Direct-cooling battery pack and energy storage system with same

Abstract

The utility model provides a direct-cooling battery pack and an energy storage system with the same, the direct-cooling battery pack comprises a direct-cooling plate, a box body, a battery cell and a refrigerant pipeline, the box body is arranged on the direct-cooling plate, and an accommodating cavity is formed in the box body; the battery cell is arranged in the accommodating cavity; the refrigerant pipeline is arranged on the upper end face of the direct cooling plate so as to be attached to the lower end face of the battery cell, the refrigerant pipeline is arranged in a snakelike line shape, and the outlet end and the inlet end of the refrigerant pipeline are arranged on the same side of the direct cooling plate at an interval; the linear pipe section extends in the first direction of the direct cooling plate; the U-shaped pipe sections extend in the refrigerant pipeline, the U-shaped pipe sections and the linear pipe sections are alternately arranged, and the bending directions of the adjacent U-shaped pipe sections are opposite. The direct-cooling battery pack disclosed by the utility model has the advantages that the uniformity of the average temperature of the direct-cooling plate is ensured, and the heat conduction capability is uniform, so that the temperature uniformity of the battery cells is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model generally relates to the technical field of battery pack structure, and more specifically to a direct-cooled battery pack and an energy storage system having therein. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy sources, such as the widespread application of solar and wind power, the importance of energy storage systems is becoming increasingly prominent. Energy storage systems require efficient, safe, and reliable battery packs to store and release electrical energy to meet various needs such as grid peak shaving, distributed energy integration, and electric vehicle charging.

[0003] Battery performance, lifespan, and safety are all closely related to temperature. High temperatures and uneven temperature distribution will significantly reduce battery cycle life and charge / discharge efficiency. If the battery temperature continues to rise and reaches the critical temperature for thermal runaway, it will cause the battery to catch fire or even explode. On the other hand, lithium-ion batteries experience increased internal resistance, heat generation, and energy consumption at low temperatures. Therefore, controlling the battery to operate within its optimal temperature range, minimizing the maximum temperature difference between cells, and ensuring temperature uniformity among individual cells are crucial. To ensure the battery temperature remains safe and operational, thermal management technology is typically employed to regulate temperature within battery cells. As a vital component of the battery system, thermal management technology combines the battery's electrochemical heat generation characteristics with its temperature-dependent characteristics. Through rational heat exchange system and component design, and the development of appropriate cooling parameter control strategies, it comprehensively improves battery performance and lifespan. Common battery thermal management technologies include air cooling, liquid cooling, and direct cooling.

[0004] Direct cooling technology utilizes a refrigerant as the cooling medium, achieving efficient heat dissipation directly through the latent heat of phase change. Direct cooling offers high cooling efficiency, a compact system, no leakage leading to electrical safety hazards, and meets fast charging requirements; however, it demands high system control capabilities. In the direct cooling base plate of a direct-cooling battery heat exchange structure, the refrigerant transmission pipeline is a single line extending from one end of the plate to the other. The temperature of the cold plate gradually increases from the inlet to the outlet, resulting in uneven temperature distribution on the cold plate surface. This affects the temperature consistency of the battery pack, consequently impacting battery performance, lifespan, and safety.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need to provide a directly cooled battery pack and an energy storage system thereon to at least partially solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model description section introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. This utility model description section is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0007] To at least partially solve the above problems, this utility model provides a direct-cooling battery pack, comprising: a direct-cooling plate; a housing disposed on the direct-cooling plate, the housing having an internal cavity; battery cells disposed within the cavity; a refrigerant pipe disposed on the upper surface of the direct-cooling plate and fitted to the lower surface of the battery cells, the refrigerant pipe being arranged in a serpentine shape, the refrigerant pipe comprising: an inlet end; an outlet end, the outlet end and the inlet end being spaced apart and disposed on the same side of the direct-cooling plate; and a straight pipe section. The straight pipe segment extends along a first direction of the straight cooling plate, and a plurality of straight pipe segments are arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart along a second direction of the straight cooling plate. The outermost straight pipe segment along the second direction is connected to one of the inlet end and the outlet end, and another straight pipe segment adjacent to the outermost straight pipe segment along the second direction is connected to the other of the inlet end and the outlet end; and a U-shaped pipe segment is arranged alternately with the straight pipe segment along the extension direction of the refrigerant pipe, and the bending directions of adjacent U-shaped pipe segments are opposite.

