Multifunctional distribution transformer detection device based on gas olfaction

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multifunctional distribution transformer detection device based on gas olfaction, and belongs to the technical field of transformer tubular oil level gauges. According to the technical scheme, a LoRa transmitting module is electrically connected with all sensors, the oil level, the oil temperature, the temperature and humidity, the air pressure and the concentration of separated gas in the transformer are monitored in real time, and monitoring data are transmitted in real time through the LoRa transmitting module; the gas sensor is a gas olfaction sensor and is used for monitoring the concentration change of hydrogen and identifying potential faults. According to the utility model, the monitoring of the operating environment of the distribution transformer and the monitoring of the hydrogen separated out of the transformer oil are fused, and the collected data are sent to the user side through the LoRa infinite remote transmission technology, so that the working state of the transformer can be timely and accurately known and mastered; the detection device adopts an immersion type sensor, so that the space is saved, and the insulation performance of the distribution transformer is monitored on line.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a kind of multifunctional distribution transformer detection devices based on gas olfaction, especially a kind of distribution transformer oil on-line detection device with LoRa wireless remote transmission, belong to transformer tubular oil level gauge technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] The traditional float type transformer oil level gauge is a device for monitoring the oil level of a transformer, and its working principle is based on the cooperation of a liquid level sensor and an electronic control system. By measuring the change of the oil level inside the transformer, the transformer oil level gauge can monitor the oil level in real time, detect abnormalities in time and take appropriate protective measures. With the advancement of power distribution network automation and rural power grid transformation, the market size of distribution transformers exceeded 10 billion yuan in 2023. Traditional monitoring relies on preventive testing and regular maintenance, but the former requires power outage, and the latter is prone to "overhaul" or "under repair", wasting resources. Existing technologies using manual inspection have been unable to meet the demand, with information lag, unable to accurately grasp the transformer status in time. Accurate, real-time and efficient online monitoring system has become an urgent need to reduce faults and losses, enabling power departments to obtain transformer status in real time and take reasonable maintenance measures to ensure safe and stable operation of power grid.

[0003] Long-term abnormal operation of distribution transformer can cause insulation oil to crack due to high oil temperature or discharge fault, releasing H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6 and other characteristic gases. The traditional float type transformer oil level gauge only uses oil level gauge to prevent oil surface change caused by gas release. The distribution transformer monitoring usually uses preventive testing and regular maintenance methods to evaluate the transformer status to reduce the probability of transformer failure. Traditional manual transformer inspection has been unable to meet the transformer monitoring needs. Manual inspection method has a lag in discovering faults, and the number of distribution transformers is large, which consumes time and effort. The transformer information provided by manual inspection has a large lag, and cannot accurately understand and grasp the working status of the transformer in time, and cannot accurately and quickly identify and warn transformer failure. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0004] The utility model aims at providing a kind of multifunctional distribution transformer detection device based on gas olfaction, through the fusion of distribution transformer operating environment monitoring and hydrogen release monitoring in transformer oil, the collected electric signal is converted into digital signal, the collected data is sent to user end by LoRa infinite remote transmission technology, realizes the accurate understanding and grasp of the working status of transformer in time;Simple structure, low production cost, ensure that the transformer runs well during the insulation performance, carry out on-line monitoring to the insulation performance of distribution transformer, solve the above technical problems existing in prior art.

[0005] The technical scheme of the utility model is:

[0006] The utility model discloses a multifunctional detection device of gas smell based on transformer, contain pipe body, set up in the online monitoring module of pipe body bottom, set up the battery power module of battery power module and set up LoRa external transmitting antenna in the pipe body outer wall of pipe body top, the pipe body is hollow cylinder structure, the online monitoring module contains microcontrol unit MCU, and the oil level sensor and oil temperature sensor of immersion type are arranged below the online monitoring module, and the non-immersion type temperature and humidity sensor, baroceptor and gas sensor are arranged in the pipe body above the online monitoring module, and the low -power circuit board and LoRa transmitting module are arranged in the pipe body between the online monitoring module and battery power module, the battery power module provides power, and the LoRa transmitting module is connected with LoRa external transmitting antenna through wired connection, and the online monitoring module is electrically connected with each sensor, and each sensor contains oil level sensor, oil temperature sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, baroceptor and gas sensor, the LoRa transmitting module is electrically connected with each sensor respectively, and the oil level, oil temperature, temperature and humidity, barometric pressure and the concentration of the gas that precipitates in the transformer are monitored in real time, and the monitoring data is transmitted in real time through LoRa transmitting module, the gas sensor is gas smell sensor, and the concentration change of hydrogen is monitored, and potential failure is identified.

