Radio reconnaissance front-end radio frequency receiver
By designing a radio reconnaissance front-end RF receiver with limiting amplification, switching filtering unit and conditioning amplification unit, the problem of low reconnaissance efficiency caused by the diversification of UAV frequency bands in the existing technology is solved, realizing efficient reconnaissance across the entire frequency band and adapting to the reconnaissance needs of 'low, slow and small' UAVs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423179641.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing radio reconnaissance equipment struggles to achieve rapid, full-band reconnaissance when facing diverse UAV frequency bands, especially for low-speed, small UAVs. Furthermore, the AD9361 solution suffers from low efficiency due to its narrow bandwidth and filter characteristics.
A radio reconnaissance front-end RF receiver was designed, comprising a limiting amplifier unit, a switching filter unit, and a conditioning amplifier unit. It employs a limiter, RF switch, and bandpass filter to achieve limiting amplification, segmented filtering, and power adjustment of the signal, supporting full-band reconnaissance from 30 to 6000 MHz.
It achieves full-band reconnaissance with simple structure and reliable detection, improves the efficiency and flexibility of radio reconnaissance, and adapts to the reconnaissance needs of diverse UAV frequency bands.
Smart Images
Figure CN223652263U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of radio reconnaissance technology, and in particular to a radio reconnaissance front-end radio frequency receiver. Background Technology
[0002] Radio reconnaissance is a method of obtaining intelligence by intercepting various radio signals emitted by the enemy using radio technology equipment. Currently, the main types of radio reconnaissance technologies include radio listening, radio interception, and radio direction finding. In addition, its applications include reconnaissance of radio communication signals and reconnaissance of non-communication signals. The advantages of radio reconnaissance mainly include: long reconnaissance distance and wide coverage, and less susceptibility to natural conditions such as terrain, season, and climate.
[0003] Currently, most reconnaissance frequencies in existing technologies are fixed, primarily targeting communication frequencies such as radio stations, and their functions are relatively limited. In recent years, "low, slow, and small" drones have begun to appear in the public eye. These drones operate on diverse frequencies, including 433MHz, 902MHz-928MHz, 2400MHz-2483MHz, and 5725MHz-5850MHz. These drones typically fly at altitudes below 1500 meters, placing them within the low-altitude detection range. Furthermore, the customizable frequency settings of DIY drones make the need for radio reconnaissance targeting "low, slow, and small" drones even more urgent. Currently, most existing radio reconnaissance technologies utilize the AD9361 direct acquisition solution. However, when operating across the entire 30-6000MHz frequency band, radio reconnaissance takes a very long time to complete. Simultaneously, due to its narrow operating bandwidth and the need to consider filters at the front end, the AD9361 solution is relatively impractical.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a radio reconnaissance front-end radio frequency receiver that is simple in structure and reliable in detection. Utility Model Content
[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a radio frequency receiver for radio reconnaissance front-end. The technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:
[0006] A radio frequency receiver for radio reconnaissance front-end, connected to a receiving antenna, and acquiring the reconnaissance target signal collected by the receiving antenna, comprising:
[0007] A limiting and amplifying unit, connected to the receiving antenna, performs limiting and amplification processing on the target signal;
[0008] The switching filter unit is connected to the limiting amplification unit to perform segmented filtering on the amplified target signal to obtain a segmented filtered signal.
[0009] The conditioning and amplification unit is connected to the switching filter unit to adjust the power of the segmented filtered signal;
[0010] The switching filter unit includes a first RF switch SP5T and a second RF switch SP5T connected in sequence, and several first bandpass filters disposed between the first RF switch SP5T and the second RF switch SP5T.
[0011] Furthermore, the first bandpass filter is provided with five filters, and the filter frequency bands are 30-6000MHz, 30-450MHz, 902MHz-928MHz, 2400MHz-2483MHz and 5725MHz-5850MHz respectively.
[0012] Furthermore, the switching speed of the first RF switch SP5T and the second RF switch SP5T is <50ns, the loss is <1dB, the standing wave ratio is <1.2, and the isolation is greater than 40dB.
