Array antenna

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an array antenna. The embodiment of the utility model provides an array antenna, which comprises a substrate, a radiation unit, a plurality of leading oscillators and a feed unit, and is characterized in that the substrate is provided with a first side surface and a second side surface which are oppositely arranged along the thickness direction of the substrate; the radiation unit is arranged on the first side surface and comprises a plurality of radiation oscillators which are arranged at intervals; each leading oscillator is connected with the corresponding radiation oscillator; and the feed unit is arranged on the first side surface, is connected with the plurality of radiation oscillators, and is used for synthesizing signals of the radiation oscillators and outputting the synthesized signals through the leading-out end. The mechanism of the array antenna is simplified, the bandwidth is expanded, and the antenna has stable circular polarization characteristics.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an array antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, when satellite communication, radar system and 5G base station work, they often face the problem of high standing wave ratio and insufficient gain. Although the number of radiation units or complex feed network can expand the bandwidth, the structure is complex, the cost is high, and it is difficult to achieve stable circular polarization characteristics in a wide frequency band. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present application provides an array antenna which simplifies the mechanism of the array antenna, expands the bandwidth and has stable circular polarization characteristics.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the main technical scheme adopted by the present application includes:

[0005] The present application provides an array antenna, which comprises a substrate, a radiation unit, a plurality of guide array elements and a feed unit. Along the thickness direction of the substrate, the substrate has a first side and a second side arranged oppositely. The radiation unit is arranged on the first side, and the radiation unit comprises a plurality of radiation array elements arranged at intervals. Each guide array element is connected with a corresponding radiation array element. The feed unit is arranged on the first side, and the feed unit is connected with a plurality of radiation array elements. The feed unit is used for synthesizing the signals of each radiation array element and outputting through the output end.

[0006] The array antenna provided by the present application is electrically connected with the feed unit, the feed unit synthesizes the signals of each radiation array element and outputs through the output end, so as to realize equal amplitude distribution of signals and good circular polarization characteristics. The guide array element is connected on the radiation array element, and the radiation frequency of the radiation array element and the radiation frequency of the guide array element are superimposed, so as to enhance the synthesized field strength and improve the radiation performance of the array at low frequency, thereby expanding the working bandwidth of the array antenna. By directly connecting the guide array element on the radiation array element, the structure is compact, the structure of the array antenna is simplified, the cost is reduced, and high gain can be realized.

[0007] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the guide array element, the guide array element comprises a dielectric plate and a metal layer connected in sequence, and the radiation array element is connected with the dielectric plate.

[0008] In the above scheme, the metal layer on the dielectric plate serves as a radiation surface to receive or transmit signals. Under the condition that the output frequency is constant, the guide array element adopts a dielectric plate with a dielectric constant, which can reduce the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, thereby reducing the size of the guide array element, and further reducing the overall size of the array antenna.

[0009] Optionally, each of the radiation array elements is connected to the corresponding directing array element by a non-metallic support column.

[0010] In the above scheme, the radiation array elements are connected to the directing array elements by non-metallic support columns, the structure is simple to set up, and the connection consistency between each radiation array element and the corresponding directing array element is good.

[0011] Optionally, the spacing between each of the radiation array elements and the corresponding directing array element is λ / 10, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency.

[0012] In the above scheme, if the spacing between each of the radiation array elements and the corresponding directing array element is too small, the coupling between the radiation array elements and the corresponding directing array elements is too strong, causing the direction of the array antenna to be distorted, and even increasing interference or loss; if the spacing between each of the radiation array elements and the corresponding directing array element is too large, the coupling between the radiation array elements and the corresponding directing array elements is too weak, and the directing array elements have little effect on the radiation array elements, and cannot effectively expand the bandwidth.

[0013] Optionally, the number of the plurality of radiation array elements is four, and the four radiation array elements are equally spaced on the same circle.

[0014] In the above scheme, the four radiation array elements are equally spaced on the same circle, and the plurality of radiation array elements work cooperatively, can realize the in-phase superposition of electromagnetic fields in space, thereby improving the gain of the antenna; can concentrate energy in a specific direction for radiation, enhance the strength of the signal in the direction, and reduce the dispersion of energy.

[0015] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent radiation array elements is λ, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency.

[0016] In the above scheme, when the spacing between two adjacent radiation array elements is λ, the phase difference of the electromagnetic fields between different radiation array elements is exactly 360°, which can make the coupling effect between adjacent radiation array elements offset each other to a certain extent, thereby reducing the coupling effect between the radiation array elements.

