Toroidal field magnet and nuclear fusion reaction device

Abstract

The utility model provides a toroidal field magnet and a nuclear fusion reaction device. The toroidal field magnet comprises a toroidal field coil, two annular cold conduction plates and two electrode blocks, the two cold guide plates are located on the two sides of the toroidal field coil respectively, cover the two side faces of the toroidal field coil and transmit cooling capacity to the toroidal field coil. The two electrode blocks are located on the outer ring faces of the two cold conduction plates respectively, each electrode block is electrically connected with one electrode end in the circumferential field coil, and power is supplied to the circumferential field coil through the electrode blocks. The annular field coil in the annular field magnet is good in cooling effect, and the corresponding working stability can be high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion, and in particular to a toroidal field magnet and a nuclear fusion reaction device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of nuclear fusion reaction technology, the research on nuclear fusion reaction devices is more and more extensive.

[0003] The nuclear fusion reaction device includes a reaction chamber for carrying out nuclear fusion reaction, and a plurality of coils (such as a central solenoid magnet, a poloidal field magnet and a toroidal field magnet). Plasma is generated in the reaction chamber, and the plasma is controlled by the magnetic field generated by the magnet, so that the plasma is heated to a fusion reaction temperature to occur nuclear fusion reaction. The current magnet generally includes a coil wound by superconducting tape, which needs to work in a low temperature environment. The working stability of the magnet is crucial to the realization of nuclear fusion reaction.

[0004] At present, the cooling effect of the superconducting tape in the toroidal field magnet in the nuclear fusion reaction device still needs to be improved, and accordingly the working stability of the toroidal field magnet still needs to be improved. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present application provides a toroidal field magnet and a nuclear fusion reaction device, the cooling effect of the superconducting tape in the toroidal field magnet is higher, the working stability of the toroidal field coil is higher, and accordingly the nuclear fusion reaction effect can be improved.

[0006] According to an aspect of the present application, a toroidal field magnet is provided, comprising a toroidal field coil, two annular cold plates and two electrode blocks.

[0007] The two cold plates are respectively located on the two sides of the toroidal field coil and cover two side surfaces of the toroidal field coil, and transmit cold quantity to the toroidal field coil.

[0008] The two electrode blocks are respectively located on the outer ring surfaces of the two cold plates, each of the electrode blocks is electrically connected with one of the electrode ends in the toroidal field coil, and the toroidal field coil is powered through the electrode blocks.

[0009] According to an aspect of the present application, a nuclear fusion reaction device is provided, comprising a reaction chamber, a central solenoid magnet, a poloidal field magnet and the toroidal field magnet.

[0010] In the toroidal field magnet, two cooling plates are arranged on two sides of the toroidal field coil respectively, and the cooling plates can transmit cooling capacity to the toroidal field coil from two sides, so that the cooling effect of the toroidal field coil is better, and the working stability of the toroidal field coil can be higher. In addition, the electrode block is arranged on the cooling plate to supply power to the toroidal field coil, which can simply supply power to the toroidal field coil on the basis of ensuring the cooling effect, and ensure that the overall structure is simple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 is a structure schematic diagram of a toroidal field magnet provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0012] Figure 2 is a structure schematic diagram of a toroidal field coil provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0013] Figure 3 is a structure schematic diagram of a cooling plate provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] Figure 4 is a structure schematic diagram of another toroidal field coil provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] Figure 5 is a structure schematic diagram of another cooling plate provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 6 is a structure schematic diagram of another toroidal field magnet provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 7 is a structure schematic diagram of another toroidal field magnet provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 8 is a structure schematic diagram of a transition block provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 9 is a structure schematic diagram of another transition block provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of part of a toroidal field magnet provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 11 is an explosion view of part of a toroidal field magnet provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of part of another toroidal field magnet provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 13 is a structure schematic diagram of an electrode block provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 14 is another structural schematic diagram of an electrode block provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be practiced without the specific details, which are not described in the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the details described herein and can be practiced with a variety of modifications.

[0026] The terminology used in this description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present application. As used in one or more embodiments of the present application and the accompanying claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in one or more embodiments of the present application, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0027] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc. can be used herein to describe various information, these terms are not intended to denote a particular order or priority among the information. These terms are used to distinguish one piece of information from another. For example, a first can be termed a second, and, similarly, a second can be termed a first, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present application. As used herein, the term "if' can be interpreted to mean "when" or "upon" or "in response to determining" taking into account the context in which the term is used.

[0028] Nuclear fusion refers to a process in which two lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier atomic nucleus, and release energy. A common way of nuclear fusion is that deuterium or tritium undergoes nuclear fusion under certain conditions (such as ultra-high temperature and high pressure) to generate a new atomic nucleus with heavier mass, accompanied by huge energy release. Nuclear fusion energy has the characteristics of high energy density, abundant raw material reserves, safety, environmental protection and cleanliness, and is the ideal energy of the future. Accordingly, nuclear fusion reaction devices are widely studied, and the tokamak device is a controllable nuclear fusion reaction device that is studied more.