[0007] The battery power module contains intermittent switching power supply and uninterrupted switching power supply, each sensor is powered through intermittent switching power supply, intermittent switching power supply works, and each sensor is powered on and runs, intermittent switching power supply stops working, and each sensor is powered off to reduce power consumption, and uninterrupted switching power supply always maintains the power supply of microcontrol unit MCU.

[0008] The battery power module is located at the top of the pipe body in the utility model, which ensures that the overall structure of the device is compact and easy to maintain.

[0009] The pipe body is connected with the online monitoring module and each sensor through a sealing interface in the utility model, which ensures that the internal electronic components are not disturbed by the external environment (such as high temperature and high humidity).

[0010] The bottom of the pipe body is provided with an external thread, which is matched with the internal thread of the mounting hole on the transformer oil tank, so that the installation is facilitated. The detection device is also called an intelligent oil level gauge, and no moving parts are needed. Only the oil level sensor and the oil temperature sensor below need to be immersed in the liquid to be measured. The size of the equipment can be significantly reduced, and the space is saved.

[0011] The online monitoring module is electrically connected with each sensor, and the LoRa transmitting module is integrated with the online monitoring module, when each sensor (including an oil level sensor, an oil temperature sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor and a gas sensor) monitors the oil level, temperature, humidity, air pressure and gas concentration in the power distribution transformer, the parameter change can be determined, and the change amount is transmitted to the LoRa transmitting module in real time, and the LoRa transmitting module transmits the monitoring data wirelessly to the user's upper computer monitoring software through the LoRa external transmitting antenna; the LoRa transmitting module is electrically connected with the oil level sensor, the oil temperature sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor, the air pressure sensor and the gas sensor respectively, the oil level, the oil temperature, the temperature and humidity, the air pressure and the gas concentration in the transformer are monitored in real time, and the monitoring data is transmitted in real time through the LoRa transmitting module.

[0012] The oil level sensor and the oil temperature sensor are installed at the bottom of the device and extend into the oil; the temperature and humidity sensor and the air pressure sensor are arranged near the online monitoring module to monitor the environmental parameters; and the gas sensor can be suspended in the pipe body and close to the oil-gas interface to detect the generated gas.

[0013] The specific types of the sensors in the utility model are as follows: the oil temperature sensor adopts a thermocouple or a thermistor, and the gas sensor adopts an electrochemical sensor or an infrared sensor; the air pressure sensor is a high-precision pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure change caused by the internal environmental change (such as gas generation or oil fluctuation) of the power distribution transformer; and the gas sensor is a gas olfactory sensor for monitoring the concentration change of hydrogen gas to identify potential faults.

[0014] The utility model is installed on the power distribution transformer, the oil level sensor and the oil temperature sensor directly extend into the oil in the transformer to monitor the oil level and oil temperature information in real time; the upper part of the pipe body is exposed outside, a battery power supply module and a LoRa external transmitting antenna are arranged to support the operation of the whole machine and the long-distance data transmission; in the normal working state, the online monitoring module collects the data of each sensor, and the micro control unit of the online monitoring module converts the analog signal into a digital signal, which is transmitted to the user end through the LoRa transmitting module, and the user can check the running state of the transformer in real time in the monitoring room.

[0015] The utility model discloses a beneficial effect is: through distribution transformer operation environment monitoring and the hydrogen gas monitoring of the emergence in transformer oil fusion, the digital signal of the electric signal of collection is converted, through LoRa infinite far away transmission technology will the data of collection send to user end, realize the accurate understanding and grasp of the working condition of transformer in time, detection device (also called intelligent oil level meter) adopts the immersion type sensor, only needs to immerse the sensor in the liquid to be measured, and the size of equipment is reduced significantly, and the space is saved, with simple structure, low in production cost's characteristics, ensure that the insulation performance is good during the operation of transformer, carry out the on -line monitoring to the insulation performance of distribution transformer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is structure schematic drawing for the utility model embodiment;

[0017] Figure 2 It is work flow chart for the utility model embodiment;

[0018] Figure 3 It is low power consumption circuit board flow schematic drawing for the utility model embodiment;

[0019] Figure 4 It is low power consumption circuit board's intermittent switching power supply schematic drawing for the utility model embodiment;

[0020] Figure 5 It is low power consumption circuit board's uninterrupted switching power supply schematic drawing for the utility model embodiment;

[0021] In the drawing: on -line monitoring module 1, oil level sensor 2, oil temperature sensor 3, temperature and humidity sensor 4, air pressure sensor 5, gas sensor 6, low power consumption circuit board 7, LoRa emission module 8, battery power supply module 9, LoRa external emission antenna 10, pipe body 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The utility model is further described through examples in conjunction with the drawings.

