Phase shifter and base station antenna
By designing a parallel dielectric phase-shifting module and optimizing the phase-shifting ratio using microwave transmission lines with different parameters and areas, the network loss and complexity issues of traditional cavity phase shifters in the case of multiple antenna elements are solved, realizing a base station antenna design with low loss, high gain and easy assembly.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423296156.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-30
AI Technical Summary
Traditional cavity phase shifter designs increase link length and matching stages when there are multiple antenna elements, leading to increased network loss. They are also difficult to implement with no or few cables, affecting the gain of base station antennas and increasing assembly difficulty.
A parallel dielectric phase-shifting module design is adopted. By setting microwave transmission lines with different parameters and areas within the dielectric block, different phase shift ratios can be achieved for each antenna element, reducing the number of matching stages and power divider matching networks. The phase shift ratio is optimized by adjusting the exposed area of the transmission lines using dielectric bosses, slot bridges, and dielectric windows.
It effectively reduces power supply network losses, simplifies topology, reduces material costs and production time, increases the upper limit of base station antenna gain, improves amplitude and phase linearity, and facilitates cableless or low-cable design.
Smart Images
Figure CN223757662U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to wireless communication technical field especially refers to a phase shifter and base station antenna. BACKGROUND
[0002] Under the background of national double carbon strategy, in response to the national energy saving strategy, green and efficient energy-saving base station antenna has become the mainstream development trend. The loss of base station antenna is mainly from the internal feed network, and the traditional scheme generally uses phase shifter to realize with long phase cable, and the use of more phase cables in the link is an important source of feed network loss, so the phase shifter design scheme without cable and less cable is very critical.
[0003] There are two kinds of traditional cavity phase shifter design schemes, one is to arrange multiple dielectric phase shift blocks in series for phase shift, which has been widely used in the industry, but this scheme will greatly increase the link length and matching series, and it is not easy to completely concentrate the array center unit electric length compensation line to the inside of the cavity, with the increase of the number of vibrator units, the phase shifter network loss will also increase obviously. Another design idea of cavity phase shifter is to use a large dielectric block to realize the phase shift of all antenna units, which is only suitable for a small number of antenna units, and the large dielectric block coverage will bring large dielectric loss. In order to reduce the overall loss of antenna feed network, and suitable for multiple antenna units, a new phase shifter design scheme is proposed. SUMMARY
[0004] The utility model aims at providing a kind of phase shifter and base station antenna, can reduce the loss caused by power division matching network in feed network and the loss caused by impedance matching part in dielectric phase shift module, simplify topology structure, improve the gain upper limit of base station antenna.
[0005] The technical scheme provided by the utility model is as follows:
[0006] The utility model provides a kind of phase shifter, comprising:
[0007] At least one dielectric phase shift block, the dielectric phase shift block includes dielectric block, and at least two microwave transmission lines are arranged in the dielectric block, one end of each microwave transmission line extends from the dielectric block, and the dielectric block is used to connect antenna unit or other dielectric phase shift block;
[0008] The parameters of each microwave transmission line are different and / or the area of the dielectric block covering each microwave transmission line is different to realize different proportional phase shift of each antenna unit.
[0009] The application can realize different proportional phase shifting of each antenna unit by setting at least two microwave transmission lines in the dielectric block of the dielectric phase shifting block, and the parameters of each microwave transmission line are different, and / or the areas covered by the microwave transmission lines are different, thereby effectively reducing the matching level of each branch transmission line, making the link simpler, reducing the number of phase shifting dielectric, easy to assemble and miniaturization design, more easily to realize cable-free or less cable, which can effectively reduce the material cost and production time, and reduce the loss caused by the impedance matching part in the dielectric phase shifting module, and improve the upper limit of the gain of the base station antenna.
[0010] In some embodiments, the number of dielectric phase shifting blocks is multiple, and the multiple dielectric phase shifting blocks are arranged in sequence along a first direction, including an initial phase shifting block, a terminal phase shifting block, and intermediate phase shifting blocks between the initial phase shifting block and the terminal phase shifting block.
[0011] One end of the dielectric block of the initial phase shifting block is connected with the feed network, one of the microwave transmission lines of each of the microwave transmission lines of the initial phase shifting block is connected with the dielectric block of the adjacent intermediate phase shifting block, and the other microwave transmission lines are respectively connected with different antenna units.