[0013] Furthermore, the limiting amplification unit includes a limiter, a first amplifier, and a first PI attenuator connected in sequence; the limiter is connected to the receiving antenna, and the first PI attenuator is connected to the first RF switch SP5T; the first PI attenuator performs standing wave matching for the first amplifier and adjusts the gain of the limiting amplification unit.
[0014] Furthermore, the limiting power of the limiter is 15dBm.
[0015] Furthermore, the conditioning and amplification unit includes a programmable attenuator, a second amplifier, a second PI attenuator, and a first low-pass filter connected in sequence; the programmable attenuator is connected to the second RF switch SP5T; the second PI attenuator performs standing wave matching for the second amplifier and adjusts the gain of the conditioning and amplification unit.
[0016] Furthermore, the first low-pass filter is DC-6000MHz.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] (1) This utility model sets up a limiting amplification unit, a switching filter unit, and a conditioning amplification unit. The receiving antenna collects the target signal, and the signal is limited and amplified by the limiting amplification unit. The amplified signal is then sent to the switching filter unit. After the switching filter unit filters the required frequency band, it is sent to the conditioning amplification unit for power adjustment and amplification filtering.
[0019] (2) In this utility model, a limiter is set in the limiting amplification unit, which is used to limit the power of the large radio frequency signal (i.e. the detection target signal) received by the receiving antenna; in addition, this embodiment uses the first amplifier to amplify the low power signal to ensure that the subsequent link can receive the signal normally.
[0020] (3) This utility model optimizes the standing wave coefficient at the output of the preamplifier by setting a first PI attenuator and a second PI attenuator, which are used to perform standing wave matching on the preamplifier and to adjust the gain of the entire link.
[0021] (4) This utility model sets up a first radio frequency switch SP5T, a first bandpass filter and a second radio frequency switch SP5T, and uses the first radio frequency switch SP5T and the second radio frequency switch SP5T to switch, so as to realize full-band detection of the 30-6000MHz path.
[0022] In summary, this utility model has the advantages of simple structure and reliable detection, and has high practical and promotional value in the field of radio reconnaissance technology. Attached Figure Description
[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of protection. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a gain test diagram of the direct link of this utility model.
[0026] Figure 3 This is a link gain test diagram of the bandpass filter of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments of this utility model include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0028] In this embodiment, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.
[0029] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this embodiment are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order of objects. For example, "first target object" and "second target object," etc., are used to distinguish different target objects, not to describe a specific order of target objects.
[0030] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.
[0031] In the description of the embodiments in this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. For example, multiple processing units means two or more processing units; multiple systems means two or more systems.
[0032] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a radio reconnaissance front-end RF receiver, which is connected to a receiving antenna and acquires the reconnaissance target signal collected by the receiving antenna. The device includes a limiting amplifier unit, a switching filter unit, a conditioning amplifier unit, and a power supply section. The power supply section uses conventional power and will not be described in detail here.
[0033] In this embodiment, the target signal is received by the receiving antenna and then enters the entire receiving link through the limiting amplification unit. After limiting and amplification, the target signal is sent to the subsequent switching filter unit. The two SP5Ts in the switching filter unit are controlled by a combination to poll each frequency band before switching to a full-band reconnaissance path of 30-6000MHz. After passing through the switching filter unit, the signal passes through the conditioning and amplification unit. In this embodiment, the reconnaissance of large and small signals is achieved by adjusting the attenuation of the programmable attenuator (large signal programmable attenuation is enabled, small signal programmable attenuation is enabled). The signal after passing through the programmable attenuator is then amplified by the second amplifier to prevent small signal input and avoid insufficient signal power sent to the subsequent signal processing stage. Subsequently, the first low-pass filter filters out some clutter signals exceeding 6000MHz to prevent signal interference.
[0034] The first part of this embodiment, the limiting and amplifying unit, includes a limiter, a first amplifier, and a first PI attenuator connected in sequence. The limiter is connected to the receiving antenna, and the first PI attenuator is connected to the first RF switch SP5T. Here, the limiter limits the power of the large RF signal (target detection signal) received by the external receiving antenna. The limiting power of the limiter is 15dBm, and the limited signal is sent to the subsequent link. The first amplifier amplifies the low-power signal to ensure that the subsequent link can receive the signal normally. The first amplifier is selected with high gain, low noise, and high output P-1 characteristics: gain > 19dB, VSWR < 2, noise figure < 2dB, and output P-1 > 19dBm. Finally, the first PI attenuator performs VSWR matching for the first amplifier and adjusts the gain of the limiting and amplifying unit.
