Antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of communication. The antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a reference electrode and a radiation electrode, wherein the reference electrode and the radiation electrode are arranged on the dielectric substrate; the reference electrode is provided with a first opening penetrating in the thickness direction of the reference electrode; the radiation electrode comprises a first oscillator and a second oscillator, and the first oscillator and the second oscillator are of an asymmetric structure. The first oscillator comprises a first branch knot and a second branch knot which extend in different directions; the second oscillator comprises a third branch knot and a fourth branch knot which extend in different directions; wherein one end of the first branch knot is connected with one end of the second branch knot, and the other end of the first branch knot extends into the first opening; one end of the third branch knot is connected with the fourth branch knot, and the other end of the third branch knot is connected with the reference electrode.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to an antenna and an electronic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of 5G technology, new applications such as automatic driving, Internet of Vehicles, intelligent charging piles and smart parking lots have emerged, and the demand for signal coverage in underground parking lots has shown explosive growth. Since the underground parking lot is underground, the signal of the external base station is difficult to enter to realize signal coverage. The underground parking lot also has the characteristics of open internal space, more load-bearing walls, and partition in some areas. Usually, a logarithmic periodic antenna is installed outdoors, the signal is introduced into the basement through an optical fiber or a cable, and then a room distribution antenna is installed in the underground parking lot to realize signal coverage, which has the advantages of flexible layout, wide coverage range and relatively simple maintenance. The current room distribution antenna mainly has two forms. One is an omnidirectional ceiling antenna, such as a tortoise shell omnidirectional antenna, a nipple-shaped omnidirectional antenna and a single / double cone omnidirectional antenna. However, the gain of the omnidirectional antenna is relatively low, the wall penetration capability is relatively weak, and the omnidirectional antenna is easily disturbed by multipath interference. The other is a directional wall-mounted antenna, such as a logarithmic periodic antenna, an eightwood antenna and a plate-shaped antenna. The directional antenna has strong directivity, concentrated signal coverage and strong anti-interference capability, but has the disadvantage of narrow bandwidth, and it is difficult to achieve ultra-wideband performance. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provide an antenna and an electronic device.

[0004] The present application provides an antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a reference electrode and a radiation electrode arranged on the dielectric substrate.

[0005] The reference electrode has a first opening penetrating in the thickness direction thereof;

[0006] The radiation electrode comprises a first oscillator and a second oscillator, and the two are asymmetric structures; the first oscillator comprises first and second branches with different extension directions; the second oscillator comprises third and fourth branches with different extension directions; wherein,

[0007] One end of the first branch is connected with one end of the second branch, and the other end of the first branch extends into the first opening; one end of the third branch is connected with the fourth branch, and the other end of the third branch is connected with the reference electrode.

[0008] The radiation electrode further comprises at least one director; the director is located on the side of the second branch and the fourth branch away from the first branch and the third branch.

[0009] The radiation electrode further comprises a first coupling part located at the second branch close to the director, and a second coupling part located at the fourth branch close to the director.

[0010] The first coupling part, the second coupling part, the second branch and the fourth branch all extend along a first direction.

[0011] The length of the first coupling part in the first direction is different from the length of the second coupling part in the first direction; and / or, the width of the first coupling part perpendicular to the first direction is different from the width of the second coupling part perpendicular to the first direction.

[0012] The number of the directors is multiple, and the multiple directors are arranged side by side in sequence in a direction away from the second branch and the fourth branch.

[0013] The distance between the first coupling part and the second coupling part is a first distance.

[0014] The distance between the adjacent directors is a second distance; the first distance is equal to the second distance.

[0015] The number of the directors is multiple, and the multiple directors are arranged side by side in sequence in a direction away from the second branch and the fourth branch; the directors, the second branch and the fourth branch all extend along a first direction.

[0016] The length of at least part of the directors in the first direction is different; and / or, the width of at least part of the directors perpendicular to the first direction is different.

[0017] The reference electrode comprises at least a first sub-reference electrode and a second sub-reference electrode defining the first opening; the first opening extends along a second direction.

[0018] The first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode are symmetrically arranged along a straight line extending through the center of the first opening and along the second direction.

[0019] The width of the first sub-reference electrode at least part of the positions along the second direction is different, and the width of the first sub-reference electrode relatively close to the second branch is not greater than the width of the first sub-reference electrode relatively away from the second branch.

