Garbage incineration power generation fire grate structure
By improving the grate structure of waste incineration power generation and utilizing high-temperature flue gas drying pyrolysis and deacidification condensation towers, the problems of high moisture content of municipal solid waste and low winter temperatures have been solved, improving incineration efficiency and economy, and reducing energy consumption and equipment corrosion.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520140610.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-21
AI Technical Summary
In existing waste-to-energy incineration processes, the high moisture content of municipal solid waste leads to low boiler efficiency, high energy consumption, and severe equipment corrosion. Furthermore, the leachate generated by microbial fermentation dehydration is difficult to treat and has high labor costs. Low winter temperatures also affect the fermentation effect, requiring additional heating, resulting in poor economic efficiency.
An improved waste incineration power generation grate structure is adopted, including a horizontal furnace, a steam removal mechanism, and a high-temperature flue gas treatment system. Hot flue gas at about 350°C is introduced through the bottom of the primary grate for drying and pyrolysis. The gas is then cooled, condensed, dehydrated, and neutralized using a smoke hood and a pyrolysis gas deacidification and condensation tower. The pyrolysis gas is injected into the furnace as secondary air for combustion. The waste combustion is optimized by combining the drying pyrolysis chamber and the pusher.
It improves the efficiency of municipal solid waste incineration, reduces energy consumption, reduces equipment corrosion, reduces flue gas volume, enhances system economy, adapts to the high moisture content environment in the south and the low temperature environment in the north during winter, and reduces dioxin formation.
Smart Images
Figure CN223755365U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of organic solid waste disposal, especially relates to a garbage incineration power generation furnace row structure for municipal solid waste. BACKGROUND
[0002] Currently, in the waste incineration power generation industry, most of them adopt the structure design of three-stage reciprocating grate, and the first-stage grate is usually used for drying and preheating. However, the bottom air chamber of the grate is all filled with hot air, and the water vapor and combustible gas generated by the drying and pyrolysis of the first-stage grate enter the horizontal furnace along with the high-temperature flue gas generated by the incineration of the second-stage and third-stage grates. In this process, the combustible gas is fully burned and decomposed under the disturbance of the secondary air, and the water vapor absorbs a large amount of heat from the high-temperature flue gas until it reaches a superheated state, and it is accompanied by the high-temperature flue gas throughout the process until it is purified and discharged. In the whole process of incineration of water vapor in the furnace, not only the average temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is lowered, but also the volume of the flue gas is increased, the power consumption is increased, the dew point temperature of the flue gas is increased, and many negative effects such as the increase of the boiler exhaust loss and the intensification of the equipment corrosion are caused. Therefore, when the moisture content of household waste increases, the low calorific value of waste decreases, which has a significant impact on the efficiency, economy, exhaust temperature, air pollution and equipment wear of the boiler. For example, reducing the moisture content of household waste can significantly shorten the residence time of waste drying and preheating on the grate, improve the efficiency of waste incineration; the reduction of moisture content can also reduce the volume of flue gas generated by the incineration of unit mass of waste, promote the increase of combustion temperature, improve the quality of flue gas, and improve the efficiency of the boiler; in addition, due to the reduction of flue gas volume, the residence time of flue gas purification system is increased, the efficiency of flue gas purification is improved; the system resistance is decreased, and the power consumption of the fan is decreased; the reduction of moisture content of waste can also reduce the water vapor content in flue gas, thereby reducing the acid dew point of flue gas, and the lower exhaust temperature not only can reduce the low-temperature dew point corrosion of equipment, reduce the material requirement, and reduce the economic loss caused by equipment corrosion, but also can improve the efficiency of the boiler. In order to adapt to the characteristics of high moisture content of domestic waste in China, most of the domestic waste incineration power plants in China use microbial fermentation and gravity dewatering to realize the dewatering and upgrading of household waste; household waste usually needs to be fermented for 5-7 days after entering the plant, and the moisture content can be reduced by about 10-15%; however, this method has the following problems: a large amount of leachate is generated after fermentation and gravity dewatering, and the leachate has the characteristics of high salt, high COD and high ammonia nitrogen, which is difficult to treat and has high treatment cost; the fermentation process needs to be regularly turned over by special personnel, which has high labor cost; a large amount of foul gas is generated during the fermentation process, and since the air required by the incinerator is effective, the foul gas generated by the fermentation cannot be effectively digested by the incinerator, and independent foul gas treatment facilities need to be set up; in winter in northern areas, the temperature is low, household waste contains a large amount of ice and snow, and the components with high moisture content are usually in frozen state, and the low temperature is the basic condition for the dormancy of microorganisms, which cannot carry out efficient fermentation and metabolism. In order to adapt to the characteristics of winter household waste fermentation and dewatering, the waste incineration power plants in northern areas usually need to provide heat to the waste pool, which consumes a large amount of heat source. Practical new type content
[0003] In view of the above problems, the utility model discloses a garbage incineration power generation furnace row structure that improves the garbage incineration efficiency, reduces energy consumption and economic efficiency, and is suitable for the garbage incineration power generation furnace row structure in the south with high water content and in the north with low winter temperature.