[0008] Optionally, adjacent straight pipe segments are arranged at equal intervals.

[0009] Optionally, the direct-cooled battery pack further includes a thermal pad disposed between the refrigerant pipe and the battery cell, the thermal pad having a contour shape that matches the contour shape of the lower end face of the battery cell.

[0010] Optionally, the upper end face of the thermal pad is fitted to the lower end face of the battery cell, and the lower end face of the thermal pad is fitted to the refrigerant pipe.

[0011] Optionally, the thermal pad includes: a first thermal pad disposed on a portion of the lower end face of the battery cell; and a second thermal pad that is joined and spliced ​​with the first thermal pad to form a single unit, and the second thermal pad is disposed on another portion of the lower end face of the battery cell.

[0012] Optionally, the direct-cooled battery pack further includes symmetrically arranged support frames, which are disposed at both ends of the direct-cooling plate along the first direction of the direct-cooling plate; the battery cell further includes: two paired end plates, which are disposed at both ends of the extending direction of the battery cell, the bottom end of the end plate being detachably mounted on the upper end surface of the support frame, and the lower end surface of the battery cell being attached to the upper end surface of the thermal pad.

[0013] Optionally, the direct cooling plate includes: a mounting groove, the upper end of the mounting groove having an opening, the mounting groove being disposed on the upper end face of the direct cooling plate, the extension direction of the mounting groove being consistent with the extension direction of the refrigerant pipe, the shape of the mounting groove being adapted to the shape of the refrigerant pipe, and the refrigerant pipe being embedded in the mounting groove.

[0014] Optionally, the direct-cooled battery pack further includes an upper cover plate, which is disposed on the upper end face of the battery cell, and the upper cover plate is disposed around the top of the side wall of the housing.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an energy storage system is also provided, comprising the aforementioned direct-cooled battery pack.

[0016] The direct-cooled battery pack according to this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0017] A refrigerant pipeline is added to the direct-cooled battery pack. This pipeline is located on the upper surface of the direct-cooling plate, fitting snugly against the lower surface of the battery cells. The refrigerant pipeline is arranged in a serpentine shape. Furthermore, straight sections within the pipeline extend along the first direction of the direct-cooling plate, while multiple straight sections are parallel and spaced apart along a second direction. U-shaped sections also extend along the pipeline's extension direction, alternating with straight sections, with adjacent U-shaped sections bending in opposite directions. This ensures the refrigerant pipeline is completely positioned on the lower surface of the battery cells, effectively improving heat exchange between the cells and the pipeline. When the battery cell temperature exceeds 25°C, cooling is required. Refrigerant is introduced into the inlet of the pipeline, vaporizing along its extension direction to carry away the heat generated by the cells, and finally flowing out from the outlet, completing one heat exchange cycle. In this process, the first refrigerant inlet pipe section and the last refrigerant outlet pipe section are adjacent, the second refrigerant inlet pipe section and the second refrigerant outlet pipe section are adjacent, and so on. The average temperature between adjacent inlet and outlet straight pipe sections in the refrigerant pipeline is equal, ensuring the consistency of the average temperature of the straight cooling plate and the uniformity of heat conduction, thereby ensuring the temperature consistency of the battery cells.