[0012] One of the microwave transmission lines of each of the microwave transmission lines of the intermediate phase shifting block is connected with the dielectric block of the adjacent intermediate phase shifting block, and the other microwave transmission lines are respectively connected with different antenna units.
[0013] Each of the microwave transmission lines of the terminal phase shifting block is respectively connected with different antenna units.
[0014] In some embodiments, further comprising a power division matching network,
[0015] The power division matching network is arranged between the dielectric phase shifting block and the feed network, and / or between two adjacent dielectric phase shifting blocks, and the power division matching network is connected with one antenna unit.
[0016] The application can also effectively reduce the number of power division matching branches in the feed network, and further reduce the loss caused by the power division matching network in the feed network.
[0017] In some embodiments, the number of dielectric phase shifting blocks is two, each of the dielectric phase shifting blocks comprises two microwave transmission lines, and the power division matching network is arranged between the dielectric phase shifting block and the feed network, and between the two dielectric phase shifting blocks, so that the phase shifter can realize different proportional phase shifting of five antenna units.
[0018] In some embodiments, the number of the dielectric phase-shifting blocks is two, each of the dielectric phase-shifting blocks includes three microwave transmission lines, and the dielectric phase-shifting blocks are connected with the feed network through the power division matching network, so that the phase shifter can realize different phase-shifting ratios of seven antenna units.
[0019] In some embodiments, at least part of the microwave transmission lines of the dielectric phase-shifting blocks are exposed outside the corresponding dielectric blocks, and the exposed part of the microwave transmission lines is provided with at least one dielectric boss for adjusting the exposed area of the microwave transmission lines.
[0020] Since the microwave transmission lines are covered by dielectric and the impedance in the air is different, by setting the dielectric boss, different phase-shifting ratios of the antenna units can be realized.
[0021] In some embodiments, the surface of the dielectric block of the dielectric phase-shifting block is provided with a plurality of slit through holes to form a slit bridge for adjusting the exposed area of part of the microwave transmission lines.
[0022] By setting the slit bridge, different phase-shifting ratios of the antenna units can also be realized, and the overall length and insertion loss of the phase shifter are reduced.
[0023] In some embodiments, the surface of the dielectric block of the dielectric phase-shifting block is provided with at least one dielectric window for adjusting the exposed area of part of the microwave transmission lines.
[0024] By setting the dielectric window, the dielectric window part and the non-window part have different equivalent dielectric constants, so that different phase-shifting ratios of the antenna units can be realized.
[0025] In some embodiments, the equal distance physical lengths of at least part of the microwave transmission lines of the dielectric phase-shifting block are different.
[0026] By using different types of microwave transmission lines, the equal distance physical lengths of the microwave transmission lines are different, so that when the dielectric phase-shifting block slides a certain distance, the equivalent physical lengths of the different microwave transmission lines are different, and different phase-shifting ratios of the antenna units can be realized.
[0027] In a second aspect, the application provides a base station antenna, which comprises the phase shifter of the first aspect and a plurality of antenna units connected with the phase shifter.
[0028] The phase shifter and the base station antenna provided by the application have at least the following beneficial effects:
[0029] 1) Reduce network loss, using the phase-shift medium block of the case can realize independent phase shift of multiple antenna units at the same time, which can effectively reduce the number of power division matching branches in the feed network and the number of medium matching structures passed by each unit branch, thereby reducing the insertion loss of the feed network;
[0030] 2) Simplify the topology structure, the link of the scheme is simple, the number of phase-shift media is reduced, easy to assemble and miniaturization design, easier to do without cable or less cable, which can effectively reduce the material cost and production working hours;
[0031] 3) Improve the amplitude and phase linearity, compared with the shunt medium serial phase shift scheme in the prior art, the scheme can effectively reduce the power division and matching level in each branch transmission line, so that the amplitude and phase flatness fluctuation caused by multi-level matching in the link is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0032] The above-mentioned characteristics, technical features, advantages and implementation modes of the scheme will be further described in a clear and understandable manner in combination with the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
[0033] Figure 1 is a design schematic diagram of the existing phase shifter;
[0034] Figure 2 is a design schematic diagram of the phase shifter of one embodiment of the utility model;
[0035] Figure 3 is a design schematic diagram of the phase shifter of another embodiment of the utility model;
[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the phase shifter of another embodiment of the utility model;
[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the medium phase shift block structure of the phase shifter of one embodiment of the utility model;
[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the medium phase shift block structure of the phase shifter of another embodiment of the utility model;
[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the medium phase shift block structure of the phase shifter of another embodiment of the utility model;
[0040] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the medium phase shift block structure of the phase shifter of another embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, specific implementation manners of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative labor, and other embodiments can also be obtained.
