Quick circuit breaker of battery module, battery module and electric vehicle

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of new energy automobiles, and particularly relates to a quick circuit breaker of a battery module, the battery module and an electric automobile, the quick circuit breaker of the battery module comprises a base, and a base arc extinguish chamber is arranged in the base; the transition shell is detachably arranged at the top end of the base, an upper transition chamber and a lower transition chamber are formed in the transition shell, and the upper transition chamber is located above the lower transition chamber and communicates with the lower transition chamber; the conducting strip is fixedly arranged in the transition shell; the fire plug is slidably arranged at the top end of the transition shell, one end of the fire plug is fixedly connected with an impact assembly, the impact assembly is located in the transition shell and used for impacting the cut-off conducting strip, and a containing groove is formed in the other end of the fire plug and used for containing explosives; the impact assembly comprises four tool bits; and the pin pushing shell is detachably arranged at the top end of the fire plug, an electrifying assembly is arranged in the pin pushing shell, and the electrifying assembly is used for detonating the explosive in the containing groove so as to generate thrust on the fire plug to enable the impact assembly to cut off the conducting strip.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of new energy vehicle technology, and in particular relates to a fast disconnect device for battery modules, battery modules and electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] A circuit breaker, also known as a fuse, is an electrical device that plays a safety protection role in a power system. It can be widely used in various systems to protect the power grid and electrical equipment. When a short circuit or overload fault occurs in the power grid or electrical equipment line, the fuse can automatically cut off the circuit to avoid damage to electrical equipment and prevent the accident from spreading.

[0003] A standard fuse consists of a fusible element, a housing, and filling materials such as silica sand. The fusible element is the key component controlling the fuse's characteristics; different protection characteristics can be achieved by designing different neck dimensions for the fusible element. However, existing fuses have the following problems when used for high-voltage circuit protection in electric vehicles: when using low-overload characteristic fuses, the fuse is prone to malfunction during vehicle acceleration due to its inability to withstand the overcurrent; while when using high-overload characteristic fuses, the excessively large neck size results in excessively long breaking times during small short-circuit faults, failing to provide timely system protection.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a fast disconnect device for the battery module to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fast disconnect device for battery modules to solve the above-mentioned problems and improve the safety of battery modules and electric vehicles.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution: a fast disconnector for a battery module, comprising...

[0007] The base has an arc-extinguishing chamber inside.

[0008] A transition housing is detachably mounted on the top of the base. The transition housing has an upper transition chamber and a lower transition chamber inside. The upper transition chamber is located above the lower transition chamber and communicates with the lower transition chamber.

[0009] The conductive sheet is fixedly disposed inside the transition housing;

[0010] A flame plug is slidably disposed at the top of the transition shell. One end of the flame plug is fixedly connected to an impact assembly located in the transition shell. The impact assembly is used to impact and cut off the conductive sheet. The other end of the flame plug is provided with a receiving groove for holding explosives.

[0011] The impact assembly includes four cutting heads;

[0012] The pusher housing is detachably mounted on the top of the flame plug. An energizing component is provided inside the pusher housing. The energizing component is used to detonate the explosive in the receiving slot to generate a thrust on the flame plug, causing the impact component to cut off the conductive plate.

[0013] Based on the quick disconnect device of the battery module of this utility model, the four blade arrays are arranged at one end of the flame plug.

[0014] Based on the fast disconnector of the battery module of this utility model, the spark plug is slidably disposed in the upper transition chamber of the transition housing, the inner side wall of the upper transition chamber is provided with a guide groove, and a guide block is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the spark plug, and the guide block is slidably engaged with the guide groove.

[0015] The fast disconnector of the battery module based on this utility model has a socket on the transition housing, and the conductive sheet is fixedly disposed in the socket.

[0016] The fast disconnector for the battery module based on this utility model has a mounting groove at the top of the base, which is connected to the arc extinguishing chamber of the base, and the transition housing can be detachably installed in the mounting groove.

[0017] The fast disconnector for the battery module based on this utility model has a cross-shaped partition fixedly installed in the arc extinguishing chamber of the base.

[0018] The fast disconnector for the battery module based on this utility model includes a conductive sheet with two lugs. The two lugs are fixedly connected by two connecting plates. The two connecting plates are arranged in parallel and spaced apart. Each connecting plate is provided with an impact break point.

[0019] A battery module comprising the aforementioned fast disconnector.