[0020] The first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode comprise a first side edge and a second side edge arranged opposite along the second direction, and a third side edge and a fourth side edge connecting the first side edge and the second side edge.

[0021] The third side of the first sub-reference electrode and the third side of the second sub-reference electrode both extend along the second direction to define the first opening; the fourth side includes at least a first line segment; the distance from the first line segment to the third side monotonously decreases in a direction along the first side to the second side.

[0022] The first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode include a first side and a second side oppositely arranged along the second direction; and a third side and a fourth side connecting the first side and the second side;

[0023] The third side of the first sub-reference electrode and the third side of the second sub-reference electrode both extend along the second direction to define the first opening; the fourth side includes at least a first line segment; the first line segment includes at least two sub-line segments with different extension directions.

[0024] The antenna further includes a first auxiliary part arranged at the first sub-reference electrode close to the second branch, and a second auxiliary part arranged at the second sub-reference electrode close to the fourth branch;

[0025] The first auxiliary part is connected with the first sub-reference electrode, and the maximum width of the first auxiliary part is less than the minimum width of the first sub-reference electrode; the second auxiliary part is connected with the second sub-reference electrode, and the maximum width of the second auxiliary part is less than the minimum width of the second sub-reference electrode;

[0026] The distance between the first auxiliary part and the second auxiliary part is greater than the width of the first opening, and the connecting node of the third branch and the reference electrode is located between the first auxiliary part and the second auxiliary part.

[0027] The reference electrode further includes a connecting part connecting the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode, and the connecting part connects the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode to define the first opening.

[0028] The first vibrator further includes a fifth branch connected at at least one side of the extension direction of the second branch, and the extension direction of the fifth branch is different from the extension direction of the second branch; the second vibrator further includes a sixth branch connected at at least one side of the extension direction of the fourth branch, and the extension direction of the sixth branch is different from the extension direction of the fourth branch.

[0029] The fifth branch is two in number, and the two fifth branches are in opposite directions.

[0030] The radiation electrode and the reference electrode are arranged in the same layer.

[0031] The antenna further comprises a substrate layer arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the radiation electrode and the reference electrode are arranged on a side of the substrate layer away from the dielectric substrate, and the substrate layer is connected to the dielectric substrate through an adhesive layer.

[0032] The radiation electrode and the reference electrode each comprise a conductive mesh.

[0033] The antenna further comprises a feed configured to provide a radio frequency signal to the first branch.

[0034] The feed comprises a coaxial cable, and a core of the coaxial cable is connected to the first branch, and a reference ground of the coaxial cable is connected to the reference electrode.

[0035] The electronic device comprises the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a top view of the antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a front view of the antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 3 It is a top view of a transmission structure of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 4 It is a top view of another transmission structure of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 5 It is a top view of the antenna of the first example of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 6 It is a top view of the first / second sub-reference electrode in the first example of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 7 It is a S 11 curve diagram of the antenna of the first example of the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 8 It is a 3D directional diagram of the antenna of the first example of the embodiment of the present disclosure at 3.5 GHz.

[0044] Figure 9 Top view of an antenna for a second example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 10 S-parameters plot for an antenna for a second example embodiment of the present disclosure. 11 Graph.

[0046] Figure 11 3D pattern at 3.5 GHz for an antenna for a second example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] Figure 12 Top view of an antenna for a third example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 13 S-parameters plot for an antenna for a third example embodiment of the present disclosure. 11 Graph.

[0049] Figure 14 3D pattern at 2.6 GHz for an antenna for a third example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 15 3D pattern at 3.5 GHz for an antenna for a third example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] Figure 16 Top view of an antenna for a fourth example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] Figure 17 S-parameters plot for an antenna for a fourth example embodiment of the present disclosure. 11 Graph.

[0053] Figure 18 3D pattern at 3.5 GHz for an antenna for a fourth example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] Figure 19 Top view of an antenna for a fifth example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] Figure 20 Top view of a first / second sub-reference electrode for a fifth example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] Figure 21 Top view of an antenna for a sixth example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0057] Figure 22 Front view of an antenna for a seventh example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0058] Figure 23 Top view of a conductive mesh for an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] Figure 24S 11 The curve diagram.

