Photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring device for grassland in arid region

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of photovoltaic park microhabitat sensing technical equipment, and discloses a photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring device for grassland in an arid area. Aiming at micro-ecological environments inside and outside the photovoltaic park, the device can quantitatively identify near-surface solar short-wave radiation, total radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature and humidity, wind speed and wind direction, rainfall, evapotranspiration, soil temperature and humidity and carbon-water flux changes caused by construction and operation of the photovoltaic park; meanwhile, full-time high-precision vegetation monitoring is carried out in combination with a phenological camera, and adaptive succession characteristics of vegetation to the disturbed habitat of the photovoltaic park are quantified. According to the utility model, by observing organisms / meteorology, water vapor flux and vegetation phenology inside and outside the photovoltaic park in real time, the influence of the photovoltaic park on a local microhabitat and the adaptive succession of surface vegetation on a disturbed microhabitat are quantitatively explored, and the suitability of the photovoltaic park is objectively evaluated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to photovoltaic park microhabitat sensing technology equipment field discloses a kind of arid region grassland photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring devices. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the construction, operation of photovoltaic park (photovoltaic solar power generation park) in desert, gobi and desert grassland, its influence on local micro-ecological environment needs to be concerned, and it is of practical significance to quantitatively evaluate the impact of large-scale photovoltaic park construction and operation on the original ecological environment, guide the sustainable development of solar energy resources in arid regions, and promote the high-quality development of ecological construction in arid regions.

[0003] Chinese patent: application publication number: CN 114915029 A, application publication date: 2022.08.16, discloses a distributed photovoltaic power station remote online intelligent monitoring platform, proposes a virtual reality multi-dimensional information real-time correlation mapping technology, a panoramic visual operation and management platform integrating information collection, state sensing, operation and maintenance control, and realizes real-time monitoring of distributed photovoltaic power stations. However, the above-mentioned technology cannot monitor the microhabitat of desert, gobi and desert photovoltaic park, especially the elements such as near-surface energy transmission and material circulation, and cannot meet the quantitative identification of changes in near-surface solar shortwave radiation, total radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil temperature and humidity and carbon and water flux caused by photovoltaic park construction and operation. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] To overcome the problems in the related art, the utility model discloses an arid region grassland photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring device. Specifically, it relates to an arid region desert, gobi and desert grassland photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring device.

[0005] The technical solution is as follows: an arid region grassland photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring device is provided with a fence, which is installed between the grassland inside and outside the photovoltaic park. A photovoltaic array is erected in the grassland inside and outside the photovoltaic park. The grassland inside and outside the photovoltaic park is installed with a grassland photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring structure for quantitative monitoring and evaluation of the disturbance of photovoltaic park to local microhabitat.

[0006] The grassland photovoltaic energy flow monitoring structure comprises a biometeorological vortex correlation monitoring system installed on the ground of the grassland in the photovoltaic park or the grassland outside the photovoltaic park; the biometeorological vortex correlation monitoring system comprises a main support; a plurality of auxiliary supports are installed on the main support, and biometeorological and water vapor flux sensors are carried on different auxiliary support parts to carry out microhabitat observation in the photovoltaic park, outside the photovoltaic park and different positions of the photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic park.

[0007] Further, the biometeorological vortex correlation monitoring system further comprises:

[0008] A data collector is located in a data acquisition box, and the data acquisition box is installed on the lower part of the main support through fixing screws; the data collector is connected with a wireless transmission antenna outside the data acquisition box, and the data collector is connected with the energy transmission sensor or the biometeorological sensor through a signal.

[0009] Further, the energy transmission sensor comprises:

[0010] A net radiation sensor is installed on the auxiliary support and connected with the data collector, and is used for monitoring the net radiation values of the near-surface and the photovoltaic array board below and on the board;

[0011] A total radiation sensor is installed on the auxiliary support and connected with the data collector, and is used for monitoring the shortwave radiation values of the near-surface and the photovoltaic array board below and on the board;

[0012] A photosynthetically active radiation sensor is installed on the auxiliary support and connected with the data collector, and is used for monitoring the photosynthetically active radiation values of the near-surface and the photovoltaic array board below and on the board;

[0013] A long-wave radiation sensor is installed on the auxiliary support and connected with the data collector, and is used for monitoring the long-wave radiation values of the near-surface and the photovoltaic array board below and on the board;

[0014] A soil sensor is connected with the data collector and is used for monitoring soil heat conduction data and temperature and humidity data.

