. This achieves adjustable claws and convenient maintenance, improving the user experience of the spindle.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423169010.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-05
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-20
AI Technical Summary
The existing broaching mechanism's structural limitations prevent the spindle from disassembling the broaches independently. The ball bearing broach structure cannot be disassembled independently, and the tool ejection amount needs to be mismatched, affecting customer experience and causing poor spindle stability.
The threaded connection of the pull rod and pull claw design forms a detachable pull rod assembly. The amount of cutting tool can be adjusted by adjusting the shims, and the ball and spring structure is used to achieve stable clamping and detachment of the tool holder.
This design achieves adjustable and maintainable drawbars, solves the problem of mismatched feed rate, and improves spindle stability and ease of maintenance.
Smart Images
Figure CN223629597U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the spindle field, in particular to a broach mechanism, spindle and machine tool. BACKGROUND
[0002] The numerical control machining center machine tool is a kind of by mechanical equipment and numerical control system supporting integration, mainly used for industrial manufacturing processing, widely used in aerospace, ship, automobile, mould, communication and other industry field parts processing.
[0003] The spindle is the core functional component of processing machine tool, which is composed of multiple functional components, wherein the broach mechanism is used for connecting the tool shank on the spindle, and the broach mechanism is the comprehensive embodiment of the overall performance of the spindle. During the first installation debugging or long-term use of the machine tool spindle, the puller claw may need to be disassembled, and due to the structural limitation of the existing broach mechanism, the steel ball puller claw structure and the pull rod need to be made into an integral, so that the spindle cannot be disassembled alone, and the steel ball puller claw structure cannot be disassembled alone, resulting in that the customer needs to match the amount of top knife, or the fault or regular maintenance during long-term use, which can only be disassembled and returned, causing very bad customer experience.
[0004] In addition, the broach mechanism is made into a component and is separately installed in the spindle, but during the assembly process, the upper and lower ends of the spring will appear outward phenomenon due to the pre-tightening force, resulting in that the assembly gap is not large, and the stability of the spindle is poor. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT
[0005] The utility model aims at least to solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a broach mechanism, a spindle and a machine tool.
[0006] The utility model solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme:
[0007] In the first aspect, a broach mechanism includes a shaft core and a pull rod assembly, the shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole, the pull rod assembly is arranged in the shaft core inner hole, the pull rod assembly includes a pull rod, a puller claw and an adjusting gasket, the puller claw is threadedly connected to the end of the pull rod, the adjusting gasket is arranged between the pull rod and the puller claw in the axial direction, the puller claw is provided with a tool shank connecting hole at one end away from the pull rod, the puller claw is provided with a plurality of ball mounting holes in the hole wall of the tool shank connecting hole, the plurality of ball mounting holes are distributed along the circumferential direction of the tool shank connecting hole, and the ball mounting hole is provided with a ball for clamping the tool shank.
[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the puller claw is provided with a pull rod connecting hole extending in the axial direction, and the pull rod is threadedly connected to the pull rod connecting hole.
[0009] In some implementation forms of the first aspect, in combination with the above implementation forms, the adjusting washer is arranged between the bottom of the pull rod connecting hole and the pull rod.
[0010] In some implementation forms of the first aspect, in combination with the above implementation forms, the shaft core is provided with a taper hole for assembling a tool shank at the front end of the shaft core inner hole.
[0011] In some implementation forms of the first aspect, in combination with the above implementation forms, the ball mounting hole is a through hole penetrating the hole wall of the tool shank connecting hole, and the shaft core inner hole is provided with a clearance groove at the rear side of the tool shank taper hole, which matches the ball in the tool shank connecting hole.
[0012] In some implementation forms of the first aspect, in combination with the above implementation forms, an annular cavity extending in the axial direction is formed between the outer wall surface of the pull rod and the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole, the annular cavity is located at the rear of the pull claw, and the pull rod assembly further comprises a spring, the spring is arranged in the annular cavity, one end of the spring abuts against the shaft core, and the other end of the spring abuts against the pull rod.
