Carbon sequestration type mangrove forest-based surrounding fishpond waterfowl high-tide-level habitat restoration system
By constructing a carbon-sequestration-based mangrove-based fishpond high tide habitat restoration system for waterbirds, the problems of insufficient scientific methods and low economic value in existing habitat restoration technologies have been solved, achieving ecological restoration with high carbon sequestration capacity and a significant improvement in habitat diversity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422836595.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-12
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for restoring bird habitats in mangrove-lined fishponds lack a holistic and scientific approach to diverse habitat restoration, neglect tidal regulation, have low economic value, poor practical operability, and have failed to be widely adopted.
A carbon-sequestering mangrove-based fishpond high tide habitat restoration system for waterbirds was constructed, including a dense, wind-blocking landscape isolation forest belt for land-based carbon sequestration, a target waterbird habitat area, a transitional sparse zone of mangroves near the sea, and a mangrove area. Tree belts, shrub belts, herb belts, and wetland plant belts were set up, and biochar pellet bags were buried to form a multi-layered natural community, regulate water depth and water level, and increase habitat diversity.
It significantly enhances the carbon sequestration capacity of vegetation, has remarkable restoration effects, and is applicable to the ecological restoration and transformation of fishponds in coastal mangrove forests. It is highly practical and feasible, improving both the ecological environment and economic benefits.
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Figure CN223653007U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to ecological environment protection technical field, especially a kind of carbon fixation type mangrove fish pond water bird high tide habitat restoration system. BACKGROUND
[0002] Coastal mangrove fish pond ecosystem main type including peripheral beach, mangrove, tertiary structure of fish pond, it is the main ecosystem structure mode of current coastal mangrove fish pond, beach is the main place of water bird foraging, mangrove is primary productivity, fish pond is high tide bird foraging and habitat.Because of social and economic development, large area mangrove is changed into fish pond, coastal forest is reduced in large area, biodiversity is sharply reduced, and the ecosystem of mangrove is severely threatened.At the same time, the fish pond formed by reforestation of deforestation, due to excessive breeding development and commercial utilization, the negative impact on environment is increasing, leading to dramatic deterioration of coastal zone ecological environment, there are problems such as water eutrophication, heavy metal pollution.
[0003] To solve the above problems and better protect the ecosystem of coastal forest fish pond.In recent years, various ways of restoration measures are carried out in many coastal areas around the world, and the restoration method of fish pond transformation as the habitat of birds, especially providing foraging habitat for birds such as curlew and snipe during high tide period, has positive ecological effect on bird protection.Planting mangrove through pond reclamation and forest restoration can increase the area and functional value of mangrove ecosystem, effectively promote the requirements of national mangrove nature reserve construction, and has important significance for ecological environment protection.
[0004] However, the current bird habitat restoration mode of mangrove fish pond, which considers the needs of birds, lacks overall scientific diversity habitat restoration technology, focuses on the construction and management of artificial wetlands, and ignores the tidal regulation function of natural wetlands, so the ecological environment and economic benefits need to be further improved.In addition, traditional fish pond transformation mostly considers mangrove restoration, aquatic organism conservation or landscape reconstruction, and the ecological restoration and conservation method of fish pond for birds and their habitat is insufficient, and the existing habitat restoration method less considers target water bird, and the demand analysis is relatively simple, lacks multi-target restoration method responding to the habits of various water birds, and has low economic value and poor practical operability, so it has not been widely implemented. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT
[0005] The utility model aims at solving one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent, for this purpose, the utility model provides a kind of carbon fixation type mangrove base pond water bird high tide habitat restoration system, fine restoration water bird habitat, construct high carbon fixation type's arbor-shrub-grass-wet-aquatic vegetation community, it is favorable to mangrove wetland diversity ecological environment restoration, significantly improve vegetation carbon sink capacity, especially applicable to the ecological restoration and reconstruction of coastal mangrove base pond, restoration effect is remarkable, and practical operability is strong.