[0042] In order to make the drawing simple, only the parts related to the present application are shown in each drawing, which does not represent the actual structure of the product. In addition, in order to make the drawing simple and easy to understand, in some drawings, only one of the components with the same structure or function is shown, or only one of them is marked. In this paper, "one" not only means "only one", but also means "more than one".
[0043] Under the background of the national double carbon strategy, in response to the national energy saving strategy, green and efficient energy-saving base station antennas have become the mainstream development trend. The loss of the base station antenna mainly comes from the internal feed network, and the traditional scheme generally uses a phase shifter to cooperate with a long phase cable to realize it. The use of more phase cables in the link is an important source of feed network loss, so the design scheme of the phase shifter without cable and with less cable is very critical. The phase shifter is a core component of the base station antenna, and its performance directly affects the overall performance of the antenna. The phase shifter adjusts the transmission speed of the signal in the medium by changing the position of the dielectric plate, thereby realizing the change of the transmission phase. The dielectric block plays an important role in the phase shifter, and it needs to have good dimensional stability, adjustable dielectric constant and extremely low dielectric loss. The dielectric block in the dielectric phase shifter is usually made of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) or its modified material, because PPO has good dimensional stability, excellent electrical performance, low dielectric loss and little change in dielectric performance with frequency. These characteristics of PPO make it an ideal material for 5G base station dielectric blocks, which can change the transmission of force and energy, including the transmission of light and sound, and determine the direction and speed of wave energy transmission. In 5G technology, PPO is widely used in low, medium and high frequency electric field due to its excellent mechanical strength, stress relaxation resistance, creep resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, flame resistance, and electrical performance. In addition, the dielectric loss of PPO is one of the smallest varieties in engineering plastics, and is almost not affected by temperature and humidity.
[0044] There are two traditional cavity phase shifter design schemes, one is to arrange multiple dielectric phase blocks in series for phase shifting, which has been widely used in the industry, but this scheme will greatly increase the link length and matching level, and it is not easy to completely concentrate the array center unit electric length compensation line to the inside of the cavity. With the increase of the number of vibrator units, the phase shifter network loss will also increase obviously. For example, as shown in Figure 1The phase shifter in the prior art is usually a plurality of small dielectric phase shift modules connected in series, and a power division matching network is inserted between two dielectric phase shift modules to realize power distribution and network cascade.
[0045] 1) When the number of antenna units is large, the series connection of dielectric phase shift modules leads to redundancy of power division matching networks, increases the complexity of network wiring, and reduces the efficiency of the entire feeding network.
[0046] 2) When the increase in the number of antenna units is not enough to offset the increase in insertion loss caused by the increase in the number of antenna units, increasing the number of antenna units will not improve the antenna gain, and there is an upper limit to the improvement of base station antenna gain.
[0047] 3) The more the number of antenna units, the greater the difference between the edge antenna units and the middle antenna units, and the longer the phase matching line of the middle antenna units, which does not have enough space for wiring in the chamber, which is not conducive to cable-free and cable-less design.
[0048] 4) Too many series dielectric phase shift modules increase the difficulty and complexity of antenna assembly.