[0060] Figure 25 The 3D pattern of the antenna of the seventh example of the embodiment of the present disclosure at 3.5 GHz. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0062] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure shall be understood as the general meaning understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, "one", "a" or "the" and similar words do not represent a quantity limitation, but represent the existence of at least one. "Include" or "contain" and similar words mean that the elements or objects before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connected" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to represent relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0063] In order to solve the problem that the directional antenna in the related art has a narrow bandwidth and it is difficult to achieve the super bandwidth performance, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a directional antenna which is particularly suitable for underground parking lots and has a super wide bandwidth and high gain. The antenna can cover part of the 4G and 5G room division communication frequency bands of three major operators. The antenna can achieve an operating bandwidth of 1.89-4.93 GHz, and the relative bandwidth reaches about 90%. The gain at the 5G room division frequency band of 2.6 GHz of China Mobile reaches 5.3dBi, and the gain at the room division shared frequency band of 3.5 GHz of China Unicom and China Telecom reaches 8.1dBi. The following will be described in detail in conjunction with the following embodiments.

[0064] Figure 1 The top view of the antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 The front view of the antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as Figure 1 and 2As shown, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a directional antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate 10, a reference electrode 2 and a radiation electrode arranged on the dielectric substrate 10, and the reference electrode 2 and the radiation electrode are located in the same first conductive layer 200. Wherein, the reference electrode 2 has a first opening 20 penetrating along the thickness direction thereof. The radiation electrode comprises a first vibrator 3 and a second vibrator 4, and the first vibrator 3 and the second vibrator 4 are asymmetric structures to each other, in which case, the first vibrator 3 and the second vibrator 4 constitute a dipole in an asymmetric form. Specifically, the first vibrator 3 and the second vibrator 4 both adopt open-circuit branches, and in the embodiment of the present disclosure, only the case that the first vibrator 3 and the second vibrator 4 both adopt L-shaped open-circuit branches is taken as an example. In this case, the first vibrator 3 comprises a first branch 31 and a second branch 32, and the second vibrator 4 comprises a third branch 41 and a fourth branch 42. Wherein, one end of the first branch 31 of the first vibrator 3 extends into the first opening 20, and the other end of the first branch 31 is connected to the second branch 32. One end of the third branch 41 of the second vibrator 4 is connected to the reference electrode 2, and the other end of the third branch 41 is connected to the fourth branch 42.

[0065] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the extension directions of the first branch 31 and the third branch 41 are the same, and the extension directions are the first direction X, and the extension directions of the second branch 32 and the fourth branch 42 are the same, and the extension directions are the second direction Y. Wherein, the second branch 32 and the fourth branch 42 both have oppositely arranged first ends and second ends, the first end of the second branch 32 is connected to the first branch 31, the first end of the fourth branch 42 is connected to the third branch 41, and the pointing direction from the first end to the second end of the second branch 32 is opposite to the pointing direction from the first end to the second end of the fourth branch 42.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first branch 31 of the first vibrator 3 extends into the first opening 20, at this time, the first branch 31 and the reference electrode 2 can constitute a coplanar waveguide transmission structure as a feeding structure. Since in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first vibrator 3 and the second vibrator 4 are configured as a dipole in an asymmetric form, as an excitation vibrator, a plurality of different current paths are achieved, and a resonance expansion bandwidth is formed at a plurality of resonance points.

[0067] In some examples, Figure 3 A top view of a transmission structure of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as Figure 3 As shown, the reference electrode 2 of the embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a first sub-reference electrode 21 and a second sub-reference electrode 22, and the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22 are arranged at intervals to define the first opening 20, the first branch 31 of the first vibrator 3 extends into the first opening 20, in which case, the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22, and the part of the first branch 31 located between the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22 constitute a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission structure.

[0068] In some examples, Figure 4 is a top view of another transmission structure of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as Figure 4 shown, the reference electrode 2 in the embodiment of the present disclosure can also be composed of a first sub-reference electrode 21 and a second sub-reference electrode 22, and a connecting portion 23 connecting the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22, at this time, the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22 are arranged at intervals, and the connecting portion 23 is connected between the two, defining a first opening 20, and the first branch 31 of the first vibrator 3 extends into the first opening 20, in this case, the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22, and the part of the first branch 31 located between the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22, constitute a GCPW transmission structure.

