Tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristic testing device

Abstract

The utility model provides a tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristic test device which comprises an overflow water supply system, a test model box, a detachable lining structure and a seepage monitoring system, the overflow water supply system provides a stable test water head for the test model box, and the detachable lining structure is horizontally arranged in the test model box in the longitudinal direction of the test model box. The detachable lining structure comprises a hollow straight cylinder and an installation unit, a plurality of drainage pipes are arranged along a cylinder body of the straight cylinder, the installation unit is used for fixing the straight cylinder to the test model box, and the test model box is filled with a simulated stratum soil sample. The seepage monitoring system comprises water pressure sensors located between the adjacent drainage pipes and pressure measuring pipes connected with the left side and the right side of the test model box. According to the utility model, the water pressure distribution characteristics outside the lining under different arrangements of the drainage holes and the change of the drainage capacity and the influence of different underground water heads and surrounding rock stratum conditions on the water pressure distribution outside the lining can be measured, and an exact test basis is provided for tunnel lining design and operation maintenance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of hydraulic tunnel lining test device, concretely is a tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristic test device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Tunnel is a kind of hydraulic structure commonly used in water diversion project, and most of the water diversion projects under construction or proposed in China are mainly long-distance water conveying tunnels, and the tunnel generally needs to pass through strata with complex occurrence environment and geological conditions. The external water pressure acting on the lining is one of the important loads that need to be considered in the design of the tunnel lining in water-rich strata, and is related to the safe operation of the tunnel. The external water pressure is related to many factors such as the permeability of surrounding rock, rock structure, drainage measures and water supply conditions, and it is still very difficult to accurately value.

[0003] The method for determining the external water pressure of the lining is usually to estimate according to the geological conditions of surrounding rock by using empirical formula or numerical calculation, but there is a large deviation between the actual value of the external water pressure in the project. It is of great significance for the waterproof and drainage design and safe operation of the tunnel in water-rich strata to test the external water pressure of the lining under different conditions by using the test device. In order to ensure the stability of the lining, drainage holes and other drainage measures need to be set when the external water pressure is large to reduce the external water pressure. Due to the influence range of the drainage holes, the external water pressure borne by different parts of the lining is different. In addition, the drainage holes may be blocked in the long-term use process, which weakens the drainage and pressure reduction performance and causes the local external water pressure to increase.

[0004] Therefore, by means of the special test device, the distribution characteristics of the external water pressure of the lining under the action of the drainage holes with different arrangements and the change of drainage capacity can be simulated and studied, which can provide reliable test basis for the design and operation and maintenance of the tunnel lining. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0005] The utility model aims at simulating the radial distribution of the external water pressure of the tunnel lining under the action of the drainage holes, and provides a tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristic test device, which overcomes the deficiency of single water flow direction in conventional indoor test. The test device can determine the distribution characteristics of the external water pressure of the tunnel lining under the action of the drainage holes with different arrangements and the change of drainage capacity.

[0006] The utility model solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0007] The utility model provides a kind of tunnel lining outer water pressure distribution characteristic test device, including overflow water supply system, test model box, detachable lining structure, seepage monitoring system;The overflow water supply system provides stable test water head for test model box;The detachable lining structure is arranged in test model box along test model box longitudinal direction horizontally, and the detachable lining structure includes hollow straight cylinder and installation unit, multiple drain pipes are arranged along straight cylinder barrel, drain pipe is circumscribed with valve rubber pipe, and installation unit is used to be fixed in test model box;The test model box is filled with simulated stratum soil sample;The seepage monitoring system includes water pressure sensor and pressure pipe, and water pressure sensor is located at the center position between adjacent drain pipes, is connected with external data acquisition system by output cable, and pressure pipe is connected with left and right sides of test model box.

[0008] Further, the overflow water supply system includes water supply tank and water distribution tank, the water supply tank is connected with one end of the water distribution tank by water supply pipeline, the water supply tank adjusts height by lifting device, simulates different groundwater head;The other end of the water distribution tank is connected with the left and right sides of the test model box by water outlet pipeline, to provide constant pressure head for the test model box;Triangular weir baffle is arranged in the water supply tank, overflow pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the water supply tank, and excess water is overflowed by the triangular weir baffle and discharged through the overflow pipeline;The water distribution tank is closed, and the first exhaust valve is arranged at the top.