[0015] Further, the soil sensor comprises:

[0016] A soil heat flux plate is connected with the data collector and is used for obtaining energy balance of soil and heat conduction data of soil layers;

[0017] A soil temperature sensor is connected with the data collector and is used for monitoring soil temperature;

[0018] A soil humidity sensor is connected with the data collector and is used for monitoring soil humidity.

[0019] Further, the biometeorological sensor comprises:

[0020] An air temperature and humidity sensor is installed on the auxiliary support and connected with the data collector, and is used for monitoring air temperature and humidity data.

[0021] A wind speed and direction sensor is installed on the auxiliary support and connected with the data collector, and is used for monitoring near-surface air wind speed and direction data.

[0022] Rainfall bucket sensors are respectively installed on the ground surface outside the photovoltaic park, the eaves in front of the photovoltaic array, the ground surface between the photovoltaic array and the ground surface, and the ground surface between the photovoltaic array and the ground surface, and are connected with the data collector, and are used for monitoring atmospheric precipitation and its photovoltaic park disturbance precipitation data.

[0023] A ground surface evaporation sensor is installed on the ground surface outside the photovoltaic park, the eaves in front of the photovoltaic array, the ground surface between the photovoltaic array and the ground surface, and the ground surface between the photovoltaic array and the ground surface, and is connected with the data collector, and is used for monitoring ground surface evaporation data.

[0024] Further, the biological meteorological vorticity related monitoring system further comprises a phenology camera installed in the middle part of the main support, wherein the phenology camera can rotate horizontally by 360 degrees and flip vertically by 90 degrees, so as to realize data collection and transmission of monitoring images.

[0025] Further, the biological meteorological vorticity related monitoring system further comprises a carbon and water flux sensor and a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, both of which are installed on the auxiliary support and are connected with the data collector; and the carbon dioxide flux and the water vapor flux inside and outside the photovoltaic park are monitored in real time.

[0026] Further, a lightning rod is installed on the top of the main support, and is used for protecting the device from lightning.

[0027] Further, the photovoltaic array comprises a photovoltaic module for converting solar energy into electric energy or storing the electric energy in a storage battery or driving a load to work; and the bottom of the photovoltaic module is fixed on the pile foundation through a stand.

[0028] In combination with all the above technical solutions, the biological meteorological vorticity related monitoring system has the following beneficial effects: the device can quantitatively identify the changes of near-surface solar shortwave radiation, total radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil temperature and humidity and carbon and water flux caused by the construction and operation of the photovoltaic park; at the same time, the device can carry out high-precision vegetation monitoring in all time periods in combination with the phenology camera, and quantitatively identify the adaptability of the vegetation to the disturbed habitat of the photovoltaic park.

[0029] In view of the microhabitat disturbance caused by large-scale photovoltaic park construction and operation in the arid region and the derived adaptive succession, the utility model provides a kind of arid region grassland photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring device, for desert, gobi and desert photovoltaic park microhabitat, carry out near-surface energy transmission, material circulation and other element monitoring.Two sets of monitoring systems are designed, respectively deployed in photovoltaic park and outside photovoltaic park, to monitor whether the microenvironment of photovoltaic park changes and the degree of change after operation.The monitoring system erected in photovoltaic park can monitor energy transmission, temperature and humidity and other elements between the upper and lower parts of photovoltaic module and panel.For the monitoring of local microhabitat elements of photovoltaic park, the changes of near-surface solar shortwave radiation, total radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, soil temperature and humidity, air temperature and humidity and carbon and water flux caused by photovoltaic park can be quantitatively identified.Through the full-time monitoring of phenology camera, the succession characteristics of adaptability and plasticity of ground vegetation in photovoltaic park to disturbed habitat are obtained.Through the monitoring system, the theoretical research and application of "photovoltaic grass" and "grass-light complementary" mode in the arid region can be further promoted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] The drawings incorporated into the specification and forming part thereof show embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 1 It is the schematic diagram of arid region grassland photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring device provided by the utility model embodiment;