[0006] The utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0007] The utility model provides a kind of carbon fixation type mangrove base pond water bird high tide habitat restoration system, comprising: from the land side to the ocean side setting in proper order by land carbon fixation type wind resistance tight landscape isolation forest belt, target water bird habitat, by sea mangrove transition sparse belt and mangrove area;By land carbon fixation type wind resistance tight landscape isolation forest belt from the land side to the ocean side is sequentially provided with arbor belt, first shrub belt, first herbaceous zone, hygrophyte zone, forms the multi-level natural community of gradual transition of terrestrial plant-hygrophyte, the by land carbon fixation type wind resistance tight landscape isolation forest belt is equipped with patrol path;Target water bird habitat includes 1 big water area base pond and 1-2 central light beach and several bare island shoal in the base pond;By sea mangrove transition sparse belt sets up mangrove associated vegetation;In the by land carbon fixation type wind resistance tight landscape isolation forest belt and the by sea mangrove transition sparse belt every 10m 2 Soil carbon sink area is formed by embedding agricultural and forestry waste biochar granule bag.
[0008] Further, the arbor belt is composed of 5-10 rows of arbor with 3m plant spacing and 3m row spacing;The first shrub belt is composed of 5-10 rows of shrub with 1.5m plant spacing and 1.5m row spacing;The first herbaceous zone has a width of 5-10m, and the hygrophyte zone has a width of 3-5m.
[0009] Optionally, the arbor belt selects tree species with close crown, wind resistance and strong carbon sequestration capacity for single planting or mixed planting, for example, one or more than two of Buddleja officinalis, Melia azedarach, Casuarina equisetifolia, Hibiscus mutabilis, Pandorea jasminoides, Dendrocalamus strictus, and Picrasma quassioides. The first shrub belt selects shrubs with many branches and lush branches and leaves for single planting or mixed planting, for example, one or more than two of Viburnum odoratissimum, Hibiscus syriacus, Lagerstroemia indica, Lantana camara, and Photinia frasertii. The first herb belt plants herbaceous plants, for example, one or more than two of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis, Arundinaria graminea, Alocasia macrorrhiza, Oxalis deppei. The wetland plant belt selects one or more than two of Cogongrass, Phragmites australis, Lythrum salicaria, and Pontederia cordata for mixed planting at the edge of the water area, with a vegetation coverage of 30-50%, which can provide a good shelter, habitat and breeding site for fish, waterfowl, amphibians and other animals, while avoiding hindering the vision of predators.
[0010] In some embodiments, the total width of the land-based carbon sequestration type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt is ≥30m, the width is determined by the row spacing and the number of rows, width=row spacing×(number of rows-1)+1.5×2; the height of the plant community is ≥3m, height=width / 3π; the earthwork slope of the land-based carbon sequestration type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt is ≥1m higher than the original ground surface, and naturally slopes into the water with a slope of ≤10:1.
[0011] In some embodiments, the water area of the base-enclosed fish pond is ≥2hm 2 , the area of the central bare beach is: 3000m 2 ≤area≤5000m 2 , the area of the bare island shoal is: 500m 2 ≤area≤2000m 2 , the distance from the central bare beach and the bare island shoal to the shore is ≥10m; naturally slopes into the water with a slope of ≤10:1.
[0012] In some embodiments, the base-enclosed fish pond is provided with a communication channel and a U-shaped deep water ditch, which connects the base-enclosed fish pond and the mangrove tidal ditch; the U-shaped deep water ditch is arranged around the pond, with a bottom width of 3-5m, a side wall slope of 30-45°, and a depth of 2m or more, depth=bottom width×tan(side wall slope), which can be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the site; the communication channel is provided with 2-5.
[0013] In some embodiments, the slope of the base-enclosed fish pond is 30-45°, and the pond bottom is trimmed to form a stepped pond bottom, which is divided into shoal area, shallow water area and deep water area from the water outlet to the water inlet, the depth of the shoal area is <0.3m, the area ratio is 20-30%, the depth of the shallow water area is 0.3-2m, the area ratio is 50-70%, and the depth of the deep water area is >2m, the area ratio is 10-20%.
[0014] In some embodiments, a water gate is arranged at the communication position between the base fish pond and the mangrove tidal creek, and the water gate has a width of 1.5-2 m.