[0013] In some implementation forms of the first aspect, in combination with the above implementation forms, the pull rod is provided with a first axial surface at one end of the annular cavity, the shaft core inner hole is provided with a pad at the other end of the annular cavity, one end of the spring abuts against the pad, and the other end of the spring abuts against the first axial surface.
[0014] In some implementation forms of the first aspect, in combination with the above implementation forms, the outer circular surface of the spring matches the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole, and the inner circular surface of the spring matches the outer wall surface of the pull rod.
[0015] The second aspect discloses a main shaft comprising the drawbar mechanism in any implementation form of the first aspect.
[0016] The third aspect discloses a machine tool comprising the main shaft in any implementation form of the second aspect.
[0017] The technical scheme has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: in the technical scheme, the pull rod and the pull claw of the drawbar mechanism are connected through threads to form a detachable pull rod assembly, which can effectively solve the problems of poor adjustment and maintenance, and when the top tool amount is found to be different on site, the pull claw can be disassembled on site to add or reduce the adjusting washer, and in the past, such a situation could only be solved by disassembling the machine and returning the goods. During the use of the machine tool, the pull claw fails or needs to be cleaned and maintained regularly, and the pull claw can be disassembled for replacement or cleaning. The tool changing drawbar mechanism is mainly used for high-precision numerical control machining center machine tool equipment main shafts, and is a main functional component of the main shaft. Through structural optimization design, the adjustability and maintainability of the main shaft pull claw are improved.
[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be partially given in the following description, and partially will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, or can be learned by the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0020] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] This part will describe the specific embodiments of the present application in detail, and the preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, and the role of the drawings is to supplement the description of the text part with figures, so that people can intuitively and visually understand each technical feature and the overall technical scheme of the present application, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.
[0022] In the present application, if the direction (up, down, left, right, front and back) is described, it is only for the convenience of describing the technical scheme of the present application, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the indicated technical features must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.
[0023] In the present application, the meaning of "several" is one or more, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, and "greater than", "less than", "more than" and the like are not included in the number; "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the number. In the description of the present application, if "first" and "second" are described, they are only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or the order of indicated technical features.
[0024] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words "set", "install", "connect" and the like should be broadly understood, for example, they can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be fixedly connected, or can be detachably connected, or can be integrally formed; can be mechanically connected, or can be electrically connected or capable of communicating with each other; can be the communication or interaction relationship between two elements. The skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical scheme.
[0025] Reference Figure 1The utility model discloses an embodiment provides a broach mechanism, including axle core 100 and pull rod subassembly, axle core 100 is equipped with axle core inner hole 101, and axle core inner hole 101 is along the axial through axle core 100, and pull rod subassembly sets up in axle core inner hole 101, and pull rod subassembly includes pull rod 201, pull claw 202 and adjusting washer 203, and pull claw 202 is screwed on pull rod 201 end, and pull claw 202 is used for clamping handle 300, and adjusting washer 203 is along the axial setting between pull rod 201 and pull claw 202, and adjusting washer 203 is used for adjusting the top knife amount, and pull claw 202 is equipped with handle connecting hole 204 in the end away from pull rod 201, and pull claw 202 is equipped with a plurality of ball mounting holes in the hole wall of handle connecting hole 204, and a plurality of ball mounting holes are along the circumferential distribution of handle connecting hole 204, and ball mounting hole is equipped with the ball 205 for the clamping handle 300.