[0017] Optionally, the plurality of radiation array elements includes a first radiation array element, a second radiation array element, a third radiation array element, and a fourth radiation array element, and the feeding unit synthesizes signals output by the first radiation array element, the second radiation array element, the third radiation array element, and the fourth radiation array element at equal amplitudes and with a phase difference of 90°.

[0018] In the above scheme, the first radiating array and the second radiating array have a phase difference of 90°, the second radiating array and the third radiating array have a phase difference of 90°, and the third radiating array and the fourth radiating array have a phase difference of 90°, so that the combined array antenna signal has good circular polarization characteristics.

[0019] Optionally, the feeding unit comprises a plurality of lead lines and a plurality of combining lines, one end of each combining line is connected with a corresponding lead line, the other end is connected with the lead-out end, and the connection between the lead line and the combining line forms a connection point; along the length direction of the lead line, the lead line comprises a first end and a second end, and the first end and the second end are both connected with a corresponding radiating array, and the difference between the distance between the connection point and the first end and the distance between the connection point and the second end is λ / 4.

[0020] In the above scheme, the difference between the distance from the first end to the connection point and the distance from the second end to the connection point of each radiating array is λ / 4, so as to realize the circular polarization characteristics of a single radiating array.

[0021] Optionally, each combining line comprises a plurality of combining line segments, and each combining line segment is not parallel to the line connecting the center points of any two adjacent radiating arrays.

[0022] In the above scheme, the line connecting the center points of any two adjacent radiating arrays is not parallel to any combining line segment, so that the current direction of any combining line segment is not consistent with the direction of the induced current of the radiating array, thereby reducing the mutual coupling between the radiating array and the feeding unit, and improving the circular polarization characteristics of the array antenna.

[0023] Optionally, the impedances of any two adjacent combining line segments in each combining line are different, and the plurality of combining line segments comprise a connecting line segment, the connecting line segment is connected with the lead line, and the impedance of the connecting line segment is different from the impedance of the lead line.

[0024] In the above scheme, the impedances of any two adjacent combining line segments in each combining line are different, and the impedances of the combining line and the load are close through different impedance transformations, so as to reduce the amplitude of the reflected wave, and further reduce the standing wave ratio.

[0025] Optionally, the plurality of the combining lines comprises a first combining line, a second combining line, a third combining line and a fourth combining line, the first combining line is connected with the lead corresponding to the first radiating element, the second combining line is connected with the lead corresponding to the second radiating element, the third combining line is connected with the lead corresponding to the third radiating element, and the fourth combining line is connected with the lead corresponding to the fourth radiating element; wherein the length of the first combining line is less than the length of the second combining line, the length of the first combining line and the length of the second combining line differ by λ / 4, the length of the second combining line is less than the length of the third combining line, the length of the second combining line and the length of the third combining line differ by λ / 4, the length of the third combining line is less than the length of the fourth combining line, and the length of the third combining line and the length of the fourth combining line differ by λ / 4.

[0026] In the above scheme, the length of the first combining line is less than the length of the second combining line, the length of the first combining line and the length of the second combining line differ by λ / 4, so that the first radiating element and the second radiating element have a phase difference of 90°; the length of the second combining line is less than the length of the third combining line, the length of the second combining line and the length of the third combining line differ by λ / 4, so that the second radiating element and the third radiating element have a phase difference of 90°; the length of the third combining line is less than the length of the fourth combining line, and the length of the third combining line and the length of the fourth combining line differ by λ / 4, so that the third radiating element and the fourth radiating element have a phase difference of 90°, thereby making the array antenna signal after combining have good circular polarization characteristics.

[0027] Optionally, the array antenna further comprises a metal reflection layer, and the metal reflection layer is arranged on the second side surface.

[0028] In the above scheme, the metal reflection layer arranged on the second side surface of the substrate can reduce the interference of the side where the second side surface is located on the array antenna, thereby improving the antenna gain of the side where the first side surface is located. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or prior art of the present application, the drawings needed in the specific embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creating any creative labor.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the array antenna of the present application.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the array antenna of the present application.