[0018] Conversely, when the direct cooling plate of this invention heats the direct-cooled battery pack in reverse, the average temperature between adjacent inlet and outlet straight pipe sections remains the same. This flow channel structure also has temperature uniformity, thereby ensuring the consistency of the cell temperature. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The following drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present invention, are incorporated herein as part of the present invention for understanding the invention. The drawings show embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions, serving to explain the principles of the present invention. In the drawings,

[0020] Figure 1This is an exploded structural diagram of a direct-cooled battery pack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the structure after the top cover plate is removed;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of the direct cooling plate and refrigerant pipes;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the refrigerant pipe embedded in the mounting groove at point I; and

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the battery cells and the support frame of a direct-cooled battery pack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 10: Direct cooling plate; DL: First direction of direct cooling plate 10; DW: Second direction of direct cooling plate 10; 11: Mounting groove; 20: Housing; 21: Receiving cavity; 22: Side wall of housing 20; 30: Battery cell; 31: Upper end face of battery cell 30; 32: Lower end face of battery cell 30; 33: End plate; 40: Refrigerant pipe; 41: Inlet end; 42: Outlet end; 43: Straight pipe section; 44: U-shaped pipe section; 50: Thermal pad; 50a: Upper end face of thermal pad 50; 50b: Lower end face of thermal pad 50; 51: First thermal pad; 52: Second thermal pad; 60: Support frame; 70: Top cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described in order to avoid confusion with embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] To fully understand the embodiments of this utility model, a detailed structure will be presented in the following description. Obviously, the implementation of the embodiments of this utility model is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this utility model provides a direct-cooling battery pack, which includes: a direct-cooling plate 10, a housing 20, battery cells 30, and a refrigerant pipe 40.

[0030] In an embodiment of this utility model, the housing 20 is disposed on the direct cooling plate 10, and the interior of the housing 20 has a receiving cavity 21.

[0031] The battery cell 30 is disposed within the receiving cavity 21.

[0032] The refrigerant pipe 40 is disposed on the upper end face of the direct cooling plate 10 to fit against the lower end face 32 of the battery cell 30. The refrigerant pipe 40 is arranged in a serpentine shape. The refrigerant pipe 40 includes an inlet end 41 and an outlet end 42, which is disposed on the same side of the direct cooling plate 10 at intervals with the inlet end 41.

[0033] The straight pipe segment 43 extends along the first direction DL of the straight cooling plate 10. Multiple straight pipe segments 43 are parallel and spaced apart along the second direction DW of the straight cooling plate 10. The outermost straight pipe segment 43 along the second direction DW is connected to one of the inlet end 41 and the outlet end 42. Another straight pipe segment 43 adjacent to the outermost straight pipe segment 43 along the second direction DW is connected to the other of the inlet end 41 and the outlet end 42.

[0034] The U-shaped pipe segment 44 extends along the extension direction of the refrigerant pipe 40. The U-shaped pipe segment 44 and the straight pipe segment 43 are alternately arranged, and the bending directions of adjacent U-shaped pipe segments 44 are opposite. In this invention, a refrigerant pipe 40 is added to the direct-cooled battery pack. The refrigerant pipe 40 is disposed on the upper end face of the direct-cooling plate 10 to fit against the lower end face 32 of the battery cell 30. The refrigerant pipe 40 is arranged in a serpentine shape. Furthermore, the straight pipe segments 43 in the refrigerant pipe 40 extend along the first direction DL of the direct-cooling plate 10. Multiple straight pipe segments 43 are parallel and spaced apart along the second direction DW of the direct-cooling plate 10. Simultaneously, the U-shaped pipe segments 44 extend along the extension direction of the refrigerant pipe 40. The U-shaped pipe segments 44 and the straight pipe segments 43 are alternately arranged, and the bending directions of adjacent U-shaped pipe segments 44 are opposite. This ensures that the refrigerant pipe 40 can be completely laid out on the lower end face 32 of the battery cell 30, effectively improving heat exchange between the battery cell 30 and the refrigerant pipe 40. When the temperature of the battery cell 30 exceeds 25°C, it needs to be cooled down. Refrigerant is introduced into the inlet 41 of the refrigerant pipe 40. The refrigerant vaporizes along the extension direction of the pipe, carrying away the heat generated by the battery cell 30, and finally flows out from the outlet 42, completing one heat exchange cycle. During this process, the first refrigerant inlet pipe section and the last refrigerant outlet pipe section are adjacent, the next refrigerant inlet pipe section and the next refrigerant outlet pipe section are adjacent, and so on. The average temperature between adjacent inlet and outlet straight pipe sections 43 in the refrigerant pipe 40 is equal, ensuring the consistency of the average temperature of the direct cooling plate 10 and uniform thermal conductivity, thereby ensuring the temperature consistency of the battery cell 30.