[0004] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides a garbage incineration power generation furnace row structure, which comprises a horizontal hearth, a garbage feeding hopper arranged on one side of the horizontal hearth, a first grate arranged below the garbage feeding hopper on one side of the horizontal hearth, a second grate and a third grate arranged below the horizontal hearth, a water vapor removal mechanism arranged between the garbage feeding hopper and the horizontal hearth, and a slag outlet arranged on one side of the third grate.
[0005] The horizontal hearth comprises a hearth chamber, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet arranged on the hearth chamber, and a front arch arranged on one side of the flue gas inlet of the hearth chamber and a rear arch extending to the slag outlet arranged on the other side.
[0006] The first grate is arranged in the range of the area below the garbage feeding hopper outside the horizontal hearth. The water vapor removal mechanism comprises a fume hood arranged between the horizontal hearth above the first grate and the garbage feeding hopper, a first pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower arranged outside the garbage feeding hopper and communicated with the fume hood, a first pyrolysis fan arranged above the first pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower, and a secondary air pipe A arranged on one side of the flue gas inlet of the horizontal hearth and communicated with the first pyrolysis fan. Hot flue gas with a temperature of about ≤350℃ is arranged in the air chamber at the bottom of the first grate. The fume hood at the top of the first grate collects the pyrolysis gas generated by drying and pyrolysis of the first grate and sends it to the pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower for cooling and condensation dehydration and neutralization deacidification treatment. The pyrolysis gas after deacidification and dehydration purification is sent to the secondary air pipe A of the incinerator and sprayed into the hearth for secondary combustion; the air chamber at the bottom of the second grate and the third grate is provided with hot air after preheating.
[0007] In some embodiments, a first pusher is arranged between the garbage feeding hopper and the first grate.
[0008] The utility model discloses a beneficial effect has promoted the life garbage incineration efficiency, and reduce energy consumption and economy, and adapt to the effect of high moisture content in south and low temperature in north winter. Since the utility model proposes can have the better in -furnace dehydration effect, can promote the life garbage incineration efficiency, reduce energy consumption, improve system economy, adapt to high moisture content in south and low temperature in north winter etc. The specific advantage is: first, the high-temperature flue gas (≤350 DEG C) is provided to the primary grate bottom wind chamber, improves the heat exchange temperature difference of the primary grate, strengthens the heat exchange efficiency on the primary grate, improves the combustion characteristics of domestic waste, improves the efficiency of garbage combustion on the following two-stage grate;Second, the fume hood arranged at the top of the primary grate is used to collect the pyrolysis gas generated by the drying and pyrolysis of the primary grate and convey it to the pyrolysis gas deacidification condensing tower for cooling and condensing dehydration and neutralization deacidification treatment, so that the water in the life garbage in the furnace is effectively removed;Third, the pyrolysis gas after deacidification and dehydration purification is sent to the incinerator secondary air pipe and sprayed into the furnace chamber for secondary combustion, which not only reduces the total chlorine content in the furnace, but also reduces the possibility of dioxin production;Fourth, the drying and pyrolysis process of the life garbage on the primary grate uses high-temperature flue gas, so the main component content in the pyrolysis gas is still flue gas component, and the pyrolysis gas as secondary air is sprayed into the furnace chamber, which can realize the re-combustion and denitration of carbon monoxide, methane and other pyrolysis reduction gas components, and also can realize the purpose of flue gas circulating denitration, and comprehensively realizes the purpose of low-nitrogen combustion;Fifth, compared with the traditional structure, the hot air temperature supplied by the traditional primary grate usually comes from the steam generated by the waste heat boiler, and is limited by the steam temperature, so the primary air volume is limited in the distribution of the three-stage grate, and the drying and pyrolysis efficiency of the primary grate is limited in the adjustable range, when the moisture content of the domestic waste is high or the garbage contains a large amount of ice and snow components, the overall efficiency of the incinerator will be seriously affected. The improved structure sends the high-temperature flue gas in the primary grate bottom wind chamber, and the temperature is usually set in the temperature range of ≤350 DEG C, whether the flue gas amount or the flue gas temperature can be freely adjusted, and almost does not cause negative influence on the system operation, and can better improve the adaptability and adaptability range of the life garbage incineration system to various garbage components. In this way, the life garbage incineration efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption and economy are reduced, and the effect of adapting to the high moisture content in south and low temperature in north winter is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0009] Figure 1 It is the structure schematic view of the embodiment 1 of the utility model;
[0010] Figure 2 It is the structure schematic view of the embodiment 2 of the utility model;
[0011] Figure 3 It is the structure schematic view of the embodiment 3 of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0012] The utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
[0013] Embodiment 1
[0014] As Figure 1 shown, a waste incineration power boiler structure includes a horizontal hearth 01, a waste feeding hopper 02 arranged at one side of the horizontal hearth 01, a first grate 03 arranged below the waste feeding hopper 02 at one side of the horizontal hearth 01, a second grate 04 and a third grate 05 arranged below the horizontal hearth 01, a water vapor removal mechanism 06 arranged between the waste feeding hopper 02 and the horizontal hearth 01, and a slag outlet 07 arranged at one side of the third grate 05. The horizontal hearth 01 includes a hearth chamber 11, a flue gas inlet 12 and a flue gas outlet 13 arranged on the hearth chamber 11, and a front arch 14 arranged at one side of the flue gas inlet 12 of the hearth chamber 11 and a rear arch 15 arranged at the other side and extending to the slag outlet 07.