[0032] REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0033] 1: substrate; 11: first side surface;

[0034] 2: radiation array; 21: first radiation array; 22: second radiation array; 23: third radiation array; 24: fourth radiation array;

[0035] 3: directing array; 31: dielectric plate; 32: metal layer;

[0036] 4: feeding unit; 41: lead-out end; 42: lead wire; 421: first end; 422: second end; 43: combining line; 431: combining line segment; 432: first combining line; 433: second combining line; 434: third combining line; 435: fourth combining line; 44: connecting point; 45: first line; 46: second line;

[0037] 5: non-metallic support column;

[0038] 6: metal reflecting layer;

[0039] 7: housing;

[0040] A: thickness direction of the substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs; the terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present application and the above description of drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the present application and the above description of drawings are used to distinguish different objects, and are not intended to describe a particular order or primary and secondary relationship.

[0043] Reference to an“embodiment” in this application means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily mutually exclusive of one another. It is expressly understood that that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with each other in their various permutations and combinations.

[0044] In the description of the application, it should be explained that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms“mounting”,“connecting”,“connecting”,“attaching” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected, it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] The term“and / or” in this application is only to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character“ / ” in this application generally represents that the front and rear associated objects have an“or” relationship.

[0046] “Multiple” appearing in this application refers to more than two (including two), and similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0047] At present, when satellite communication, radar system and 5G base station work, they often face the problem of high standing wave ratio and insufficient gain. Although the number of radiation units or complex feed networks can be increased to expand the bandwidth, the structure is complex, the cost is high, and it is difficult to achieve stable circular polarization characteristics in a wide frequency band. Therefore, an array antenna with simple structure, controllable cost, and stable circular polarization characteristics is needed, which can expand the working bandwidth.

[0048] In view of this, with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The embodiment of the application provides an array antenna, which comprises a substrate 1, a radiation unit, a plurality of guide array elements 3 and a feed unit 4. Along the thickness direction of the substrate 1, the substrate 1 has a first side surface 11 and a second side surface 11 oppositely arranged. The radiation unit is arranged on the first side surface 11, and the radiation unit comprises a plurality of radiation array elements 2 arranged at intervals. Each guide array element 3 is connected with a corresponding radiation array element 2. The feed unit 4 is arranged on the first side surface 11, and the feed unit 4 is connected with the plurality of radiation array elements 2. The feed unit 4 is used for synthesizing the signals of the radiation array elements 2 and outputting through the lead-out end 41.

[0049] The array antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application is electrically connected with the feeding unit 4, the feeding unit 4 synthesizes the signals of each radiation array 2 and outputs the signals through the lead-out end 41, and the equal-amplitude distribution of the signals and the good circular polarization characteristics are realized. The radiation array 2 is connected with the directing array 3, the directing array 3 is located on the side of the radiation array 2 away from the first side 11, the radiation frequency of the radiation array 2 and the radiation frequency of the directing array 3 are superimposed, the synthesized field strength can be enhanced, the radiation performance of the array at the low frequency band is improved, and thus the working bandwidth of the array antenna is expanded. The structure is compact, the structure of the array antenna is simplified, the cost is reduced, and high gain can be realized by directly connecting the directing array 3 with the radiation array 2.

[0050] The feeding unit 4 is an integrated design of a power divider and a phase shifter, the power divider adopts a Wilkinson structure to ensure the equal-amplitude distribution of the signals, and the phase shifter ensures that the synthesized signals have stable circular polarization characteristics. The substrate can be a circuit board.

[0051] In a specific embodiment, the radiation array 2 and the directing array 3 are electrically connected through the feeding needle, the radiation frequency of the radiation array 2 and the radiation frequency of the directing array 3 are superimposed through the direct electrical action of the feeding needle, and thus the working bandwidth of the array antenna is expanded.

[0052] Optionally, referring to Figure 1 , along the thickness direction of the directing array 3, the directing array 3 includes the dielectric plate 31 and the metal layer 32 connected in sequence, and the radiation array 2 is connected with the dielectric plate 31. The metal layer 32 on the dielectric plate 31 serves as a radiation surface to receive or transmit signals. The directing array 3 adopts the dielectric plate 31 with a dielectric constant, which can reduce the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, thereby reducing the size of the directing array 3 and further reducing the overall size of the array antenna.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 31 is 2.65.

[0054] Specifically, the dielectric constant of the substrate 1 is 2.65, the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 31 is 2.65, the length and width of the radiation array are half of the wavelength of the 3.7 GHz frequency band, and the length and width of the metal layer of the directing array are equal to half of the wavelength of the 3 GHz frequency band, that is, the length and width of the radiation array are equal to half of the wavelength corresponding to the upper limit of the working frequency band of the array antenna, and the length and width of the metal layer of the directing array are equal to half of the wavelength corresponding to the lower limit of the working frequency band of the array antenna.