[0029] The tokamak nuclear fusion reactor device includes a toroidal reaction chamber for carrying out nuclear fusion, and a toroidal field (TF) magnet, a center solenoid (CS) magnet and a poloidal field (PF) magnet, etc., and the CS coil is also called an Ohmic coil. The current change of the Ohmic coil provides the volt-second (which is the unit of magnetic flux based on the transformer principle) required for generating, establishing and maintaining the plasma current. The poloidal magnetic field generated by the poloidal field magnet controls the plasma cross-sectional shape and position balance; the toroidal magnetic field generated by the toroidal field magnet ensures the macroscopic overall stability of the plasma; the toroidal magnetic field and the poloidal magnetic field generated by the plasma current together constitute a magnetic field configuration of rotating magnetic field transformation and magnetic surface structure nesting to confine the plasma. Through this series of control of the plasma by the magnetic field, the plasma can reach the fusion reaction condition to occur nuclear fusion reaction. Since the realization of nuclear fusion reaction depends on the magnetic field generated by each magnet, the working stability of each magnet and the stability of the magnetic field formed by each magnet will directly affect the effect of nuclear fusion reaction.

[0030] The main structure of the toroidal field magnet is a toroidal field coil, which includes a coil winding wound on a coil skeleton by a high-temperature superconducting tape. The high-temperature superconducting tape has a higher current density than traditional coil preparation materials such as copper or aluminum, and can generate a stronger toroidal magnetic field, thereby ensuring that the overall stability of the plasma in the nuclear fusion reactor device is higher. The high-temperature superconducting tape has a relatively strict requirement for the ambient temperature, and the high-temperature superconducting tape needs to be in a low-temperature environment below 77K (Kelvin) during current conduction, so as to ensure that the resistance of the high-temperature superconducting tape is small and can withstand a higher current, thereby generating a required toroidal magnetic field, so that the overall working stability of the toroidal field coil is higher.

[0031] The embodiment of the present application provides a toroidal field magnet, and the toroidal field coil is cooled by the cold guide plate, so that the coil winding in the toroidal field coil can be in a low-temperature environment, thereby improving the working stability of the toroidal field magnet, and correspondingly improving the nuclear fusion effect. Moreover, the structure of the toroidal field magnet can be relatively simple, and the working convenience of the toroidal field magnet is facilitated. The embodiment of the present application also relates to a nuclear fusion reactor device, and the nuclear fusion reactor device comprises the toroidal field magnet. The toroidal field magnet in the embodiment of the present application can be used for a spherical tokamak, that is, the nuclear fusion reactor device can be a spherical tokamak.

[0032] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a toroidal field magnet provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1As shown in the figure, the toroidal field magnet comprises a toroidal field coil 10, two annular cooling plates 20 and two electrode blocks 30. The two cooling plates 20 are respectively located on the two sides of the toroidal field coil 10 and cover the two side surfaces of the toroidal field coil 10 to transfer cold to the toroidal field coil 10. The cooling plate 20 in the embodiment of the present application can also be referred to as a cooling flange, and the toroidal field magnet can be connected or assembled with other structures by using the cooling plate 20.

[0033] For example, Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a toroidal field coil provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 2 shown, the toroidal field coil 10 is in the shape of a D-shaped ring, which has an inner ring surface M11, an outer ring surface M12 and two side surfaces (such as a first side surface M13 and a second side surface M14), and the two side surfaces are respectively connected to the two sides of the inner ring surface M1 and the outer ring surface M2. The inner ring surface M1 and the outer ring surface M2 are curved surfaces, and the two side surfaces can be flat surfaces.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present application, the toroidal field magnet can comprise one toroidal field coil 10 or a plurality of toroidal field coils 10 stacked in sequence, and the two cooling plates 20 are respectively located on the two sides of the plurality of toroidal field coils 10. As Figure 1 shown, the toroidal field magnet can comprise four stacked toroidal field coils 10. The coil windings in the plurality of toroidal field coils are electrically connected, such as the connection of the coil terminals in the adjacent toroidal field coils 10.

[0035] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling plate provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 3 shown, the shape and size of the cooling plate 20 are matched with the toroidal field coil 10, and the cooling plate 20 is in the shape of a D-shaped ring, and the cooling plate 20 also has an inner ring surface M21, an outer ring surface M22 and two side surfaces (such as a third side surface and a fourth side surface), Figure 3 is a view of the side where the third side surface M23 of the cooling plate 20 is located. Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 Each cooling plate 20 covers one side surface of the toroidal field coil 10, and one side surface of the cooling plate 20 is in contact with one side surface of the toroidal field coil 10. The cooling plate 20 can be connected with a refrigeration device, such as connecting a cooling belt on the side surface of the cooling plate 20, to transfer cold from the refrigeration device to the cooling plate 20 and then to the toroidal field coil 10, so that the toroidal field coil 10 is in a low-temperature environment, ensuring that the working environment of the toroidal field coil 10 meets the requirements and improving the working reliability of the toroidal field coil 10.

[0036] In the embodiments of the present application, the outer ring surface of the toroidal field coil 10 can be flush with the outer ring surface of the cooling plate 20. In some embodiments, the outer ring surface of the cooling plate 20 can also be higher than the outer ring surface of the toroidal field coil 10 or slightly lower than the outer ring surface of the toroidal field coil 10, which is not limited here.