[0069] Regardless of the structure of the reference electrode 2 in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22 are symmetrically arranged with a straight line extending through the center of the first opening 20 and along the second direction Y as the axis of symmetry.

[0070] In some examples, along the second direction Y, the width of the first sub-reference electrode 21 at least partially varies, and the width of the first sub-reference electrode 21 relatively close to the second branch 32 is not greater than the width of the first sub-reference electrode 21 relatively far from the second branch 32. Similarly, along the second direction Y, the width of the second sub-reference electrode 22 at least partially varies, and the width of the second sub-reference electrode 22 relatively close to the second branch 32 is not greater than the width of the second sub-reference electrode 22 relatively far from the second branch 32. By arranging in this way, impedance matching is achieved.

[0071] Specifically, the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22 can each include a first side and a second side symmetrically arranged along the second direction Y, and a third side and a fourth side connecting the first side and the second side. The third side 213 of the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the third side 213 of the second sub-reference electrode 22 each extend along the second direction Y to define the first opening 20. The distance between the third side and the fourth side is not greater at a position relatively close to the second branch 32 than at a position relatively far from the second branch 32.

[0072] In order to more clearly illustrate the structure of the directional antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the following will be described in conjunction with specific examples. In the following examples, only the reference electrode 2 and the first branch 31 constitute a GCPW transmission structure, the first vibrator 3 and the second vibrator 4 both adopt an L-shaped open branch structure, and the two constitute an asymmetric form of a dipole.

[0073] First example: Figure 5 is a top view of the antenna of the first example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6Fig. 1 is a top view of the first sub-reference electrode 21 / second sub-reference electrode 22 in the first example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 The reference electrode 2 and the first and second dipoles 3, 4 in the antenna are arranged in the same layer. The first and second sub-reference electrodes 21, 22 of the reference electrode 2 each include a first side edge 211 and a second side edge 212 arranged opposite along the second direction Y, and a third side edge 213 and a fourth side edge 214 connecting the first side edge 211 and the second side plate. The first and second side edges 211, 212 each extend along the first direction X, and the third side edge 213 extends along the second direction Y. The third side edge 213 of the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the third side edge 213 of the second sub-reference electrode 22, and the connecting part define a first opening 20. The fourth side edge 214 of the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the fourth side edge 214 of the second sub-reference electrode 22 each include at least a first line segment 2141, the first line segment 2141 is directed from the first side edge 211 to the second side edge 212, and the distance from the first line segment 2141 to the third side edge 213 monotonically decreases. That is, the first line segment 2141 is a straight line extending in a single direction. Of course, the fourth side edge 214 not only includes the first line segment 2141, but also includes a second line segment connecting the first line segment 2141 and the first side edge 211. For example, the second line segment can extend along the second direction Y.

[0074] Continuing to refer to Figure 5 In this example, the second branch 32 of the first dipole 3 is farther away from the reference electrode 2 than the fourth branch 42 of the first dipole 3, and the extension directions of the two are opposite. The third branch 41 of the second dipole 4 is connected to the second sub-reference electrode 22, and it is of course also possible for the third branch 41 of the second dipole 4 to be connected to the first sub-reference electrode 21, which is only taken as an example in the embodiment of the present disclosure. The length of the second branch 32 and the fourth branch 42 along the first direction X, and the width along the second direction Y are not equal. Of course, the width of the first branch 31 of the first dipole 3 along the first direction X, and the width of the third branch 41 of the second dipole 4 along the first direction X can also be unequal. In this example, the first and second dipoles 3, 4 are configured into an asymmetric form of a dipole, and a plurality of different current paths are achieved as excitation dipoles, forming a resonance expansion bandwidth at a plurality of resonance points.

[0075] Figure 7 Fig. 4 is an S 11 curve diagram of the antenna in the first example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in Figure 7 Fig. 4, from the S 11 curve it can be seen that the antenna has a resonance expansion bandwidth of 1.91 GHz to 4.38 GHz in the frequency band 11All are less than-10dB, with an absolute bandwidth of 2.47GHz, a relative bandwidth of about 78.5%, with good super bandwidth performance, and the working frequency band covers 2GHz, 2.3GHz and 2.6GHz of the 4G frequency band, and also covers the 2.6GHz 5G room-division communication frequency band of China Mobile and the 3.5GHz working frequency band shared by China Unicom and China Telecom. From the S 11 The curve also shows that the antenna structure has three resonance points, which are 2.1GHz, 2.8GHz and 3.7GHz respectively. Figure 8 The 3D pattern of the antenna of the first example of the embodiment of the present disclosure at 3.5GHz is shown in FIG. 6. Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the antenna has good directivity at the frequency point of 3.5GHz, and the maximum gain is 5.3dBi.