[0055] The sizes of the radiation array 2 and the directing array 3 are different, the radiation frequency of the radiation array 2 and the radiation frequency of the directing array 3 are different, and thus the working bandwidth of the array antenna is expanded, and the bandwidth of the array antenna covers 3 GHz to 3.7 GHz.

[0056] Optionally, referring to Figure 1 Each radiation array 2 is connected with the corresponding directing array 3 through a non-metal support column 5. The connection between the radiation array 2 and the directing array 3 through the non-metal support column 5 is simple in structure and has good consistency in the connection between each radiation array 2 and the corresponding directing array 3.

[0057] Optionally, the spacing between each radiation array 2 and the corresponding directing array 3 is λ / 10, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency.

[0058] The electromagnetic field generated by the radiation array 2 and the electromagnetic field of the directing array 3 are directly affected by the feed needle between each radiation array 2 and the corresponding directing array 3, thereby enhancing the interaction between the electromagnetic fields and enhancing the overall radiation effect at low frequencies, thereby enhancing the low-frequency response; the bandwidth of the array antenna covers 3GHz to 3.7GHz; the interaction between the directing array 3 and the main radiation array 2 enables the input impedance of the array antenna to better match the impedance of the feed line unit, reducing signal reflection, thereby effectively reducing the standing wave ratio, so that the in-band standing wave ratio is less than 2.0.

[0059] If the spacing between each radiation array 2 and the corresponding directing array 3 is too small, the coupling between the radiation array 2 and the corresponding directing array 3 is too strong, causing the direction of the array antenna to be distorted, and even increasing interference or loss; if the spacing between each radiation array 2 and the corresponding directing array 3 is too large, the coupling between the radiation array 2 and the corresponding directing array 3 is too weak, and the directing array 3 has little effect on the radiation array 2, and cannot effectively expand the bandwidth.

[0060] Optionally, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The number of the plurality of radiation arrays 2 is four, and the four radiation arrays 2 are equally spaced on the same circle.

[0061] Each radiation array 2 is arranged as a square, and the four radiation arrays 2 are arranged as main radiation units on the first side 11 of the substrate 1, and the four radiation arrays 2 are equally spaced on a circle. That is, the four radiation arrays 2 are arranged in a 2*2 array, and the spacing between any two adjacent radiation arrays 2 is equal, thereby improving the radiation characteristics of the radiation unit with high gain and low sidelobe.

[0062] In other words, the four radiation arrays 2 are equally spaced on the same circle, and the plurality of radiation arrays 2 work cooperatively to realize in-phase superposition of electromagnetic fields in space, thereby improving the gain of the antenna; the energy can be concentrated in a specific direction for radiation, thereby enhancing the strength of the signal in that direction and reducing the dispersion of energy.

[0063] Optionally, the spacing between the two adjacent radiation arrays 2 is λ, where λ is the wavelength of the center frequency.

[0064] When the interval between two adjacent radiation arrays 2 is λ, the phase difference of electromagnetic field between different radiation arrays 2 is exactly 360°, which can make the coupling effect between adjacent radiation arrays 2 offset each other to some extent, thereby reducing the coupling effect between radiation arrays 2.

[0065] It should be understood that the interval between two adjacent radiation arrays 2 is the interval between the centers of the two radiation arrays 2.

[0066] Optionally, referring to Figure 2 , the plurality of radiation arrays 2 includes a first radiation array 21, a second radiation array 22, a third radiation array 23, and a fourth radiation array 24, and the feeding unit 4 synthesizes the signals output by the first radiation array 21, the second radiation array 22, the third radiation array 23, and the fourth radiation array 24 with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 90°.

[0067] The power divider of the feeding unit 4 equally distributes signals to the first radiation array 21, the second radiation array 22, the third radiation array 23, and the fourth radiation array 24, and the phase shifter synthesizes the phase differences of the first radiation array 21, the second radiation array 22, the third radiation array 23, and the fourth radiation array 24, so that the first radiation array 21 and the second radiation array 22 have a phase difference of 90°, the second radiation array 22 and the third radiation array 23 have a phase difference of 90°, and the third radiation array 23 and the fourth radiation array 24 have a phase difference of 90°, thereby making the array antenna signal after combining have good circular polarization characteristics.