[0020] An electric vehicle, comprising the battery module described herein.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0022] This invention, through its impact assembly, utilizes four cutting heads to impact and break the conductive sheet, thus distributing the corresponding input voltage during impact breaking, greatly improving the arc extinguishing effect and shortening the breaking time. The upper transition chamber at the top of the transition housing guides the flame plug, ensuring rapid and accurate breaking of the conductive sheet. This invention has the advantages of compact structure, low cost, safety and reliability, and rapid current cutoff. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall design of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fire plug of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transition shell of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the transition shell of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the conductive sheet of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the base of this utility model.

[0030] Among them, 1. Flame plug; 2. Receiving groove; 3. Transition shell; 4. Conductive sheet; 5. Base; 6. Cutting head; 7. Guide block; 8. Upper transition chamber; 9. Guide groove; 10. Insertion hole; 11. Lower transition chamber; 13. Mounting groove; 14. Base arc extinguishing chamber; 15. Cross partition; 16. Connecting plate; 17. Impact break point. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0032] A fuse is a protective device that breaks the circuit by melting a fusible element when the current exceeds a specified value, using the heat generated by the fuse itself.

[0033] A fuse is composed of a fuse wire, a fuse tube, and contacts. It is divided into high-voltage fuses and low-voltage fuses [3]. It has the advantages of small size, convenient use and low price. It is widely used in low-voltage power distribution systems, power equipment of industrial and mining enterprises, instruments and meters, domestic power lines and electrical equipment.

[0034] The rated current of the fuse element is not equal to the rated current of the fuse. The rated current of the fuse element is selected according to the load current of the protected equipment, and the rated current of the fuse should be greater than the rated current of the fuse element, and should be determined in coordination with the main electrical appliance.

[0035] A fuse mainly consists of three parts: the fusible element, the housing, and the support. The fusible element is the key component controlling the fusing characteristics. The material, size, and shape of the fusible element determine its fusing characteristics. Fusible element materials are divided into two categories: low-melting-point and high-melting-point. Low-melting-point materials, such as lead and lead alloys, have low melting points and are easily melted. Due to their high resistivity, the cross-sectional size of the fusible element can be larger, resulting in more metal vapor being generated during melting. These materials are only suitable for fuses with low breaking capacity. High-melting-point materials, such as copper and silver, have high melting points and are not easily melted. However, due to their low resistivity, they can be made with smaller cross-sectional sizes than low-melting-point fusible elements, generating less metal vapor during melting. These materials are suitable for fuses with high breaking capacity. The shape of the fusible element is divided into two types: filamentary and strip-shaped. Changing the shape of the cross-section can significantly alter the fusing characteristics of the fuse. Fuses have various fusing characteristic curves to suit the needs of different types of protected objects.

[0036] The operation of a fuse is achieved by melting the fusible element. A very obvious characteristic of a fuse is its ampere-second characteristic.

[0037] For a fusible element, its operating current and operating time characteristics are known as the ampere-second characteristics of the fuse, also called the inverse time delay characteristics. That is, when the overload current is small, the fusing time is long; when the overload current is large, the fusing time is short.

[0038] To understand the characteristics of the ampere-second, we can see from Joule's law that Q = I 2 In a series circuit (R*T), the R value of the fuse remains essentially constant. The heat generated is directly proportional to the square of the current I and the heating time T. This means that when the current is high, the time required for the fuse to melt is short. Conversely, when the current is low, the time required for the fuse to melt is long. Furthermore, if the rate of heat accumulation is less than the rate of heat diffusion, the fuse temperature may not rise to its melting point, and the fuse may not even melt. Therefore, within a certain overload current range, when the current returns to normal, the fuse will not melt and can continue to be used.

[0039] Therefore, every molten metal has a minimum melting current. This minimum melting current varies with different temperatures. Although this current is affected by the external environment, it can be disregarded in practical applications. The ratio of the minimum melting current to the rated current of the molten metal is generally defined as the minimum melting coefficient. Commonly used molten metals have a melting coefficient greater than 1.25, meaning that a molten metal with a rated current of 10A will not melt when the current is below 12.5A.

[0040] This shows that fuses have excellent short-circuit protection performance but only average overload protection performance. If they must be used for overload protection, the overload current of the circuit and the rated current of the fuse need to be carefully matched. For example, an 8A fuse used in a 10A circuit, serving as both short-circuit and overload protection, will not provide ideal overload protection characteristics.