[0037] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 The two electrode blocks 30 are respectively located on the outer ring surface M22 of the two cooling plates 20, and each electrode block 30 is electrically connected with one electrode end in the toroidal field coil 10. An external power supply can supply power to the toroidal field coil 10 through the electrode block 30. The two electrode blocks 30 can be electrically connected with the positive electrode end and the negative electrode end in the toroidal field coil 10, respectively. The electrode end is the end of the wound superconducting tape. In the embodiments of the present application, the two electrode blocks 30 are taken as an example with the same setting position on the cooling plate 20. In some embodiments, the two electrode blocks 30 can be respectively arranged at different positions on the two cooling plates 20, which is not limited here.

[0038] In the embodiments of the present application, the side of the cooling plate 20 close to the toroidal field coil 10 can not be flush with the side of the cooling plate 20. In the arrangement direction of the cooling plate 20 and the toroidal field coil 10, the electrode block 30 protrudes towards the toroidal field coil 10 relative to the cooling plate 20, and it can also be considered that the side of the electrode block 30 protrudes towards the toroidal field coil 10 relative to the cooling plate 20. The protruding part can cover the coil winding in the toroidal field coil 10, so as to ensure that the electrode end in the coil winding can be conveniently connected with the electrode block 30. In some embodiments, the side of the cooling plate 20 away from the toroidal field coil 10 can be flush with the side of the cooling plate 20 away from the toroidal field coil 10.

[0039] In some embodiments, the thickness of the cooling plate 20 ranges from 5mm to 50mm, such as 20mm. The thickness is the distance between the two sides. In some embodiments, the electrode block 30 is in the shape of a cuboid. For example, the length of the electrode block 30 ranges from 0.25*110mm to 4*110mm, such as 110mm. The width of the electrode block 30 can be greater than the thickness of the cooling plate 20, and the width ranges from 0.25*30mm to 4*30mm, such as 30mm. The thickness of the electrode block 30 ranges from 0.25*20mm to 4*20mm, such as 20mm. Under such size, the side of the electrode block 30 can protrude 10mm relative to the side of the cooling plate 20 to cover the coil winding in the toroidal field coil 10. In some embodiments, the electrode block 30 is directly arranged on the arc surface part in the outer ring surface of the cooling plate 20, and the surface close to the cooling plate 20 in the electrode block 30 can be arc-shaped and matched with the arc surface part in the outer ring surface. It should be noted that the various component sizes involved in the embodiments of the present application are all examples, and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, the toroidal field magnet transmits cold energy from both sides to the toroidal field coil 10 in the working process, so that the superconducting tape in the toroidal field coil 10 is in the required low temperature environment, and the working stability of the toroidal field coil 10 is ensured. Moreover, the cold plate 20 is also used as a support structure of the electrode block 30, and the current is simply transmitted to the electrode end in the toroidal field coil 10 through the electrode block 30, so that the control mode of the toroidal field coil 10 is simplified, the toroidal field coil 10 generates a toroidal magnetic field based on the current, and the control of the plasma in the nuclear fusion reactor is realized.

[0041] Figure 4 is another structure diagram of a toroidal field coil provided by the embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 which can be Figure 2 The cross-sectional view of the toroidal field coil is shown, and Figure 4 only part of the area in the cross section is shown. As Figure 4 shown, the toroidal field coil 10 can include a skeleton structure 100, and a first pressing plate 101, a first cold plate 102, a first impregnated material layer 103, a first coil winding 104, a channeling sheet 105, a second coil winding 106, a second impregnated material layer 107, a second cold plate 108 and a second pressing plate 109 arranged in turn on the skeleton structure 100.

[0042] The coil winding is obtained by winding the superconducting tape, and the two coil windings can be connected. The channeling sheet 105 can be made of insulating material, and the channeling sheet 105 can be located at the center line position of the outer ring surface of the skeleton structure 100, so that the area width on both sides of the channeling sheet 105 is the same, and the symmetry of the coil winding is ensured. The material of the cold plate can include anodized aluminum, or can also include copper or aluminum and other materials after insulation. The pressing plate can also be made of insulating material, and the impregnated material layer can be obtained by curing epoxy resin. In the case where the toroidal field magnet includes a plurality of toroidal field coils, the pressing plate can be used to insulate different toroidal field coils from each other.

[0043] Figure 4 Taking the toroidal field coil 10 including two coil windings (i.e. the first coil winding 104 and the second coil winding 106) as an example, the two coil windings can be double-pie coil, which is obtained by winding the superconducting tape in the form of double-pie winding. By setting two coil windings, the toroidal field coil 10 can provide higher current density and generate stronger magnetic field. In some embodiments, the number of coil windings in the toroidal field coil 10 can be one, three, four or other numbers. The channeling sheet can be arranged between adjacent coil windings to insulate the part outside the inner turn of the coil winding.

[0044] In some embodiments, the toroidal field coil 10 can also not includeFigure 4 The first pressure plate 101 and the second pressure plate 109, or excluding the first cooling plate 102 and the second cooling plate 108, or excluding the first impregnating material layer 103 and the second impregnating material layer 107, or excluding at least two of the pressure plate, cooling plate and impregnating material layer, are not limited here.