[0009] Further, the test model box includes model box body, left porous plate and right porous plate arranged on the left and right sides in the model box body, cover plate arranged at the top of the model box body and fixing component;The model box body is cuboid, which is composed of left side plate, right side plate, rear side plate, front side plate and bottom plate;The left porous plate in the model box body forms left water inlet chamber with left interval, and the right porous plate forms right water inlet chamber with right interval, and the space for accommodating simulated stratum soil sample is formed between the model box body and the left porous plate and the right porous plate.

[0010] Further, the fixing component is provided with first bolt hole and groove, and the groove is filled with rubber sealing ring;The cover plate is provided with bolt hole corresponding to the first bolt hole of the fixing component, and the cover plate is provided with second exhaust valve at both ends and communicated with the left water inlet chamber and the right water inlet chamber.

[0011] Further, the detachable lining structure is provided with more than two rows of more than six drain pipes along the straight cylinder barrel, and the amount of water is controlled by the number of open drain pipes and the opening degree of valve.

[0012] Further, the rear side plate is provided with a positioning groove at the position corresponding to the detachable lining structure; the front side plate is provided with a first opening at the position corresponding to the detachable lining structure, the first opening is used for placing the detachable lining structure, and a second bolt hole is arranged around the first opening; the straight cylinder is provided with a flange plate at each end, the flange plate at the rear end is inserted into the positioning groove and is attached to the rear side plate, and the flange plate at the front end is provided with a third bolt hole; the mounting unit is a circular flat plate, a second opening is arranged at the center of the mounting unit, the inner diameter of the second opening is same as the inner diameter of the straight cylinder, the mounting unit is provided with a fourth bolt hole and a fifth bolt hole, and the fourth bolt hole and the fifth bolt hole are connected with the third bolt hole and the second bolt hole by bolts respectively.

[0013] Further, the mounting unit is provided with a first O-shaped water stop ring and a second O-shaped water stop ring, and is used for sealing and water stopping between the flange plate and the front side plate.

[0014] Further, the seepage monitoring system comprises more than six water pressure sensors arranged outside the detachable lining structure and pressure measuring tubes connected to the left and right sides of the test model box.

[0015] The utility model has the advantages of the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The utility model discloses a seepage physical model of tunnel lining is established, and the drainage pipe is arranged along the lining circumference, and the seepage field environment under different drainage conditions of the tunnel can be simulated by adjusting the different drainage pipe valves and the opening degree thereof. The water pressure values of different parts of the lining in the radial direction are obtained by the distributed multiple water pressure sensors, and the measured water pressure of the lining can reflect the water pressure distribution characteristics of the tunnel lining in the actual project. The test research on the water pressure distribution of the tunnel lining under different groundwater head conditions and different surrounding rock stratum conditions can be carried out by adjusting the height of the water supply tank and filling the simulated stratum soil sample in the model box. The utility model can determine the water pressure distribution characteristics of the lining under different arrangement of the drainage hole and the change of the drainage capacity, and the influence of different groundwater head and surrounding rock stratum conditions on the water pressure distribution of the lining, and can provide the exact test basis for the design and operation maintenance of the tunnel lining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the utility model tunnel lining water pressure distribution characteristic test device;

[0018] Figure 2 is the overhead structure schematic diagram of the test model box after the cover plate is opened in the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 is the exploded structure schematic diagram of the detachable lining structure and the fixed model box body front and rear side plate in the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the installation unit in the utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 is the layout schematic diagram of the water pressure sensor in the utility model.

[0022] The reference signs are described as follows: 1-water supply tank, 2-water supply pipeline, 3-triangular weir partition plate, 4-overflow pipeline, 5-water distribution tank, 6-outlet pipeline, 7-first air valve, 8-model tank body, 9-left porous plate, 10-right porous plate, 11-cover plate, 12-fixing component, 13-left side plate, 14-right side plate, 15-rear side plate, 16-front side plate, 17-bottom plate, 18-first bolt hole, 19-rubber sealing ring, 20-second air valve, 21-positioning groove, 22-second bolt hole, 23-straight cylinder, 24-installation unit, 25-drainage pipe, 26-flange plate, 27-third bolt hole, 28-fourth bolt hole, 29-fifth bolt hole, 30-first O-shaped water stop ring, 31-second O-shaped water stop ring, 32-water pressure sensor, 33-pressure measuring pipe, 34-first opening, 35-second opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical scheme in the utility model will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the utility model.