[0041] The selection of fuses is mainly based on the protection characteristics of the load and the magnitude of the short-circuit current. For small-capacity motors and lighting branch lines, fuses are often used for overload and short-circuit protection, so a relatively small melting coefficient of the fusible element is desirable. RQA series fuses with lead-tin alloy fusible elements are typically selected. For larger-capacity motors and lighting main lines, short-circuit protection and breaking capacity should be emphasized. RM10 and RL1 series fuses with higher breaking capacity are usually selected; when the short-circuit current is very large, RT0 and RTL2 series fuses with current-limiting function are preferable.

[0042] Fuses can be classified into high-voltage fuses and low-voltage fuses according to their operating voltage. They can also be classified according to the object they protect, such as fuses for protecting transformers and general electrical equipment, fuses for protecting voltage transformers, fuses for protecting power capacitors, fuses for protecting semiconductor components, fuses for protecting motors, and fuses for protecting household appliances. Finally, they can be classified according to their structure, such as open-type, semi-enclosed-type, tubular-type, and ejector-type fuses.

[0043] Open-type fuses have a simple structure, with the fusible element completely exposed to the air and supported by a porcelain column without a base, making them suitable for low-voltage outdoor use. They produce a significant audible and visual noise when interrupting current in the atmosphere.

[0044] The fusible element of a semi-enclosed fuse is mounted on a porcelain frame and inserted into a porcelain box with metal sockets at both ends, suitable for low-voltage indoor use. When interrupting current, the resulting sound and light are blocked by the porcelain box.

[0045] A tubular fuse contains the fusible element within the fuse body. It is then inserted into a support or directly connected to the circuit. The fuse body is a completely sealed insulating tube with metal caps at both ends or with contact blades. If the insulating tube of this type of fuse is filled with quartz sand, it has a current-limiting effect when interrupting current, greatly improving its breaking capacity; hence, it is also called a high-breaking-capacity fuse. If the tube is evacuated, it is called a vacuum fuse. If the tube is filled with SF6 gas, it is called an SF6 fuse, the purpose of which is to improve arc-extinguishing performance. Because quartz sand, vacuum, and SF6 gas all have good insulating properties, this type of fuse is suitable for both low and high voltage applications.

[0046] An ejector-type fuse consists of a fusible element housed within an insulating tube made of a solid gas-generating material. This material can be made of materials such as electrical reflective cardboard or acrylic glass. When a short-circuit current passes through the fusible element, it melts and generates an electric arc. This high-temperature arc causes the solid gas-generating material to rapidly decompose, producing a large amount of high-pressure gas. This ionized gas, carrying the arc, is ejected from both ends of the tube, producing a loud audible and visual noise. The arc is extinguished when the alternating current crosses zero, thus breaking the current. The insulating tube is usually mounted on an insulating support, forming the fuse assembly. Sometimes, the upper end of the insulating tube is made movable, allowing it to detach and drop after the current is broken; this type of ejector-type fuse is commonly known as a drop-out fuse. It is generally suitable for outdoor applications with voltages higher than 6 kV.

[0047] Furthermore, fuses can be categorized based on their breaking current range into general-purpose fuses, backup fuses, and full-range fuses. General-purpose fuses have a breaking current range from an overload current exceeding 1.6 to 2 times the rated current to the maximum breaking current. These fuses are primarily used to protect power transformers and general electrical equipment. Backup fuses have a breaking current range from an overload current exceeding 4 to 7 times the rated current to the maximum breaking current. These fuses are often used in series with contactors; when the overload current is less than 4 to 7 times the rated current, the contactor provides the breaking protection. They are mainly used to protect motors.

[0048] With the needs of industrial development, special fuses suitable for various requirements have also been manufactured, such as electronic fuses, thermal fuses, and self-resetting fuses.

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] Reference Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this utility model provides a fast disconnector for a battery module, including a base 5, with an arc-extinguishing chamber 14 inside.

[0051] The transition housing 3 is detachably mounted on the top of the base 5. The transition housing 3 has an upper transition chamber 8 and a lower transition chamber 11 inside. The upper transition chamber 8 is located above the lower transition chamber 11 and communicates with the lower transition chamber 11.

[0052] The conductive sheet 4 is fixedly installed inside the transition housing 3;

[0053] The flame plug 1 is slidably set at the top of the transition shell 3. One end of the flame plug 1 is fixedly connected to an impact component, which is located in the transition shell 3. The impact component is used to impact and cut off the conductive sheet 4. The other end of the flame plug 1 is provided with a receiving groove 2, which is used to hold explosives.