[0035] Conversely, when the direct cooling plate of this invention heats the direct-cooled battery pack in reverse, the average temperature between adjacent inlet and outlet straight pipe sections 43 remains the same. This flow channel structure also has temperature uniformity, thereby ensuring the consistency of the cell temperature 30.

[0036] It should be noted that the first direction DL of the direct cooling plate 10 can be the length direction of the direct cooling plate 10, and the second direction DW can be the width direction of the direct cooling plate 10.

[0037] In some preferred embodiments of this invention, the average temperature between adjacent straight pipe sections 43 is equal. This ensures the consistency of the average temperature of the direct cooling plate 10 and the uniformity of its thermal conductivity, thereby guaranteeing the temperature consistency of the battery cell 30.

[0038] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some preferred embodiments of this utility model, adjacent straight pipe segments 43 are arranged at equal intervals. In this way, when cooling or heating the battery cell 30, the average temperature between adjacent straight pipe segments 43 can be made equal, thereby ensuring the overall temperature uniformity of the direct cooling plate 10, and further ensuring uniform cooling or heating of the battery cell 30.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, in some preferred embodiments of this utility model, the direct-cooled battery pack further includes a thermally conductive pad 50, which is disposed between the refrigerant pipe 40 and the battery cell 30. The outline shape of the thermally conductive pad 50 matches the outline shape of the lower end face of the battery cell 30. By adding the thermally conductive pad 50 and making its outline shape match the outline shape of the lower end face of the battery cell 30, the uniformity of heat transfer can be effectively improved. When it is necessary to cool down the battery cell 30, the heat of the battery cell 30 is uniformly transferred to the refrigerant pipe 40 through the thermally conductive pad 50. Conversely, when it is necessary to heat the battery cell 30, the heat in the refrigerant pipe 40 is uniformly transferred to the battery cell 30 through the thermally conductive pad 50, thereby achieving the purpose of uniformly heating the battery cell 30.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, in some preferred embodiments of this invention, the upper end surface 50a of the thermal pad 50 is attached to the lower end surface 32 of the battery cell 30, and the lower end surface 50b of the thermal pad 50 is attached to the refrigerant pipe 40. This ensures uniform heat exchange, guarantees the overall temperature uniformity of the direct cooling plate 10, and simultaneously ensures the overall temperature uniformity of the battery cell 30.

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, in some preferred embodiments of this utility model, the thermal pad 50 includes a first thermal pad 51 and a second thermal pad 52. The first thermal pad 51 is disposed on a portion of the lower end face 32 of the battery cell 30. The second thermal pad 52 is joined and spliced ​​with the first thermal pad 51 to form a single unit, and is disposed on the other portion of the lower end face 32 of the battery cell 30. Distributing the thermal pad 50 into two parts facilitates its installation and removal, avoids excessively large surface areas that could lead to damage during installation or removal, and prevents unevenness during installation. Furthermore, it ensures that the thermal pad 50 has good heat transfer properties.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the thermal pad 50 may be made of thermally conductive silicone.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the direct-cooled battery pack further includes symmetrically arranged support frames 60, which are disposed at both ends of the direct-cooling plate 10 along the first direction DL of the direct-cooling plate 10.