[0068] Optionally, referring to Figure 2 , the feeding unit 4 includes a plurality of lead lines 42 and a plurality of combining lines 43, one end of each combining line 43 is connected with a corresponding lead line 42, and the other end is connected with the lead-out end 41, the connection between the lead line 42 and the combining line 43 forms a connection point 44; along the length direction of the lead line 42, the lead line 42 includes a first end 421 and a second end 422, both the first end 421 and the second end 422 are connected with a corresponding radiation array 2, and the difference between the interval between the connection point 44 and the first end 421 and the interval between the connection point 44 and the second end 422 is λ / 4. The difference between the distance of the signal of each radiation array 2 from the first end 421 to the connection point 44 and the distance of the signal of each radiation array 2 from the second end 422 to the connection point 44 is λ / 4, thereby realizing the circular polarization characteristics of a single radiation array 2.

[0069] Specifically, each radiating element 2 has a first point and a second point, the first point is connected with the first end 421, and the second point is connected with the second end 422, the difference between the distance between the first end 421 and the connection point 44 and the distance between the second end 422 and the connection point 44 is λ / 4, that is, the difference between the distance from the first point of each radiating element 2 to the connection point 44 and the distance from the second point of each radiating element 2 to the connection point 44 is λ / 4, so as to realize the circular polarization characteristics of a single radiating element 2.

[0070] In one embodiment, a first line 45 is connected between the first point and the first end 421, and a second line 46 is connected between the second point and the second end 422, and the lengths of the first line 45 and the second line 46 are the same.

[0071] It should be understood that the distance between the connection point 44 and the first end 421 is the distance traveled by the signal of the radiating electron from the first end 421 to the connection point 44, and the distance between the connection point 44 and the second end 422 is the distance traveled by the signal of the radiating electron from the second end 422 to the connection point 44. The lead wire 42 can be arc-shaped or straight, which can be determined according to the specific use.

[0072] Each radiating element 2 has a first point and a second point, the first point of each radiating element 2 is connected with the first end 421 of the corresponding lead wire 42 through the first line 45, and the second point of each radiating element 2 is connected with the second end 422 of the corresponding lead wire 42 through the second line 46, and the lead wire 42 connected with each radiating element 2 is the same, so that the amplitude consistency error of each radiating element 2 is less than or equal to 0.5dB.

[0073] Optionally, with reference to Figure 2 Each combining line 43 includes a plurality of combining line segments 431, and each combining line segment 431 is not parallel to the line connecting the center points of any two adjacent radiating elements 2.

[0074] The line connecting the center points of any two adjacent radiating elements 2 is not parallel to any combining line segment 431, so that the current direction of any combining line segment 431 is not consistent with the direction of the induced current of the radiating element 2, thereby reducing the mutual coupling between the radiating element 2 and the feeding unit 4, and improving the circular polarization characteristics of the array antenna.

[0075] In one embodiment, the two adjacent combining line segments 431 of any combining line 43 are also not parallel. In another embodiment, the combining line segments 431 of any combining line 43 are also not parallel to each other.

[0076] In an alternative embodiment, the feed unit 4 is arranged in the middle region of the first side 11 of the substrate 1, that is, the array of four radiation arrays 2 forms a circle, and the feed unit 4 is arranged in the circle, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna.

[0077] Optionally, the impedance of the adjacent two combined line segments 431 in each combined line 43 is different, and the plurality of combined line segments 431 include a connecting line segment connected with the lead line 42, and the impedance of the connecting line segment is different from the impedance of the lead line 42. Figure 2

[0078] The impedance of the adjacent two combined line segments 431 in each combined line 43 is different, and the impedance of the combined line 43 is close to the impedance of the load through different impedance transformation, thereby reducing the amplitude of the reflected wave and further reducing the standing wave ratio.

[0079] Since the width of the microstrip line is an important factor affecting the impedance, the width of the combined line segment 431 is changed to adjust the impedance of the line. In a specific embodiment, the dielectric constant of the substrate 1 is 2.65, and the width of one of the adjacent two combined line segments 431 is wider, and the width of the other combined line segment 431 is narrower, for example, the width of the wider combined line segment 431 is 3 mm, and the impedance is 50 ohms, and the width of the thinner combined line segment 431 is 1.5 mm, and the impedance is 100 ohms.

