Compost experimental device based on combined water content control

Abstract

The utility model relates to a combined water content control-based compost experiment device, which comprises a combined water content detection device, a compost experiment device and a data collection and automatic control device, and the data collection and automatic control device is connected with the combined water content detection device and the compost experiment device through a control line. The data collection and automatic control device is also connected with an air pump; and the air pump is respectively connected with the water content detection device and the composting experiment device. The problems of low aeration efficiency, high energy consumption, poor experiment repeatability and the like of composting of different materials in the composting process can be solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of organic solid waste composting, in particular to a composting experimental device based on combined water content control. BACKGROUND

[0002] Composting is a technology that can quickly stabilize and utilize organic solid waste. Aerobic composting technology is a microbial process that uses naturally occurring microorganisms to convert a large amount of organic matter in the compost into more stable humus under aerobic conditions. Among them, the moisture content of the material and the air volume are the key factors affecting the composting effect. The air volume (or ventilation volume) provides the oxygen required by microorganisms. Adequate oxygen helps the activity of aerobic microorganisms and promotes the decomposition of compost materials. If the ventilation is not enough, it may lead to putrefaction under anaerobic conditions, producing undesirable gases such as hydrogen sulfide. Proper air volume helps to dissipate heat and prevent excessive temperature, so that microorganisms can carry out decomposition activities within a suitable temperature range. The moisture content of the material will affect the diffusion of oxygen inside the compost, in general, the higher the moisture content of the material, the more difficult the oxygen diffusion, and the aeration amount needs to be increased; the moisture content of the material is low, the oxygen diffusion is easy, and only a small amount of aeration or no aeration is required.

[0003] The “indoor composting experimental device” (publication number: CN117964413A) discloses an indoor composting experimental device that improves the aeration efficiency at the bottom of the composting tank through a mechanical transmission device; however, this patent does not involve the bottom filtrate drainage system and the aeration process control. The “dismountable aerobic composting experimental device for kitchen waste” (authorized announcement number: CN114920591B) discloses a dismountable aerobic composting experimental device for kitchen waste, including aeration devices, temperature control and detection, filtrate collection, etc. during the composting process; however, it does not involve the determination of the moisture content and combined water content of the composting material, and the control and adjustment of the aeration volume. The “method for quantitatively determining the combined water content of clay” (authorized announcement number: CN104297096B) and the “method for measuring the combined water content of sludge” (authorized announcement number: CN104155338B) disclose a method for measuring the combined water content, which uses a differential scanning calorimeter to obtain the amount of water that does not freeze at low temperatures (0 to -50℃) through experiments to calculate the combined water content of the material; this method can test the combined water content, but it has problems such as expensive single-price special equipment, small amount of material testing (less than 0.1 g per test), poor parallel performance, and difficulty in combination with composting devices, etc. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a composting experimental device based on combined water content control to solve the problems of low aeration efficiency, high energy consumption, and poor experimental repeatability during the composting of different materials.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the application provides the following technical scheme.

[0006] The application provides a composting experiment device based on combined water content control, which comprises a combined water content detection device, a composting experiment device and a data collection and automatic control device.

[0007] The combined water content detection device comprises an oven and a balance, and the balance is arranged in the oven.

[0008] The composting experiment device comprises a composting barrel body, and a functional film is arranged above the composting barrel body.

[0009] A thermocouple is arranged in the composting barrel body and connected to the temperature acquisition control unit.

[0010] The functional film is an HDPE composting covering film.

[0011] The composting barrel body is a PE round barrel with a capacity of 80-150 L.

[0012] The filter plate is provided with filter holes, and the height of the cavity is 3-5 cm.

[0013] The temperature acquisition port is provided with 3-5 temperature acquisition ports located in different directions of the composting barrel body, and the height of the temperature acquisition port from the bottom is 15-60 cm.

[0014] The air pump is an AC / DC air pump, and the aeration range is 0-15 L / min.

[0015] The upper limit of the oven temperature is 120-250 DEG C, the volume is 60-120 L, and the gas flow of the first gas flow meter is 0-1000 mL / min.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0017] Because different materials with different bound water contents have different requirements for air volume during composting, it is necessary to control the aeration amount during composting based on the bound water content. The bound water content measuring device in the present application solves the problems of high unit price of special equipment, poor parallel performance caused by small amount of material testing, and difficulty in combination with composting devices. The present application uses bound water content to regulate the initial proportioning and ventilation amount of composting materials. In addition, during composting, the ventilation amount is adjusted according to the change of the bound water content of the materials. The problems of low aeration efficiency, high energy consumption, and poor experimental repeatability of different materials during composting are solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0021] The term "comprising" or "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0022] As Figure 1As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a composting experimental device based on combined water content control, which comprises a combined water content detection device 2, a composting experimental device 3, and a data collection and automatic control device 1, the data collection and automatic control device 1 is connected with the combined water content detection device 2 and the composting experimental device 3 through a control line 7, the data collection and automatic control device 1 is also connected with an air pump 4, the air pump 4 is connected with the combined water content detection device 2 and the composting experimental device 3 respectively. The data collection and automatic control device 1 is composed of a computer, a thermocouple, a control wire and a magnetic valve, the computer is composed of a main control module, a data sensing module and a logic controller.