[0054] The impact assembly includes four cutter heads 6;

[0055] The push-out casing is detachably mounted on the top of the flame plug 1. An energizing component is installed inside the push-out casing. The energizing component is used to detonate the explosive in the receiving slot 2 to generate a thrust on the flame plug 1, causing the impact component to cut off the conductive plate 4.

[0056] Furthermore, an array of four cutter heads 6 is arranged at one end of the flame plug 1.

[0057] Furthermore, the flame plug 1 is slidably disposed in the upper transition chamber 8 of the transition housing 3. A guide groove 9 is provided on the inner side wall of the upper transition chamber 8, and a guide block 7 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the flame plug 1. The guide block 7 and the guide groove 9 are slidably engaged.

[0058] Furthermore, the transition housing 3 has an insertion hole 10, and the conductive sheet 4 is fixedly disposed in the insertion hole 10.

[0059] Furthermore, the top of the base 5 is provided with an installation groove 13, which is connected to the arc-extinguishing chamber 14 of the base, and the transition shell 3 can be detachably installed in the installation groove 13.

[0060] Furthermore, a cross-shaped partition 15 is fixedly installed inside the arc-extinguishing chamber 14 of the base.

[0061] The arc-extinguishing chamber 14 in the base contains steel wool, which is used to extinguish the arc.

[0062] Furthermore, the conductive sheet 4 includes two lugs, which are fixedly connected by two connecting plates 16. The two connecting plates 16 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and each connecting plate 16 is provided with an impact break point 17.

[0063] A battery module that incorporates all the advantages of the fast disconnect device of the battery module described above.

[0064] An electric vehicle that incorporates all the advantages of the battery module described above.

[0065] The working process of this utility model is as follows:

[0066] When the battery module malfunctions and needs to be powered off during the operation of an electric vehicle, the metal contacts at the top of the casing conduct current, detonating the explosive in the containment tank 2. The explosion of the explosive generates a powerful thrust, pushing the flame plug 1 downward in the upper transition chamber 8. During the movement, the four blades 6 impact the four impact break points 17, separating the tabs at both ends of the conductive sheet 4, thus de-energizing the battery module. The severed impact break points 17 fall into the arc extinguishing chamber 14 of the base, where a steel wool ball extinguishes the arc.

[0067] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0068] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. Various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present utility model made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A fast disconnect switch for a battery module, characterized in that, include The base (5) has an arc-extinguishing chamber (14) inside; The transition housing (3) is detachably mounted on the top of the base (5). The transition housing (3) has an upper transition chamber (8) and a lower transition chamber (11) inside. The upper transition chamber (8) is located above the lower transition chamber (11) and communicates with the lower transition chamber (11). The conductive sheet (4) is fixedly disposed inside the transition housing (3); A fire plug (1) is slidably disposed at the top of the transition shell (3). One end of the fire plug (1) is fixedly connected to an impact component, which is located in the transition shell (3). The impact component is used to impact and cut off the conductive sheet (4). The other end of the fire plug (1) is provided with a receiving groove (2), which is used to hold explosives. The impact assembly includes four cutter heads (6); The pusher housing is detachably mounted on the top of the flame plug (1). An energizing component is provided inside the pusher housing. The energizing component is used to detonate the explosive in the receiving slot (2) to generate a thrust on the flame plug (1) so that the impact component cuts off the conductive sheet (4).

2. The fast disconnector for the battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four blades (6) are arranged in an array at one end of the fire plug (1).

3. The fast disconnect device for the battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame plug (1) is slidably disposed in the upper transition chamber (8) of the transition housing (3). A guide groove (9) is provided on the inner side wall of the upper transition chamber (8). A guide block (7) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the flame plug (1). The guide block (7) is slidably engaged with the guide groove (9).

4. The fast disconnector for the battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transition housing (3) has an insertion hole (10), and the conductive sheet (4) is fixedly disposed in the insertion hole (10).

5. The fast disconnect device for the battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (5) has an installation groove (13) at its top end. The installation groove (13) is connected to the arc-extinguishing chamber (14) of the base. The transition shell (3) can be detachably installed in the installation groove (13).

6. The fast disconnect device for the battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cross-shaped partition (15) is fixedly installed inside the arc-extinguishing chamber (14) of the base.

7. The fast disconnect device for the battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive sheet (4) includes two lugs, which are fixedly connected by two connecting plates (16). The two connecting plates (16) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and each connecting plate (16) is provided with an impact break point (17).

8. A battery module comprising the fast disconnector as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. An electric vehicle comprising the battery module of claim 8.

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