Lakeside wetland ecological restoration system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of water ecosystem restoration, in particular to a lakeside wetland ecological restoration system. Comprising a slope belt and a horizontal belt which are connected, the slope belt forms an upward included angle theta relative to the horizontal belt, the range of theta is 5-30 degrees, the horizontal belt is close to the water source side, and a bank zone protection slope is arranged on the side, away from the horizontal belt, of the slope belt; the horizontal belt is provided with a bent bamboo raft wave dissipation area and a pipe bag cofferdam area, and the bent bamboo raft wave dissipation area is close to the water source side and is provided with a bamboo raft counterweight; the slope belt is provided with a floating-leaf plant wave dissipation belt, an underwater three-dimensional structure and an emergent aquatic plant wave dissipation belt, and the floating-leaf plant wave dissipation belt is arranged close to the pipe bag cofferdam area. By using the ecological restoration system, stormy waves can be well reduced, bottom mud stirring is reduced, the transparency of a water body is improved, and meanwhile the landscape and function requirements of most lakeside wetland zones are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aquatic ecosystem restoration technology, specifically a lakeside wetland ecological restoration system. Background Technology

[0002] Lakeside wetlands are an important component of lake basin ecosystems, representing a longitudinal extension of the lakeshore zone. They also serve as a crucial protective layer for lake water quality and ecology, playing a vital role in the efficient use of lake water and the protection of the shoreline. Lakeside wetlands are essential for the safety of lake water quality and the health of the aquatic ecosystem, acting as an indispensable protective barrier and preventative measure for the lake's aquatic environment. Currently, the restoration of rivers and lakes largely utilizes the construction of underwater ecosystems, and the same principle applies to many lakeside wetlands. However, compared to inland lakes or rivers, lakeside wetlands face the challenge of wind and wave disturbance. Addressing this disturbance is a key issue that needs to be resolved in the construction of lakeside wetlands.

[0003] Currently, the most commonly used wave dissipation methods are cofferdams, weirs, and pipe piles. Large freshwater lakes typically have a depth of 2-3 meters and are characterized by their large size, long wind distances, and large waves. Cofferdams, due to their materials and fixing methods, are easily damaged by wind and waves, leading to disruption of the lakeside wetlands. Weirs cause changes in the lake's topography and are expensive. Pipe pile wave dissipation is costly and affects navigation. Therefore, optimizing wave dissipation methods is a major challenge in the ecological restoration of large lakes. Utility Model Content

[0004] The problem to be solved is to provide a solution to reduce wind and wave disturbance in lakeside wetlands.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a lakeside wetland ecological restoration system, comprising an adjacent sloping zone and a horizontal zone, the sloping zone forming an upward angle θ with respect to the horizontal zone, the range of θ being 5° to 30°, the horizontal zone being closer to the water source side, and the sloping zone being away from the horizontal zone having a bank protection slope; the horizontal zone having a curved bamboo raft wave-dissipating area and a tubular cofferdam area, the curved bamboo raft wave-dissipating area being closer to the water source side and having bamboo raft counterweights; the sloping zone having a floating-leaved plant wave-dissipating zone, an underwater three-dimensional structure, and an emergent plant wave-dissipating zone, the floating-leaved plant wave-dissipating zone being located closer to the tubular cofferdam area; the tubular cofferdam area comprising a tubular layer one and a tubular layer two, the width of tubular layer one being L1, and the width of tubular layer two being L2 (L1-4). <L2<L1。

[0006] Preferably, the wave-dissipating zone of the curved bamboo rafts includes 3-4 rows of bamboo rafts, with a raft size of 3*6m.

[0007] Preferably, the second tube bag layer also includes a third tube bag layer and a fourth tube bag layer. The width of the third tube bag layer is L3, and the width of the fourth tube bag layer is L4. L3 and L4 satisfy the following relationship: (L1-8) <L3<(L1-4),<L4<(L1-8)。

[0008] Preferably, the underwater three-dimensional structure includes submerged plants, fish and benthic animals. The submerged plants include tall plants and dwarf plants. Tall plants are planted in water depths of 1-2m, and dwarf plants are planted in water depths of less than 1m.

[0009] Preferably, the emergent plant wave-dissipating strip has underwater three-dimensional structures on both sides, the width of the emergent plant wave-dissipating strip is 5m-10m, the perimeter of the emergent plant wave-dissipating strip is covered with geomembrane, and the upper part is planted with variegated reed and / or cattail.