[0044] The battery cell 30 also includes two paired end plates 33, which are located at both ends of the battery cell 30 in its extending direction. The bottom end of the end plate 33 is detachably mounted to the upper surface of the support frame 60, and the lower end surface 32 of the battery cell 30 is fitted against the upper end surface 50a of the thermal pad 50. The end plates 33 are detachably mounted at both ends of the battery cell 30 in its extending direction, and can also be fixed to the upper surface of the support frame 60 by screws or rivets, thereby achieving overall installation and fixation of the battery cell 30. Furthermore, after the battery cell 30 is installed, the lower end surface 32 of the battery cell 30 is in close contact with the upper end surface 50a of the thermal pad 50, ensuring heat transfer between the battery cell 30 and the thermal pad 50.

[0045] It should be noted that the so-called "extension direction of cell 30" refers to the length direction of cell 30.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, in some preferred embodiments of this utility model, the direct cooling plate 10 includes a mounting groove 11 with an opening at its upper end. The mounting groove 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the direct cooling plate 10, and its extension direction is consistent with the extension direction of the refrigerant pipe 40. The shape of the mounting groove 11 is adapted to the shape of the refrigerant pipe 40, and the refrigerant pipe 40 is embedded in the mounting groove 11. The mounting groove 11 facilitates the installation of the refrigerant pipe 40. By embedding the refrigerant pipe 40 in the mounting groove 11, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant pipe 40 from moving along the first direction DL and the second direction DW of the direct cooling plate 10, thus ensuring that the refrigerant pipe 40 has good heat exchange performance.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, in some preferred embodiments of this utility model, the direct-cooled battery pack further includes an upper cover plate 70, which is disposed on the upper end surface 31 of the battery cell 30, and the periphery of the upper cover plate 70 is disposed on the top of the side wall 22 of the housing 20. The periphery of the upper cover plate 70 can be fastened to the top of the side wall 22 of the housing 20 by screws or rivets, thereby protecting the battery cell 30 inside the housing 20.

[0048] In some preferred embodiments of this invention, the direct-cooled battery pack further includes thermally conductive adhesive (not shown in the figure), which is disposed between the mounting groove 11 and the refrigerant pipe 40. The thermally conductive adhesive serves two purposes: firstly, it enables the installation and fixation of the refrigerant pipe 40 within the mounting groove 11; secondly, it provides good thermal conductivity.

[0049] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the thermally conductive adhesive may be an epoxy resin thermally conductive adhesive, a polyurethane thermally conductive adhesive, or an organosilicon thermally conductive adhesive.

[0050] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an energy storage system is also provided, comprising the directly cooled battery pack described in the above embodiments.

[0051] In summary, the direct-cooled battery pack of this invention includes a refrigerant pipe 40, which is disposed on the upper surface of the direct-cooling plate 10 to fit snugly against the lower surface 32 of the battery cell 30. The refrigerant pipe 40 is arranged in a serpentine shape. Furthermore, straight pipe segments 43 in the refrigerant pipe 40 extend along the first direction DL of the direct-cooling plate 10, and multiple straight pipe segments 43 are parallel and spaced apart along the second direction DW of the direct-cooling plate 10. Simultaneously, U-shaped pipe segments 44 extend along the extension direction of the refrigerant pipe 40, with U-shaped pipe segments 44 and straight pipe segments 43 alternating, and adjacent U-shaped pipe segments 44 having opposite bending directions. This ensures that the refrigerant pipe 40 can be completely disposed on the lower surface 32 of the battery cell 30, effectively improving heat exchange between the battery cell 30 and the refrigerant pipe 40. When the temperature of the battery cell 30 exceeds 25°C, it needs to be cooled down. Refrigerant is introduced into the inlet 41 of the refrigerant pipe 40. The refrigerant vaporizes along the extension direction of the pipe, carrying away the heat generated by the battery cell 30, and finally flows out from the outlet 42, completing one heat exchange cycle. During this process, the first refrigerant inlet pipe section and the last refrigerant outlet pipe section are adjacent, the next refrigerant inlet pipe section and the next refrigerant outlet pipe section are adjacent, and so on. The average temperature between adjacent inlet and outlet straight pipe sections 43 in the refrigerant pipe 40 is equal, ensuring the consistency of the average temperature of the direct cooling plate 10 and uniform thermal conductivity, thereby ensuring the temperature consistency of the battery cell 30.