[0032] In the figure: 1, fence;2, grassland in photovoltaic park;3, grassland outside photovoltaic park;4, buried depth;5, photovoltaic array;501, photovoltaic module;502, stand;503, pile foundation;6, biometeorological vorticity correlation monitoring system;601, data collector;602, air temperature and humidity sensor;603, wind speed and direction sensor;604, rain barrel;605, net radiation sensor;606, total radiation sensor;607, photosynthetically active radiation sensor;608, longwave radiation sensor;609, soil sensor;6091, soil heat flux plate;6092, soil temperature sensor;6093, soil humidity sensor;610, ground evaporation sensor;611, carbon and water flux sensor;612, three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer;613, phenology camera;614, lightning rod;615, wireless transmission antenna;616, main support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this utility model. However, this utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Example 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, the grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring device for arid areas provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes: a fence 1, which is installed between grassland 2 inside the photovoltaic park and grassland 3 outside the photovoltaic park; a photovoltaic array 5 is installed on grassland 2 inside the photovoltaic park, and grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring structures for quantitatively monitoring and evaluating the disturbance of local microhabitat by the photovoltaic park are installed on both grassland 2 inside the photovoltaic park and grassland 3 outside the photovoltaic park, and the grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring structures are located between photovoltaic modules 501 of photovoltaic array 5.

[0035] The grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring structure includes: a biometeorological eddy covariance monitoring system 6 installed on the ground of grassland 2 inside the photovoltaic park or grassland 3 outside the photovoltaic park; the biometeorological eddy covariance monitoring system 6 includes a main support 616.

[0036] The main support 616 is equipped with multiple secondary supports, and biological / meteorological and water vapor flux sensors are mounted on different parts of the secondary supports for observing microhabitats inside and outside the photovoltaic park and at different locations of the photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic park.

[0037] The biometeorological eddy covariance monitoring system 6 also includes:

[0038] The data acquisition unit 601 is located inside the data acquisition chassis, which is located 1m below the main support 616 and fixed to the main support 616 with fixing screws; the data acquisition unit 601 is connected to the wireless transmission antenna 615 outside the data acquisition chassis; the data acquisition unit 601 is connected to the energy transmission sensor or biological / meteorological sensor via signal.

[0039] The energy transmission sensor includes a net radiation sensor 605, a total radiation sensor 606, a photosynthetically active radiation sensor 607, a long-wave radiation sensor 608, and a soil sensor 609 for monitoring the near-surface net radiation, short-wave radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, ground or photovoltaic panel upward long-wave radiation, and soil temperature and humidity, respectively, and the net radiation sensor 605, total radiation sensor 606, photosynthetically active radiation sensor 607, and long-wave radiation sensor 608 are installed on the auxiliary support; the soil sensor 609 includes a soil heat flux plate 6091, a soil temperature sensor 6092, and a soil humidity sensor 6093, which are buried below the ground.

[0040] The biological / meteorological sensor includes an air temperature and humidity sensor 602, a wind speed and direction sensor 603, a rain barrel 604, and a surface evaporation sensor 610 for monitoring air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation, and surface evaporation, respectively, and the air temperature and humidity sensor 602 and the wind speed and direction sensor 603 are installed on the auxiliary support, and the rain barrel 604 and the surface evaporation sensor 610 are installed on the eaves in front of the photovoltaic module 501, under the board, on the eaves behind the board, and on the accessories of the monitoring device outside the photovoltaic park.

[0041] The biological and meteorological vorticity correlation monitoring system 6 further includes a phenology camera 613 located in the middle of the main support 616, 3m from the ground, capable of 360° horizontal rotation, 90° vertical flip, and maximum flexibility in adjusting the angle.

[0042] The biological and meteorological vorticity correlation monitoring system 6 further includes a carbon flux sensor 611 and a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer 612, both installed on the auxiliary support and connected to the data collector 601;

[0043] The biological and meteorological vorticity correlation monitoring system 6 further includes a lightning rod 614 located at the top of the main support 616.