[0010] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model provides a lakeside wetland ecological restoration system with the following beneficial effects: By constructing three wave-dissipating zones—a curved bamboo raft wave-dissipating zone, a tubular cofferdam zone, and a floating-leaved plant wave-dissipating zone—various forms of long-range waves at the front end are effectively reduced, creating favorable conditions for the construction of lakeside wetlands. Simultaneously, the planting of submerged plants in an underwater three-dimensional structure, the introduction of aquatic animals, and the installation of a mid-section emergent plant wave-dissipating zone reduce sediment disturbance and improve water transparency. This system meets most of the landscape and functional needs of lakeside wetlands, reduces the release of endogenous pollution, increases biodiversity, and provides strong support for aquatic ecological restoration. It offers a good template for the construction of lakeside wetlands. The tubular cofferdam zone of this ecological restoration system utilizes in-situ silt, balancing silt disposal with economic efficiency. It is simple to construct, uses inexpensive materials, significantly reduces waves at different levels, and the materials are sturdy and durable, making it highly suitable for widespread application and demonstration. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of this utility model;

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cofferdam area involving the tubular bag in this utility model;

[0013] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Wave-dissipating zone of curved bamboo raft; 2. Counterweight of bamboo raft; 3. Cofferdam zone of tubular bags; 31. First layer of tubular bags; 32. Second layer of tubular bags; 33. Third layer of tubular bags; 34. Fourth layer of tubular bags; 4. Wave-dissipating zone of floating-leaved plants; 5. Underwater three-dimensional structure; 6. Wave-dissipating zone of emergent plants; 7. Shoreline protection; 8. Slope zone; 9. Horizontal zone. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the present utility model will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model:

[0015] How to reduce wind waves economically, effectively and durably in the lakeside wetland zone and how to construct a stable lakeside wetland zone are important issues in the current water ecological restoration process. To solve the problems raised in the background technology, the utility model provides a construction mode of a lakeside wetland zone ecosystem, which has the advantages of wind wave prevention, cheap materials, simple construction, long-term stability, etc., and can effectively solve the above technical problems.

[0016] As shown in the figure, a lakeside wetland ecological restoration system includes an adjacent slope zone 8 and a horizontal zone 9. The slope zone 8 forms an upward included angle θ with the horizontal zone 9, and the range of θ is 5° to 30°. The horizontal zone 9 is close to the water source side. On the side of the slope zone 8 far from the horizontal zone 9, there is a bank slope protection 7. Generally, the wind waves of the lake scour the coastal zone severely. The bank slope protection 7 uses wooden piles to enclose the coastal zone, reducing soil erosion while improving the water body stability and transparency, achieving the effect of clear water and green banks. On the horizontal zone 9, there are a curved bamboo raft wave dissipation area 1 and a tube bag cofferdam area 3. The curved bamboo raft wave dissipation area 1 is close to the water source side and has a bamboo raft counterweight 2. The bamboo raft counterweight 2 increases the counterweight of the curved bamboo raft wave dissipation area 1 and plays an anchoring role for the curved bamboo raft wave dissipation area 1. Generally, 3 - 4 rows of curved bamboo rafts are installed on the windward side, and each row can be adjusted according to the size of the wetland. The conventional size of the bamboo raft is 3 * 6m. While directly breaking the surface waves through the curved bamboo rafts, the waves are guided, and the waves break by falling through the gravitational potential energy. As Figure 1 shown, the tube bag cofferdam area 3 includes a first tube bag layer 31 and a second tube bag layer 32. The width of the first tube bag layer 31 is L1, and the width of the second tube bag layer 32 is L2. L1 and L2 satisfy the following relational formula: (L1 - 4) < L2 < L1. There is also an embodiment as Figure 2 shown. On the second tube bag layer 32, there are also a third tube bag layer 33 and a fourth tube bag layer 34. The width of the third tube bag layer 33 is L3, and the width of the fourth tube bag layer 34 is L4. L3 and L4 satisfy the following relational formula: (L1 - 8) < L3 < (L1 - 4), 0 < L4 < (L1 - 8); the tube bag cofferdam area 3 includes 2 - 4 layers of tube bag layers. Generally, the width of the bottommost tube bag layer is 10m, and the height H of each layer does not exceed 1m. The upper layer is narrower, and the upper layer is not more than 4m less than the lower layer. By absorbing, refracting and diffracting the subsurface waves through the tube bag cofferdam area 3, while reducing the energy of the subsurface waves, the refracted and diffracted wave energy forms a standing wave after intersecting with the surface waves, and the weakened standing wave breaks by itself through the gravitational potential energy; according to the hydraulic parameters of the local large lake, the tube bag cofferdam area 3 uses in-situ silt for solidification and canning, which can economically and effectively complete the dredging project while completing the wave dissipation function of the tube bag cofferdam area 3.

