Gear speed change spindle box structure for machining center

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and discloses a gear change spindle box structure for a machining center, which comprises a box body, a spindle, an input shaft and a motor connected with the input shaft, a transmission shaft is arranged between the input shaft and the spindle in the box body, and a first gear and a second gear are arranged on the transmission shaft. A third gear and a fourth gear are arranged on the main shaft, and an adjusting assembly is arranged on the box body; in the first state, the first gear is meshed with the third gear, and the second gear is separated from the fourth gear; in the second state, the first gear is separated from the third gear, and the second gear is meshed with the fourth gear; in two gear pairs formed by the first gear and the third gear and the second gear and the fourth gear, one gear pair is configured to be an acceleration gear pair, and the other gear pair is configured to be a reduction gear pair. The utility model has the beneficial effects that the rotating speed of the main shaft can be freely switched and the power transmission is stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and in particular to a gear-driven spindle box structure for machining centers. Background Technology

[0002] The spindle box is a crucial component of a machine tool, and its performance directly affects the machining quality. Common spindle boxes transmit power internally through multi-stage gears, and the reduction ratio between the output ends is fixed and cannot be adjusted. Different workpieces require different spindle speeds; some parts require high-speed spindle rotation, while others require low-speed spindle box rotation. Existing spindle boxes cannot freely switch between high and low speeds. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, this utility model provides a gear-driven spindle box structure for machining centers that allows for free switching of spindle speed and stable power transmission.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A gear-driven spindle box structure for a machining center includes a housing, a spindle, an input shaft, and a motor connected to the input shaft. A transmission shaft is located within the housing between the input shaft and the spindle. The input shaft and the transmission shaft are connected by gears. The transmission shaft has a first gear and a second gear, configured to rotate synchronously with the transmission shaft and slide axially. The spindle has a third gear and a fourth gear. The housing has an adjustment assembly that drives the first and second gears to slide synchronously on the transmission shaft. In a first state, the first and third gears are engaged, and the second and fourth gears are disengaged. In a second state, the first and third gears are disengaged, and the second and fourth gears are engaged. Of the two gear pairs formed by the first and third gears and the second and fourth gears, one gear pair is configured as an acceleration gear pair, and the other gear pair is configured as a reduction gear pair.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution: by adjusting the components to drive the first gear and the second gear to move axially on the transmission shaft, thereby rotating the first gear to mesh with the third gear, or the second gear to mesh with the fourth gear, so as to adjust the speed of the main shaft.

[0007] Preferably, the drive shaft is configured as a splined shaft, and the end face of the second gear is provided with a sliding sleeve that is sleeved on the splined shaft. The inner wall of the sliding sleeve is provided with an internal spline that is slidably connected to the splined shaft, and the first gear is sleeved on the sliding sleeve. The second gear slides on the splined shaft through the internal spline, ensuring stable power transmission, and the first gear sleeved on the sliding sleeve slides and rotates synchronously with the sliding sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the adjusting assembly includes a connecting seat and a power source for driving the connecting seat to move up and down axially along the transmission shaft; the connecting seat is provided with a rotating component sleeved on the outside of the sliding sleeve, the rotating component being axially limited and circumferentially rotating relative to the sliding sleeve. By driving the connecting seat to move axially along the transmission shaft with the power source, the first gear and the second gear of the sliding sleeve are driven to slide synchronously on the transmission shaft, thereby realizing the switching between the first state and the second state.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating component is configured as a bearing, and the sliding sleeve has an upper washer and a lower washer at both ends of the bearing, respectively. A retaining ring is provided at the upper end of the sliding sleeve. The lower end of the lower washer abuts against the end face of the first gear, and the upper end of the lower washer abuts against the bearing. The lower end of the upper washer abuts against the bearing, and the upper end of the upper washer is limited by the retaining ring. The first gear and the sliding sleeve are connected by a key. The upper washer, lower washer, and retaining ring completely limit the axes of the first gear, the second gear, and the sliding sleeve, ensuring no relative axial movement between them and maintaining a stable tooth surface distance between the first and second gears.

[0010] Preferably, the end of the connecting seat is provided with an arc-shaped groove, the lower end of the arc-shaped groove is provided with a limiting baffle, the rotating component is inserted into the arc-shaped groove, and the upper end of the arc-shaped groove is provided with an arc-shaped limiting piece for limiting the upper end of the rotating component. The arc-shaped limiting piece is bolted to the connecting seat. The rotating component is positioned by the arc-shaped groove, the limiting baffle, and the arc-shaped limiting piece, making overall installation and disassembly very convenient.

[0011] Preferably, the power configuration is any one of electric cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, or hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the third and fourth gears are keyed to the main shaft, with the end face of the fourth gear abutting against the stepped surface on the main shaft. An extension sleeve is provided on one end of the third gear facing the fourth gear, abutting against the end face of the fourth gear. A limiting washer is provided on the other end of the main shaft at the third gear, abutting against the third gear. The extension sleeve on the third gear abuts against the fourth gear to limit the distance between the third and fourth gears, and then the axial positioning of the third and fourth gears is limited by the fiber washer.