[0052] Conversely, when the direct cooling plate of this invention heats the direct-cooled battery pack in reverse, the average temperature between adjacent inlet and outlet straight pipe sections 43 remains the same. This flow channel structure also has temperature uniformity, thereby ensuring the consistency of the cell temperature 30.

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Terms such as “set” appearing herein can refer to either a component being directly attached to another component or a component being attached to another component via an intermediary. A feature described in one embodiment may be applied, alone or in combination with other features, to another embodiment, unless that feature is not applicable in that other embodiment or is otherwise stated.

[0054] This utility model has been described through the above embodiments. However, it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit this utility model to the described embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that many more variations and modifications can be made based on the teachings of this utility model, and all such variations and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A direct-cooled battery pack, characterized by, The direct cooling battery pack comprises: a direct cooling plate; a box body provided on the direct cooling plate, the inside of the box body having a receiving cavity; a battery cell provided in the receiving cavity; a refrigerant pipe provided on the upper end surface of the direct cooling plate and fitted on the lower end surface of the battery cell, the refrigerant pipe being provided in a serpentine shape, the refrigerant pipe comprising: an inlet end; an outlet end provided on the same side of the direct cooling plate as the inlet end; a straight pipe segment extending along a first direction of the direct cooling plate, a plurality of the straight pipe segments being provided in parallel and in a second direction of the direct cooling plate, one of the straight pipe segments located at the outermost side in the second direction being connected to one of the inlet end and the outlet end, another of the straight pipe segments adjacent to the straight pipe segment located at the outermost side in the second direction being connected to the other of the inlet end and the outlet end; and a U-shaped pipe segment, the U-shaped pipe segment and the straight pipe segment being alternately provided in the extension direction of the refrigerant pipe, and the bending directions of adjacent U-shaped pipe segments being opposite.

2. The direct-cooled battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The adjacent straight pipe segments are arranged at equal intervals.

3. The direct-cooled battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The direct cooling battery pack further comprises a heat-conducting pad provided between the refrigerant pipe and the battery cell, the heat-conducting pad having a contour shape matching that of the lower end surface of the battery cell.

4. The direct-cooled battery pack of claim 3, wherein, The upper end surface of the heat-conducting pad is fitted on the lower end surface of the battery cell, and the lower end surface of the heat-conducting pad is fitted on the refrigerant pipe.

5. The direct-cooled battery pack of claim 3, wherein, The heat-conducting pad comprises: a first heat-conducting pad provided on a part of the lower end surface of the battery cell; and a second heat-conducting pad integrally connected to the first heat-conducting pad, the second heat-conducting pad being provided on another part of the lower end surface of the battery cell.

6. The direct-cooled battery pack of claim 5, wherein, The direct cooling battery pack further comprises support frames provided symmetrically on both ends of the direct cooling plate along the first direction of the direct cooling plate. The battery cell further comprises: two pairs of end plates provided on both ends in the extension direction of the battery cell, the bottom ends of the end plates being detachably mounted on the upper end surface of the support frames, and the lower end surface of the battery cell being fitted on the upper end surface of the heat-conducting pad.

7. The direct-cooled battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The direct cooling plate comprises: a mounting groove having an opening on the upper end, the mounting groove being provided on the upper end surface of the direct cooling plate, the extension direction of the mounting groove being consistent with the extension direction of the refrigerant pipe, the shape of the mounting groove being adapted to the shape of the refrigerant pipe, and the refrigerant pipe being embedded in the mounting groove.

8. The direct-cooled battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The direct cooling battery pack further comprises an upper cover plate provided on the upper end surface of the battery cell, the upper cover plate being provided on the top end of the side wall of the box body.

9. An energy storage system characterized by, The direct cooling battery pack comprises any one of the direct cooling battery packs according to claims 1 to 8.

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