[0045] Both the circumferential field coil 10 and the cold-conducting plate 20 have multiple fixing through holes along the circumferential direction, and each fixing through hole on the circumferential field coil 10 communicates with a fixing through hole on the cold-conducting plate 20. These fixing through holes are used to fix the circumferential field coil 10 and the cold-conducting plate 20. Please continue to refer to... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The circumferential field coil 10 has multiple first fixed through holes K1, and the cooling plate 20 has multiple second fixed through holes K2. The position of each first fixed through hole K1 is the same as the position of a second fixed through hole K2, and after assembly, the first fixed through hole K1 at the same position communicates with the second fixed through hole K2. The circumferential field magnet may also include multiple screws (not shown in the figure), each screw passing through a set of fixed through holes communicating in the circumferential field coil 10 and the cooling plate 20, fixing the circumferential field coil 10 and the cooling plate 20.

[0046] In this embodiment, the number of fixed through holes on both the circumferential field coil 10 and the cold-conducting plate 20 is 18, but this number can be adjusted according to actual needs. The diameters of the fixed through holes on the circumferential field coil 10 and the cold-conducting plate 20 can be the same. For example, the diameter of the second fixed through hole K2 on the cold-conducting plate 20 can be 11 mm, and the distance from the center of this fixed through hole to the inner circumferential surface of the cold-conducting plate 20 can be 12.5 mm. This diameter and distance can also be adjusted accordingly as needed, and can also be adjusted proportionally according to the size changes of the circumferential field coil 10.

[0047] In some embodiments, other components may protrude from the outer annular surface M22 of the cooling plate 20. Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a lifting ring provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the cold-conducting plate 20 has a plurality of lifting rings 202 protruding from the outer annular surface M22 and evenly distributed. The cold-conducting plate 20 can be considered to include a cold-conducting plate body 201 and a plurality of lifting rings 202 located on the cold-conducting plate body 201. The cold-conducting plate body 201 can also be referred to as the cold-conducting plate skeleton. In some embodiments, the outer annular surface M22 of the cold-conducting plate 20 is a smooth surface, and the cold-conducting plate 20 may only include the cold-conducting plate body 201.

[0048] The lifting eye 202 has a lifting hole, and the lifting eye 202 can be used to lift the magnetic body after the toroidal field magnet is assembled, to facilitate subsequent operations. For example, a threaded rod made of epoxy material can be used to lift through the lifting hole in the lifting eye 202. The positions of the lifting eyes 202 are uniformly distributed, so that the threaded rod can uniformly support the entire toroidal field magnet. The positions of the lifting eyes 202 leave room for the lead wires of the superconducting tapes in the magnetic body. In the cooling plate 20, the lead wire connection points of the superconducting tapes can be arranged at positions other than the lifting eyes 202, and the lead wire connection points are used to be electrically connected to the electrode block 30 through the lead wires to transmit current to the electrode block 30. The cooling strips can also be installed at positions other than the lifting eyes 202, so that the installation positions of the cooling strips can also be uniformly distributed on the cooling plate 20, which can facilitate uniform transmission of the cold energy from the cooling strips to the cooling plate 20, to ensure uniform distribution of the cold energy at different positions of the toroidal field magnet.

[0049] The specific shape and size of the cooling plate 20 can be determined based on the toroidal ratio thereof, and the cooling plate 20 can be proportionally increased or reduced to obtain cooling plates 20 of different sizes, to be applicable to toroidal field coils 10 in different nuclear fusion reactors. For example, the size can be scaled by 0.25 to 10 times based on a certain size, and the center angles of the curved portions in the cooling plate 20 remain unchanged during scaling, and only the size is scaled. The shape and size of the cooling plate 20 are exemplarily introduced below.

[0050] In the embodiment of the present application, the cooling plate 20 is substantially D-shaped, and the cooling plate 20 can be regarded as being formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of segments. Figure 5 is another structural schematic view of a cooling plate provided by the present application. As shown in Figure 5 the cooling plate 20 can include a cooling plate straight segment D1, a first cooling plate top corner segment D2, a cooling plate arc segment D3, and a second cooling plate top corner segment D4, which are sequentially connected end to end. These segments can also be regarded as segments in the cooling plate main body 201, and the lifting eyes 202 can be arranged on these segments.

[0051] Exemplarily, the outer ring surface radius of the cooling plate straight segment D1 ranges from 0.25 x 10709.88 mm to 10 x 10709.88 mm, and the center angle of the outer ring surface is 4.96 degrees. The inner ring surface of the cooling plate straight segment D1 is a plane. For example, the outer ring surface radius is 10709.88 mm. The length of the cooling plate straight segment D1 ranges from 0.25 x 794.14 mm to 10 x 794.14 mm, and for example, the length of the cooling plate straight segment D1 is 794.14 mm.

[0052] The first top corner section D2 and the second top corner section D4 of the cooling plate 20 are symmetrical about the middle axis L of the cooling plate 20, and the parameters of the first top corner section D2 and the second top corner section D4 can be the same. For either of the first top corner section D2 and the second top corner section D4, the outer ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*47.4 mm to 10*47.4 mm, the outer ring surface central angle is 114.83 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*45 mm to 10*45 mm, and the inner ring surface central angle is 124.71 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius is 47.4 mm, and the inner ring surface radius is 45 mm.

