Battery pack structure and automobile

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery pack structure and automobile, relates to vehicle-mounted battery technical field, the battery pack structure includes shell, a plurality of battery unit and heat absorption structure, the interior of shell forms the mounting cavity, the one end portion of a plurality of battery unit is all installed in the bottom of mounting cavity, heat absorption structure includes special-shaped shell and phase change material, and the phase change material is installed in the shell. The special-shaped shell is arranged in the mounting cavity, a plurality of accommodating cavities corresponding to the plurality of battery units are formed in the special-shaped shell, the battery units are arranged in the accommodating cavities in a penetrating manner, and a cavity of the special-shaped shell is filled with the phase change material. Air cooling and phase change material cooling are integrated, the phase change material can absorb heat in the phase change process, the requirement for temperature uniformity of the battery can be met, the phase change material can rapidly absorb and isolate heat, spreading of thermal runaway is effectively restrained, the overall safety of a battery system is guaranteed, and compared with a traditional battery pack structure, the battery pack structure has the advantages that the structure is simple, and the cost is low. The scheme has a relatively good application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to vehicle battery technology field especially relates to a battery package structure and car. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lithium ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to their high energy capacity, low self-discharge rate, and no memory effect. However, the performance and lifespan of lithium ion batteries are greatly affected by operating temperature. Typically, the optimal operating temperature range for lithium ion batteries is between 15-40℃, with a temperature difference of less than 5℃. Excessive high or low temperatures can lead to a decrease in battery performance and a reduction in lifespan. Therefore, in order to maintain the lithium ion battery pack within the optimal operating temperature range, an effective heat dissipation system is required.

[0003] Currently, the main heat dissipation systems for lithium ion battery packs are air cooling and liquid cooling. Air cooling heat dissipation systems have the characteristics of simple structure, easy packaging, low maintenance cost, and low energy consumption. It uses air as the heat exchange medium and utilizes natural convection or forced convection to exchange heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack. Under certain operating conditions, it can achieve heat dissipation in combination with liquid cooling. However, the heat dissipation efficiency of air cooling systems and water cooling systems is relatively low, and is greatly affected by the natural environment, resulting in unstable cooling effect. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a battery package structure and car, which aims to solve the problem of relatively low heat dissipation efficiency of air cooling systems and water cooling systems, and the problem of being greatly affected by the natural environment and unstable cooling effect.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the battery package structure provided by the utility model comprises:

[0006] The shell has an installation cavity formed inside;

[0007] A plurality of battery units are installed at one end of the installation cavity bottom; and,

[0008] The heat absorption structure includes a special-shaped shell and a phase change material. The special-shaped shell is arranged in the installation cavity. The special-shaped shell has a plurality of accommodating cavities corresponding to the plurality of battery units. The battery units are arranged in the accommodating cavities. The phase change material is filled in the cavity of the special-shaped shell.

[0009] In an embodiment, the plurality of battery units are uniformly arranged in the installation cavity and form a plurality of horizontal row battery structures. The plurality of battery units between the adjacent two horizontal row battery structures are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0010] In an embodiment, the shell comprises a top cover, and the top cover is provided with an opening for connecting the mounting cavity.

[0011] The opening is provided with a fan structure.

[0012] In an embodiment, the shell further comprises a cladding shell portion, and an upper end of the cladding shell portion is provided with a mounting surface, and a V-shaped groove is formed on the mounting surface, and the top cover is fixedly mounted on the mounting surface by screws.

[0013] In an embodiment, the bottom of the mounting cavity is provided with a limiting groove corresponding to one end of each battery cell, and one end of the battery cell is arranged inside the limiting groove.

[0014] In an embodiment, the battery pack structure further comprises a buffer structure, and the buffer structure is arranged on an inner wall of the shell and in contact with the special-shaped shell for buffering and protecting the special-shaped shell.

[0015] In an embodiment, the buffer structure comprises a plurality of energy-absorbing blocks, and the plurality of energy-absorbing blocks are fixedly mounted on two opposite vertical inner walls of the mounting cavity, and one end of each of the plurality of energy-absorbing blocks is in abutment with the special-shaped shell.

[0016] In an embodiment, the mounting cavity is further filled with a heat preservation material, and the heat preservation material is wrapped outside the special-shaped shell.

[0017] In an embodiment, the cladding shell portion is provided with a plug-in structure, the mounting cavity is provided with a control board, and the plurality of battery cells and the plug-in structure are in contact with the control board.