[0076] The second example is as follows: Figure 9 The top view of the antenna of the second example of the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 7. Figure 9 As shown in FIG. 7, the structure of the example is basically the same as that of the first example, and the difference is that in the example, the second branch 32 of the first dipole 3 and the fourth branch 42 of the second dipole 4 are provided with a director 5 away from one side of the reference electrode 2. The distance between the director 5 and the second branch 32 of the first dipole 3 is one-quarter wavelength, and the length of the director 5 is adjusted according to the actual situation of simulation. The index affecting the radiation performance of the antenna is mainly the distance between the director 5 and the second branch 32 of the first dipole 3, and in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the distance is set to about one-quarter wavelength, which can ensure that the radiation of the director 5 and the radiation of the first dipole 3 and the second dipole 4 are enhanced in far-field superposition.

[0077] Figure 10 The S 11 curve of the antenna of the second example of the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 8. Figure 10 As shown in FIG. 8, the S 11 band less than-10dB is 1.90GHz-4.65GHz, and from Figure 10 it can be seen that after loading the director 5, the impedance bandwidth compared with the first example is basically unchanged at low frequency, and is expanded by about 270MHz at high frequency. Figure 11 The 3D pattern of the antenna of the second example of the embodiment of the present disclosure at 3.5GHz is shown in FIG. 9. Figure 11 As shown in FIG. 9, compared with the first example, the directivity of the antenna at the frequency point becomes better, and the maximum gain is 7.1dBi, which is increased by 1.8dBi compared with the maximum gain of the first example.

[0078] It should be noted that this example only uses director 5 as a single section. The number of director 5 sections can also be multiple, and these sections can be arranged side-by-side along the second direction Y. The spacing between the director 5 sections can be set to approximately one-quarter of the wavelength to enhance antenna radiation over long distances.

[0079] The third example: Figure 12 This is a top view of an antenna according to a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 12 As shown, the antenna in this example is largely the same as the second antenna structure, except that it includes not only a director 5, but also a first coupling portion 61 located on the side of the director 5 near the second branch 32 of the first element 3, and a second coupling portion 62 located on the side of the director 5 near the fourth branch 42 of the second element 4. The first coupling portion 61 can couple with the second branch 32, which can further optimize impedance matching; the second coupling portion 62 can couple with the fourth branch 42, which can also further optimize impedance matching. The first coupling portion 61 and the second coupling portion 62 have unequal lengths along the first direction X, and / or unequal widths along the second direction Y. In this embodiment, the example is taken where the first coupling portion 61 and the second coupling portion 62 have unequal lengths along the first direction X and unequal widths along the second direction Y. In this example, the antenna includes four director sections 5, arranged side-by-side along the second direction Y. The four directors 5 serve a guiding function, concentrating energy towards the front of the antenna to achieve a high gain effect.

[0080] In some examples, the distance between the first coupling part 61 and the second coupling part 62 and the nearest lead is the first distance; the distance between adjacent directors 5 is the second distance; the first distance and the second distance are equal or approximately equal, both around one-quarter of the wavelength. In this case, the radio frequency signals radiated by the first oscillator 3 and the second oscillator 4 are superimposed in phase at a distance, achieving the effect of concentrating energy towards the front of the antenna to achieve high gain.

[0081] Figure 13 S of the antenna, which is a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure. 11 Line graph; such as Figure 13 As shown, from S 11 The curve shows that the antenna in this example operates in the 1.89GHz to 4.93GHz frequency band. 11 All values ​​are less than -10dB, with an absolute bandwidth of 3.04GHz and approximately 90% relative bandwidth, exhibiting excellent ultra-wideband performance. The operating frequency band covers 2GHz, 2.3GHz, 2.6GHz, and 4.9GHz of the 4G band, as well as China Mobile's 2.6GHz 5G indoor distributed communication band and the 3.5GHz operating band shared by China Unicom and China Telecom. (From S)11 The curve also shows that the antenna in this example has four resonant points: 2.1 GHz, 2.8 GHz, 3.7 GHz, and 4.8 GHz.