[0053] The outer ring surface radius of the cooling plate arc section D3 ranges from 0.25*567 mm to 10*567 mm, the outer ring surface central angle is 125.47 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*528 mm to 10*528 mm, and the inner ring surface central angle is 110.68 degrees. For example, the outer ring surface radius of the cooling plate arc section D3 ranges from 567 mm.

[0054] The connection part (not shown in the figure) of the lifting ring 202 and the cooling plate body 201 is an arc section, and the radius thereof can range from 0.25*10 mm to 10*10 mm, and the central angle thereof is 56.11 degrees. The top of the lifting ring 202 is also an arc section, and the radius thereof can range from 0.25*16.5 mm to 10*16.5 mm, and the central angle thereof is 113 degrees. The part between the top of the lifting ring 202 and the connection part of the cooling plate body 201 can be a straight section, and the length thereof can range from 0.25*31 mm to 10*31 mm. For example, the radius of the connection part is 10 mm, the radius of the top section of the lifting ring 202 is 16.5 mm, and the length of the straight section is 31 mm. The diameter of the lifting hole on the lifting ring 202 can be 13 mm, and the distance from the center of the lifting hole to the top of the lifting ring 202 can be 16.5 mm. The diameter and the distance can be adjusted based on actual needs.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present application, the toroidal field magnet includes seven lifting rings 202. Three of the seven lifting rings 202 can be distributed on the cooling plate straight section D1 of the cooling plate 20, and four of the seven lifting rings 202 can be distributed on the cooling plate arc section D3 of the cooling plate 20. On the cooling plate straight section D1, the lifting ring 202 in the middle can be located on the middle axis of the cooling plate 20, and the distance between the lifting rings 202 on both sides and the lifting ring 202 in the middle can be 320 mm. Since the outer surface of the cooling plate straight section D1 of the cooling plate 20 is a curved surface, the distance from the center of the lifting hole in the lifting ring 202 in the middle to the inner ring surface M21 of the cooling plate 20 can be 72.5 mm, and the distance from the center of the lifting hole in the lifting ring 202 on both sides to the inner ring surface M21 of the cooling plate 20 can be 62.5 mm.

[0056] The lifting rings 202 on the arc segment D3 of the cold plate are evenly distributed on both sides of the central axis L of the cold plate 20, the included angle of the two lifting rings 202 closest to the central axis L can be 25 degrees, and the included angle of the two lifting rings 202 farthest from the central axis L can be 53 degrees. The included angle can refer to the included angle between the target connecting line and the central axis L, and the target connecting line can be the connecting line between the center of the lifting ring 202 and the center of the outer ring surface of the cold plate arc segment D3. The distance between the center of the lifting hole of the lifting ring 202 provided on the cold plate arc segment D3 and the center of the outer ring surface of the cold plate arc segment D3 can be 590.5mm. In the embodiment of the application, various dimensions of the lifting ring 202 can be adjusted accordingly based on the dimensions of the cold plate main body 201.

[0057] In some embodiments of the toroidal field magnet, on the basis of the foregoing structure, the toroidal field magnet can further include two transition blocks, and the toroidal field coil 10 realizes electrical connection with the electrode block 30 through the transition blocks. Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of another toroidal field magnet provided by an embodiment of the application, Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of still another toroidal field magnet provided by an embodiment of the application, Figure 7 may be Figure 6 is a left view of the toroidal field magnet. As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the toroidal field magnet can further include two transition blocks 40, and each transition block 40 can be located between an electrode block 30 and a cold plate 20.

[0058] Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a transition block provided by an embodiment of the application, Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of another transition block provided by an embodiment of the application, Figure 9 may be Figure 8 is a top view of the transition block. Please refer to Figures 6 to 9 , the transition block 40 can be arc-shaped, the first surface B1 of the transition block 40 close to the cold plate 20 is attached to the outer ring surface M22 of the cold plate 20, and the second surface B2 of the transition block 40 away from the cold plate 20 has a planar region Q1, and the electrode block 30 is located on the planar region Q1. The electrode end of the toroidal field coil 10 can extend to the planar region Q1 and electrically connect with the electrode block 30 on the planar region Q1. The electrode end of the toroidal field coil 10 can cover the planar region Q1, such as extending from one end of the planar region Q1 to the other end of the planar region Q1, across the entire planar region Q1. The electrode end of the toroidal field coil 10 can be located between the planar region Q1 and the electrode block 30. In this way, by providing the planar region Q1 in the transition block 40, the contact area of the electrode block 30 and the electrode end of the toroidal field coil 10 can be increased, facilitating the transmission of current to the toroidal field coil 10 and ensuring good current transmission effect.

[0059] Please continue to refer to Figures 6 to 9 , the second surface B2 of the transition block 40 away from the second surface B2 of the cooling plate 20 also has a transition area Q2, which smoothly connects the planar area Q1 and the first surface B1. The transition area Q2 can be a slope surface with a certain slope, which can be a plane or an arc surface. The electrode end (i.e. a section of superconducting tape) of the toroidal field coil 10 can extend to the planar area Q1 along the transition area Q2. In this way, it can be ensured that when the electrode end of the toroidal field coil 10 is connected to the electrode block 30, the superconducting tape smoothly transitions, avoiding large-angle bending of the superconducting tape and reducing damage to the superconducting tape.