[0049] Another design idea of the cavity phase shifter is to use a large dielectric block to realize the phase shift of all antenna units, which is only suitable for a small number of antenna units, and a large dielectric block cover will cause large dielectric loss. In order to reduce the overall loss of the antenna feeding network and be suitable for multiple antenna units, a new phase shifter design scheme is proposed, which realizes parallel connection of multiple dielectric phase shift modules. The parallel connected dielectric phase shift modules can realize different proportional phase shifts of multiple antenna units by adjusting the dielectric or the transmission line in the dielectric or a combination of the two. The following will be described in detail in combination with the drawings:
[0050] In one embodiment, the utility model provides a kind of phase shifter, comprising: at least one dielectric phase shift block, dielectric phase shift block includes dielectric block, and at least two microwave transmission lines in dielectric block are arranged;One end of each microwave transmission line extends out of the dielectric block, for connecting the dielectric block of antenna unit or other dielectric phase shift block;The parameters of each microwave transmission line are different and / or the area of dielectric block covering each microwave transmission line is different to realize different proportional phase shift to each antenna unit.
[0051] The application can realize different proportional phase shifts of each antenna unit by setting at least two microwave transmission lines in the dielectric block of the dielectric phase shift block, and the parameters of each microwave transmission line are different, and / or the areas covered by the microwave transmission lines are different, thereby effectively reducing the matching stages of each branch transmission line, making the link simpler, reducing the number of dielectric phase shifters, facilitating assembly and miniaturization design, and being more likely to achieve cable-free or cable-less, which can effectively reduce material costs and production time, while reducing the loss caused by the impedance matching part in the dielectric phase shift module, and improving the upper limit of the gain of the base station antenna.
[0052] The application does not limit the specific number of dielectric phase shift blocks, which can be arbitrarily expanded according to needs. The application also does not limit the number of microwave transmission lines in the dielectric block, but at least two microwave transmission lines are needed, so that the phase shifter can at least independently phase shift two antenna units. The application also does not limit the different phase shift coefficients of each antenna unit, which can be adjusted according to needs. The application also does not limit the structure of the microwave transmission line, which can be a strip line, a microstrip line, etc. In the corresponding structure, PCB, metal, plastic plating, conductive coating, etc. can be used for microwave transmission.
[0053] In one specific implementation, the number of dielectric phase shift blocks is multiple, the multiple dielectric phase shift blocks are arranged in sequence along a first direction, including an initial phase shift block, an end phase shift block, and intermediate phase shift blocks between the initial phase shift block and the end phase shift block; one end of the dielectric block of the initial phase shift block is connected with the feed network, one of the microwave transmission lines of the initial phase shift block is connected with the dielectric block of the adjacent intermediate phase shift block, and the other microwave transmission lines are respectively connected with different antenna units; one of the microwave transmission lines of the intermediate phase shift block is connected with the dielectric block of the adjacent intermediate phase shift block, and the other microwave transmission lines are respectively connected with different antenna units; and the microwave transmission lines of the end phase shift block are respectively connected with different antenna units.
[0054] In one embodiment, the phase shifter of the application further includes a power division matching network, which is arranged between the dielectric phase shift block and the feed network, and / or between two adjacent dielectric phase shift blocks, and the power division matching network is connected with one antenna unit. By adopting the parallel dielectric phase shift module, the number of power division matching networks can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the number of power division matching branches in the feed network, and further reducing the loss caused by the power division matching network in the feed network.
[0055] The combination of the dielectric phase shift block and the power division matching network can be adjusted according to needs. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the dielectric phase shift block and the power division matching network are combined in series. Figure 2As shown, in one specific implementation, the number of dielectric phase shift blocks is two, each dielectric phase shift block contains two microwave transmission lines, and power division matching networks are arranged between the dielectric phase shift blocks and the feed network, and between the two dielectric phase shift blocks, so that the phase shifter can realize different proportional phase shifts of five antenna units.
[0056] This scheme realizes parallel connection of multiple dielectric phase shift modules. The parallel connected dielectric phase shift modules can realize different proportional phase shifts of multiple antenna units by adjusting the dielectric or the transmission line in the dielectric or a combination of the two. Compared with the traditional phase shifter scheme, this scheme has obvious design advantages:
[0057] 1) To realize the same number of antenna units, the number of power division matching networks in the feed network is greatly reduced, which can effectively reduce the loss caused by the power division matching network in the feed network.