[0018] The utility model further discloses an automobile, the automobile includes battery pack structure, and the battery pack structure comprises:

[0019] A shell is internally formed with a mounting cavity;

[0020] A plurality of battery cells are arranged with one end mounted on the bottom of the mounting cavity; and

[0021] A heat absorption structure comprises a special-shaped shell and a phase change material, the special-shaped shell is arranged in the mounting cavity, a plurality of accommodating cavities are arranged on the special-shaped shell corresponding to the plurality of battery cells, the battery cells are arranged in the accommodating cavities, and the phase change material is filled in the cavity of the special-shaped shell.

[0022] The utility model discloses a technical scheme, integrated air cooling and phase change material cooling, and the phase change material (PCM) is filled between battery units, and the PCM can absorb heat during the phase change process, and the uniformity requirement of battery temperature can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or the prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structure shown in these drawings without creative labor.

[0024] Figure 1 The utility model provides a whole structure schematic diagram of battery pack structure one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 For Figure 1 The partial internal structure schematic diagram of the cladding shell part in the embodiment;

[0026] Figure 3 For Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of not containing the top cap and the fan structure in the embodiment;

[0027] Figure 4 For Figure 3 The structure schematic diagram of the special-shaped shell in the embodiment.

[0028] Explanation of the drawings:

[0029] 100, battery pack structure, 1, shell, 11, top cap, 111, opening, 112, fan structure, 12, cladding shell part, 121, V-shaped groove, 122, plug-in structure, 2, battery unit, 3, special-shaped shell, 31, accommodating cavity, 4, limiting groove, 5, energy-absorbing block, 6, heat preservation material, 7, control panel, 8, mounting cavity, 9, abutment block.

[0030] The realization of the utility model, functional characteristics and advantages will be further explained by combining with the embodiments and referring to the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] With reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0032] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture, and if the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0033] In addition, if the embodiments of the present application involve descriptions such as "first", "second", etc., the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for description purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, "and / or" or "and / or" appearing throughout the text means that the three parallel solutions are included, for example, "A and / or B" includes A solution, or B solution, or A and B solutions are satisfied at the same time. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that a person skilled in the art can realize it, and when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present application.

[0034] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to their high energy capacity, low self-discharge rate, and no memory effect. However, the performance and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries are greatly affected by the operating temperature. Generally, the optimal operating temperature range for lithium-ion batteries is between 15-40℃, and the temperature difference should be less than 5℃. Both excessively high or low temperatures can lead to a decrease in battery performance and a reduction in lifespan. Therefore, in order to maintain the lithium-ion battery pack within the optimal operating temperature range, an effective heat dissipation system is required.

[0035] Currently, the main heat dissipation systems for lithium-ion battery packs are air cooling and liquid cooling. Air-cooled heat dissipation systems have the characteristics of simple structure, easy packaging, low maintenance cost, and low energy consumption. It uses air as the heat exchange medium and utilizes natural wind or forced convection to exchange heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack. Under certain operating environments, it can achieve heat dissipation in combination with liquid cooling. However, the heat dissipation efficiency of air-cooled systems and water-cooled systems is relatively low, and is greatly affected by the natural environment, resulting in unstable cooling effect.

[0036] The utility model provides a battery package structure 100 is used to solve above problem.

[0037] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 In the embodiment of the utility model, the battery package structure 100 has high safety, wherein the battery package structure 100 mainly includes shell 1, multiple battery units 2 engage heat absorption structure. Specifically, the cavity 8 is formed in the shell, multiple battery units 2 are vertically arranged, and the downward end of each battery unit is installed at the bottom of the cavity 8. Considering that multiple battery units 2 will generate certain heat in the cavity 8 during the use of the entire battery package structure 100, in order to evenly distribute the heat in the cavity 8, the spacing between two adjacent battery units 2 is relatively fixed and uniform during installation. And considering the compactness of the entire battery package structure 100, multiple battery units 2 are arranged as multiple horizontal battery structures during the installation of multiple battery units 2. Multiple horizontal battery structures include multiple battery units 2 arranged uniformly in the same direction. During actual installation, multiple horizontal battery structures are arranged uniformly in the horizontal direction, and multiple battery units 2 between two adjacent horizontal battery structures are arranged in a staggered manner. After such arrangement, the overall length of the entire battery package structure 100 in the horizontal direction can be effectively reduced, which helps to miniaturize the entire battery package structure 100.

[0038] Meanwhile, the battery pack structure 100 generates a large amount of heat during use, and generally needs to be matched with a corresponding heat dissipation structure to realize the stability of the internal temperature of the battery pack structure 100, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack structure 100 during use. In the embodiment, the heat absorption structure mainly includes a special-shaped shell 3 and a phase change material, wherein the phase change material has good heat absorption, and can meet the requirement of absorbing a certain amount of heat to change its form, for example, from solid to liquid, but the internal temperature does not change much during this process. Similar to a conventional water body, when the temperature is as low as 0℃, water changes from liquid to solid (freezing). When the temperature is higher than 0℃, water changes from solid to liquid (melting). A large amount of cold energy is absorbed and stored during the freezing process, and a large amount of heat energy is absorbed during the melting process. But in this process, the temperature remains relatively stable. In the embodiment, the phase change material is filled in the special-shaped shell 3, and the phase change material can be hydrated salt, which can absorb heat during phase change and meet the requirement of uniformity of battery temperature. Moreover, the phase change material has low thermal conductivity, and when a single battery cell 2 has thermal runaway, the phase change material can quickly absorb the high temperature and isolate the heat, thereby effectively preventing the spread of thermal runaway and ensuring the overall safety of the entire battery pack structure 100.

[0039] Meanwhile, the special-shaped shell 3 is made of corrosion-resistant material, which has relatively good thermal conductivity and can transfer heat to the phase change material inside. In order to further improve the heat conduction effect, a plurality of accommodating cavities 31 are arranged on the special-shaped shell 3 in the embodiment, and the special-shaped shell 3 forms the cavity wall of the accommodating cavities 31. The diameter of the accommodating cavities 31 corresponds to the diameter of the battery cell 2, and the battery cell 2 is installed in the accommodating cavities 31, and the side wall of the battery cell 2 is attached to the inner wall of the accommodating cavities 31, thereby transferring the heat generated by the battery cell 2 to the phase change material inside. On the other hand, the special-shaped shell 3 isolates a plurality of battery cells 2 through a solid structure, which can not only isolate heat well, but also assist in the installation and fixation of a plurality of battery cells 2, so that the positions of a plurality of battery cells 2 in the shell 1 remain relatively stable.

[0040] In order to ensure that the heat inside the shell 1 is discharged in time, in this embodiment, a fan structure 112 is also provided on the shell 1. The upper end of the shell 1 is a top cover 11 structure. After the relevant structure inside the mounting cavity 8 is installed, the upper end of the mounting cavity 8 needs to be closed by the top cover 11, so that the mounting cavity 8 is in a relatively sealed state, and the influence on the internal components can be minimized. A circular opening 111 is provided on the top cover 11, and the fan structure 112 is installed on the opening 111. It should be noted that the opening 111 is arranged at the center of the upper end of the special-shaped shell 3. The heat generated inside the shell 1 causes the air temperature inside the mounting cavity 8 to rise and move upward, so that it can be better discharged outward from the fan structure 112. Therefore, the combination of the phase change material and the fan structure 112 in this scheme can further improve the heat dissipation of the battery pack structure 100.

[0041] It is conceivable that a corresponding temperature sensing device can be installed in the mounting cavity 8, and the fan structure 112 can be automatically started and stopped by a corresponding control strategy. For example, when the battery temperature in the mounting cavity 8 reaches a preset threshold (such as 40°C), the fan is automatically started to enhance the heat dissipation effect by air cooling; when the battery temperature drops below the threshold, the fan is automatically turned off to reduce energy consumption and maintain low-noise operation of the system. The fan can not only dissipate heat from the battery unit 2, but also cool the phase change material.

[0042] The lower half of the shell 1 structure is a semi-open box structure, specifically a cladding shell 12, and the top cover 11 is installed at the upper end opening 111 position thereof. In order to enhance the sealing connection between the top cover 11 and the cladding shell, a V-shaped groove is provided on the mounting surface of the upper end opening 111 end face of the cladding shell 12. The V-shaped groove divides the mounting surface into a plurality of contact surface units. The top cover 11 is installed on the mounting surface by a plurality of screws, so that the inner wall of the top cover 11 and the plurality of contact surface units are as close as possible, thereby improving the tightness of the installation therebetween.

[0043] A plurality of battery units 2 are installed at the bottom of the mounting cavity 8. A plurality of limiting grooves 4 are provided at the bottom of the mounting cavity 8. One end of the battery unit 2 is arranged inside the limiting groove 4. In order to avoid the influence of external vibration on the installation of the battery unit 2, the diameter of the limiting groove 4 is slightly larger than the diameter of the battery unit 2.

[0044] In order to further protect the relevant structure inside the shell 1, in the embodiment, corresponding buffer structure is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, which is mainly composed of a plurality of energy absorbing blocks 5, a plurality of energy absorbing blocks 5 are installed on the corresponding two inner walls of the mounting cavity 8, the above two inner walls are mounting wall structures, which correspond to the two ends of the horizontal row battery structure, a plurality of energy absorbing blocks 5 are in abutment with the special-shaped shell 3, and in the corresponding relationship, at least one energy absorbing block 5 corresponds to the position of one end of each horizontal row battery structure. In this way, when the shell 1 vibrates, a plurality of energy absorbing blocks 5 can well absorb the vibration, thereby avoiding the influence of vibration on a plurality of battery units 2 as much as possible.

[0045] In addition, it should be noted that, in order to arrange more battery units 2 in the mounting cavity 8 as much as possible, in addition to arranging a plurality of accommodating cavities 31 in the inner side of the special-shaped shell 3, a plurality of arc-shaped fixing portions corresponding to the arc-shaped side wall of the battery unit 2 are arranged on the side wall position of the special-shaped shell 3, so that a plurality of battery units 2 can be simultaneously mounted outside the special-shaped shell, and a corresponding abutting block 9 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the end of the battery unit 2 in abutment is also arranged in an arc-shaped structure. Correspondingly, one end of the energy absorbing block 5 corresponding to the battery unit 2 is also arranged in an arc-shaped structure, which can better fit the outer wall of the battery unit 2.

[0046] In addition, the mounting cavity 8 is also filled with a heat preservation material 6, the heat preservation material 6 is arranged as a flexible material, and the heat preservation material 6 is filled in the internal space of the mounting cavity 8 body, so that the special-shaped shell 3 can be coated while achieving the heat preservation effect. Therefore, the anti-seismic performance of the whole structure can be further improved. The heat preservation material 6 is preferably a halogen-free high-temperature-resistant material.

[0047] The cladding shell portion 12 is provided with a plug-in structure 122, the mounting cavity 8 is provided with a control panel 7, and a plurality of battery units 2 and the plug-in structure 122 are in abutment with the control panel 7. The whole battery pack structure 100 is connected with the external structure through the plug-in structure 122 when in use.

[0048] The utility model also includes a kind of automobile, the automobile includes battery pack structure 100, the specific structure of the battery pack structure 100 is as described in above embodiment, because the automobile of the present application adopts the whole technical scheme of above battery pack structure 100, so it has the whole beneficial effect of above battery pack structure 100, which will not be described one by one here.

[0049] The above merely illustrates the exemplary embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application, and any equivalent structural transformation or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields under the technical concept of the present application and by using the content of the present application specification and drawings are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery pack structure, characterized in that, include: The outer casing has an internal mounting cavity. Multiple battery cells, one end of which is mounted at the bottom of the mounting cavity; as well as, The heat-absorbing structure includes an irregularly shaped shell and a phase change material. The irregularly shaped shell is disposed in the mounting cavity. The irregularly shaped shell has multiple receiving cavities corresponding to multiple battery cells. The battery cells pass through the receiving cavities. The phase change material fills the cavity of the irregularly shaped shell.

2. The battery pack structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple battery cells are evenly spaced within the mounting cavity to form multiple horizontal battery structures, and the multiple battery cells between two adjacent horizontal battery structures are staggered.

3. The battery pack structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The housing includes a top cover with an opening for connecting the mounting cavity; A fan structure is provided at the opening.

4. The battery pack structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The outer shell also includes a cover shell portion, the upper end opening face of which is a mounting surface, a V-shaped groove is formed on the mounting surface, and the top cover is fixedly mounted to the mounting surface by screws.

5. The battery pack structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the mounting cavity is provided with a limiting groove corresponding to one end of each of the battery units, and one end of the battery unit is located inside the limiting groove.

6. The battery pack structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack structure also includes a buffer structure, which is disposed on the inner wall of the housing and in contact with the irregularly shaped housing, for buffering and protecting the irregularly shaped housing.

7. The battery pack structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The buffer structure includes multiple energy-absorbing blocks, which are fixedly installed on two opposing vertical inner walls of the mounting cavity, and one end of each of the multiple energy-absorbing blocks abuts against the irregularly shaped shell.

8. The battery pack structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting cavity is also filled with thermal insulation material, which covers the outside of the irregularly shaped shell.

9. The battery pack structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The casing is provided with a plug-in structure, and the mounting cavity is provided with a control board. The multiple battery cells and the plug-in structure are all connected to the control board.

10. A car, characterized in that, Includes the battery pack structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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