[0060] The second surface B2 can only include the planar area Q1 and the transition area Q2. In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 8 , the second surface B2 can also include a fixing area Q3, which can be convex relative to the transition area Q2. The fixing area Q3 can be an arc surface, or the fixing area Q3 can also be a plane. The fixing area Q3 can be used to fix the transition block 40 with other components. For example, the fixing area Q3 has a plurality of fixing holes, which can be used to fix the transition block 40 with the cooling plate 20.

[0061] In some embodiments, the transition block 40 has a protruding portion (not labeled in the figure) protruding towards the direction close to the toroidal field coil 10 relative to the cooling plate 20, which covers the coil winding in the toroidal field coil 10. In the case where the toroidal field magnet includes a plurality of stacked toroidal field coils, the protruding portion covers the outermost coil winding in the toroidal field coil 10 closest to the cooling plate 20. At least part of the transition area Q2 and the planar area Q1 are located in the protruding portion, so that the electrode end in the coil winding can directly extend to the planar area Q1 along the transition area Q2, thereby realizing electrical connection with the electrode block 30.

[0062] In some embodiments, the material of the transition block 40 can include metal, such as red copper. The overall width of the transition block 40 can reach 30 mm. The thickness of the transition block 40 can range from 0.25 x 11 mm to 4 x 11 mm, such as 11 mm. The thickness can refer to the maximum distance of the first surface B1 and the second surface B2 in the arrangement direction thereof. The length of the planar area Q1 in the second surface B2 can range from 0.25 x 160 mm to 4 x 160 mm, such as 160 mm. The width of the transition area Q2 in the second surface B2 can be 10 mm, which can ensure covering the toroidal field coil 10 and smoothly transitioning the superconducting tape in the toroidal field coil to the transition block 40.

[0063] The included angle of the two ends of the transition block 40 can be 37.04 degrees due to the arc shape, the radius range of the first surface B1 can be 0.25*568 mm to 10*568 mm, and the radius range of the second surface B2 can be 0.25*582.82 mm to 10*582.82 mm. For example, the radius of the first surface B1 is 568 mm, and the radius of the second surface B2 is 582.82 mm.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, the toroidal field magnet can further include an insulating sheet between the transition block 40 and the cold plate 20. The insulating sheet can be used to insulate the transition block 40 and the cold plate 20, and insulate the transition block 40 and the superconducting tape in the toroidal field coil 10 except the electrode end, to ensure safe power supply to the toroidal field coil 10 through the electrode block 30, and prevent the current from flowing to the cold plate 20 and the toroidal field coil 10 directly through the transition block, thereby ensuring the power supply performance.

[0065] In the embodiment of the present application, after all the components in the toroidal field magnet are completely assembled, the magnet structure can be as shown in Figure 6 The overall thickness of the magnet can reach 120 mm, and the two cold plates 20 can press the four toroidal field coils 10.

[0066] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of part of the structure of a toroidal field magnet provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 11 is an exploded view of part of the structure of a toroidal field magnet provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another part of the structure of a toroidal field magnet provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 12 may be Figure 10 a schematic diagram of part of the structure in the dashed box. Figures 10 to 12 Only one cold plate 20 and the components arranged thereon are shown schematically, as shown in Figures 10 to 12 The toroidal field magnet further includes an insulating sheet 50 between the transition block 40 and the cold plate 20. The insulating sheet 50, the transition block 40 and the electrode block 30 can be stacked in sequence on the outer circumferential surface of the cold plate 20. The transition region in the insulating sheet 50 and the transition block 40 can protrude from the side surface of the cold plate 20, and the protruding part can cover the toroidal field coil 10.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present application, please continue to refer to Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 11The outer annular surface of the cold plate 20 can have a plurality of first threaded blind holes K3, and the transition block 40 has a plurality of first through holes K4 corresponding to the plurality of first threaded blind holes K3, the first through holes K4 penetrating the first surface B1 and the second surface B2 of the transition block 40. The toroidal field magnet of the embodiment of the application further comprises a plurality of first screws, each first screw sequentially penetrating into a first through hole K4 and a corresponding first threaded blind hole K3 to fix the transition block 40 and the cold plate 20.

[0068] The through hole in the planar region Q1 in the transition block 40 in the plurality of first through holes K4 is a counterbore. The counterbore refers to a stepped hole in which the head of a fastener can be completely sunk into the connecting piece, and the counterbore is divided into two parts in communication, one part has a larger diameter, and the other part has a smaller diameter, and the part with a larger diameter is used to accommodate the head of the fastener. In this way, after the fastener is arranged in the first through hole K4, the installation of the electrode block 30 on the planar region Q1 can be avoided. In the embodiment of the application, the cold plate 20 has five first threaded blind holes K3, and the transition block 40 has five first through holes K4, and the number can be adjusted.

[0069] For example, the diameter of the first through hole K4 on the planar region Q1 can be 5.8 mm, and the upper part of the first through hole K4 can be a circular hole with a diameter of 10 mm and a sinking of 5.7 mm, which facilitates the fixing of the strip transition block without affecting the subsequent installation of the electrode block. The distance from the center point of the first through hole K4 to the outside of the transition block 40 can be 10 mm.