[0015] In some embodiments, the stepped pond bottom is formed into stepped water depth regions with a depth of ≤5 cm (mainly meeting the habitat requirements of small and medium-sized shorebirds and small and medium-sized herons), 5 cm
[0016] In some embodiments, the patrol path is arranged around the pond and includes a vehicle path and a footpath, the vehicle path is arranged outside the land-based carbon fixation type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt, and the footpath is arranged at the bank, and the length of the footpath is not more than 2 km.
[0017] In some embodiments, the sea-facing mangrove transition permeable belt includes a second herb belt, a vine herb belt and a second shrub belt, the second herb belt is located on the sea-facing side, has a width of 10-50 m and a density of 1-2 clumps per 1 m 2 In some embodiments, the second herb belt is adjacent to the vine herb belt, the vine herb belt has a width of 50-80 m and a density of 1-3 clumps per 1 m 2 In some embodiments, the vine herb belt is decorated with bird-preferred plants, and 1-3 plants are planted per 100 m 2 In some embodiments, the distance between the vine herb belt and the second shrub belt is 2-3 m, the second shrub belt is planted with shrub plants, and the shrub plants are arranged at a plant spacing of 1-2 m and a row spacing of 1-2 m, and there are 3-6 rows of shrub plants.
[0018] In some embodiments, the second herb belt is planted with one or more than two of Sesuvium portulacastrum and Suaeda salsa, the vine herb belt is planted with one or more than two of Canavalia maritima, Entada phaseoloides, Distimake rostratus and Distimake latifolius, the second shrub belt is planted with one or more than two of Acanthus ilicifolius, Artocarpus lingua, Tamarix and Suriana maritima, and the bird-preferred plants are one or more than two of Excoecaria acida, Terminalia citrina and Suriana maritima.
[0019] In some embodiments, the area ratio of the central light beach, the base fish pond and the bare island beach in the target water bird habitat is controlled to be 20-40%, 40-50% and 20-30%.
[0020] The utility model has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
[0021] The solid carbon type mangrove enclosure fish pond water bird high tide habitat restoration system finely restores the water bird habitat, constructs the high solid carbon type tree-shrub-grass-wet-water plant community, is favorable for mangrove wetland diversity habitat restoration, significantly improves the vegetation carbon sink capacity, and is especially suitable for ecological restoration and reconstruction of the coastal mangrove enclosure fish pond, and has remarkable restoration effect and strong practical operability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present utility model will become apparent and be readily appreciated from the following description, referring to the drawings, of embodiments, in which:
[0023] Figure 1 is a plan view of the solid carbon type mangrove enclosure fish pond water bird high tide habitat restoration system.
[0024] Figure 2 is a sectional view of the solid carbon type mangrove enclosure fish pond water bird high tide habitat restoration system.
[0025] Figure 3 is a sectional view of the stepped pond bottom.
[0026] REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0027] 1, land solid carbon type wind blocking compact landscape isolation forest belt; 2, target water bird habitat; 21, enclosure fish pond; 22, central light beach; 23, bare island shoal; 24, U-shaped deep water ditch; 3, sea side mangrove transition permeable belt; 4, patrol path; 41, driveway; 42, footpath; 5, mangrove area; 6, mangrove tidal ditch; 7, water gate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present utility model, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present utility model.
[0029] In the description of the present utility model, it is understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present utility model.
[0030] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used herein only to describe various conditions, and should not be construed to refer to relative importance or to imply the number of the features being described. Thus, features with "first", "second" or "third" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.
[0031] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be broadly understood, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected or communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication or interaction relationship of two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0032] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature. The first and second features can be in direct contact, or the first and second features can be indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature "above", "above" and "above" the second feature can be the first feature directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" the second feature can be the first feature directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.
[0033] In the present application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present application, the illustrative description of the above terms is not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in the present application and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.
