Fire-fighting device of liquid-cooled battery pack
By incorporating a fire detection box and fire piping into the liquid-cooled battery pack, combined with a fan and characteristic gas sensors, real-time detection and uniform spraying of thermal runaway gases are achieved, solving the problems of lag and low efficiency in existing lithium-ion battery fire protection systems. This technology is suitable for high-efficiency fire protection of large-capacity liquid-cooled battery packs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422991189.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing lithium-ion battery fire suppression systems suffer from lag and inefficiency, especially in large-capacity and large-size liquid-cooled battery packs. Conventional fire detection and extinguishing technologies cannot detect thermal runaway gases in a timely manner, resulting in low extinguishing efficiency and failing to meet the needs of large-capacity and large-size battery packs.
A fire-fighting device for a liquid-cooled battery pack was designed. It adopts a sealed enclosure with a built-in fire detection box and fire pipeline. The device uses a fan to extract gas for real-time detection, a characteristic gas sensor to detect thermal runaway gas, and multiple nozzles on the fire pipeline to uniformly spray extinguishing agents, achieving a rapid and efficient fire response.
It achieves efficient and accurate detection and rapid extinguishing of thermal runaway gases, eliminating detection lag and extinguishing dead zones, and is suitable for efficient fire protection design of large-capacity liquid-cooled battery packs.
Smart Images
Figure CN223641202U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery fire protection technology, and in particular to a fire protection device for a liquid-cooled battery pack. Background Technology
[0002] With the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries, solving their thermal runaway and thermal diffusion has become a key issue in improving lithium-ion battery quality. Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway generally consists of four stages: the initial stage is battery "abuse," where damage is caused by thermal, electrical, or mechanical factors; the second stage is "exhaust gas emission," which involves trace amounts of gas (such as hydrogen) and electrolyte vapors produced by the battery, causing it to release heat; if the battery temperature continues to rise, the third stage is the "battery smoke" state, where excessive heat levels can lead to battery fire and thermal runaway. After these three stages, a catastrophic failure may quickly occur, potentially leading to battery fire and its spread, or even a battery explosion.
[0003] There are two main "windows of opportunity" for implementing battery fire protection measures: a "prevention" window and a "control" window. The second stage of lithium-ion battery exhaust gas generation is the optimal window for fire detection and early warning. When exhaust gas generation is detected, the system can be shut down for protection. If preventive measures are ineffective and a damaged lithium-ion battery catches fire, effective fire extinguishing and control measures must be taken to minimize the possibility of the fire spreading to adjacent cells in the battery pack.
[0004] Currently, lithium-ion battery fire suppression systems either have fire detection devices installed inside the liquid-cooled battery pack or in the external space. These systems rely on natural gas diffusion to detect the composition of exhaust gases produced by the lithium-ion battery, which presents significant time lag and a risk of missed detections. In the event of thermal runaway, current extinguishing methods involve spraying fire extinguishing agents around the liquid-cooled battery pack or injecting them through a fire extinguishing port. However, due to the large internal space of the liquid-cooled battery pack, the fire extinguishing agents have poor coverage, resulting in low extinguishing efficiency.
[0005] It is evident that existing fire detection technologies for lithium-ion batteries are somewhat lagging, potentially failing to detect or delaying detection during the second stage of lithium-ion battery exhaust gas generation, and exhibiting low fire extinguishing efficiency. This can lead to further development of battery thermal runaway. Furthermore, the effectiveness of conventional detection and sprinkler head-introduction of fire-fighting fluid is decreasing, failing to meet the technological demands of liquid-cooled battery packs developing towards larger capacities and sizes. Therefore, effective fire extinguishing and control measures must be adopted to improve fire extinguishing efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fire-fighting device for liquid-cooled battery packs, suitable for large-capacity and large-size liquid-cooled battery packs, to achieve efficient and accurate detection and extinguishing of thermal runaway characteristic gases, and to solve the shortcomings of current conventional fire detection and extinguishing technologies that are lagging behind and inefficient.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution:
[0008] A fire-fighting device for a liquid-cooled battery pack includes a sealed enclosure and a liquid-cooled battery pack body and fire-fighting piping disposed within the sealed enclosure. The liquid-cooled battery pack body includes multiple battery cells arranged in a matrix, and the fire-fighting piping is interspersed between adjacent battery cells. A fire detection box and an external fire-fighting interface are provided on the front side wall of the sealed enclosure, and the inlet of the fire-fighting piping, the fire detection box, and the external fire-fighting interface are connected by a three-way valve.