[0058] 2) Compared with the traditional phase shifter, for example, from Figure 1 It can be seen that from the input node of the feed network to the leftmost antenna unit, a total of four dielectric phase shift blocks are passed, and the impedance matching of each dielectric phase shift block will increase the network loss; while from Figure 2 As shown in the phase shifter, from the input node of the feed network to the leftmost antenna unit, a total of two dielectric phase shift blocks are passed. By comparison, it is not difficult to find that, Figure 2 The new phase shifter design scheme shown in can effectively reduce the loss caused by the impedance matching part in the dielectric phase shift module;
[0059] 3) The reduction of the number of dielectric phase shift blocks makes the antenna assembly more convenient.
[0060] 4) Parallel dielectric phase shift modules, the directivity improvement brought by the increase of the number of antenna units is much higher than the insertion loss of the increased feed network, which improves the upper limit of the gain of the base station antenna.
[0061] For example, as shown in Figure 3 As shown, in one specific implementation, the number of dielectric phase shift blocks is two, each dielectric phase shift block contains three microwave transmission lines, and power division matching networks are arranged between the dielectric phase shift blocks and the feed network, and between the two dielectric phase shift blocks, so that the phase shifter can realize different proportional phase shifts of seven antenna units.
[0062] This scheme controls the phase shift of 3-way antenna units in one dielectric phase shift module, and two serial arrangements can control 7 antenna units. Compared with the traditional phase shifter design scheme, this new phase shifter design scheme can effectively reduce the complexity of the overall network when the number of antenna units is large, and is convenient for miniaturization and integration design.
[0063] For example, as shown in Figure 4As shown in the figure, in one specific implementation, four medium blocks 101 of medium size are included, each of which controls the phase shift of 2 antenna units, and four power division matching networks 103, 104, 105, and 106 are used to realize the independent phase shift of 9 antenna units. The phase shifter has only four power division matching modules, reducing the overall length and insertion loss. At the same time, the space reserved by the reduced power division matching modules can be used to balance the phase of the antenna units, reducing the length of the external cable of the phase shifter.
[0064] When different proportions of phase shift of each antenna unit are realized by setting different parameters of each microwave transmission line and / or different areas of the medium block covering each microwave transmission line, the present application can adopt various ways. For example, as shown in the figure, Figure 5 As shown in the figure, in one specific implementation, a part of at least some of the microwave transmission lines (this example includes two microwave transmission lines 201) of the medium phase shift block is exposed outside the corresponding medium block 204, and the exposed part of the microwave transmission line 201 is provided with at least one medium boss 202 for adjusting the exposed area of the microwave transmission line; the surface of the medium block 204 of the medium phase shift block is provided with a plurality of gap through holes to form a gap bridge 203 to adjust the exposed area of the microwave transmission line 201.
[0065] Because the impedance of the microwave transmission line in the air is different from that covered by the medium, by setting the medium boss, different phase shift proportions of the antenna unit can be realized; by setting the gap bridge, different phase shift proportions of the antenna unit can also be realized, and the overall length and insertion loss of the phase shifter are reduced.
[0066] For example, as shown in the figure, Figure 6 As shown in the figure, in one specific implementation, the surface of the medium block of the medium phase shift block is provided with at least one medium window 301 to adjust the exposed area of the microwave transmission line. By setting the medium window, the medium window part and the non-window part have different equivalent dielectric constants, and thus different phase shift proportions of the antenna unit are realized. The present application does not limit the specific number of medium windows, which can be double-slotted, triple-windowed, etc.
[0067] For example, as shown in the figure, Figure 7 As shown in the figure, in one specific implementation, the equal distance physical lengths of at least some of the microwave transmission lines of the medium phase shift block are different. That is, the types of the microwave transmission line 401 and the microwave transmission line 402 are different, 401 is a conventional transmission line, and 402 is a slow wave transmission line. By using different types of microwave transmission lines, the equal distance physical lengths of each microwave transmission line are different, so that when the medium phase shift block slides a certain distance, the equivalent physical lengths of different microwave transmission lines are different, and thus different phase shift proportions of the antenna unit are realized.
[0068] For example, as shown in the figure, Figure 8As shown, in one specific implementation, the medium phase shift block includes three microwave transmission lines, namely microwave transmission line 501, microwave transmission line 502 and microwave transmission line 503, by setting the types of the three microwave transmission lines to be different and the exposed areas to be different, different phase shift ratios for different antenna units can be achieved.