[0082] We selected the center frequencies of 2.6GHz and 3.5GHz of the 5G indoor distribution bands of the three major operators to examine their 3D radiation patterns, which are indicators of antenna radiation capabilities. Figure 14 The 3D radiation pattern of the antenna at 2.6 GHz, as shown in the third example of this embodiment of the present disclosure, is as follows. Figure 14 As shown, from Figure 14 As can be seen, the antenna has good directivity at this frequency, with a maximum gain of 5.3 dBi. Figure 15 The 3D radiation pattern of the antenna at 3.5 GHz, as shown in the third example of this embodiment of the present disclosure, is as follows. Figure 15 As shown in Figure 15, the antenna exhibits good directivity at this frequency, with a maximum gain of 8.1 dBi. Compared to the 2.6 GHz pattern, although the backscattered radiation is slightly larger, the beam is much narrower, and the gain is increased by approximately 3 dBi, effectively doubling the radiation capability in the maximum radiation direction.

[0083] Fourth example: Figure 16 This is a top view of an antenna according to a fourth example of an embodiment of this disclosure; as shown Figure 16 As shown, the antenna in this example has a structure roughly the same as the antenna in the third example. The difference is that the antenna in this example not only includes the structural components of the third example, but also includes a first auxiliary part 71 disposed on the side of the first sub-reference electrode 21 near the second branch 32, and a second auxiliary part 72 disposed on the side of the second sub-reference electrode 22 near the fourth branch 42. The first auxiliary part 71 is connected to the first sub-reference electrode 21, and the maximum width of the first auxiliary part 71 is less than the minimum width of the first sub-reference electrode 21; the second auxiliary part 72 is connected to the second sub-reference electrode 22, and the maximum width of the second auxiliary part 72 is less than the minimum width of the second sub-reference electrode 22. The distance between the first auxiliary part 71 and the second auxiliary part 72 is greater than the width of the first opening 20, and the connection node between the third branch 41 and the reference electrode 2 is located between the first auxiliary part 71 and the second auxiliary part 72.

[0084] In this example, because the first auxiliary part 71 is arranged on the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second auxiliary part 72 is arranged on the second sub-reference electrode 22, the length of the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22 in the second direction Y is extended, so as to limit the first branch 31 of the first vibrator 3 and the third branch 41 of the second vibrator 4 between the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the second sub-reference electrode 22 as much as possible, and enhance the coupling between the first vibrator 3 and the second vibrator 4. It should be noted that whether the coupling is forward coupling or reverse coupling is related to the length and width of the first auxiliary part 71 and the second auxiliary part 72, and the specific effect needs to be adjusted according to the simulation model.

[0085] Figure 17 S parameters of the antenna of the fourth example of the embodiment of the present disclosure 11 The curve, as shown in Figure 17 It can be seen from Figure 17 that compared with the antenna of the third example, although the bandwidth at high frequency and low frequency is narrowed, the S 11 curve is deeper, and the impedance matching in the frequency band is better. Figure 18 The 3D directional diagram of the antenna of the fourth example of the embodiment of the present disclosure at 3.5 GHz, as shown in Figure 18 It can be seen that compared with the radiation directional diagram of the first example, although the maximum gain is decreased, the front-back ratio is better, and it can be obviously seen that the backward radiation of the antenna in this example is smaller.

[0086] Fifth example: Figure 19 The top view of the antenna of the fifth example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 20 The top view of the first sub-reference electrode 21 / second sub-reference electrode 22 in the fifth example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as Figure 19 and Figure 20As shown, the antenna in this example has substantially the same structure as the antenna in the third example, except that the first line segment 2141 of the fourth side 214 of the first sub-reference electrode 21 and the first line segment 2141 of the fourth side 214 of the second sub-reference electrode 22 in this example are each composed of at least two sub-line segments with different extension directions. In this example, the first line segment 2141 includes two sub-line segments with different extension directions, namely a first sub-line segment extending along the first direction X and a second sub-line segment extending along the second direction Y. In this example, the number of the first sub-line segment and the second sub-line segment of the first line segment 2141 is both multiple, and they are alternately connected to form a multi-step first line segment 2141. The first line segment 2141 of the antenna in this example adopts a stepped shape, and compared with the straight line in a single direction in the third example, this example has the feature of more moderate impedance matching. The length of the first sub-line segment and the length of the second sub-line segment in the first line segment 2141 need to be adjusted according to the actual situation of the model in the simulation process so as to achieve optimal matching.