[0070] Figure 13 is a structural schematic diagram of an electrode block provided by the embodiment of the application, Figure 14 is another structural schematic diagram of an electrode block provided by the embodiment of the application, Figure 14 may be Figure 13 is a bottom view of the electrode block 30. Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 The second surface B2 of the transition block 40 has a plurality of second threaded blind holes K5, and the electrode block 30 has a plurality of second through holes K6 corresponding to the plurality of second threaded blind holes K5. The second through hole can be a counterbore to avoid affecting the installation of subsequent other components. The toroidal field magnet further comprises a plurality of second screws, each second screw sequentially penetrating into a second through hole K6 and a corresponding second threaded blind hole K5 to fix the electrode block 30 and the transition block 40. In the embodiment of the application, the transition block 40 has four second threaded blind holes K5, and the electrode block 30 has four second through holes K6, and the number can be adjusted.

[0071] For example, the diameter of the second through hole K6 in the electrode block 30 can be 5.5 mm, the upper part of the second through hole K6 can be a circular hole with a diameter of 10 mm and a sinking of 6.5 mm. Four second through holes K6 can be symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the electrode block 30, the distance between the two closer second through holes K6 can be 30 mm, and the distance between the two farther second through holes K6 can be 90 mm. The second threaded blind hole K5 can be an M5-6H threaded hole with a sinking of 6 mm, and the distance between the two middle second threaded blind holes K5 can be 30 mm, and the distance between the two side second threaded blind holes K5 can be 90 mm.

[0072] In some embodiments, the electrode block 30 can also have a plurality of lead connection holes K7. The lead connected to the external power supply can be connected to the electrode block 30 through the lead connection hole K7. The lead connection hole K7 can be an M10-6H through threaded hole. The lead connection hole K7 can be located in the middle of the electrode block 30, and the distance from the edge of the electrode block 30 can be 15 mm, and the distance from the center of the second through hole K6 can be 5 mm.

[0073] In some embodiments, on the cooling plate body of the cooling plate 20, mounting holes for the cooling strips can also be reserved, for example, referring to the cooling plate 20 in any of the preceding figures, eight mounting holes for the cooling strips can be reserved, and each cooling strip mounting hole can have two rows and four columns, i.e., eight hole positions. In some embodiments, the distance between the two rows of hole positions can be 20 mm, the distance between the two adjacent hole positions in each row of hole positions can be 15 mm, the distance between the inner row of hole positions and the inner ring surface of the cooling plate 20 can be 10 mm, and the distance between the outer row of hole positions and the inner ring surface of the cooling plate 20 can be 30 mm. On the cooling plate arc segment of the cooling plate 20, the distance between the hole positions of the cooling strip mounting holes and the fixing through holes for fastening the cooling plate and the toroidal field coil can be 25 mm. On the cooling plate straight segment of the cooling plate 20, the closest distance between a group of cooling strip mounting holes and the central axis of the cooling plate 20 can be 135 mm, and the farthest distance can be 400 mm. The closest distance is the distance between the cooling strip mounting hole closest to the central axis in the group of cooling strip mounting holes and the central axis. The farthest distance is the distance between the cooling strip mounting hole farthest from the central axis in the group of cooling strip mounting holes and the central axis. By reserving mounting positions for the cooling strips, the assembly and support of the entire magnet can be unaffected, and sufficient cooling capacity can be provided for the magnet through the uniformly distributed cooling strips.

[0074] The above distances and sizes are examples and can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0075] The cooling effect of the whole toroidal field magnet can be better after the cooling plates are added on both sides of the toroidal field coil. The use of the transition block and the electrode block can make the current flow to the superconducting tape smoothly and reduce the heat generation. The overall structure of the toroidal field magnet is more symmetrical, and the cold quantity transmission can be more uniform.

[0076] In the toroidal field magnet provided by the embodiment of the present application, two cooling plates are arranged on both sides of the toroidal field coil respectively, and the cooling plates can transmit cold quantity to the toroidal field coil from both sides, so that the cooling effect of the toroidal field coil is better, and the working stability of the toroidal field coil can be higher. Moreover, the electrode block is arranged on the cooling plate to supply power to the toroidal field coil, which can simply supply power to the toroidal field coil on the basis of ensuring the cooling effect, and ensure that the overall structure is relatively simple. Moreover, the transition block can be used to realize smooth transition of the electrode end of the toroidal field coil to the connection with the electrode block, and the connection reliability can be ensured to be higher. Moreover, the transition block can be used to make the contact area of the electrode block and the toroidal field coil larger, and realize better current transmission effect.

[0077] The embodiment of the present application also provides a nuclear fusion reaction device, which comprises a reaction chamber, a central solenoid magnet, a poloidal field magnet and the toroidal field magnet. The number of the toroidal field magnets in the nuclear fusion reaction device can be multiple, and the multiple toroidal field magnets are arranged around the reaction chamber along the toroidal direction of the reaction chamber. Since the working stability of the toroidal field magnet is higher, the effect of the nuclear fusion reaction device to realize nuclear fusion reaction can be ensured to be better.

[0078] The above describes specific embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the acts or steps recited in the claims can be performed in a different order than those described in the embodiments, and still achieve desirable results. Also, the processes depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous.

[0079] Those skilled in the art should know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present application. In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment is focused on, and the parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the related description of other embodiments.