[0015] The first grate 03 is arranged in the area range below the waste feeding hopper 02 outside the horizontal hearth 01. The water vapor removal mechanism 06 includes a smoke hood 61 arranged between the horizontal hearth 01 and the waste feeding hopper 02 above the first grate 03, a first pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower 62 arranged outside the waste feeding hopper 02 and communicating with the smoke hood 61, a first pyrolysis fan 63 arranged above the first pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower 62, and a secondary air pipe A 64 arranged at the flue gas inlet side of the horizontal hearth 01 and communicating with the first pyrolysis fan 63. The gas discharged from the above-mentioned smoke hood 61 is connected to a deacidification condensation tank, the top outlet of the deacidification condensation tank is connected to the first pyrolysis fan 63, and the outlet of the first pyrolysis fan 63 is connected to the secondary air pipe A 64 of the incinerator. The hot flue gas with a temperature of about ≤350℃ is arranged in the air chamber at the bottom of the first grate 03. The preheated hot air (blown by a blower) is arranged in the air chamber at the bottom of the second grate and the third grate. The first pusher 65 is arranged between the waste feeding hopper 02 and the first grate 03.
[0016] Working principle:
[0017] Municipal solid waste enters the primary grate 03 via the chute of the waste feed hopper 02 under the action of the pusher. On the primary grate 03, the municipal solid waste undergoes efficient heat exchange with the 350°C high-temperature flue gas fed in from the bottom of the grate. The moisture contained in the municipal solid waste is rapidly removed, and as the temperature further increases, some of the municipal solid waste undergoes pyrolysis, releasing gases such as CO, CH4, and HCl. Under the action of the pyrolysis gas deacidification system, the combustible gases, water vapor, and flue gas generated by the drying pyrolysis on the primary grate 03 are collected by the fume hood 61 above the primary grate 03 and transported to the pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower. In the pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower, after condensation and cooling by circulating cooling water and acid-base neutralization processes, the water vapor carried in the pyrolysis gas is removed, and the acidic gases, especially HCl, are neutralized and removed. The remaining non-condensable combustible gas components are extracted by the pyrolysis blower and sent to the secondary air duct A64 of the incinerator as secondary air injected into the incinerator for high-temperature incineration and destruction.
[0018] Example 2
[0019] like Figure 2 As shown, a waste incineration power generation grate structure includes a horizontal furnace 01, a waste feed hopper 02 located on one side of the horizontal furnace 01, a primary grate 03 located below the waste feed hopper 02 located on one side of the horizontal furnace 01, a secondary grate 04 and a tertiary grate 05 located below the horizontal furnace 01, a steam removal mechanism 06 located between the waste feed hopper 02 and the horizontal furnace 01, and a slag outlet 07 located on one side of the tertiary grate 05. The horizontal furnace 01 includes a furnace chamber 11, a flue gas inlet 12 and a flue gas outlet 13 located on the furnace chamber 11, a front arch 14 located on one side of the flue gas inlet 12 of the furnace chamber 11, and a rear arch 15 located on the other side extending to the slag outlet 07.
[0020] The primary grate 03 is located in the area below the flue gas inlet 12 of the horizontal furnace 01 and the waste feed hopper 02. The steam removal mechanism 06 includes a first drying pyrolysis chamber 66 located on one side of the horizontal furnace 01 above the primary grate 03; a second pyrolysis gas deacidification and condensation tower 67 located outside the waste feed hopper 02 and connected to the first drying pyrolysis chamber 66; a second pyrolysis blower 68 located above the second pyrolysis gas deacidification and condensation tower 67; and a secondary air duct B69 located on one side of the flue gas inlet 12 of the horizontal furnace 01 and connected to the second pyrolysis blower 68. Hot flue gas at approximately ≤350℃ is supplied into the air chamber at the bottom of the primary grate 03, while preheated hot air (blown in by a blower) is supplied into the air chambers at the bottom of the secondary grate 04 and the tertiary grate 05. A second pusher 610 is located between the first drying pyrolysis chamber 66 and the primary grate 03.