[0087] It should be noted that replacing the first line segment 2141 with the antenna structure in this example is also within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and will not be listed one by one here.

[0088] Sixth example: Figure 21 is a top view of the antenna of the sixth example of the embodiments of the present disclosure; as Figure 21As shown, the antenna structure of this example is substantially the same as that in the third example, the difference being that the first dipole 3 in this example further comprises at least one fifth stub 33 connected in the extension direction of the second stub 32, and the second dipole 4 further comprises at least one sixth stub 43 connected in the extension direction of the fourth stub 42. In this example, for example, one fifth stub 33 is connected on each side of the extension direction of the second stub 32, and one sixth stub 43 is connected on each side of the extension direction of the fourth stub 42. The fifth stub 33 and the sixth stub 43 both extend in the second direction Y. That is, compared with the third example, the first dipole 3 and the second dipole 4 each have two open stubs added. It should be noted that the loading mode of the open stub in this example can be adjusted according to actual simulation. If the bandwidth is to be widened to low frequencies, the electrical length of the loaded fifth stub 33 needs to be greater than the length sum of the first stub 31 and the second stub 32 of the first dipole 3, and if the bandwidth is to be extended to high frequencies, the electrical length of the loaded fifth stub 33 needs to be less than the length sum of the first stub 31 and the second stub 32 of the first dipole 3. The position and impedance matching of the fifth stub 33 have a great relationship, and in the actual simulation process, the position and width of the fifth open stub need to be adjusted to adjust the impedance to the optimal. Similarly, the loading mode of the sixth stub 43 is similar to that of the fifth stub 33, and thus is not described here.

[0089] In some examples, the radiating electrode and the reference electrode 2 in the above-mentioned first to sixth examples can each adopt a patch structure, and the material can be selected from low-resistance, low-loss metals such as copper, gold, silver, and aluminum. The metal layer can generally be directly prepared using a magnetron sputtering process, a thermal evaporation process, an electroplating process, or the like. The detailed preparation process of the antenna is as follows: grinding the plate, attaching the film, exposing, developing, etching, electroplating, and removing the film. The material of the dielectric substrate 10 can be a resin substrate material with a small tangent loss of dielectric constant, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, a low-loss Rogers series board, a high-dielectric-constant ceramic board, quartz, glass, or other dielectric materials with low microwave loss and adjustable dielectric constant, such as graphene.

[0090] Seventh example: Figure 22 A front view of the antenna of the seventh example of the embodiments of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 7. Figure 22 As shown, the antenna in this example can adopt any of the above-mentioned antenna architectures, and the difference from the above-mentioned antennas is that the radiating electrode and the reference electrode 2 in this antenna adopt a conductive grid structure. For example, the radiating electrode and the reference electrode 2 in the first conductive layer 200 are formed on the substrate layer 201, and the substrate layer 201 is connected to the dielectric substrate 10 through the adhesive layer 202. In this example, the antenna adopts the architecture of the antenna in the third example, and the radiating electrode and the reference electrode 2 adopt a conductive grid structure, thereby realizing a transparent antenna.

[0091] With the emergence of smart scenarios, public equipment facilities can not only be intelligent, but also consider aesthetics without affecting performance, which will greatly enhance the competitiveness of products. With the emergence of automatic parking, driverless and intelligent charging technologies, the communication demand of underground parking lots is increasing, and more and more communication equipment is installed in underground parking lots. With the increase of radiation devices, even if the radiation is controlled during the initial design so as not to harm people's bodies, the ubiquitous radiation period still causes people's panic and worries about excessive radiation. Therefore, the emergence of transparent antennas not only beautifies the scene, but also hides well and reduces radiation panic.