[0026] In combination Figure 1 When needing to unload the knife, i.e. needing to take down the handle from the axle core 100, the pull rod 201 is driven by the power components such as oil cylinder, air cylinder to move downward along the axle core inner hole 101, the pull rod 201 drives the pull claw 202 to move downward, the ball 205 cooperates with the inner wall surface of the axle core inner hole 101 and moves outward along the radial direction of the ball mounting hole, the handle 300 is pulled downward, and the ball 205 is separated from the handle 300 in the handle connecting hole 204. When needing to pull the knife, i.e. needing to pull the handle 300 tightly through the pull rod subassembly, the handle 300 is loaded into the handle connecting hole 204 of the pull claw 202 along the axial direction, the pull rod 201 is driven by the spring or oil cylinder, air cylinder to move upward along the axle core inner hole 101, the pull rod 201 drives the pull claw 202 to move upward, the ball 205 cooperates with the inner wall surface of the axle core inner hole 101 and moves inward along the radial direction of the ball mounting hole, and finally the handle 300 is clamped and pulled tightly.
[0027] In combination Figure 1 In the technical scheme of the utility model, the pull rod 201 and the pull claw 202 of the broach mechanism are connected through threads, forming a detachable pull rod subassembly, which can effectively solve the problem of poor adjustment and maintenance, and when the top knife amount is found to be different on site, the pull claw 202 can be disassembled on site to increase or decrease the adjusting washer 203, so that the machine can be returned for refund in the past. During the use of the machine tool, the pull claw 202 fails or needs regular cleaning and maintenance, and the pull claw 202 can be disassembled for replacement or cleaning. The broach mechanism is mainly used for the main shaft of high-precision numerical control machining center machine tool equipment, and is a main functional component of the main shaft. Through the structural optimization design, the adjustability and maintainability of the pull claw 202 of the main shaft are improved.
[0028] The thread connection between the puller claw 202 and the puller rod 201 can be achieved by setting external threads on the puller claw 202 and internal threads on the puller rod 201, or by setting internal threads on the puller claw 202 and external threads on the puller rod 201. In some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , the puller claw 202 is provided with a puller rod connecting hole 206 extending in the axial direction, the puller rod connecting hole 206 is provided with internal threads, and the end of the puller rod 201 is provided with external threads. In this embodiment, the puller rod 201 is threadedly connected to the puller rod connecting hole 206 through the thread connection between the puller rod 201 and the puller claw 202, which facilitates the disassembly of the puller claw 202 and the puller rod 201. When it is found in the field that the amount of the top knife differs, the puller claw 202 can be disassembled in the field to increase or decrease the adjusting washer 203.
[0029] Further, referring to Figure 1 , the adjusting washer 203 is arranged between the bottom of the puller rod connecting hole 206 and the puller rod 201, the adjusting washer 203 is clamped in the axial direction by the puller rod 201 and the puller claw 202, the outer periphery of the adjusting washer 203 is limited by the inner wall of the puller rod connecting hole 206, and the adjusting washer 203 is stably limited in the puller rod connecting hole 206, thereby improving the structural integrity of the whole draw knife mechanism and effectively preventing the adjusting washer 203 from falling off.
[0030] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , the shaft core 100 is provided with a tapered hole 102 for assembling the tool shank 300 at the front end of the shaft core inner hole 101. When the puller rod assembly is driven to reset by a spring or a pneumatic cylinder, an oil cylinder, etc., the puller rod assembly axially tightens the tool shank and makes the outer tapered surface of the tool shank cooperate with the tapered hole 102 of the shaft core 100, thereby achieving stable clamping of the tool shank.
[0031] Referring to Figure 1 , the ball mounting hole is a through hole penetrating the hole wall of the tool shank connecting hole 204, the shaft core inner hole 101 is provided with an avoidance groove 103 at the rear side of the tool shank tapered hole 102, which cooperates with the ball 205 in the tool shank connecting hole 204. When the puller claw 202 moves along the shaft core inner hole 101 under the drive of the puller rod 201, the ball 205 can move radially in the ball mounting hole, and further be clamped or released from the tool shank 300 through cooperation with the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole 101. When the puller claw 202 moves downward under the drive of the puller rod 201, the ball 205 moves from the straight hole section 104 of the shaft core inner hole 101 to the avoidance groove 103, pulls the tool shank 300 outward, the ball 205 moves outward along the ball mounting hole and is embedded in the avoidance groove 103 on the outside, and the tool shank 300 can be pulled out of the tool shank connecting hole 204. When the puller claw 202 moves upward under the drive of the puller rod 201, the ball 205 moves from the avoidance groove 103 of the shaft core inner hole 101 to the straight hole section 104, the ball 205 moves inward along the ball mounting hole under the cooperation of the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole 101, and is clamped into the tool shank in the tool shank connecting hole 204.