[0044] Working principle: In the grassland 2 (grassland photovoltaic ecosystem) in the photovoltaic park, energy transmission sensors and biological / meteorological sensors are designed for the upper and lower parts of the photovoltaic module 501 and between the photovoltaic modules 501 of the photovoltaic array 5 to monitor the microhabitat at different positions in the photovoltaic park. The photovoltaic module 501 is fixed in the grassland 2 (grassland photovoltaic ecosystem) in the photovoltaic park by the column 502 and the pile foundation 503; the 1 set of grassland photovoltaic energy flow logistics monitoring device includes 2 sets of biological and meteorological vorticity correlation monitoring systems, which are located between the photovoltaic modules 501 of the photovoltaic array 5 and the adjacent area outside the photovoltaic park fence 3, respectively;

[0045] The photovoltaic array 5 includes a photovoltaic component 501 for converting solar energy into electric energy or storing in a storage battery or driving a load, and the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array 5 is directly transmitted to a power grid in the form of direct current, or the generated direct current is converted into alternating current by an inverter and transmitted to the power grid, so that the photovoltaic array 5 realizes grid-connected power generation.

[0046] Exemplarily, the main support 616 is a physical carrier of the monitoring system, various sensors are installed by mounting a plurality of auxiliary supports, and the microhabitats of the grassland 2 in the photovoltaic park and the grassland 3 outside the photovoltaic park are monitored.

[0047] Exemplarily, the data collector 601 is located in a data collection case, the data collection case is located at a lower part of the main support 616 and is 1 m away from the ground, and the data collection case is fixed to the main support 616 by a fixing screw; the data collector 601 collects sensor data and has a preprocessing capability; the data collector 601 is connected with a wireless transmission antenna 615 outside the data collection case and transmits data in real time in a wireless mode.

[0048] Exemplarily, the energy transmission sensor includes a net radiation sensor 605, a total radiation sensor 606, a photosynthetically active radiation sensor 607, a long-wave radiation sensor 608 and a soil sensor 609 (including a soil heat flux plate 6091, a soil temperature sensor 6092 and a soil humidity sensor 6093), which respectively monitor the near-surface net radiation, short-wave radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, upward long-wave radiation of the ground or photovoltaic panel and soil temperature and humidity.

[0049] The soil heat flux plate 6091, the soil temperature sensor 6092 and the soil humidity sensor 6093 are buried in the ground at a depth of 4, the depth 4 is set to 1 m, and the average depth interval is 0.2 m.

[0050] Exemplarily, the biological / meteorological sensor includes an air temperature and humidity sensor 602, a wind speed and direction sensor 603, a rainfall bucket 604 and a surface evaporation sensor 610, which respectively monitor air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation and surface evaporation.

[0051] Exemplarily, the grassland photovoltaic energy flow monitoring structure of the grassland 2 in the photovoltaic park is located at an upper part of the photovoltaic component 501, below the photovoltaic component 501 and between the photovoltaic component 501, a phenology camera 613 is located at a middle part of the main support 616 and is 3 m away from the ground, and the phenology camera 613 can rotate horizontally by 360 degrees and flip vertically by 90 degrees.

[0052] The utility model discloses can real -time monitoring photovoltaic park inside and outside biological meteorology, water vapor flux and its vegetation phenology, quantitative inquiry photovoltaic park to local microhabitat's influence and its surface vegetation's adaptability to, thereby objective evaluation photovoltaic park's suitability.

[0053] Exemplarily, the biological meteorology vortex correlation monitoring system 6 further comprises a surface evaporation sensor 610, a carbon water flux sensor 611, a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer 612, and a lightning rod 614 located at the top of a main support 616.

[0054] The sensors mentioned in the utility model are all commercially available sensors, and the model list is shown in Table 1:

[0055] Table 1: Sensor model and brand

[0056]

[0057] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to this, any skilled person in the art can make any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the technical range disclosed by the utility model, as long as it is within the spirit and principle of the utility model, which should be covered within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for photovoltaic energy flow in arid grasslands, comprising a fence (1) installed between grassland (2) inside a photovoltaic park and grassland (3) outside the photovoltaic park, wherein a photovoltaic array (5) is erected in the grassland (2) inside the photovoltaic park and the grassland (3) outside the photovoltaic park, characterized in that, Both the grassland (2) inside the photovoltaic park and the grassland (3) outside the photovoltaic park are equipped with grassland photovoltaic energy flow monitoring structures for quantitative monitoring and assessment of the impact of the photovoltaic park on local micro-habitat disturbance. The grassland photovoltaic energy flow and logistics monitoring structure includes: a biometeorological eddy covariance monitoring system (6) installed on the ground of grassland (2) inside the photovoltaic park or grassland (3) outside the photovoltaic park; the biometeorological eddy covariance monitoring system (6) includes a main support (616); multiple secondary supports are installed on the main support (616), and biological / meteorological and water vapor flux sensors are mounted at different locations on the secondary supports for carrying out microhabitat observations inside and outside the photovoltaic park and at different locations of the photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic park.