[0080] The preferred embodiments of the application disclosed above are only to facilitate the explanation of the application. Alternative embodiments do not describe all the details and do not limit the application to the specific implementation described. Obviously, according to the content of the application, many modifications and changes can be made. The application selects and describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the application, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the application.

Claims

1. A toroidal field magnet, characterized by, The ring field coil, two annular cooling plates and two electrode blocks are included. The two cooling plates are respectively located on two sides of the ring field coil and cover two side surfaces of the ring field coil to transmit cold energy to the ring field coil. The two electrode blocks are respectively located on outer ring surfaces of the two cooling plates, and each of the electrode blocks is electrically connected with one electrode end of the ring field coil to supply power to the ring field coil through the electrode block.

2. The toroidal-field magnet of claim 1, wherein Two transition blocks are further included, and each of the transition blocks is located between one of the electrode blocks and the cooling plate. The transition block is arc-shaped, and a first surface of the transition block close to the outer ring surface of the cooling plate is attached to the outer ring surface of the cooling plate, and a second surface of the transition block away from the cooling plate has a planar area, and the electrode block is located on the planar area. The electrode end of the ring field coil extends to the planar area and is electrically connected with the electrode block on the planar area.

3. The toroidal-field magnet of claim 2, wherein, The second surface of the transition block away from the cooling plate further has a transition area which smoothly connects the planar area and the first surface, and the electrode end of the ring field coil extends to the planar area along the transition area.

4. The toroidal-field magnet of claim 3, wherein The transition block has a protruding part protruding towards the ring field coil relative to the cooling plate, and the protruding part covers coil windings in the ring field coil, and at least part of the transition area and the planar area is located in the protruding part.

5. A toroidal field magnet according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, An insulating sheet is further included between the transition block and the cooling plate.

6. The toroidal-field magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The cooling plate has a plurality of lifting rings protruding from the outer ring surface and uniformly distributed; And / or, the ring field magnet further includes a plurality of screws, the ring field coil and the cooling plate each have a plurality of fixed through holes in the circumferential direction, and any fixed through hole on each of the ring field coils is in communication with one fixed through hole on the cooling plate; each of the screws passes through a group of fixed through holes in communication in the ring field coil and the cooling plate to fix the ring field coil and the cooling plate; And / or, the thickness of the cooling plate ranges from 5 mm to 50 mm; And / or, the electrode block is in the shape of a cuboid.

7. The toroidal-field magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The cooling plate is in the shape of D, and the cooling plate includes a cooling plate straight section, a first cooling plate top corner section, a cooling plate arc section and a second cooling plate top corner section connected in sequence; The outer ring surface of the cooling plate straight section has a radius ranging from 0.25*10709.88 mm to 10*10709.88 mm, and the outer ring surface has a central angle of 4.96 degrees, and the inner ring surface of the cooling plate straight section is a plane; And / or, the length of the cooling plate straight section ranges from 0.25*794.14 mm to 10*794.14 mm; And / or, for any of the first cooling plate top corner section and the second cooling plate top corner section, the outer ring surface of the top corner section has a radius ranging from 0.25*47.4 mm to 10*47.4 mm, and the outer ring surface has a central angle of 114.83 degrees, and the inner ring surface has a radius ranging from 0.25*45 mm to 10*45 mm, and the inner ring surface has a central angle of 124.71 degrees; And / or, the outer ring surface radius of the cold plate arc segment ranges from 0.25*567mm to 10*567mm, the central angle of the outer ring surface is 125.47 degrees, the inner ring surface radius ranges from 0.25*528mm to 10*528mm, and the central angle of the inner ring surface is 110.68 degrees. And / or, the electrode block is located at the central axis of the cold plate arc segment.

8. The toroidal-field magnet according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that Further comprising a plurality of first screws; the cold plate has a plurality of first threaded blind holes on the outer ring surface, the transition block has a plurality of first through holes corresponding to the plurality of first threaded blind holes, and the through hole of the first through holes located in the planar area of the transition block is a counterbore; each first screw is sequentially inserted into a first through hole and a corresponding first threaded blind hole to fix the transition block and the cold plate. And / or, the toroidal field magnet further comprises a plurality of second screws; the second surface of the transition block has a plurality of second threaded blind holes, and the electrode block has a plurality of second through holes corresponding to the plurality of second threaded blind holes; each second screw is sequentially inserted into a second through hole and a corresponding second threaded blind hole to fix the electrode block and the transition block. And / or, the included angle of the transition block at both ends is 37.04 degrees, the radius of the first surface ranges from 0.25*568mm to 10*568mm, and the radius of the second surface ranges from 0.25*582.82mm to 10*582.82mm.

9. The toroidal-field magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The toroidal field magnet comprises a plurality of toroidal field coils stacked in sequence, and the coil windings in the plurality of toroidal field coils are electrically connected, and the two cold plates are located on both sides of the plurality of toroidal field coils. And / or, the toroidal field coil comprises a skeleton structure, and a first pressing plate, a first cold plate, a first impregnated material layer, a first coil winding, a channeling plate, a second coil winding, a second impregnated material layer, a second cold plate and a second pressing plate arranged in sequence on the skeleton structure.

10. A nuclear fusion reaction apparatus, characterized by comprising: Comprise: a reaction chamber, a central solenoid, a poloidal field magnet and the toroidal field magnet of any one of claims 1 to 9.

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