[0023] The combined water content detection device 2 comprises an oven and a balance 6, the balance 6 is placed in the oven, a first gas flow meter 5 is arranged outside the oven, one end of the first gas flow meter 5 is connected to the inside of the oven, and the other end is connected to the air pump 4, the air pump 4 and the first gas flow meter 5 provide a constant air flow during the combined water determination process.

[0024] The composting experimental device 3 comprises a compost barrel, a functional film 8 is arranged above the compost barrel, the functional film 8 covers the top of the compost barrel and is fixed, a compost pile 10 is arranged in the compost barrel, a sampling port 9 and a temperature measuring port 15 are arranged on the compost barrel, a filter plate 11 is arranged below the compost pile 10, a cavity 12 is formed between the bottom of the filter plate 11 and the bottom of the compost barrel, an aeration hole 13 is arranged on the compost barrel and communicates with the cavity 12, the aeration hole 13 is connected with the air pump 4 through an aeration pipe, and a second gas flow meter 14 is arranged between the air pump 4 and the aeration hole 13.

[0025] The temperature measuring port 15 is provided with a thermocouple 16 inserted into the compost pile 10, and a temperature acquisition control unit 17 is connected to the temperature measuring port 15, one end of the temperature acquisition control unit 17 is connected with the temperature measuring port 15 and the thermocouple 16, and the other end is connected with the data collection and automatic control device 1.

[0026] The functional film 8 is an HDPE compost covering film.

[0027] The compost barrel is a PE round barrel with a capacity of 80-150 L.

[0028] The filter plate 11 is provided with filter holes, and the height of the cavity 12 is 3-5 cm.

[0029] The temperature measuring port 15 is provided with 3-5 temperature measuring ports located in different directions of the compost barrel, and the height of the temperature measuring port 15 from the bottom is 15-60 cm.

[0030] The air pump is an AC / DC air pump, and the aeration range is 0-15 L / min; the second gas flow meter 14 is a rotor flow meter, and the range is 0-10 L / min.

[0031] The upper limit of the oven temperature is 120-250 ℃, the volume is 60-120 L, and the gas flow of the first gas flow meter 5 is 0-1000 mL / min.

[0032] In the composting process, the aeration flow is 5-10 L / min, 2-6 times a day, and 20-60 min each time, according to the combined water content measured daily, which is between 0-2 kg of combined water / kg of absolute dry material, if the combined water content is 0.5-1 kg of combined water / kg of absolute dry material, the aeration flow is 6-7.5 L / min, 3-4 times a day, and 30-40 min each time

[0033] Specifically, the material with high combined water content includes municipal sludge, feces, and submerged plant stems and leaves; the material with low combined water content includes straw, sawdust, and dredging sludge.

[0034] The above only describes the embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control, characterized in that, It includes a bound water content detection device (2), a composting experimental device (3), and a data collection and automatic control device (1). The data collection and automatic control device (1) is connected to the bound water content detection device (2) and the composting experimental device (3) via a control line (7). The data collection and automatic control device (1) is also connected to an air pump (4), which is connected to the bound water content detection device (2) and the composting experimental device (3) respectively.

2. The composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bound water content detection device (2) includes an oven and a balance (6). The balance (6) is placed inside the oven, and a first gas flow meter (5) is set outside the oven. One end of the first gas flow meter (5) is connected to the inside of the oven, and the other end is connected to an air pump (4). The air pump (4) and the first gas flow meter (5) provide a constant airflow during the bound water determination process.

3. The composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composting experimental device (3) includes a composting barrel body, a functional membrane (8) is provided above the composting barrel body, the functional membrane (8) covers the composting barrel body and is fixed, a compost pile (10) is provided inside the composting barrel body, a sampling port (9) and a temperature measuring port (15) are also provided on the composting barrel body, a filter plate (11) is provided below the compost pile (10), the bottom of the filter plate (11) and the bottom of the composting barrel body form a cavity (12), an aeration hole (13) communicating with the cavity (12) is provided on the composting barrel body, the aeration hole (13) is connected to an air pump (4) through an aeration pipe, and a second gas flow meter (14) is also provided between the air pump (4) and the aeration hole (13).

4. The composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature measuring port (15) is equipped with a thermocouple (16) inserted into the compost pile (10). The temperature measuring port (15) is connected to a temperature acquisition and control unit (17). One end of the temperature acquisition and control unit (17) is connected to the temperature measuring port (15) and the thermocouple (16), and the other end is connected to a data collection and automatic control device (1).

5. The composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control according to claim 3, characterized in that, The functional membrane (8) is an HDPE composting cover membrane.

6. The composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control according to claim 3, characterized in that, The compost bin is a PE round bin with a capacity of 80-150 L.

7. The composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filter plate (11) has filter holes, and the cavity (12) has a height of 3-5 cm.

8. A composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature measuring port (15) is provided in 3-5 locations in different directions of the composting barrel, and the temperature measuring port (15) is 15-60 cm above the bottom.

9. A composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air pump is an AC / DC dual-purpose air pump with an aeration range of 0-15 L / min; the second gas flow meter (14) is a rotor flow meter with a range of 0-10 L / min.

10. A composting experimental apparatus based on bound water content control according to claim 2, characterized in that, The oven has a maximum temperature of 120-250 ℃ and a volume of 60-120 L. The gas flow rate of the first gas flow meter (5) is 0-1000 mL / min.

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