[0023] The utility model provides a kind of multifunctional distribution detection device based on gas olfactory, including pipe body 11, the online monitoring module 1 being arranged at the bottom of pipe body 11, battery power supply module 9 being arranged at the top of pipe body 11 and LoRa external transmitting antenna 10 being arranged on the outer wall of pipe body 11;Pipe body is hollow cylindrical structure, the online monitoring module 1 includes micro control unit MCU, immersion type oil level sensor 2 and oil temperature sensor 3 are arranged below the online monitoring module 1, non-immersion type temperature and humidity sensor 4, air pressure sensor 5 and gas sensor 6 are arranged in the pipe body 11 above the online monitoring module 1, low-power circuit board 7 and LoRa transmitting module 8 are arranged in the pipe body 11 between the online monitoring module 1 and battery power supply module 9;The battery power supply module 9 provides power, and LoRa transmitting module 8 is connected with LoRa external transmitting antenna 10 by wire;Online monitoring module 1 is electrically connected with each sensor, and each sensor includes oil level sensor 2, oil temperature sensor 3, temperature and humidity sensor 4, air pressure sensor 5 and gas sensor 6, and LoRa transmitting module 8 is electrically connected with each sensor respectively, the oil level, oil temperature, temperature and humidity, air pressure and gas concentration in the transformer are monitored in real time, and monitoring data is transmitted in real time by LoRa transmitting module 8;The gas sensor 6 is gas olfactory sensor, monitors the concentration change of hydrogen, and identifies potential failure.

[0024] The battery power supply module includes intermittent switching power supply and uninterrupted switching power supply, each sensor is powered by intermittent switching power supply, intermittent switching power supply works, and each sensor is powered on and runs;Intermittent switching power supply stops working, and each sensor is powered off to reduce power consumption;The uninterrupted switching power supply always maintains the power supply of micro control unit MCU.

[0025] The online monitoring module 1 wirelessly transmits each sensor signal collected to LoRa receiving end of monitoring room by LoRa transmitting module 8, and the data is displayed after being received by upper computer;Through LoRa long-distance wireless communication scheme, the problem of signal long-distance transmission is solved.

[0026] The low-power circuit board 7 includes a low-power and EMC circuit board, replacing a battery at least once to meet the use of one year and solve the electromagnetic compatibility problem of the online monitoring module. The low-power circuit board is a circuit for controlling the intermittent switching power supply and uninterrupted switching power supply of the battery-powered module 9, and the power supply of each sensor is managed by the intermittent switching power supply. When the intermittent switching power supply works, each sensor (such as the oil level sensor 2, the oil temperature sensor 3, the temperature and humidity sensor 4, the air pressure sensor 5, and the gas sensor 6) is powered on and runs; when the intermittent switching power supply stops working, the sensor is powered off to reduce power consumption. The intermittent switching power supply is controlled by the micro control unit (MCU) in the online monitoring module 1. In order to ensure the continuous operation of the micro control unit MCU, an uninterrupted switching power supply is needed to maintain the power supply of the micro control unit MCU at all times. By optimizing the power management, the service life of the battery-powered module 9 is prolonged, thereby realizing long-time stable operation under low-power condition. The above control circuit is well known in the art.

[0027] The EMC circuit board: the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in the utility model refers to the ability of the device to normally operate in an electromagnetic environment and not to produce unacceptable electromagnetic interference to the surrounding devices. The EMC circuit board effectively prevents the circuit from being disturbed by external interference such as lightning overvoltage and electromagnetic wave interference, thereby ensuring the reliability of the detection device in harsh working environment. The above control circuit is well known in the art.

[0028] In order to avoid interference between the battery-powered module 9 and other components on the distribution transformer body, affecting use and installation, the battery-powered module 9 in the utility model is located at the top of the pipe body 11, ensuring that the overall structure of the device is compact and easy to maintain.

[0029] In order to facilitate connection and ensure the sealing and stability of the device in complex environment, the pipe body 11 is connected to the online monitoring module 1 and each sensor through a sealing interface, ensuring that the internal electronic components are not disturbed by the external environment (such as high temperature and high humidity).