2. The arid zone grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biometeorological eddy covariance monitoring system (6) also includes: The data acquisition unit (601) is located inside the data acquisition unit chassis, which is installed on the lower part of the main bracket (616) by fixing screws; the data acquisition unit (601) is connected to the wireless transmission antenna (615) outside the data acquisition unit chassis, and the data acquisition unit (601) is connected to the energy transmission sensor or the biological / meteorological sensor by signal.

3. The arid grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy transfer sensor includes: A net radiation sensor (605) is mounted on a sub-support and connected to the data acquisition unit (601) for monitoring the net radiation values ​​near the ground surface and under and on the photovoltaic array panel; The total radiation sensor (606) is mounted on the sub-support and connected to the data acquisition unit (601) for monitoring the shortwave radiation values ​​near the ground surface and under and on the photovoltaic array panel; A photosynthetically active radiation sensor (607) is mounted on a sub-support and connected to the data acquisition unit (601) for monitoring the photosynthetically active radiation values ​​near the ground surface and under and on the photovoltaic array panel; A long-wave radiation sensor (608) is mounted on a secondary bracket and connected to the data acquisition unit (601) for monitoring the long-wave radiation values ​​near the ground surface and under and on the photovoltaic array panel; A soil sensor (609) is connected to the data acquisition unit (601) and is used to monitor soil heat conduction data and temperature and humidity data.

4. The arid grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The soil sensor (609) includes: A soil heat flux plate (6091) is connected to the data acquisition unit (601) and is used to acquire soil energy balance and soil heat conduction data. A soil temperature sensor (6092) is connected to the data acquisition unit (601) and is used to monitor soil temperature; A soil moisture sensor (6093) is connected to the data acquisition unit (601) and is used to monitor soil moisture.

5. The arid grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The biological / meteorological sensor includes: An air temperature and humidity sensor (602) is mounted on a secondary bracket and connected to the data acquisition unit (601) for monitoring air temperature and humidity data. A wind speed and direction sensor (603) is mounted on a secondary bracket and connected to the data acquisition unit (601) for monitoring near-surface air wind speed and direction data. Rain gauge sensors (604) are installed on the ground surface outside the photovoltaic park, on the ground surface between the front eaves, under the panels, and between the panels of the photovoltaic array inside the photovoltaic park, respectively, and are connected to the data acquisition unit (601) to monitor atmospheric precipitation and precipitation data of disturbances in the photovoltaic park; The surface evaporation sensor (610) is installed on the ground surface outside the photovoltaic park, on the ground surface under the photovoltaic array front eaves, under the photovoltaic array, and between the photovoltaic arrays inside the photovoltaic park. It is connected to the data acquisition device (601) and is used to monitor surface evaporation data.

6. The arid zone grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biometeorological eddy covariance monitoring system (6) also includes: a phenological camera (613), which is installed in the middle of the main support (616). The phenological camera (613) can rotate 360° horizontally and flip vertically 90° vertically to realize the data acquisition and transmission of monitoring images.

7. The arid grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The biometeorological eddy covariance monitoring system (6) also includes: a carbon-water flux sensor (611) and a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer (612), both of which are mounted on the sub-support and connected to the data acquisition unit (601); to monitor the carbon dioxide flux and water vapor flux inside and outside the photovoltaic park in real time.

8. The arid grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A lightning rod (614) is installed on the top of the main support (616) to protect the device from lightning strikes.

9. The arid grassland photovoltaic energy flow and material flow monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic array (5) includes a photovoltaic module (501) that converts solar energy into electrical energy or stores it in a battery, or drives a load. The bottom of the photovoltaic module (501) is fixed to a pile foundation (503) by a column (502).

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