[0009] The fire-fighting pipeline is equipped with multiple fire nozzles for spraying fire-fighting media onto individual battery cells; the fire-fighting detection box is equipped with a fire-fighting detection sensor; and the external fire-fighting interface is used to connect to an external fire-fighting media supply device.
[0010] Furthermore, the sealed enclosure includes a liquid-cooled base plate disposed at the bottom of the liquid-cooled battery pack body and an upper cover covering the upper part of the liquid-cooled battery pack body, wherein a certain space is maintained between the upper cover and the battery cell.
[0011] Furthermore, the rear side wall of the sealed enclosure is provided with at least two explosion-proof valves with waterproof and breathable functions.
[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a fan, which is installed in the passage between the three-way valve and the fire detection box, for drawing gas from the sealed box into the fire detection box.
[0013] Furthermore, the protection rating of the sealed enclosure is IP67 or higher.
[0014] Furthermore, the fire detection sensor is a characteristic gas sensor or a smoke sensor. The characteristic gas sensor is used to detect the concentration of thermal runaway characteristic gases inside the sealed enclosure. The thermal runaway characteristic gases include H2, CO, CO2, and VOC.
[0015] Furthermore, two sets of nozzles are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fire-fighting pipeline, namely nozzle one and nozzle two.
[0016] According to the specific embodiments provided by this utility model, the fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack provided by this utility model discloses the following technical effects:
[0017] 1) The fire detection sensor is built into the fire detection box outside the liquid-cooled battery pack. The fire detection box is connected to the fire pipeline inside the liquid-cooled battery pack and the inlet of the fire pipeline through a three-way valve. The fire detection box uses a fan to draw air from the liquid-cooled battery pack for real-time detection, with no lag or missed detection, and high accuracy.
[0018] 2) The fire-fighting medium is sprayed through fire-fighting pipelines and nozzles to extinguish the fire. It is evenly distributed to avoid spray dead zones, and multiple sets of nozzles spray at the same time for efficient fire extinguishing.
[0019] In summary, the fire-fighting device for liquid-cooled battery packs provided by this utility model can quickly and efficiently conduct fire detection, improve fire extinguishing efficiency, and is particularly suitable for fire protection design of large-capacity liquid-cooled battery packs. Attached Figure Description
[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the fire-fighting device of the liquid-cooled battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view of the fire-fighting device of the liquid-cooled battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery pack body according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the green pipes represent fire-fighting pipes;
[0024] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the structural installation of the front side wall of the fire-fighting device of the liquid-cooled battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the nozzle in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Liquid-cooled battery pack body; 2. Top cover; 3. Fire detection box; 4. Explosion-proof valve one; 5. Explosion-proof valve two; 6. Nozzle one; 7. Fire-fighting pipeline; 8. Nozzle two; 9. Fan; 10. External fire-fighting interface; 11. Battery cell; 12. Bottom cold plate; 13. Three-way valve. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0028] In this patent description, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "vertical," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.
[0029] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fire-fighting device for liquid-cooled battery packs, which enables rapid and efficient fire detection and improves fire extinguishing efficiency. It is particularly suitable for fire-fighting design of large-capacity liquid-cooled battery packs.