[0034] As Figures 1-2As shown, a carbon sequestration type of mangrove enclosure fish pond water bird high tide habitat restoration system comprises: a land-ward carbon sequestration type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt 1, a target water bird habitat area 2, a seaward mangrove transition sparse and porous belt 3, and a mangrove area 5 arranged in sequence from the land side to the ocean side; the land-ward carbon sequestration type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt 1 is provided with a tree belt, a first shrub belt, a first herb belt, and a wet plant belt in sequence from the land side to the ocean side, forming a multi-level natural community gradually transitioning from terrestrial plants to wet plants, and a patrol path 4 is provided on the land-ward carbon sequestration type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt 1; the target water bird habitat area 2 comprises a large water area of a base enclosure fish pond 21 and 1-2 central mudflats 22 and a plurality of bare island shoals 23 arranged in the base enclosure fish pond 21; the seaward mangrove transition sparse and porous belt 3 is provided with mangrove associated vegetation; every 10 m of the land-ward carbon sequestration type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt 1 and the seaward mangrove transition sparse and porous belt 3 is embedded with a bag of biochar particles of agricultural and forestry waste, forming a soil carbon sink area (beneficial to improving the carbon sequestration and sink capacity of the vegetation community). Optionally, before planting plants, the surface 30-60 cm soil layer is plowed and planted and 5 cm thick garden waste organic fertilizer is added for soil improvement. 2
[0035] 1. The land-ward carbon sequestration type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt
[0036] The land-ward carbon sequestration type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt arranged at the land-ward edge of the habitat water area can reduce the interference of urban noise, light sources, and human activities, while forming a multi-level natural community gradually transitioning from wet plants to terrestrial plants, improving the carbon sequestration and sink capacity of the vegetation community, and also providing food sources for different plant-eating birds and providing hiding spaces for birds of different sizes.
[0037] The tree belt of the land-ward carbon sequestration type wind-resistant compact landscape isolation forest belt 1 is composed of 5-10 rows of trees with a plant spacing of 3 m and a row spacing of 3 m; the first shrub belt is composed of 5-10 rows of shrubs with a row spacing of 1.5 m and a plant spacing of 1.5 m; the width of the first herb belt is 5-10 m, and the width of the wet plant belt is 3-5 m.
[0038] The tree belt should consist of single or mixed plantings of tree species with dense crowns, wind resistance, and strong carbon sequestration capabilities. Examples include *Michelia champaca*, *Melia azedarach*, *Casuarina equisetifolia*, *Hibiscus syriacus*, *Hibiscus syriacus*, *Phyllostachys nigra*, and *Phellodendron amurense*. The first shrub belt should consist of single or mixed plantings of shrubs with many branches and abundant foliage. Examples include single or mixed plantings of privet, hibiscus, *Heliotropium indicum*, *Loropetalum chinense*, and *Photinia serratifolia*. The first herbaceous belt should be planted with herbaceous plants, such as *Monstera deliciosa*, *Miscanthus sinensis*, *Alocasia macrorrhiza*, and *Oxalis corniculata*. The wetland plant belt should consist of single or mixed plantings of emergent plants such as *Syzygium serratum*, *Phragmites australis*, *Lythrum salicaria*, and *Thalia dealbata* along the water's edge, with a vegetation coverage of 30-50%. This provides excellent shelter, habitat, and breeding grounds for fish, waterfowl, and amphibians, while avoiding obstruction of vision and the presence of predators.
[0039] As an example, the tree belt is planted with casuarina, the first shrub belt with privet, the first herb belt with Monstera deliciosa, and the wetland belt with reeds.
[0040] As another example, the tree belt can be planted with a mixture of casuarina and hibiscus, the first shrub belt can be planted with a mixture of privet and hibiscus, the first herbaceous belt can be planted with a mixture of monstera and angelica, and the wetland plant belt can be planted with a mixture of reed and loosestrife.
[0041] The total width of the land-based carbon sequestration type windbreak dense landscape isolation forest belt is ≥30m. The width is determined by the row spacing and the number of rows. Width = row spacing × (number of rows - 1) + 1.5 × 2; the height of the plant community is ≥3m. Height = width / 3π; the earthwork slope should be ≥1m higher than the original ground surface and enter the water with a natural gentle slope of ≤10:1.