[0024] The utility model discloses a tunnel lining outer water pressure distribution characteristic test device, including overflow water supply system, test model case, detachable lining structure, seepage monitoring system. The overflow water supply system is communicated with test model case, and stable test water head is provided for test model case, the detachable lining structure is arranged in test model case along test model case vertical direction level, the test model case is filled with simulated stratum soil sample, and the seepage monitoring system includes water pressure sensor and pressure measuring pipe.

[0025] As Figure 1 Shown, the overflow water supply system includes water supply tank 1 and water distribution tank 5, and water supply tank 1 is connected with one end of water distribution tank 5 through water supply pipeline 2, and water supply tank 1 adjusts height through lifting device, simulates different underground water head, and the other end of water distribution tank 5 is connected with the left and right sides of test model case through outlet pipeline 6, and water distribution tank 5 adjusts the pulsating water pressure in water supply pipeline 2, provides constant pressure water head for test model case, and water supply tank 1 is equipped with triangular weir partition plate 3 to keep constant water head, and water supply tank 1 bottom is equipped with overflow pipeline 4, and the excess water is overflowed by triangular weir partition plate 3 and is discharged through overflow pipeline 4, and water distribution tank 5 is closed, and the top is provided with first air valve 7.

[0026] The test model box comprises a model box body 8, left and right perforated plates 9 and 10 arranged on the left and right sides of the model box body 8, a cover plate 11 arranged on the top of the model box body 8, and a fixing component 12; the model box body 8 is a cuboid composed of a left side plate 13, a right side plate 14, a back side plate 15, a front side plate 16 and a bottom plate 17, and a steel plate is used in the embodiment; the left perforated plate 9 in the model box body 8 forms a left water inlet chamber with a left interval, and the right perforated plate 10 forms a right water inlet chamber with a right interval, and a space for accommodating simulated stratum soil samples is formed between the model box body 8 and the left and right perforated plates 9 and 10; as shown in Figure 2 , the fixing component 12 is welded on the top edge of the model box body 8, the fixing component 12 is provided with a first bolt hole 18 and a groove, and a rubber sealing ring 19 is filled in the groove; the cover plate 11 is provided with a cover plate bolt hole corresponding to the first bolt hole 18 of the fixing component 12, and a second exhaust valve 20 is arranged at each end of the cover plate 11 and communicates with the left and right water inlet chambers; as shown in Figure 3 , the back side plate 15 is provided with a positioning groove 21 at a position corresponding to the detachable lining structure, for positioning the detachable lining structure; the front side plate 16 is provided with a first opening 34 at a position corresponding to the detachable lining structure, for placing the detachable lining structure, and a second bolt hole 22 is arranged around the first opening 34.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 3-5 , the detachable lining structure comprises a hollow straight cylinder 23 and a mounting unit 24, more than two rows of more than six drainage pipes 25 are arranged along the cylinder body of the straight cylinder 23, a rubber pipe with a valve is connected to the drainage pipe 25, and the drainage amount is controlled by the number of opened drainage pipes 25 and the valve opening degree; the straight cylinder 23 has a flange plate 26 at each end, the flange plate 26 at the rear end is inserted into the positioning groove 21 and is attached to the back side plate 15, and the flange plate 26 at the front end is provided with a third bolt hole 27; as shown in Figure 4 , the mounting unit 24 is a circular flat plate, a second opening 35 is arranged at the center of the mounting unit 24, the inner diameter of the second opening 35 is the same as the inner diameter of the straight cylinder 23, the mounting unit 24 is provided with a fourth bolt hole 28 and a fifth bolt hole 29, and the fourth bolt hole 28 and the fifth bolt hole 29 are connected to the third bolt hole 27 and the second bolt hole 22 by bolts, respectively, the mounting unit 24 is provided with a first O-shaped water stop ring 30 and a second O-shaped water stop ring 31, for sealing water between the flange plate 26 and the front side plate 16.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1 , the seepage monitoring system comprises more than six water pressure sensors 32 buried outside the detachable lining structure and pressure measuring tubes 33 connected to the left and right sides of the test model box, wherein the water pressure sensors 32 are used to monitor the pressure water head acting on different parts of the lining during the test, and the pressure measuring tubes 33 are used to observe the test water head value; as shown in Figure 5As shown, the water pressure sensor 32 is located at the center position between the adjacent drain pipes 25 and is connected with an external data acquisition system through an output cable; a container is used to collect the drainage amount of the drain pipe 25 in a certain time period during the test process.