[0030] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0031] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack provided by this utility model includes: a sealed enclosure and a liquid-cooled battery pack body 1 and a fire-fighting pipeline 7 disposed within the sealed enclosure. The liquid-cooled battery pack body 1 includes multiple battery cells 11 arranged in a matrix. The fire-fighting pipeline 7 is interspersed between adjacent battery cells 11. A fire detection box 3 and an external fire-fighting interface 10 are provided on the front side wall of the sealed enclosure. The inlet of the fire-fighting pipeline 7, the fire detection box 3, and the external fire-fighting interface 10 are connected through a three-way valve.
[0032] The fire-fighting pipeline 7 is equipped with multiple fire nozzles for spraying fire-fighting media onto the battery cell 11; the fire-fighting detection box 3 is equipped with a fire-fighting detection sensor; and the external fire-fighting interface 10 is used to connect to an external fire-fighting media supply device.
[0033] Specifically, the sealed enclosure has an IP67 or higher protection rating, including a liquid-cooled base plate 12 at the bottom of the liquid-cooled battery pack body 1 and an upper cover 2 covering the upper part of the liquid-cooled battery pack body 1, with a predetermined space between the upper cover 2 and the individual battery cells 11. The fire detection box 3 installed at the front end of the sealed enclosure uses an independent plate; the fire detection box 3 and fire piping 7 can be installed first, and then the upper cover 2 can be placed on top. The predetermined space between the upper cover 2 and the individual battery cells ensures the diffusion of extinguishing agents for better fire suppression.
[0034] The rear side wall of the sealed enclosure is equipped with at least two explosion-proof valves with waterproof and breathable functions, such as... Figure 2 The explosion-proof valves 4 and 5 are included. The explosion-proof valves are waterproof and breathable, allowing them to circulate with the external air of the liquid-cooled battery pack body 1. When the internal pressure is greater than or equal to the explosion value set by the explosion-proof valve after thermal runaway, the internal pressure pushes open the built-in piston body, and the gas will be directly connected to the outside through the unobstructed channel, rapidly releasing the gas and quickly reducing the pressure inside the liquid-cooled battery pack body 1.
[0035] Explosion-proof valve 4 and explosion-proof valve 5, which are waterproof and breathable, are arranged in parallel at the rear of the sealed box. When the fan 9 draws air, due to the negative pressure inside the sealed box, external air is introduced through the two waterproof and breathable explosion-proof valves 4 and 5, thereby performing a ventilation airflow cycle.
[0036] The fire-fighting device also includes a fan 9, which is installed in the passage between the three-way valve 13 and the fire detection box 3. The fan 9 draws gas from the sealed enclosure into the fire detection box 3. During the charging and discharging of the battery cell 11, the fan 9 continuously draws air. The airflow from the sealed enclosure enters the fire-fighting pipeline 7 through various nozzles, such as nozzle 6 and nozzle 8, and then enters the fire detection box 3 from interface ② of the three-way valve 13. A characteristic gas sensor inside the fire detection box 3 detects the passing gas in real time, achieving high accuracy and timeliness. For example, the fan 9 is an axial flow fan, and the gas drawn into the fire detection box 3 can also be discharged to the external space through the fan.
[0037] The fire detection box 3 has a hollow box structure, and the fire detection sensor is a characteristic gas sensor or a smoke sensor. The fire detection box 3 has a built-in characteristic gas sensor or smoke sensor, which is used to detect the concentration of thermal runaway characteristic gases inside the sealed box. These thermal runaway characteristic gases include H2, CO, CO2, and VOCs. An exhaust fan 9 is installed on the front panel of the fire detection box 3, and a three-way valve 13 is connected to the top of the fire detection box.
[0038] The 13-way valve has three interfaces: ① connects to the fire detection box 3; ② connects to the external fire interface 10; and ③ connects to the fire pipeline 7.