[0030] The pipe body 11 is provided with an external thread at the bottom, which matches with the internal thread of the mounting hole on the transformer oil tank, facilitating installation. The detection device of the utility model is also called an intelligent oil level meter, without moving parts, only the lower oil level sensor 2 and oil temperature sensor 3 need to be immersed in the measured liquid. The size of the device can be significantly reduced, saving space.

[0031] The online monitoring module 1 is electrically connected with each sensor, and the LoRa transmitting module 8 is integrated with the online monitoring module 1, when each sensor (including the oil level sensor 2, the oil temperature sensor 3, the temperature and humidity sensor 4, the air pressure sensor 5 and the gas sensor 6) monitors the oil level, temperature, humidity, air pressure and gas concentration in the power distribution transformer, the change of parameters can be determined, and the change amount is transmitted to the LoRa transmitting module 8 in real time, the LoRa transmitting module 8 transmits the monitoring data to the user's upper computer monitoring software wirelessly through the LoRa external transmitting antenna 10; the LoRa transmitting module 8 is electrically connected with the oil level sensor 2, the oil temperature sensor 3, the temperature and humidity sensor 4, the air pressure sensor 5 and the gas sensor 6 respectively, the oil level, oil temperature, temperature and humidity, air pressure and gas concentration in the transformer are monitored in real time, and the monitoring data is transmitted in real time through the LoRa transmitting module 8.

[0032] The oil level sensor 2 and the oil temperature sensor 3 are installed at the bottom and extend into the oil; the temperature and humidity sensor 4 and the air pressure sensor 5 are arranged near the online monitoring module 1 to monitor the environmental parameters; and the gas sensor 6 is suspended in the device and close to the oil-gas interface to detect the generated gas.

[0033] Each sensor adopts a wired or wireless connection mode.

[0034] The oil temperature sensor 3 adopts a thermocouple or a thermistor, the gas sensor 6 adopts an electrochemical sensor or an infrared sensor, the air pressure sensor 5 is a high-precision pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure change caused by the internal environmental change (such as gas generation or oil fluctuation) of the power distribution transformer, and the gas sensor 6 is a gas olfactory sensor for monitoring the concentration change of hydrogen gas to identify potential faults.

[0035] The utility model is installed on the power distribution transformer, the oil level sensor 2 and the oil temperature sensor 3 directly extend into the oil in the transformer, and the oil level and oil temperature information are monitored in real time; the upper part of the pipe body is exposed outside, the battery power supply module 9 and the LoRa external transmitting antenna 10 are arranged to support the operation of the whole machine and the long-distance transmission of data; in the normal working state, the online monitoring module 1 collects the data of each sensor, and the analog signal is converted into a digital signal through the micro control unit of the online monitoring module 1, and is transmitted to the user end through the LoRa transmitting module 8, so that the user can check the running state of the transformer in real time in the monitoring room.

[0036] The low-power circuit board 7 accurately controls the on-off of each sensor; the battery power supply module 9 includes an intermittent switching power supply and a non-interrupted switching power supply, the power supply of each sensor is managed by the intermittent switching power supply, each sensor is powered on and operated when the intermittent switching power supply works, and each sensor is powered off to reduce power consumption when the intermittent switching power supply stops working.

[0037] The intermittent switching power supply is controlled by a micro control unit (MCU) in the online monitoring module 1; the uninterrupted switching power supply always maintains the power supply of the micro control unit MCU.

[0038] In the embodiment, the program flow of the low-power circuit board 7 is shown in the attached Figure 3 , and the specific description is as follows:

[0039] Program startup (start): system initialization, enter low-power working mode;

[0040] Timing wake-up detection: the MCU performs timing wake-up through the real-time clock (RTC) module, checks whether it needs to perform data collection of various sensors;

[0041] Determine whether the RTC wake-up time is reached: if the RTC time is not reached (N), the program enters the sleep mode, and the MCU and the related sensors remain in the power-off state to reduce power consumption; if the RTC time is reached (Y), the next step is entered;

[0042] Enter normal working mode: the MCU controls the EN pin of the switching power supply to be high through the GPIO pin, enables the switching power supply, powers on the oil level sensor 2, the oil temperature sensor 3, the temperature and humidity sensor 4, the air pressure sensor 5, and the gas sensor 6, starts data collection and processing;

[0043] Perform sensor data collection and processing: each sensor collects the oil level, oil temperature, temperature and humidity, air pressure, and gas concentration data inside the transformer substation, the MCU processes the data and transmits the data through the LoRa transmission module 8;