[0017] The slope zone 8 includes a floating-leaved plant wave-dissipating zone 4, an underwater three-dimensional structure 5, and an emergent plant wave-dissipating zone 6. The floating-leaved plant wave-dissipating zone 4 is located near the cofferdam area 3, and the emergent plant wave-dissipating zone 6 is equipped with underwater three-dimensional structures 5 on both sides. The underwater three-dimensional structure 5 includes submerged plants, fish, and benthic animals. Different emergent plants are typically planted at different depths, primarily using native flora and fauna based on local research. For depths of 1-2 meters, tall plants such as *Myriophyllum spicatum*, *Potamogeton pectinatus*, *Potamogeton malaianus*, and *Hydrilla verticillata* are used, with a planting density of approximately 100 plants / m². For depths less than 1 meter, dwarf plants are used as the main structure, such as *Vallisneria natans*, *Ceratophyllum demersum*, and *Hydrilla verticillata*, with a planting density of approximately 150 plants / m². Fish are primarily filter-feeding species, such as silver carp and bighead carp, with a stocking density of 33-50 g / m³. Benthic animals mainly consist of snails, clams, and mussels, with a stocking density of 250-300 g / m². Constructing the underwater three-dimensional structure 5 further stabilizes the bottom sediment, facilitates filter feeding on suspended solids and algae, improves water transparency and stability, and enhances the aesthetic appeal. Considering the internal waves generated by long-range winds within the wetland, an emergent plant wave-dissipating zone 6 can be added, depending on the size of the wetland. The width of this zone is generally 5-10 meters, with variegated reeds, cattails, etc., planted on top, and covered with geomembrane to prevent spread. After completion, damping oscillations are used to reduce internal wind waves. The floating-leaved plant wave-dissipating zone 4 mainly consists of two layers of soft enclosures, with a planting net sewn between them. The top is planted with *Leymus chinensis* or other trailing plants. The width of the floating-leaved plant wave-dissipating zone 4 is generally 6 meters, but parameters can be adjusted according to specific environmental conditions. It uses the principle of damping oscillations to further reduce front-end wind waves.

[0018] After the system is built, the waves on the lake will be attenuated by passing through the curved bamboo raft wave-dissipating zone 1, and then absorbed, refracted, and diffracted by the pipe-bag cofferdam zone 3. The floating-leaved plant wave-dissipating zone 4 will further reduce the waves at the front end, and the emergent plant wave-dissipating zone 6 will reduce them again. The underwater three-dimensional structure 5 will fix the bottom sediment, filter suspended solids and algae, improve transparency and water stability, and take into account the landscape effect. The shoreline slope protection 7 will reduce soil erosion while improving water stability and transparency. Using this ecological restoration system, the waves can be effectively reduced, the bottom sediment can be less disturbed, and the water transparency can be improved, while meeting the landscape and functional needs of most lakeside wetlands.

[0019] The above embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A riparian wetland ecological restoration system, characterized in that: The invention relates to a bank protection structure, which comprises a slope zone (8) and a horizontal zone (9) connected with each other, the slope zone (8) forms an upward angle θ with the horizontal zone (9), the angle θ ranges from 5° to 30°, the horizontal zone (9) is close to the water source side, and the side of the slope zone (8) far from the horizontal zone (9) is provided with a bank protection slope (7); the horizontal zone (9) is provided with a curved bamboo row wave dissipation zone (1) and a tube bag cofferdam zone (3), the curved bamboo row wave dissipation zone (1) is close to the water source side and is provided with a bamboo row counterweight (2); the slope zone (8) is provided with a floating leaf plant wave dissipation zone (4), an underwater three-dimensional structure (5) and an emergent plant wave dissipation zone (6), the floating leaf plant wave dissipation zone (4) is arranged close to the tube bag cofferdam zone (3); the tube bag cofferdam zone (3) comprises a tube bag layer one (31) and a tube bag layer two (32), the width of the tube bag layer one (31) is L1, the width of the tube bag layer two (32) is L2, (L1-4)<L2<L1.

2. The riparian wetland ecological remediation system of claim 1, wherein: The curved bamboo row wave dissipation zone (1) comprises 3-4 rows of bamboo rows, and the size of the bamboo row is 3*6m.

3. The riparian wetland ecological remediation system of claim 2, wherein: The tube bag layer two (32) is further provided with a tube bag layer three (33) and a tube bag layer four (34), the width of the tube bag layer three (33) is L3, the width of the tube bag layer four (34) is L4, and L3, L4 satisfy the following relationship: (L1-8)<L3<(L1-4), (0)<L4<(L1-8).

4. The riparian wetland ecological remediation system of claim 3, wherein: The underwater three-dimensional structure (5) comprises submerged plants, fish and benthic animals, the submerged plants comprise high-stem plants and dwarf plants, the high-stem plants are planted in water with a depth of 1-2m, and the dwarf plants are planted in water with a depth of less than 1m.

5. The riparian wetland ecological remediation system of claim 4, wherein: Both sides of the emergent plant wave dissipation zone (6) are provided with the underwater three-dimensional structure (5), the width of the emergent plant wave dissipation zone (6) is 5m-10m, the emergent plant wave dissipation zone (6) is covered with a geomembrane around, and the upper part of the emergent plant wave dissipation zone (6) is planted with flower leaf bamboo and / or cattail.

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