[0035] The second part of this embodiment's switching filter unit includes a first RF switch SP5T and a second RF switch SP5T connected in sequence, and several first bandpass filters disposed between the first RF switch SP5T and the second RF switch SP5T. The switching speed of the first RF switch SP5T and the second RF switch SP5T is <50ns, the loss is <1dB, the standing wave ratio is <1.2, and the isolation is greater than 40dB.
[0036] In addition, the filtering frequency bands of the first bandpass filter in this embodiment are divided into 30-6000MHz, 30-450MHz, 902MHz-928MHz, 2400MHz-2483MHz and 5725MHz-5850MHz.
[0037] The third part, the conditioning and amplification unit of this embodiment, includes a programmable attenuator, a second amplifier, a second PI attenuator, and a first low-pass filter connected in sequence; the programmable attenuator is connected to a second RF switch SP5T. The second PI attenuator performs VSWR matching and gain adjustment for the second amplifier. Here, the first low-pass filter is used to filter out spurious and harmonic waves after the amplifier; it is selected as DC-6000MHz to ensure that the signal sent to the subsequent signal processing stage is below 6000MHz.
[0038] This embodiment specifically tests straight-through links and filtered links, such as... Figures 2 to 3 As shown in the figure, the spectral responses of each segmented filter and the direct link achieve the expected results. Furthermore, each segmented filter is flatter than the direct link, consistent with the excellent flatness characteristic of narrowband operation. Future consideration will be to add an equalizer to the direct link to optimize flatness for broadband operation.
[0039] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any changes made based on the design principles of this utility model, or any non-creative changes made on this basis, shall fall within the scope of protection of this utility model.
Claims
1. A radio frequency receiver for radio reconnaissance front-end, connected to a receiving antenna, and acquiring the reconnaissance target signal collected by the receiving antenna, characterized in that, include: A limiting and amplifying unit, connected to the receiving antenna, performs limiting and amplification processing on the target signal; The switching filter unit is connected to the limiting amplification unit to perform segmented filtering on the amplified target signal to obtain a segmented filtered signal. The conditioning and amplification unit is connected to the switching filter unit to adjust the power of the segmented filtered signal; The switching filter unit includes a first RF switch SP5T and a second RF switch SP5T connected in sequence, and several first bandpass filters disposed between the first RF switch SP5T and the second RF switch SP5T.
2. The radio reconnaissance front-end radio frequency receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first bandpass filter is configured with five filters, and the filter frequency bands are 30-6000MHz, 30-450MHz, 902MHz-928MHz, 2400MHz-2483MHz and 5725MHz-5850MHz respectively.
3. A radio reconnaissance front-end radio frequency receiver according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The switching speed of the first RF switch SP5T and the second RF switch SP5T is less than 50 ns, the loss is less than 1 dB, the standing wave ratio is less than 1.2, and the isolation is greater than 40 dB.
4. A radio reconnaissance front-end radio frequency receiver according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The limiting amplification unit includes a limiter, a first amplifier, and a first PI attenuator connected in sequence; the limiter is connected to the receiving antenna, and the first PI attenuator is connected to the first RF switch SP5T; the first PI attenuator performs standing wave matching for the first amplifier and adjusts the gain of the limiting amplification unit.
5. A radio reconnaissance front-end radio frequency receiver according to claim 4, characterized in that, The limiting power of the limiter is 15dBm.
6. A radio reconnaissance front-end radio frequency receiver according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The conditioning and amplification unit includes a programmable attenuator, a second amplifier, a second PI attenuator, and a first low-pass filter connected in sequence; the programmable attenuator is connected to a second RF switch SP5T; the second PI attenuator performs standing wave matching for the second amplifier and adjusts the gain of the conditioning and amplification unit.
7. A radio reconnaissance front-end radio frequency receiver according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first low-pass filter is DC-6000MHz.