[0042] 2. Target waterbird habitat
[0043] Within the target waterbird habitat 2, the area proportions of the central bare beach 22, the fishpond 21, and the bare island shoal 23 are controlled at 20-40%, 40-50%, and 20-30%, respectively (exemplarily 30%, 45%, and 25% respectively). The fishpond 21 is a large fishpond that is transformed into a continuous water surface preferred by birds, with a water area of ≥2 hm². 2 .
[0044] Select 1-2 large central bare beaches on embankments and central dividing embankments lacking native vegetation or tall trees, extending the feeding shoreline and resting area. Utilize the earthwork generated by lowering the embankment to construct ≥3 (e.g., 4 or 5) small bare island shoals, setting different island shapes and elevations, ensuring a land area always above water. The area of the central bare beach 22 should be controlled between 3000-5000 m². 2 Between these areas, the area of the bare islands and shallow waters is controlled between 500-2000 m². 2The greater the distance between the bird habitat suitability index and the shore, the higher the bird habitat suitability index. The central sandbar 22 and the bare island shoal 23 are located more than 10 m away from the shore, and the natural slope with a slope of 1:10 is used to enter the water.
[0045] Further, the water body and land are combined into a relatively complete and water-land connected ecological system by laying deadwood, branches, roots, stone piles, plants, geotextile composite materials, and mesh gabions, and the meandering degree of the island shoreline is increased. The soil within 60 cm of the surface of the island is improved, and the slope bottom is stabilized by laying mud-filled bags.
[0046] The bottom of the enclosure fish pond 21 is provided with a communication channel and a U-shaped deep water ditch 24, which communicates the enclosure fish pond 21 and the mangrove tidal ditch 6, and realizes the exchange of materials and energy inside and outside the pond.
[0047] The U-shaped deep water ditch 24 is arranged around the pond to increase the water power condition in the pond and provide a suitable environment for fish, shrimp and benthic organisms. The bottom width is 3-5 m, the side wall slope is 30-45°, the depth is more than 2 m, and the depth = bottom width x tan(side wall slope). The specific conditions are adjusted according to the site conditions. The communication channel is excavated inside and outside the pond, and 2-5 communication channels are arranged. The bottom elevation of the water gate box is leveled with the bottom of the enclosure fish pond, which is convenient for completely draining the enclosure fish pond and improving the water quality by using natural tides.
[0048] The silt obtained by excavating the U-shaped deep water ditch around the pond, the communication channel and cleaning the silt in the tidal ditch outside the pond is used to trim the fish pond dike and extend the fish pond slope. The slope of the enclosure fish pond 21 is 30-45°, the pond bottom is trimmed to form a stepped pond bottom, and the shallow area, the shallow water area and the deep water area are divided from the water outlet to the water inlet. The depth of the shallow area is less than 0.3 m, the area ratio is 20-30%, the depth of the shallow water area is 0.3-2 m, the area ratio is 50-70%, and the depth of the deep water area is more than 2 m, the area ratio is 10-20%. As shown in Figure 3 .
[0049] For example, the area ratio of the shallow area is 25%, the area ratio of the shallow water area is 60%, and the area ratio of the deep water area is 15%.
[0050] For example, the stepped pond bottom forms a gradient water depth area with a depth of ≤5 cm (mainly to meet the habitat requirements of small and medium-sized herons and small and medium-sized egrets), 5 cm < depth ≤15 cm (habitat requirements of black-faced spoonbills and large herons), 15 cm < depth ≤30 cm (habitat requirements of large egrets), 30 cm < depth ≤1 m (habitat requirements of coots and cormorants), 1 m < depth ≤2 m (habitat requirements of diving ducks), and depth > 2 m (habitat requirements of fish) by regulating the water level (by regulating the water gate). The water level fluctuation range is 10-30 cm (convenient for nesting period), different water depth areas are formed to meet the water depth requirements of different water birds, the bird activity space is increased, and a diverse habitat is created.