[0080] Specifically, the impedance of the microstrip line of each combined line segment 431 between the first line 45, the first end 421 and the connecting point 44, and the connecting point 44 and the lead-out end 41 of each radiation array 2 is alternately changed; the impedance of the microstrip line of each combined line segment 431 between the second line 46, the first end 421 and the connecting point 44, and the connecting point 44 and the lead-out end 41 of each radiation array 2 is alternately changed.

[0081] Optionally, the impedance of the adjacent two combined line segments 431 in each combined line 43 is different, and the plurality of combined line segments 431 include a connecting line segment connected with the lead line 42, and the impedance of the connecting line segment is different from the impedance of the lead line 42. Figure 2 ​The plurality of combining lines 43 includes a first combining line 432, a second combining line 433, a third combining line 434, and a fourth combining line 435. The first combining line 432 is connected to the lead 42 corresponding to the first radiating element 21, the second combining line 433 is connected to the lead 42 corresponding to the second radiating element 22, the third combining line 434 is connected to the lead 42 corresponding to the third radiating element 23, and the fourth combining line 435 is connected to the lead 42 corresponding to the fourth radiating element 24. The length of the first combining line 432 is less than the length of the second combining line 433, and the length of the first combining line 432 and the length of the second combining line 433 differ by λ / 4. The length of the second combining line 433 is less than the length of the third combining line 434, and the length of the second combining line 433 and the length of the third combining line 434 differ by λ / 4. The length of the third combining line 434 is less than the length of the fourth combining line 435, and the length of the third combining line 434 and the length of the fourth combining line 435 differ by λ / 4.

[0082] The length of the first combining line 432 is less than the length of the second combining line 433, and the length of the first combining line 432 and the length of the second combining line 433 differ by λ / 4, so that the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 have a phase difference of 90°. The length of the second combining line 433 is less than the length of the third combining line 434, and the length of the second combining line 433 and the length of the third combining line 434 differ by λ / 4, so that the second radiating element 22 and the third radiating element 23 have a phase difference of 90°. The length of the third combining line 434 is less than the length of the fourth combining line 435, and the length of the third combining line 434 and the length of the fourth combining line 435 differ by λ / 4, so that the third radiating element 23 and the fourth radiating element 24 have a phase difference of 90°, so that the array antenna signal after combining has good circular polarization characteristics.

[0083] It should be understood that the first combining line 432, the second combining line 433, the third combining line 434, and the fourth combining line 435 can have a common combining line segment 431.

[0084] Optionally, with reference to Figure 1 The array antenna further includes a metal reflection layer 6 disposed on the second side. The metal reflection layer 6 disposed on the second side of the substrate 1 can reduce the interference of the side where the second side is located with the radiation of the array antenna, thereby improving the antenna gain of the side where the first side 11 is located.

[0085] In the present application, the array antenna further comprises a shell 7, the substrate 1 is fixedly connected with a side wall of the shell 7, and the radiation unit and the feed unit 4 and the director array 3 are located in an accommodating cavity defined by the shell 7. The metal layer 32 of the director array 3 and the radiation array 2 are different in size, the size of the metal layer 32 is greater than that of the radiation array 2, and the metal layer 32 and the radiation array 2 are different in radiation frequency, so as to expand the working bandwidth of the array antenna, realize high gain and reduce the size of the array antenna. By controlling the difference between the distance from the first end 421 to the connecting point 44 and the distance from the second end 422 to the connecting point 44 to be λ / 4, the signal output by the single radiation array 2 has a phase difference of 90°, so as to realize the circular polarization characteristics of the single radiation array 2. Each radiation array 2 is connected with the lead wire 42 through the first line 45 and the second line 46, so that the amplitude consistency error of each radiation array 2 is less than or equal to 0.5 dB.

[0086] The length of the first combining line 432 is less than that of the second combining line 433, and the length difference between the first combining line 432 and the second combining line 433 is λ / 4, so that the first radiation array 21 and the second radiation array 22 have a phase difference of 90°; the length of the second combining line 433 is less than that of the third combining line 434, and the length difference between the second combining line 433 and the third combining line 434 is λ / 4, so that the second radiation array 22 and the third radiation array 23 have a phase difference of 90°; the length of the third combining line 434 is less than that of the fourth combining line 435, and the length difference between the third combining line 434 and the fourth combining line 435 is λ / 4, so that the third radiation array 23 and the fourth radiation array 24 have a phase difference of 90°, so that the array antenna signal after combining has good circular polarization characteristics.