[0044] Sleep after completing data transmission: after completing data transmission, the MCU controls the EN pin of the switching power supply to be low through the GPIO pin, closes the sensor power supply, and makes it power off to enter the low-power state; at the same time, the MCU itself enters the sleep mode, only the low-power timing function of the RTC module is reserved, and waits for the next timing wake-up;

[0045] Loop execution: the program continuously loops the above process to ensure that the power consumption is reduced to the maximum extent under the uninterrupted monitoring requirement; through this design, the service life of the battery power supply module 9 is significantly prolonged, which is suitable for the monitoring scene of the transformer substation for a long time without human attendance.

[0046] In an embodiment, the air pressure sensor adopts a BMP180 air pressure sensor, with a range of 300 to 1100 hPa. It also has a temperature detection function, which can be used to detect the temperature of the gas above the oil surface, with a range of -40°C to 85°C and an accuracy of ±1°C. The temperature and humidity sensor is model SHT35, with a range of 0-100% RH and an accuracy of ±3% RH. The humidity-sensitive resistor is characterized by a film made of humidity-sensing material on the substrate. When water vapor in the air is adsorbed on the humidity-sensing film, the resistivity and resistance value of the element change. By using this characteristic, the humidity can be measured. In addition, the relative humidity of the gas depends largely on the temperature. Therefore, when measuring humidity, the humidity sensor should be operated at the same temperature as possible.

[0047] The oil level sensor adopts an immersed capacitive sensing, and the change of the oil level causes the change of the plate capacitance. FDC1004 chip is used for driving, with a range of 100 mm and an accuracy of ±0.5 mm. In order to ensure the accuracy of the capacitive value measurement, electromagnetic shielding wires are added around the PCB traces to prevent the interference of the electrical signal.

[0048] The oil temperature sensor adopts a MAX6675 thermocouple sensor. Its principle is that two conductors of different compositions are joined to form a loop. When the hot end and the cold end have different temperatures, a thermoelectric electromotive force will be generated in the loop due to the thermoelectric effect.

[0049] The gas sensor, H2 is the most important characteristic gas when the transformer fails. According to its concentration and gas production rate, the running state of the distribution transformer can be effectively judged. The solubility and diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in transformer oil are relatively low, and when hydrogen is produced, it will float in the oil and form small bubbles. When a fault occurs, the generated hydrogen gas gathers above the oil level meter, and by installing a hydrogen gas sensor to monitor the hydrogen gas produced in the oil, the type of transformer internal fault can be simply determined. The gas sensor is used to detect the decomposition gas products of the transformer oil. Taking hydrogen as an example, it meets the following indicators: hydrogen within 500 ppm with an accuracy of ±50 ppm, within 1000 ppm with an accuracy of ±100 ppm, and within 2000 ppm with an accuracy of ±200 ppm.

[0050] The embodiment adopts LORA communication. LoRa technology is a long-range wireless communication solution that has been widely used in the Internet of Things field. It can provide low-power data transmission function in a wide geographical range. LoRa and its network protocol LoRaWAN jointly support the connection between Internet of Things devices and the Internet without the high-energy consumption of traditional mobile networks.

[0051] The battery-powered module 9 is powered by a battery, model ER34615, which requires a low-power design for the sensors to last at least a year on a single battery change. This requires a low-power design for the oil level gauge. The basic parameters of the battery are shown in the following table. If two batteries are connected in parallel and each battery has two cells connected in series to form a battery pack, the average power limit of the device is 40mW, and its operating time T (in days) can be estimated as 427.5.

[0052] Referring to the accompanying Figure 3 , 4 , 5, the low-power circuit board: the power-on and power-off of each sensor are precisely controlled, and the power supply of each sensor is managed by the EN pin of the intermittent switching power supply. When the EN pin is high, the intermittent switching power supply works, and each sensor (such as the oil level sensor 2, the oil temperature sensor 3, the temperature and humidity sensor 4, the air pressure sensor 5, and the gas sensor 6) is powered on and runs; when the EN pin is low, the intermittent switching power supply stops working, and the sensor is powered off to reduce power consumption. The level state of the EN pin is controlled by the GPIO pin of the micro control unit (MCU) in the online monitoring module 1. To ensure the continuous operation of the MCU, an uninterrupted switching power supply is needed to maintain the power supply of the MCU at all times. By optimizing the power management, the service life of the battery-powered module 9 is extended, thereby achieving long-term stable operation under low-power conditions.