[0032] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , the outer wall surface of the pull rod 201 and the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole 101 form an annular cavity or annular space extending in the axial direction, the annular cavity is located at the rear of the pull claw 202, and the pull rod assembly further comprises a spring 207, the spring 207 is arranged in the annular cavity, one end of the spring 207 abuts against the shaft core 100, and the other end of the spring 207 abuts against the pull rod 201. In the embodiment, the spring 207 functions to drive the pull rod 201 and the pull claw 202 to automatically reset in the axial direction upward, provide a pull knife force, and thus automatic pull knife after the knife is struck and loosened.
[0033] Further, referring to Figure 1 , the pull rod 201 is provided with a first axial surface 208 at one end of the annular cavity, the shaft core inner hole 101 is provided with a pad 209 at the other end of the annular cavity, one end of the spring 207 abuts against the pad 209, and the other end of the spring 207 abuts against the first axial surface 208.
[0034] Referring to Figure 1 , the outer circular surface of the spring 207 cooperates with the hole wall 105 of the shaft core inner hole 101, and the inner circular surface of the spring 207 cooperates with the outer wall surface 210 of the pull rod 201. This assembly mode can slow down the phenomenon that the upper and lower ends of the spring 207 are expanded outward due to pre-tightening, and the outward expansion phenomenon is uniformly distributed on the outer circle of the spring 207. At the same time, the outer circle of the spring 207 is matched with the shaft core 100 to guide, ensuring the stability of high-speed rotation of the main shaft, and the inner hole of the spring 207 is matched with the pull rod 201 to prevent the spring 207 from being unevenly stressed and assembled during the process of striking the knife.
[0035] The embodiment of the utility model further provides a main shaft which comprises the pull knife mechanism in any one of the above embodiments.
[0036] The embodiment of the utility model further provides a machine tool which comprises the main shaft in any one of the above embodiments.
[0037] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "example", "embodiment" or "some embodiments" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in combination with the embodiment or example are contained in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.
[0038] Of course, the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or replacements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these equivalent modifications or replacements are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. A broach mechanism, characterized by, The shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole, and the pull rod assembly is arranged in the shaft core inner hole.
2. The broach mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The pull rod is threadedly connected to the pull rod connecting hole.
3. The broach mechanism of claim 2, wherein, The adjusting washer is arranged between the bottom of the pull rod connecting hole and the pull rod.
4. The broach mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The shaft core is provided with a taper hole for assembling a tool shank at the front end of the shaft core inner hole.
5. The broach mechanism of claim 4, wherein, The ball mounting hole is a through hole penetrating the hole wall of the tool shank connecting hole.
6. The broach mechanism of claim 1, wherein, The shaft core inner hole is provided with a clearance groove matched with the ball in the tool shank connecting hole at the rear side of the tool shank taper hole.
7. The broach mechanism of claim 6, wherein, An annular cavity extending in the axial direction is formed between the outer wall surface of the pull rod and the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole.
8. The broach mechanism of claim 6, wherein, The pull rod is provided with a first axial surface at one end of the annular cavity.
9. A spindle characterized by, The outer circular surface of the spring is matched with the hole wall of the shaft core inner hole, and the inner circular surface of the spring is matched with the outer wall surface of the pull rod.
10. A machine tool, characterized by The tool shank mechanism comprises the tool shank mechanism according to any one of claims 1-8. The main shaft comprises the main shaft according to claim 9.