[0013] Preferably, the speed ratio between the first gear and the third gear is configured to be 0.25-0.5, and the speed ratio between the second gear and the fourth gear is configured to be 2-4.

[0014] Therefore, this invention has the advantages of freely switching spindle speed and stable power transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the present utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view.

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view at point AA.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box.

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Another perspective view.

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial exploded view.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the meshing state of the first and third gears.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the meshing state of the second and fourth gears.

[0023] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the drive shaft, first gear, second gear, and adjustment assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the technical problem to be solved, the technical solution, and the beneficial technical effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0025] It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used herein are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, nor should they be construed as implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Features specified as "first" or "second" may expressly or implicitly indicate that at least one of those features is included.

[0026] like Figures 1-9The diagram shows a gear-driven spindle box structure for a machining center, comprising a housing 10, a spindle 11, an input shaft 12, and a motor 13 connected to the input shaft 12. A transmission shaft 14 is located within the housing 10 between the input shaft 12 and the spindle 11. The input shaft 12 and the transmission shaft 14 are connected by gears. The transmission shaft 14 is characterized by having a first gear 21 and a second gear 22, which are configured to rotate synchronously with the transmission shaft 14 and slide axially. The spindle 11 is equipped with a third gear 31 and a fourth gear 32. The 10 is provided with an adjustment component 4 that drives the first gear 21 and the second gear 22 to slide synchronously on the transmission shaft 14; in the first state, the first gear 21 is engaged with the third gear 31, and the second gear 22 is disengaged from the fourth gear 32; in the second state, the first gear 21 is disengaged from the third gear 31, and the second gear 22 is engaged with the fourth gear 32; of the two sets of gear pairs formed by the first gear 21 and the third gear 31, and the second gear 22 and the fourth gear 32, one set of gear pairs is configured as an acceleration gear pair, and the other set of gear pairs is configured as a reduction gear pair.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first gear 21 and the third gear 31 form an accelerating gear pair, wherein the speed ratio between the first gear 21 and the third gear 31 is configured to be 0.25-0.5; the second gear 22 and the fourth gear 32 form a reducing gear pair, wherein the speed ratio between the second gear 22 and the fourth gear 32 is configured to be 2-4. In this embodiment, the speed ratio between the first gear 21 and the third gear 31 is configured to be 0.5, and in the first state, the speed of the main shaft is twice the speed of the drive shaft; the speed ratio between the second gear 22 and the fourth gear 32 is configured to be 4, and in the second state, the speed of the main shaft is reduced to one-quarter of that of the drive shaft.

[0028] The drive shaft 14 is configured as a splined shaft 140. The end face of the second gear 22 is provided with a sliding sleeve 220 sleeved on the splined shaft 140. The inner wall of the sliding sleeve 220 is provided with an inner spline 221 that is slidably connected to the splined shaft 140. The first gear 21 is sleeved on the sliding sleeve 220. The adjusting assembly 4 includes a connecting seat 40 and a power source 41 that drives the connecting seat 40 to move up and down along the axial direction of the drive shaft 14. The connecting seat 40 is provided with a rotating member 42 sleeved on the outside of the sliding sleeve 220. The rotating member 42 is axially limited and rotates relative to the sliding sleeve 220. The rotating component 42 is configured as a bearing. The upper washer 43 and the lower washer 44 are respectively provided at both ends of the bearing on the sliding sleeve 220. The upper end of the sliding sleeve 220 is provided with a retaining ring 45. The lower end of the lower washer 44 abuts against the end face of the first gear 21, and the upper end of the lower washer 44 abuts against the bearing. The lower end of the upper washer 43 abuts against the bearing, and the upper end of the upper washer 43 is limited by the retaining ring 45. The first gear 21 and the sliding sleeve 220 are connected by a key.

[0029] like Figure 9As shown, the end of the connecting seat 40 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 400, and the lower end of the arc-shaped groove 400 is provided with a limiting stop 401. The rotating member 42 is inserted into the arc-shaped groove 400, and the upper end of the arc-shaped groove 400 is provided with an arc-shaped limiting piece 402 for limiting the upper end of the rotating member 42. The arc-shaped limiting piece 402 is bolted to the connecting seat 40. In some embodiments, the power 41 is configured as any one of an electric cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, and a hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the power 41 is configured as a pneumatic cylinder.

[0030] The third gear 31 and the fourth gear 32 are keyed to the main shaft 11. The end face of the fourth gear 32 abuts against the stepped surface on the main shaft 11. The end of the third gear 31 facing the fourth gear 32 is provided with an extension sleeve 310 that abuts against the end face of the fourth gear 32. The other end of the main shaft 11 located at the third gear 31 is provided with a limiting washer 311 that abuts against the third gear 31.