[0053] The EMC circuit board: the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in the utility model refers to the ability of the device to operate normally in an electromagnetic environment and not to produce unacceptable electromagnetic interference to the surrounding devices. The EMC circuit effectively prevents the circuit from being disturbed by external interference, such as lightning overvoltage, electromagnetic wave interference, etc., thereby ensuring the reliability of the detection device in harsh working environments. Even in the case of lightning or other overvoltage, the EMC design can protect the internal electronic components (such as the sensor module and the online monitoring module 1) from damage, ensuring the stability and safety of the device.

[0054] The prior art float-type transformer oil level gauge drives the float rod to move when the float rises, which requires the oil level gauge to have sufficient displacement space to accommodate the movement of the float. Therefore, it usually requires a long installation space. The utility model does not need to move parts, only needs to immerse the sensor in the liquid to be measured, so that the size of the device can be significantly reduced, thereby saving space.

[0055] Referring to the accompanying Figure 2, oil level sensor 2, air pressure sensor 5 and temperature and humidity sensor 4 and micro control unit (MCU) using IIC connection, IIC (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is IICBus abbreviation, Chinese called integrated circuit bus, it is a kind of serial communication bus. Oil temperature sensor 3 and micro control unit (MCU) using SPI connection, SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) bus is synchronous serial interface. Gas sensor 6 and micro control unit (MCU) using ADC connection, ADC is mobile ADC, is the abbreviation of Application data center, is the evolution of the combination of ASP mode and IDC business, is a mobile information product service launched by China Mobile.

[0056] LoRa transmitting module 8 and the receiving module of host computer through LORA connection, LoRa is semtech company develops a kind of low power consumption local area network wireless standard, its name "LoRa" is long range radio (Long Range Radio), its maximum feature is in the same power consumption conditions than other wireless way propagates the distance farther, realizes the unification of low power consumption and long distance, it is 3-5 times larger than traditional wireless radio frequency communication distance under the same power consumption.

[0057] The receiving module of host computer and host computer through USART connection, USART is a full duplex general synchronous / asynchronous serial transceiver module, the interface is a highly flexible serial communication device.

Claims

1. A multifunctional distribution transformer detection device based on gas olfaction, characterized in that: The system includes a tube body (11), an online monitoring module (1) located at the bottom of the tube body (11), a battery power supply module (9) located at the top of the tube body (11), and a LoRa external transmitting antenna (10) located on the outer wall of the tube body (11). The tube body is a hollow cylindrical structure. The online monitoring module (1) includes a microcontroller unit (MCU). An immersion oil level sensor (2) and an oil temperature sensor (3) are located below the online monitoring module (1). A non-immersion temperature and humidity sensor (4), a pressure sensor (5), and a gas sensor (6) are located inside the tube body (11) above the online monitoring module (1). A low-power circuit board is located inside the tube body (11) between the online monitoring module (1) and the battery power supply module (9). 7) and LoRa transmitting module (8); the battery power supply module (9) provides power, and the LoRa transmitting module (8) is connected to the LoRa external transmitting antenna (10) via wire; the online monitoring module (1) is electrically connected to each sensor, and each sensor includes an oil level sensor (2), an oil temperature sensor (3), a temperature and humidity sensor (4), an air pressure sensor (5), and a gas sensor (6). The LoRa transmitting module (8) is electrically connected to each sensor respectively to monitor the oil level, oil temperature, temperature and humidity, air pressure, and concentration of precipitated gas inside the transformer in real time, and transmits the monitoring data in real time through the LoRa transmitting module (8); the gas sensor (6) is a gas olfactory sensor.

2. The multifunctional distribution transformer detection device based on gas olfaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery-powered module includes an intermittent switching power supply and an uninterruptible switching power supply. Each sensor is powered by the intermittent switching power supply, while the uninterruptible switching power supply always maintains the power supply to the microcontroller unit (MCU).

3. A multifunctional distribution transformer detection device based on gas olfaction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The oil level sensor (2) and oil temperature sensor (3) are installed at the bottom and extend into the oil; the temperature and humidity sensor (4) and air pressure sensor (5) are located near the online monitoring module (1); the gas sensor (6) is suspended inside the pipe.

4. A multifunctional distribution transformer detection device based on gas olfaction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The oil temperature sensor (3) is a thermocouple or a thermistor, the gas sensor (6) is an electrochemical sensor or an infrared sensor, and the pressure sensor (5) is a high-precision pressure sensor.

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