[0021] A first misaligned sealing valve 611 is installed at the connection position between the waste feed hopper 02 and the first drying pyrolysis chamber 66.
[0022] Example 3
[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal furnace 01 includes a furnace chamber 11, a flue gas inlet 12 and a flue gas outlet 13 provided on the furnace chamber 11, and a rear arch 15 extending to the slag outlet 07 provided on one side of the flue gas inlet 12 of the furnace chamber 11.
[0024] A waste-to-energy incineration grate structure includes a horizontal furnace 01, a waste feed hopper 02 located on one side of the horizontal furnace 01, a primary grate 03 located below the waste feed hopper 02 located on one side of the horizontal furnace 01, a secondary grate 04 and a tertiary grate 05 located below the horizontal furnace 01, a steam removal mechanism 06 located between the waste feed hopper 02 and the horizontal furnace 01, and a slag outlet 07 located on one side of the tertiary grate 05. The horizontal furnace 01 includes a furnace chamber 11, a flue gas inlet 12 and a flue gas outlet 13 located on the furnace chamber 11, a front arch 14 located on one side of the flue gas inlet 12 of the furnace chamber 11, and a rear arch 15 located on the other side extending to the slag outlet 07.
[0025] The primary grate 03 is located in the area below the waste feed hopper 02 outside the horizontal furnace 01. The steam removal mechanism 06 includes a second drying pyrolysis chamber 612 located outside the horizontal furnace 01 above the primary grate 03; a third pyrolysis gas deacidification and condensation tower 613 located outside the waste feed hopper 02 and connected to the second drying pyrolysis chamber 612; a third pyrolysis blower 614 located above the third pyrolysis gas deacidification and condensation tower 613; and a secondary air duct C611 located on the side of the flue gas inlet 12 of the horizontal furnace 01 and connected to the third pyrolysis blower 614. Hot flue gas at approximately ≤350℃ is supplied into the air chamber at the bottom of the primary grate 03, while preheated hot air (blown in by a blower) is supplied into the air chambers at the bottom of the secondary grate 04 and the tertiary grate 05. A second misaligned sealing valve 615 is installed at the connection point between the waste feed hopper 02 and the second drying pyrolysis chamber 612.
[0026] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept of this utility model, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A grate structure for a waste incineration power plant, characterized in that The application relates to a horizontal furnace, which comprises a horizontal furnace chamber, a garbage feeding hopper arranged on one side of the horizontal furnace chamber, a first furnace grate arranged below the garbage feeding hopper on one side of the horizontal furnace chamber, a second furnace grate and a third furnace grate arranged below the horizontal furnace chamber, a water vapor removal mechanism arranged between the garbage feeding hopper and the horizontal furnace chamber, and a slag outlet arranged on one side of the third furnace grate. The horizontal furnace chamber comprises a furnace chamber, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet arranged on the furnace chamber, and a front arch arranged on one side of the flue gas inlet of the furnace chamber and a rear arch extending to the slag outlet arranged on the other side of the flue gas inlet of the furnace chamber. The first furnace grate is arranged in the range of the area below the garbage feeding hopper outside the horizontal furnace chamber. The water vapor removal mechanism comprises a fume hood arranged between the horizontal furnace chamber above the first furnace grate and the garbage feeding hopper, a first pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower arranged outside the garbage feeding hopper and communicated with the fume hood, a first pyrolysis fan arranged above the first pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower, and a secondary air pipe A arranged on one side of the flue gas inlet of the horizontal furnace chamber and communicated with the first pyrolysis fan. Hot flue gas with a temperature of about 350 DEG C is arranged in the air chamber at the bottom of the first furnace grate. The fume hood arranged at the top of the first furnace grate collects the pyrolysis gas generated by the dry pyrolysis of the first furnace grate and sends the pyrolysis gas to the pyrolysis gas deacidification condensation tower for cooling, condensation, dehydration and neutralization treatment. The pyrolysis gas after the deacidification and dehydration treatment is sent to the secondary air pipe A of the incinerator and is sprayed into the furnace chamber for secondary combustion. Preheated hot air is arranged in the air chamber at the bottom of the second furnace grate and the third furnace grate.
2. A furnace grate structure for waste incineration power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that A first pusher is arranged between the garbage feeding hopper and the first furnace grate.