[0031] Referring to the accompanying drawings, the principle of this utility model is as follows: Figure 7 In the first state shown, the first gear meshes with the third gear. At this time, the spindle speed is greater than the transmission shaft speed, thus accelerating the spindle; the power drives the connecting seat to descend to... Figure 8 In the second state shown, the second gear meshes with the fourth gear, and the spindle speed is less than the transmission shaft speed. The spindle speed can be adjusted according to actual needs via an adjustment mechanism to meet different processing requirements. The adjustment is very convenient, and the overall structure and power transmission are also very stable.

[0032] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by up, down, left, right, inner end, outer end, one end, and the other end are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the purpose of more clearly describing the technical solution of this utility model, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0033] Although specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail herein, they are given for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Various substitutions, alterations, and modifications may be conceived without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gear shift spindle box structure for a machining center, comprising a box (10), a spindle (11), an input shaft (12), a motor (13) connected with the input shaft (12), a transmission shaft (14) being arranged between the input shaft (12) and the spindle (11) in the box (10), and the input shaft (12) and the transmission shaft (14) being in gear transmission, characterized in that, The transmission shaft (14) is provided with a first gear (21) and a second gear (22), the first gear (21) and the second gear (22) are configured to rotate synchronously with the transmission shaft (14) and are axially slidable, the main shaft (11) is provided with a third gear (31) and a fourth gear (32), and the box body (10) is provided with an adjusting assembly (4) for driving the first gear (21) and the second gear (22) to slide synchronously on the transmission shaft (14). In the first state, the first gear (21) is engaged with the third gear (31), and the second gear (22) is separated from the fourth gear (32); in the second state, the first gear (21) is separated from the third gear (31), and the second gear (22) is engaged with the fourth gear (32). The first gear (21) and the third gear (31) and the second gear (22) and the fourth gear (32) form two gear pairs, one of which is configured as an acceleration gear pair, and the other is configured as a deceleration gear pair.

2. The gear shift spindle box structure for a machining center according to claim 1, wherein The transmission shaft (14) is configured as a spline shaft (140), the end surface of the second gear (22) is provided with a sliding sleeve (220) sleeved on the spline shaft (140), the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (220) is provided with an internal spline (221) in sliding connection with the spline shaft (140), and the first gear (21) is sleeved on the sliding sleeve (220).

3. The gear shift spindle box structure for a machining center according to claim 2, wherein The adjusting assembly (4) comprises a power source (41) for driving the connecting seat (40) to ascend and descend along the axial direction of the transmission shaft (14); the connecting seat (40) is provided with a rotating member (42) sleeved on the outer side of the sliding sleeve (220), and the rotating member (42) is axially limited and circumferentially rotatable relative to the sliding sleeve (220).

4. The gear shift spindle box structure for a machining center according to claim 3, wherein The rotating member (42) is configured as a bearing, and the sliding sleeve (220) is provided with an upper gasket (43) and a lower gasket (44) at both ends of the bearing respectively, and the upper end of the sliding sleeve (220) is provided with a snap ring (45); The lower end of the lower gasket (44) abuts against the end surface of the first gear (21), the upper end of the lower gasket (44) abuts against the bearing, the lower end of the upper gasket (43) abuts against the bearing, and the upper end of the upper gasket (43) is limited by the snap ring (45); the first gear (21) and the sliding sleeve (220) are connected by a key.

5. The gear shift spindle box structure for a machining center according to claim 3 or 4, wherein The end of the connecting seat (40) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (400), the lower end of the arc-shaped groove (400) is provided with a limiting rib (401), the rotating member (42) is clamped into the arc-shaped groove (400), the upper end of the arc-shaped groove (400) is provided with an arc-shaped limiting piece (402) for limiting the upper end of the rotating member (42), and the arc-shaped limiting piece (402) is bolted to the connecting seat (40).

6. The gear shift spindle box structure for a machining center according to claim 3, wherein The power source (41) is configured as any one of an electric cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder and an oil cylinder.

7. The gear shift spindle box structure for a machining center according to claim 1, wherein The third gear (31) and the fourth gear (32) are connected with the main shaft (11) by a key, the end face of the fourth gear (32) is in abutment with the stepped surface on the main shaft (11), and one end of the third gear (31) towards the fourth gear (32) is provided with an extension sleeve (310) in abutment with the end face of the fourth gear (32), and the other end of the third gear (31) is provided with a limiting washer (311) in abutment with the third gear (31) on the main shaft (11).

8. The gear shift spindle box structure for a machining center according to claim 1, wherein The rotation speed ratio of the first gear (21) and the third gear (31) is configured to be 0.25-0.5, and the rotation speed ratio of the second gear (22) and the fourth gear (32) is configured to be 2-4.

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