[0051] Further, vegetation control patches are arranged on the central sandbar 22 and the bare island shallow 23, which mainly include thinning areas, cutting and clearing areas, migration areas and re-planting areas, so as to achieve the purposes of ensuring the open water view range required by birds, inhibiting the excessive growth of fast-growing plants and invasive plants to destroy the vegetation diversity and affect the carbon sink capacity of vegetation.
[0052] The height of the fast-growing and invasive tree species such as Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis on the embankment is controlled in the thinning area, and the overall tree height is controlled below 8 cm; in the growing season (July-August), the water level in the pond is adjusted to be flooded above 1 meter to control the growth of reed and other overgrown aquatic vegetation and fast-growing plants, and the coverage rate is controlled within 15%. In the cutting and clearing area, common invasive plants such as Leucaena leucocephala, Wedelia trilobata, Ipomoea cairica and Bidens pilosa are removed. In the migration area, native tree species are removed to the land or sea vegetation zone. In the shallow water area with small water flow velocity, a re-planting area is arranged at the bottom of the water, and submerged plants with economic and edible value are planted, which can be selected from Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gracilaria vermiculata and Sargassum thunbergii, and the coverage rate is less than 30%, which provides shelter and breeding sites for fish and meets the activities and foraging of rail birds.
[0053] 3. Seaside mangrove transition sparse and permeable zone
[0054] The seaside mangrove transition sparse and permeable zone 3 includes a second herbaceous zone, a vine zone and a second shrub zone. The second herbaceous zone is located on the seaside side, with a width of 10-50 m and a density of 1-2 clumps per 1 m 2 , and one or both of Sesuvium portulacastrum and Suaeda salsa can be selected; the second herbaceous zone is adjacent to the vine zone, the vine zone has a width of 50-80 m and a density of 1-3 clumps per 1 m 2 , and one or more of Canavalia maritima, Entada phaseoloides, Bauhinia aculeata and Bauhinia championii can be selected and randomly mixed; 1-3 plants per 100 m 2 are planted in the vine zone, and one or more of Simarouba glauca, Terminalia catappa and Excoecaria acida can be selected; the distance between the vine zone and the second shrub zone is 2-3 m; the second shrub zone is planted with shrub plants, with a plant spacing of 1-2 m and a row spacing of 1-2 m, and a total of 3-6 rows, and one or more of Acanthus ilicifolius, Melia toosendan, Tamarix and Artocarpus gregorii can be selected and planted alternately. The overall height of the mangrove associated vegetation in the seaside mangrove transition sparse and permeable zone does not exceed that in the mangrove zone.
[0055] 4. Patrol path
[0056] The patrol path 4 is arranged around the pond without crossing the core area of the target water bird habitat to reduce human disturbance; the patrol path 4 includes a driveway 41 and a footpath 42. The driveway 41 is arranged outside the land-bound carbon-fixing wind-blocking dense landscape isolation forest belt 1, and the footpath 42 is arranged at the embankment, with a length of not more than 2 km.
[0057] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be construed as limiting the present application, and those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A carbon sequestration mangrove-based enclosure fishpond waterfowl high-tide habitat restoration system characterized by: The land solid carbon type wind blocking tight landscape isolation forest belt has a soil pile slope higher than the original ground surface by greater than or equal to 1 m and enters water with a natural slope of less than or equal to 10:
1. The land-adjacent carbon-fixing wind-blocking dense landscape isolation forest belt, the target water bird habitat, the sea-adjacent mangrove transition sparse belt and the mangrove area are sequentially arranged from the land side to the sea side; the land-adjacent carbon-fixing wind-blocking dense landscape isolation forest belt is sequentially provided with a tree belt, a first shrub belt, a first herb belt and a wet plant belt from the land side to the sea side, so as to form a multi-level natural community gradually transitioning from terrestrial plants to wet plants, and a patrol path is arranged on the land-adjacent carbon-fixing wind-blocking dense landscape isolation forest belt; the target water bird habitat comprises