[0069] It should be noted that the above-mentioned implementation of different phase shift ratios for each antenna unit can be used alone or in combination, and the present application does not make any limitation. By using the phase shifter and the base station antenna provided by the present application, at least the following advantages are achieved:
[0070] 1) Reduce network loss, using the phase shift medium block of the present application can simultaneously realize independent phase shift of multiple antenna units, which can effectively reduce the number of power division matching branches in the feed network and the number of medium matching structures passed by each unit branch, thereby reducing the insertion loss of the feed network;
[0071] 2) Simplify the topology structure, the link of the present application is simple, the number of phase shift media is reduced, easy to assemble and miniaturization design, easier to achieve cable-free or less cable, which can effectively reduce the material cost and production time;
[0072] 3) Improve the amplitude and phase linearity, compared with the shunt medium serial phase shift scheme in the prior art, the present application can effectively reduce the power division and matching stages in each branch transmission line, so that the amplitude and phase flatness fluctuation caused by multi-stage matching in the link is improved.
[0073] In a second aspect, the present application provides a base station antenna, which comprises the phase shifter of the first aspect, and a plurality of antenna units connected with the phase shifter.
[0074] It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above-mentioned only is the preferred embodiment of the present application, it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A phase shifter, characterized by, The application relates to a phase shifter, comprising: at least one dielectric phase shifter block, which comprises a dielectric block and at least two microwave transmission lines arranged in the dielectric block, one end of each of the microwave transmission lines extending out of the dielectric block and being used for connecting an antenna unit or the dielectric block of another dielectric phase shifter block; parameters of each of the microwave transmission lines are different and / or areas of the dielectric block covering each of the microwave transmission lines are different so as to realize different proportional phase shifts of each antenna unit.
2. The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the dielectric phase shifter blocks are arranged in sequence along a first direction, and the plurality of the dielectric phase shifter blocks comprise an initial phase shifter block, a terminal phase shifter block and intermediate phase shifter blocks arranged between the initial phase shifter block and the terminal phase shifter block; one end of the dielectric block of the initial phase shifter block is connected with a feed network, one of the microwave transmission lines of the initial phase shifter block is connected with the dielectric block of an adjacent intermediate phase shifter block, and the other microwave transmission lines are respectively connected with different antenna units; one of the microwave transmission lines of each of the intermediate phase shifter blocks is connected with the dielectric block of an adjacent intermediate phase shifter block, and the other microwave transmission lines are respectively connected with different antenna units; the microwave transmission lines of the terminal phase shifter block are respectively connected with different antenna units.
3. The phase shifter of claim 2, wherein, a power division matching network is further included, the power division matching network is arranged between the dielectric phase shifter block and the feed network and / or between two adjacent dielectric phase shifter blocks, and the power division matching network is connected with one antenna unit.
4. The phase shifter of claim 3, wherein, the number of the dielectric phase shifter blocks is two, each of the dielectric phase shifter blocks comprises two microwave transmission lines, the power division matching network is arranged between the dielectric phase shifter block and the feed network and between two dielectric phase shifter blocks, and the phase shifter can realize different proportional phase shifts of five antenna units.
5. The phase shifter of claim 3, wherein, the number of the dielectric phase shifter blocks is two, each of the dielectric phase shifter blocks comprises three microwave transmission lines, the power division matching network is arranged between the dielectric phase shifter block and the feed network and between two dielectric phase shifter blocks, and the phase shifter can realize different proportional phase shifts of seven antenna units.
6. The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein a part of at least some of the microwave transmission lines of the dielectric phase shifter block is exposed outside the corresponding dielectric block, and at least one dielectric boss is arranged on the exposed part of the microwave transmission line for adjusting the exposed area of the microwave transmission line.
7. The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein a surface of the dielectric block of the dielectric phase shifter block is provided with a plurality of gap through holes to form a gap bridge, so as to adjust the exposed area of part of the microwave transmission lines.
8. The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein, a surface of the dielectric block of the dielectric phase shifter block is provided with at least one dielectric window, so as to adjust the exposed area of part of the microwave transmission lines.
9. The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein, equidistance physical lengths of at least some of the microwave transmission lines of the dielectric phase shifter block are different.
10. A base station antenna, comprising: the phase shifter according to any one of claims 1-9 and a plurality of antenna units matched with the phase shifter.