[0029] The utility model makes full use of seepage control principle, adopts multiple drain pipes 25 and water pressure sensor 32 of distributed type, can simulate tunnel seepage field under different drainage conditions, can determine the distribution characteristics of water pressure outside lining under different arrangement of drainage hole and drainage capacity change, and the influence of different groundwater head and surrounding rock stratum condition on the distribution of water pressure outside lining, can provide exact test basis for tunnel lining design and operation maintenance.

[0030] The above is only the specific implementation of the utility model, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to this, any person belonging to the technical field of the utility model can easily think of the change or replacement within the technical range disclosed by the utility model, which should be covered in the protection scope of the utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for testing the distribution characteristics of external water pressure of a tunnel lining, characterized by, The utility model provides a kind of test model box for simulating the seepage of lining structure, including overflow water supply system, test model box, detachable lining structure, seepage monitoring system;The overflow water supply system provides stable test water head for test model box;The detachable lining structure is arranged in test model box along test model box longitudinal direction horizontally, and the detachable lining structure includes hollow straight cylinder (23) and installation unit (24), multiple drain pipes (25) are arranged along the cylinder body of straight cylinder (23), drain pipe is circumscribed with valve rubber pipe, and installation unit (24) is used to fix straight cylinder (23) in test model box;Test model box is filled with simulated stratum soil sample;The seepage monitoring system includes water pressure sensor (32) and pressure pipe (33), water pressure sensor is located at the center position between adjacent drain pipes (25), is connected with external data acquisition system by output cable, and pressure pipe (33) is connected with left and right sides of test model box.

2. The test apparatus for tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overflow water supply system includes water supply tank (1) and water distribution tank (5), water supply tank (1) is connected with one end of water distribution tank (5) by water supply pipeline (2), water supply tank (1) adjusts height by lifting device, simulates different groundwater head;The other end of water distribution tank (5) is connected with left and right sides of test model box by water outlet pipeline (6), to provide constant pressure head for test model box;Water supply tank (1) is provided with triangular weir partition plate (3), and overflow pipeline (4) is arranged at the bottom of water supply tank (1), and the excess water is overflowed by triangular weir partition plate (3) and discharged through overflow pipeline (4);Water distribution tank (5) is closed, and is provided with first exhaust valve (7) on top.

3. The test apparatus for tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test model box includes model box body (8), left porous plate (9) and right porous plate (10) arranged on left and right sides in model box body (8), cover plate (11) arranged on top of model box body (8) and fixing component (12);Model box body (8) is cuboid, which is composed of left side plate (13), right side plate (14), rear side plate (15), front side plate (16) and bottom plate (17);Left water inlet chamber and right water inlet chamber are formed by left interval of left porous plate (9) and right interval of right porous plate (10) respectively, and space for accommodating simulated stratum soil sample is formed between model box body (8) and left porous plate (9) and right porous plate (10).

4. The test apparatus for tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixing component (12) is provided with first bolt hole (18) and groove, and rubber sealing ring (19) is filled in the groove;Cover plate (11) is provided with cover plate bolt hole corresponding to the first bolt hole (18) of fixing component (12), and second exhaust valve (20) is arranged at both ends of cover plate (11) and communicated with left water inlet chamber and right water inlet chamber respectively.

5. The test apparatus for tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detachable lining structure is provided with more than two rows of more than six drain pipes (25) along the cylinder body of straight cylinder (23), and the amount of drain pipes opened and the opening degree of valve are used to control the amount of drainage.

6. The test apparatus for tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rear side plate (15) is provided with a positioning groove (21) at the corresponding detachable lining structure; the front side plate (16) is provided with a first opening (34) at the corresponding detachable lining structure for placing the detachable lining structure, and a second bolt hole (22) is arranged around the first opening (34); the straight cylinder (23) has a flange plate (26) at both ends, wherein the flange plate (26) at the rear end is inserted into the positioning groove (21) and is attached to the rear side plate (15), and the flange plate (26) at the front end is provided with a third bolt hole (27); the mounting unit (24) is a circular flat plate, provided with a second opening (35) at the center, the inner diameter of the second opening (35) is the same as the inner diameter of the straight cylinder (23), the mounting unit (24) is provided with a fourth bolt hole (28) and a fifth bolt hole (29), which are connected with the third bolt hole (27) and the second bolt hole (22) by bolts respectively.

7. The test apparatus for tunnel lining external water pressure distribution characteristics according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting unit (24) has a first O-shaped water stop ring (30) and a second O-shaped water stop ring (31) for sealing water between the flange plate (26) and the front side plate (16).

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