[0039] The fire-fighting pipe 7 is located inside the sealed enclosure, and its length is approximately equal to the front-to-back layout length of the liquid-cooled battery pack body 1. It occupies the gap between the battery cell 11 and the top cover 2. Several sets of interconnected nozzles are distributed on the fire-fighting pipe 7, such as... Figure 5 As shown, nozzle 6 and nozzle 8 are symmetrically arranged and evenly distributed on both sides of the fire-fighting pipe 7, with a recommended quantity of ≥4 groups. For example, several battery cells 11 are arranged in groups, such as two groups, and the fire-fighting pipe 7 can be set between the two groups of battery cells 11; in addition, multiple sets of fire-fighting pipes 7 can be set up, connected horizontally and vertically, and run through each adjacent battery cell to improve fire detection and fire extinguishing efficiency.
[0040] The working principle of the fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack provided by this utility model is as follows:
[0041] When the characteristic gas sensor inside the fire detection box 3 detects that the concentration of characteristic gas for battery thermal runaway exceeds the safety threshold, the external fire extinguishing agent is delivered through the external fire interface 10 to the three-way valve 13 interface direction ② and then enters the internal fire pipeline 7. The fire extinguishing agent is evenly sprayed from multiple sets of nozzles 2 8 and nozzle 1 6 to both sides to achieve efficient fire extinguishing. The fire extinguishing agent can be perfluorohexanone, heptafluoropropane and other high-efficiency fire extinguishing agents.
[0042] For example, the nozzles and three-way valves can both be electrically controlled nozzles and electric three-way valves, which are electrically connected to an external fire control panel (processor or controller). Fire detection sensors, fans, etc. can all be electrically connected to the fire control panel. The information collected by the fire detection sensors is uploaded to the fire control panel. The fire control panel can automatically control the opening and closing of the electrically controlled nozzles and electric three-way valves, as well as the starting and stopping of the fans, as needed.
[0043] The fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack provided in this embodiment can directly extract gas from inside the liquid-cooled battery pack for detection via a fan, accelerating gas flow and ensuring high efficiency and no lag. Fire-fighting agents are precisely sprayed through internal fire-fighting pipes and nozzles within the liquid-cooled battery pack, ensuring even distribution and rapid fire suppression, thus avoiding fire-fighting dead zones.
[0044] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this utility model. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this utility model, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.
Claims
1. A fire-fighting device for a liquid-cooled battery pack, characterized in that, The system includes a sealed enclosure and a liquid-cooled battery pack body (1) and a fire-fighting pipeline (7) installed inside the sealed enclosure. The liquid-cooled battery pack body (1) includes multiple battery cells (11) arranged in a matrix. The fire-fighting pipeline (7) is interspersed between adjacent battery cells (11). The front side wall of the sealed enclosure is provided with a fire detection box (3) and an external fire-fighting interface (10). The inlet of the fire-fighting pipeline (7), the fire detection box (3) and the external fire-fighting interface (10) are connected by a three-way valve (13). The fire-fighting pipeline (7) is equipped with multiple fire-fighting nozzles for spraying fire-fighting media onto the battery cell (11); the fire-fighting detection box (3) is equipped with a fire-fighting detection sensor; and the external fire-fighting interface (10) is used to connect to an external fire-fighting media supply device.
2. The fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed enclosure includes a liquid-cooled base plate (12) disposed at the bottom of the liquid-cooled battery pack body (1) and an upper cover (2) covering the upper part of the liquid-cooled battery pack body (1), wherein a certain space is maintained between the upper cover (2) and the battery cell (11).
3. The fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear side wall of the sealed enclosure is equipped with at least two explosion-proof valves with waterproof and breathable functions.
4. The fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a fan (9), which is installed in the passage between the three-way valve (13) and the fire detection box (3) to draw the gas in the sealed box into the fire detection box (3).
5. The fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection level of the sealed enclosure is IP67 or higher.
6. The fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire detection sensor is a characteristic gas sensor or a smoke sensor. The characteristic gas sensor is used to detect the concentration of thermal runaway characteristic gases inside the sealed enclosure. The thermal runaway characteristic gases include H2, CO, CO2, and VOC.
7. The fire-fighting device for the liquid-cooled battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two sets of nozzles are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fire-fighting pipeline (7), namely nozzle one (6) and nozzle two (8).