a large water area of a base-enclosed fish pond and 1-2 central mudflats and a plurality of bare island shoals arranged in the base-enclosed fish pond; the sea-adjacent mangrove transition sparse belt is provided with mangrove associated vegetation; every 10 m 2 of the land-adjacent carbon-fixing wind-blocking dense landscape isolation forest belt and the sea-adjacent mangrove transition sparse belt is embedded with a bag of biochar particles of agricultural and forestry waste, so as to form a soil carbon sink area. The slope of the base-enclosed fish pond is 30-45°, and the bottom of the base-enclosed fish pond is a stepped pond bottom, which is divided into a shoal area, a shallow water area and a deep water area from the water outlet to the water inlet, the depth of the shoal area is less than 0.3 m, the area ratio is 20-30%, the depth of the shallow water area is 0.3-2 m, the area ratio is 50-70%, and the depth of the deep water area is greater than 2 m, and the area ratio is 10-20%. The base-enclosed fish pond is provided with a communication channel and a U-shaped deep water ditch, and the base-enclosed fish pond and the mangrove tidal ditch are communicated; the U-shaped deep water ditch is arranged around the pond, the bottom width is 3-5 m, the side wall slope is 30-45°, the depth is more than 2 m, and the depth=bottom width*tan(side wall slope); the communication channel is provided with 2-5 communication channels; The base-enclosed fish pond and the mangrove tidal ditch are communicated, and a water gate is arranged at the communication position, and the water gate is 1.5-2 m wide. The arbor belt is composed of 5-10 rows of arbor trees with a plant spacing of 3 m and a row spacing of 3 m; the first shrub belt is composed of 5-10 rows of shrubs with a row spacing of 1.5 m and a plant spacing of 1.5 m; the first herb belt has a width of 5-10 m, and the width of the hygrophyte belt is 3-5 m.
2. The carbon sequestration mangrove-based enclosure fishpond waterbird high-tide habitat restoration system of claim 1, wherein: The total width of the land solid carbon type wind blocking tight landscape isolation forest belt is greater than or equal to 30 m, the width=spacing(row number-1)+1.5*2; the height of the plant community is greater than or equal to 3 m, and the height=width / 3π.
3. The carbon-sequestering mangrove-based enclosure fishpond waterbird high-tide habitat restoration system of claim 1, wherein: The patrol road is arranged around the pond and includes a driveway and a footpath, the driveway is arranged outside the land solid carbon type wind blocking tight landscape isolation forest belt, and the footpath is arranged at the bank, and the length of the footpath is not more than 2 km.
4. The carbon-sequestering mangrove-based enclosure fishpond waterbird high-tide habitat restoration system of claim 1, wherein: The water area of the base fish pond is greater than or equal to 2hm 2 The area of the central light beach is 3000m 2 ≤ area ≤ 5000m 2 The area of the bare island shallow beach is 500m 2 ≤ area ≤ 2000m 2 The central light beach and the bare island shallow beach are greater than or equal to 10m away from the shore and enter the water through a natural slope with a slope of less than or equal to 10:
1.
5. The carbon-sequestering mangrove-based enclosure fishpond waterfowl high-tide habitat restoration system of claim 1, wherein: The area ratio of the central light beach, the base-enclosed fish pond and the bare island shoal in the target water bird habitat area is controlled to be 20-40%, 40-50% and 20-30%.
6. The carbon-sequestering mangrove-based enclosure fishpond waterfowl high-tide habitat restoration system of claim 1, wherein: The sea-adjacent mangrove transition zone comprises a second herb zone, a vine herb zone and a second shrub zone. 2 1-2 clusters are planted in the second herb zone; the second herb zone is adjacent to the vine herb zone, the vine herb zone has a width of 50-80 m and a density of 1-3 clusters per 1 m 2 1-3 clusters are planted in the vine herb zone, and bird-feeding plants are planted in the middle of the vine herb zone at a density of 1-3 plants per 100 m 2 1-3 clusters are planted in the vine herb zone, and bird-feeding plants are planted in the middle of the vine herb zone at a density of 1-3 plants per 100 m The distance between the vine herb zone and the second shrub zone is 2-3 m, the second shrub zone is planted with shrub plants, and the plant spacing and row spacing are 1-2 m and 1-2 m, respectively.
7. The carbon-sequestering mangrove-based enclosure fishpond waterfowl high-tide habitat restoration system of claim 1, wherein: