Thermal runaway flue gas treatment device

Abstract

The utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device which is used for effectively treating thermal runaway flue gas so as to solve the problem of potential safety hazards caused by the fact that the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged out of a battery shell. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device comprises at least one treatment tank body and an ignition unit, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are formed in the treatment tank body; the treatment tank body is filled with 0.05-0.5 mol / L of aqueous alkali and is used for treating thermal runaway flue gas generated by thermal runaway of the battery; and the ignition unit is used for carrying out ignition treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the alkali solution. Electrolyte, acid gas and the like in the thermal runaway flue gas are treated by the alkaline solution with the concentration, and then combustible gas in the residual gas is ignited, so that the treated gas does not have flammability and also has harmlessness, and the safety of an energy storage system is improved.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent application filed on December 28, 2023, with application number 202323598313.5 and invention title "A Thermal Runaway Flue Gas Treatment Device". Technical Field

[0002] This utility model belongs to the field of battery safety, specifically relating to a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of new energy sources such as solar and wind power, energy storage technology has also developed. Due to the advantages of lithium batteries, such as high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power handling capacity, and low self-discharge rate, they have gradually become the mainstream energy storage product.

[0004] With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage systems, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Due to the high density of battery packs in energy storage systems, factors such as overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and mechanical impact can cause the battery separator to collapse and internal short circuits, leading to thermal runaway. This can ultimately result in internal battery fire, and in severe cases, explosion, posing a safety hazard.

[0005] When a lithium battery experiences complete thermal runaway, the internal temperature can reach 500–1000°C. The gases generated during the thermal runaway process increase the internal pressure of the battery, causing the battery casing to expand and rupture. Eventually, the vent valve opens, releasing the evaporated electrolyte and reactive gases from inside the battery.

[0006] The vaporized electrolyte and reaction gases are discharged outside the battery casing and can easily accumulate, posing safety hazards such as combustion. In addition, the reaction gases contain toxic gases such as HF, which can also cause some environmental pollution. Utility Model Content

[0007] This utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device for effectively treating thermal runaway flue gas, thereby solving the safety hazard problem of thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery casing.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0009] This utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, including at least one treatment tank and an ignition unit; the treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the treatment tank is filled with an alkaline solution of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L for treating the thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway; the ignition unit is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas after alkaline solution treatment.

[0010] Furthermore, the alkaline solution inside the treatment tank is a 0.1–0.2 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0011] Furthermore, the alkaline solution inside the treatment tank is a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0012] Furthermore, a first check valve is provided at the flue gas inlet of the treatment tank, and a second check valve is provided at the flue gas outlet.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the cavity of the processing tank is also provided with a perforated plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the ignition unit includes a flue gas pipeline and at least one set of ignition components. The flue gas pipeline is connected to the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank. The ignition components include an exhaust pipe and an igniter. The exhaust pipe is connected to the flue gas pipeline, and the igniter is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes an adsorption pipeline connected between the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank and the flue gas pipeline inlet, the adsorption pipeline being filled with an adsorption medium.

[0016] Furthermore, the adsorption medium is activated carbon.

[0017] Furthermore, the processing tank includes a cylindrical body with an open top and an end cap that is sealed at the open end; the flue gas inlet is located on the bottom plate of the cylindrical body, and the flue gas outlet is located on the end cap.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. This utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device. This device treats the thermal runaway flue gas with a 0.05–0.5 mol / L alkaline solution, followed by ignition of the alkaline-treated flue gas. The alkaline solution of this concentration not only effectively treats the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent further decomposition of the vaporized electrolyte, but also treats a portion of the gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. The amount of gas in the thermal runaway flue gas treated with this concentration is significantly reduced, and the remaining combustible gases are subsequently ignited, rendering the treated gas non-flammable and harmless. This solves the safety hazards and pollution problems associated with thermal runaway flue gas venting outside the battery casing.

[0020] 2. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this utility model, the thermal runaway flue gas is significantly treated with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mol / L, and the treatment effect is the best with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L.

[0021] 3. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this utility model, a first one-way valve is provided at the flue gas inlet of the treatment tank to prevent the alkaline solution in the treatment tank from flowing back. At the same time, a second one-way valve is provided at the flue gas outlet to prevent the alkaline solution from evaporating and affecting the treatment effect of the alkaline solution.

[0022] 4. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this utility model, a perforated plate is also provided on the top of the cavity of the treatment tank. The perforated plate is used to place an adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkaline solution, it will carry some alkaline solution. The alkaline solution can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the perforated plate, so that the gas discharged from the treatment tank is safer.

[0023] 5. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this utility model also includes an adsorption pipeline connected between the flue gas outlet and the flue gas pipeline inlet of the treatment tank. The adsorption medium treats part of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be completely treated by using a smaller number of ignition components.

[0024] 6. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this utility model, activated carbon is selected as the adsorption medium, which has relatively low cost and relatively good treatment effect.

[0025] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be partly apparent from the following description, and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 3;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the processing tank in Example 3;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 4.

[0030] Reference numerals: 1-Processing tank, 2-Ignition unit, 3-Adsorption pipeline, 11-Cylinder, 12-End cap, 13-Flue gas inlet, 14-Flue gas outlet, 15-Dispersing component, 16-First check valve, 17-Second check valve, 18-Perforated plate, 21-Flue gas pipeline, 22-Exhaust pipe, 23-Igniter, 24-Trigger, 25-Flame arrester. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0032] The phrase "other embodiments" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that excludes other embodiments. In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0033] In this specification, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate component, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] Furthermore, in the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0035] Existing energy storage systems typically include an energy storage cabinet and multiple battery modules housed within it. These battery modules can be constructed by connecting existing cylindrical or prismatic cells in series or parallel, or by using existing individual cells to form a large-capacity battery. These battery modules are prone to thermal runaway during use, or during overcharging, over-discharging, or mechanical impact.

[0036] Studies have shown that during thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, a series of internal chemical reactions occur, releasing large amounts of heat and gas. These reactions include: SEI membrane decomposition (90–120°C), negative electrode reaction with electrolyte (100–350°C), electrolyte decomposition (110–300°C), separator shrinkage and melting (>130°C), positive electrode reaction with electrolyte (200–300°C), and binder decomposition (200–300°C). These reactions do not occur in a fixed order, nor do they proceed independently.

[0037] When the battery temperature is around 90–120°C, the SEI film first decomposes, releasing heat and producing gases such as C2H4, CO2, and O2. As the temperature continues to rise, when the battery temperature reaches around 120°C, the negative electrode surface loses the protection of the SEI film, and the embedded lithium reacts with the electrolyte's organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), producing CxHy gas. At temperatures between 110–300°C, the electrolyte and electrolyte itself also undergo a series of decomposition reactions, producing some fluorides. With further temperature increases, the positive electrode material begins to decompose, producing O2. The O2 produced by the decomposition of the positive electrode material reacts with the electrolyte solvents: at high O2 concentrations, the reaction produces CO2; at low O2 concentrations, the reaction produces CO. When the battery temperature exceeds 235°C, the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reacts with lithium and undergoes self-decomposition.

[0038] As can be seen from the above process, during battery thermal runaway, the emitted thermal runaway flue gas mainly includes the following components: vaporized electrolyte, CO2, CO, H2, and C. x H y C x H y O z C x H y F, POF3, and HF, etc. Thermal runaway flue gas not only contains gases such as hydrogen, CO, CO2, and methane, but also a large amount of electrolyte vapor. The vaporized electrolyte not only reacts with the positive or negative electrode plates in the battery cavity, but also undergoes a series of decomposition reactions, which in turn continue to produce a large amount of harmful gases.

[0039] This invention provides a method for treating thermal runaway flue gas. The method mainly involves passing the thermal runaway flue gas through an alkaline solution of a certain concentration. The alkaline solution treats the vaporized electrolyte and some gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. It not only hydrolyzes the electrolyte to prevent further decomposition of the vaporized electrolyte, but also treats some of the gas. The amount of thermal runaway flue gas after treatment with this concentration of alkaline solution is significantly reduced, thereby solving the safety hazard problem of thermal runaway flue gas venting outside the battery casing.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Thermal runaway gases from lithium-ion batteries mainly consist of vaporized electrolyte and CO2, CO, H2, and C. x H y C x H y O z C x H y Reacting gases include F, POF3, and HF. In this embodiment, the alkaline solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas, fully dissolving the electrolyte vapor in the flue gas in the alkaline solution and reacting with it. Using a certain concentration of alkaline solution to react with carbonate substances in the electrolyte prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases, thus treating the thermal runaway flue gas at its source. Furthermore, the alkaline solution has a good effect on treating acidic substances such as CO2, POF3, and HF, enabling effective treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas. The residual thermal runaway flue gas after alkaline solution treatment mainly includes CO, H2, and C. x H y C x H y O z C x H y Gases such as F are mostly flammable gases. In this case, the above gases are ignited to make the treated gases non-flammable and harmless, and can be directly discharged, thus improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0042] Meanwhile, for alkaline solutions, generally, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant has found that low-concentration alkaline solutions are more effective than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially 0.05–0.5 mol / L alkaline solutions. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is superior to alkaline solutions with concentrations above 0.5 mol / L. Therefore, the key to this invention is to overcome the bias of existing technologies by using low-concentration alkaline solutions to treat thermal runaway flue gas, enabling the alkaline solution to effectively treat the flue gas. Furthermore, the combined treatment method of alkaline solution and ignition can treat the electrolyte and most of the gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, resulting in better treatment effects.

[0043] Based on this, this embodiment provides a method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, which includes the following process: conveying the thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway to a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution, treating the thermal runaway flue gas with the alkaline solution, and igniting the thermal runaway flue gas after alkaline solution treatment, so as to reduce the safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0044] In the above method, the alkaline solution can be a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. This alkaline solution can not only dissolve the electrolyte in the flue gas from battery thermal runaway, but also has a good treatment effect on acidic gases such as CO2, POF3 and HF.

[0045] Taking NaOH solution as an example, a large number of battery thermal runaway tests were conducted. After comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the gas collected after treatment with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution was better, the effect was significant after treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, and the volume was the smallest after treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0046] When thermal runaway flue gas is introduced into a NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3, and HF in the flue gas. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR + NaOH = RCOONa + CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O; subsequently, CO2 also reacts: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3 + 2NaOH = NaPF2O2 + NaF + H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH + HF = NaF + H2O. Through these reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is significantly reduced, resulting in a substantial reduction in subsequent treatment costs.

[0047] Table 1. Unprocessed runaway data of fully charged 32650 batteries

[0048]

[0049] Table 2 Results of treatment with NaOH solutions of different concentrations

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Based on the above experimental data, it was found that the volume of gas collected after the thermal runaway of a fully charged 32650 battery without any treatment was 4L. When the thermal runaway gas from a fully charged 32650 battery was passed through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or higher, the collected gas volume was generally greater than 2L, indicating unsatisfactory treatment results. After passing the thermal runaway gas from a fully charged 32650 battery through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05–0.5 mol / L, the gas volume was significantly smaller, all below 2L. Treatment with 0.1–0.2 mol / L sodium hydroxide showed significant effects, with the smallest collected gas volume (approximately 1L) after treatment with 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide, demonstrating the best effect. Therefore, a 0.05–0.5 mol / L NaOH solution has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway gas from a battery. Finally, the remaining gas is ignited by the ignition unit to treat the thermal runaway flue gas in a combined manner, so that the treated gas is non-flammable and non-polluting, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system during use.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] As described in Example 1, an alkaline solution of a certain concentration can effectively treat thermal runaway flue gas, significantly reducing the volume of the treated flue gas. However, if multiple batteries in the energy storage system experience thermal runaway, generating a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas, a large number of ignition components are required to treat the flue gas. Therefore, this embodiment can add an adsorption process using a solid adsorption medium based on Example 1. The residual gas after alkaline solution treatment is processed through the adsorption medium and then ignited. The adsorption medium treats a portion of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, allowing for complete treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas with a smaller number of ignition components.

[0055] The thermal runaway flue gas treatment method provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0056] 1. The thermal runaway flue gas is transported to a 0.05-0.5 mol alkaline solution for treatment;

[0057] The alkaline solution is specifically an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, etc. This alkaline solution can not only dissolve the electrolyte in the flue gas from battery thermal runaway, but also has a good treatment effect on acidic gases such as CO2, POF3 and HF.

[0058] 2. The thermally runaway flue gas treated with alkaline solution is then treated with an adsorption medium.

[0059] Third, the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the adsorption medium is ignited to reduce the safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0060] In this process, the remaining thermal runaway flue gas after alkaline solution treatment is adsorbed by an adsorption medium to remove excess gases such as H2, CO, and methane. The adsorption medium can be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicates, phosphates, or porous glass. Preferably, activated carbon is selected as the adsorption medium because it has relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with a high iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. This type of activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in thermal runaway flue gas, such as hydrogen and methane.

[0061] When a fully charged 32650 battery experiences thermal runaway, the collected gas volume is 4L without any treatment. After treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution and activated carbon, the collected gas volume is approximately 0.3–0.5L. The remaining thermal runaway gas is then treated by ignition. This demonstrates that the above combined treatment method can effectively treat the thermal runaway gas generated by the battery.

[0062] Table 3. Absorption effect of P-B-3 type activated carbon on thermal runaway flue gas

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] Table 4 Adsorption test results of NaOH solution combined with activated carbon

[0066]

[0067] Experimental data showed that using NaOH solution and activated carbon (PB-3 activated carbon from filter canister No. 1) was very effective in treating the thermal runaway gas from the battery. After multiple experiments, it was found that the thermal runaway gas from a fully charged 32650 battery was first treated with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution, and then adsorbed by activated carbon. The collected gas volume was 0.3-0.5 L, and then the gas was ignited.

[0068] The experiment was then scaled up, and thermal runaway flue gas treatment tests were conducted on two 30Ah batteries and one 202Ah battery.

[0069] Table 52 Thermal Runaway Adsorption Tests of 30Ah Batteries

[0070]

[0071] Table 6. Thermal runaway adsorption test of 202Ah large battery.

[0072]

[0073] The above experimental data shows that when two 30AH batteries experience thermal runaway, 3L of NaOH solution and 2KG of activated carbon are sufficient to completely render the treated gas non-flammable. For a 202Ah battery, 10L of NaOH solution and 6.5KG of activated carbon are sufficient to render the treated gas completely non-flammable. This demonstrates that the relationship between battery capacity and the amount of alkaline solution and adsorption medium is as follows: for a C1AH battery, the thermal runaway gas requires at least (0.05×C1)L of alkaline solution and (32×C1)g of adsorption medium for treatment. If on-site installation conditions are limited, or the amount of alkaline solution and adsorption medium is insufficient, the remaining thermal runaway gas will be ignited by the subsequent ignition unit, ensuring that the gas discharged from the energy storage system is completely non-flammable and harmless.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes at least one treatment tank 1 and an ignition unit 2. The treatment tank 1 is provided with a flue gas inlet 13 and a flue gas outlet 14. The treatment tank 1 is filled with a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution. The thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas inlet 13 and reacts directly with the alkaline solution in the treatment tank 1. The alkaline solution treats the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby achieving effective treatment of battery thermal runaway flue gas. Specifically, the thermal runaway flue gas shows significant improvement after treatment with a 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, with the best effect achieved after treatment with a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution. The ignition unit 2 is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas after alkaline solution treatment. The specific structure of the treatment tank 1 and the ignition unit 2 will be described below.

[0076] The shape of the aforementioned treatment tank 1 is not limited and can be a rectangular tank, a circular tank, an elliptical tank, etc. In this embodiment, the treatment tank 1 is specifically a circular tank, which has good pressure-bearing performance. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the flue gas inlet 13 can be located at the bottom of the circular tank, and the flue gas outlet 14 can be located at the top of the energy storage box. This arrangement allows the thermal runaway flue gas to fully pass through the alkaline solution inside the circular tank, thus fully treating the thermal runaway flue gas and further improving the treatment effect.

[0077] The above-mentioned treatment tank 1 is a split structure, which can mainly adopt the following structural forms: First, the treatment tank 1 is mainly composed of a cylindrical body 11 with one open end and an end cap 12 set at the open end; Second, the treatment tank 1 is mainly composed of a cylindrical body 11 with both open ends and two end caps 12 set at the open ends.

[0078] In both of the above structures, to ensure the airtightness of the treatment tank 1, it is preferable to use a cylindrical body 11 with an open top and an end cap 12 located at the open end to form the treatment tank 1. When the end cap 12 is connected to the cylindrical body 11, it can be connected by threads or by flanges. Regardless of the connection method, attention must be paid to the airtightness of the connection. In this case, the flue gas inlet 13 can be located on the bottom plate of the cylindrical body, and the flue gas outlet 14 can be located on the end cap.

[0079] In addition, the aforementioned treatment tank 1 is also equipped with a dispersion component 15, which is used to disperse and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank 1, so as to ensure that the thermal runaway flue gas and the alkaline solution can fully contact and react. The dispersion component 15 includes at least one foamed copper column, which is fixed to the flue gas inlet 13 during installation to disperse and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank 1. Foamed copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional pores in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on fluids. In use, it is processed into a columnar structure and installed on the flue gas inlet 13. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the bottom of the foamed copper column through the flue gas inlet 13, and then flows out through the side wall or top of the foamed copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0080] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a first one-way valve 16 is installed at the flue gas inlet 13 of the treatment tank 1. This first one-way valve 16 prevents the alkaline solution in the treatment tank 1 from flowing back. Simultaneously, a second one-way valve 17 can be installed at the flue gas outlet 14 of the treatment tank 1. The second one-way valve 17 is used to prevent the alkaline solution from evaporating. The second one-way valve 17 is a pressure valve; it opens when the pressure in the treatment tank 1 exceeds a threshold after thermal runaway flue gas flows into it. In other embodiments, a solenoid valve can also be installed at the flue gas outlet 14 of the treatment tank 1. This solenoid valve is a normally closed valve, which is closed under normal circumstances to prevent the alkaline solution from evaporating. When the battery runs out of control, the battery management system (BMS) opens the solenoid valve.

[0081] In addition, such as Figure 2 As shown, a perforated plate 18 can also be provided at the top of the inner cavity of the treatment tank 1. The perforated plate 18 is used to place an adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkaline solution, it will carry some alkaline solution. The alkaline solution can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the perforated plate 18, so that the gas discharged from the treatment tank 1 has better safety.

[0082] like Figure 1 As shown, the ignition unit 2 in this embodiment includes a flue gas pipeline 21 and at least one set of ignition components. The flue gas pipeline 21 is connected to the flue gas outlet 14 of the processing tank 1. The ignition components are connected to the flue gas pipeline 21. The number of ignition components can be set according to the number and requirements of the batteries in the energy storage system. It can be set to 1, 2, 3, or 4 sets, etc. Setting it to multiple sets can not only fully ignite the thermal runaway flue gas and ensure reliable ignition, but also avoid the safety hazards caused by the inability to reliably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas when a single ignition component fails or malfunctions.

[0083] like Figure 1As shown, a single ignition assembly includes an exhaust pipe 22 and an igniter 23 located at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 22. The exhaust pipe 22 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 21 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the exhaust pipes 22 of all ignition assemblies are connected to the flue gas pipeline 21). The igniter 23 is activated when any single cell in the energy storage system experiences thermal runaway. Subsequently, the thermal runaway flue gas, treated with an alkaline solution, is transported to the exhaust pipe 22 through the flue gas pipeline 21, and the igniter 23 ignites the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 22. The igniter 23 can be activated by a trigger 24 or by the BMS (Battery Management System). When activated by the trigger 24, the trigger 24 can be a sensor of different structures, which can be located inside the exhaust pipe 22 or on the flue gas pipeline 21 to detect parameters such as temperature, pressure, or gas volume fraction in real time. When a set threshold is exceeded, a signal is sent to activate the igniter 23. Specifically, the trigger 24 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor, a gas flow sensor, or a temperature sensor. When activated by the trigger 24, a flame arrester 25 can also be installed on the exhaust pipe 22. The flame arrester 25 is preferably a pipe flame arrester, used to prevent the flame from propagating downwards through the exhaust pipe and damaging the trigger 24 and other devices. When activated by the BMS, the BMS monitors the voltage, current, and temperature of each battery in the energy storage system in real time. When any battery experiences thermal runaway, and the voltage, current, and temperature exceed the threshold, the igniter 23 is activated.

[0084] The igniter 23 described above can have various structures, such as existing arc igniters or resistance wire igniters. Specifically, an arc igniter can be a pulse igniter, and its power supply can be either a dry cell battery or AC power, depending on the environment. If an arc igniter is used, it is installed at the top of the exhaust pipe 22. When the trigger 24 detects thermal runaway gas in the exhaust pipe 22, it sends a signal to the control circuit board of the arc igniter. The control circuit board connects the dry cell battery to the boost coil. After the boost coil increases the voltage, the air between the closely spaced arc generator heads in the arc igniter is ionized to form an arc, igniting the remaining thermal runaway gas. If a resistance wire igniter is used, it is installed at the top of the exhaust pipe 22. When the trigger 24 detects thermal runaway gas in the exhaust pipe 22, it sends a signal to the resistance wire igniter. The resistance wire of the resistance wire igniter is rapidly heated to the flammable temperature of the gas, subsequently igniting the remaining thermal runaway gas.

[0085] Example 4

[0086] If multiple batteries in an energy storage system experience thermal runaway, generating a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas, multiple ignition assemblies are required to treat the thermal runaway flue gas. In this case, based on Example 3, an adsorption process of an adsorption medium can be added. The residual gas after alkaline solution treatment is treated by the adsorption medium and then ignited. The adsorption medium treats part of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, so that fewer ignition assemblies are needed to completely treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0087] like Figure 3 As shown, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment is similar to that in embodiment 3. The difference from embodiment 3 is that the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment further includes an adsorption pipeline 3 disposed between the flue gas outlet 14 of the above-mentioned treatment tank 1 and the flue gas pipeline 21. The adsorption pipeline 3 is filled with an adsorption medium for treating the residual gas after treatment in the treatment tank 1.

[0088] The aforementioned adsorption pipeline 3 can specifically be a long and thin pipeline filled with an adsorption medium. The long and thin pipeline extends the adsorption path of the adsorption medium, allowing the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact and react with the adsorption medium in the long and thin pipeline. In specific connection, the end of the long and thin pipeline is provided with threads, one end of which is connected to the flue gas outlet 14 of the treatment tank 1 or to the second one-way valve 17, and the other end is connected to the flue gas pipeline 21.

[0089] The aforementioned adsorption pipeline 3 is filled with an adsorption medium, specifically activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicates, phosphates, or porous glass, etc., used to treat the residual gas after treatment in the treatment tank 1, for example, adsorbing excess H2, CO, methane, etc. Since the alkalinity within the treatment tank 1 has already treated the thermal runaway flue gas, the amount of adsorption medium filled in the adsorption pipeline 3 can be significantly reduced, thus greatly lowering the treatment cost of the thermal runaway flue gas.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway smoke treatment device, characterized in that, The application relates to a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device. The treatment tank body is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the treatment tank body is filled with 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkali solution, which is used for reacting and treating electrolyte and part of gas in thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway; The ignition unit is used for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas after the alkali solution treatment.

2. The thermal runaway gas fume treatment device of claim 1, wherein, The alkali solution in the treatment tank body is 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution.

3. The thermal runaway gas handling device of claim 1, wherein, The alkali solution in the treatment tank body is 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

4. The thermal runaway smoke gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein, The flue gas inlet of the treatment tank body is provided with a first one-way valve, and the flue gas outlet is provided with a second one-way valve.

5. The thermal runaway smoke gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein, The cavity top of the treatment tank body is further provided with a porous plate.

6. The thermal runaway gas fume treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The ignition unit comprises a flue gas pipeline and at least one group of ignition assemblies; the flue gas pipeline is connected with the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank body; the ignition assembly comprises an exhaust pipe and an igniter; the exhaust pipe is connected with the flue gas pipeline; and the igniter is used for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas exhausted from the exhaust pipe.

7. The thermal runaway smoke gas treatment device of claim 6, wherein, The application further comprises an adsorption pipeline connected between the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank body and the flue gas pipeline inlet; and the adsorption pipeline is filled with adsorption medium.

8. The thermal runaway smoke gas treatment device of claim 7, wherein, The adsorption medium is active carbon.

9. The thermal runaway smoke gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The treatment tank body comprises a cylinder body with an open top and an end cover sealingly arranged at the open end; The flue gas inlet is arranged on the bottom plate of the cylinder body, and the flue gas outlet is arranged on the end cover.

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