[0087] The line connecting any one combining line segment 431 and the center points of any two adjacent radiation arrays 2 is not parallel, so that the current direction of any one combining line segment 431 is inconsistent with the direction of the induced current of the radiation array 2, thereby reducing the mutual coupling between the radiation array 2 and the feed unit 4, and improving the circular polarization characteristics of the array antenna. As the “zigzag” layout of each combining line 43 of the feed unit, the line width of each combining line segment 431 and the length of the combining line 43 are designed to realize precise equal-amplitude feeding and 90-degree phase difference, and finally realize good circular polarization characteristics, and the antenna has very low axial ratio.

[0088] By controlling the microstrip line width of the adjacent two combining line segments 431 in each combining line 43, the impedance of each combining line segment 431 is controlled, and the impedance of the combining line 43 is close to the impedance of the load through different impedance transformations, so as to reduce the amplitude of the reflected wave, and further reduce the standing wave ratio.

[0089] It should also be noted that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising", or "includes" and / or "including" when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof. In the context of the specification, the term "and / or" means "and" or "or", and the term "or" means "and" or "or". In the context of the specification, the term "exemplary" means "example" or "an example of".

[0090] Each of the embodiments in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each of the embodiments focuses on the difference from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the part of the method embodiments.

[0091] The above only describes the embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

[0092] Although the embodiments of the present application are described in conjunction with the drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and such modifications and changes fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An array antenna, characterized by The application relates to a substrate, a radiation unit, a plurality of guide arrays, a feed unit, and a plurality of radiation arrays. The substrate has a first side and a second side arranged oppositely along the thickness direction of the substrate. The radiation unit is arranged on the first side and includes a plurality of radiation arrays arranged at intervals. Each of the guide arrays is connected to a corresponding radiation array. The feed unit is arranged on the first side and connected to the plurality of radiation arrays.

2. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein, The guide array includes a dielectric plate and a metal layer connected in sequence along the thickness direction of the guide array, and the radiation array is connected to the dielectric plate.

3. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein, Each of the radiation arrays is connected to the corresponding guide array through a non-metal support column.

4. The array antenna of claim 3, wherein, The distance between each of the radiation arrays and the corresponding guide array is lambda / 10, where lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency.

5. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein, The number of the plurality of radiation arrays is four, and the four radiation arrays are distributed at equal intervals on the same circle.

6. The array antenna of claim 5, wherein, The distance between two adjacent radiation arrays is lambda, where lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency.

7. The array antenna of claim 5, wherein, The plurality of radiation arrays includes a first radiation array, a second radiation array, a third radiation array, and a fourth radiation array.

8. The array antenna of claim 7, wherein, The feed unit synthesizes the signals output by the first radiation array, the second radiation array, the third radiation array, and the fourth radiation array at equal amplitudes and with a phase difference of 90 degrees. The feed unit includes a plurality of lead lines and a plurality of combining lines.

9. The array antenna of claim 8, wherein, Each of the combining lines is connected to a corresponding lead line at one end and connected to the lead-out end at the other end.

10. The array antenna of claim 9, wherein, The connection between the lead line and the combining line forms a connection point.

11. The array antenna of claim 8, wherein, The difference between the distance between the connection point and the first end and the distance between the connection point and the second end is lambda / 4. Each of the combining lines includes a plurality of combining line segments. The impedance of two adjacent combining line segments in each of the combining lines is different. The plurality of combining line segments includes a connecting line segment connected to the lead line. The impedance of the connecting line segment is different from the impedance of the lead line. The plurality of combining lines includes a first combining line, a second combining line, a third combining line, and a fourth combining line. The first combining line is connected to the lead line corresponding to the first radiation array. The second combining line is connected to the lead line corresponding to the second radiation array. The third combining line is connected to the lead line corresponding to the third radiation array. The fourth combining line is connected to the lead line corresponding to the fourth radiation array. The length of the first combined path is less than the length of the second combined path, the length of the first combined path and the length of the second combined path differ by λ / 4, the length of the second combined path is less than the length of the third combined path, the length of the second combined path and the length of the third combined path differ by λ / 4, the length of the third combined path is less than the length of the fourth combined path, and the length of the third combined path and the length of the fourth combined path differ by λ / 4.

12. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein, A metal reflective layer is further included, and the metal reflective layer is arranged on the second side.

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