[0092] In some examples, Figure 23 A top view of the conductive grid of the embodiments of the present disclosure is shown as Figure 23 As shown, the conductive grid can include a plurality of first conductive wires 2001 and second conductive wires 2002 arranged in a cross. For example, the extension direction of the first conductive wire 2001 and the second conductive wire 2002 of the conductive grid can be perpendicular to each other, at which time a square or rectangular hollow part is formed. Of course, the extension direction of the first conductive wire 2001 and the second conductive wire 2002 of the conductive grid can be arranged non-perpendicularly, for example, the included angle of the extension direction of the first conductive wire 2001 and the second conductive wire 2002 is 45°, at which time a rhombus hollow part is formed. Of course, the pattern of the hollow part of the conductive grid can also be a triangle and other polygons, at which time the conductive grid is not limited to including only two extension direction conductive wires, at which time the specific setting can be made according to the specific pattern. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, only the conductive grid can include a plurality of first conductive wires 2001 and second conductive wires 2002 arranged in a cross as an example.

[0093] Among them, the end of the first conductive wire 2001 and the second conductive wire 2002 of the conductive grid is connected together, that is, the periphery of the metal grid is a closed loop structure. In actual products, the end of the first conductive wire 2001 and the second conductive wire 2002 of the conductive grid can also be not connected to each other, that is, the periphery of the conductive grid is in a radiation shape. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the use of the conductive grid can achieve that the light transmittance of the transparent antenna reaches about 70%-88%.

[0094] In some examples, the line width, line thickness and line spacing of the first conductive wire 2001 and the second conductive wire 2002 of the conductive grid are preferably all the same, but can also be different. For example, the line width W1 of the first conductive wire 2001 and the second conductive wire 2002 is about 2-30 μm, the line spacing W2 is about 5-200 μm, and the line thickness is about 1-10 μm. It can be understood that by changing the line width, line thickness and line spacing of the first conductive wire 2001 and the second conductive wire 2002, the sheet resistance and transmittance can be adjusted, and thus the line width, line thickness and line spacing of the first conductive wire 2001 and the second conductive wire 2002 of the conductive grid can be specifically designed according to the requirements of the sheet resistance and transmittance.

[0095] In some examples, the material of the conductive grid can specifically be a metal material. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, only the selection of copper as the material of the conductive grid is taken as an example. In order to further improve the concealment of the conductive grid, the copper surface can be blackened after the formation of the conductive grid, which can weaken the bright color of the copper.

[0096] In some examples, the substrate layer 201 preferably has a material with low haze, high transmittance, temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), cycloolefin copolymer plastic (COP), poly1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate (PCT) and the like. From the cost consideration, PET is preferably selected. The material of the adhesive layer 202 is specifically transparent optical glue.

[0097] Figure 24 The S parameters of the antenna of the seventh example of the embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the following table. 11 The curve diagram is shown in FIG. 6, from which it can be seen that the impedance bandwidth is 1.90 GHz-4.71 GHz. Although the bandwidth is narrowed at high frequency compared with the third example, the bandwidth is still very wide. Figure 24 The 3D directional diagram of the antenna of the seventh example of the embodiments of the present disclosure at 3.5 GHz is shown in FIG. 7. From the diagram, it can be seen that the maximum gain is 7.1 dBi, and the gain in the maximum radiation direction is reduced by 1 dB compared with the third example. The reduction of the gain is due to the higher metal loss of the metal film, which is a normal phenomenon. Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 25

[0098] ​​​In some examples, regardless of any of the above examples, the antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure not only includes the above structure, but also includes a feed source for providing radio frequency signals to the first stub 31 of the first element 3. The feed source of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be a coaxial cable. The core of the coaxial cable is connected to the first stub 31, and the reference ground of the coaxial cable is connected to the reference electrode 2.

[0099] The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an electronic device comprising the above antenna.

[0100] The antenna further comprises a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filter unit. The antenna can serve as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit can include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides at least one frequency band of signals, such as 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, etc., and transmits the at least one frequency band of signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After the transparent antenna in the communication system receives the signals, the signals can be transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit after being processed by the filter unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver (not shown in the figure). The receiving end can be a smart gateway, etc.

[0101] Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit, and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the transparent antenna and then transmitted to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver can include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives a plurality of types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the plurality of types of signals provided by the baseband, and then transmit the signals to the antenna. The transparent antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving circuit transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit. The demodulation circuit demodulates the signals and then transmits them to the receiving end.

[0102] Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected with the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are connected with the filter unit, and the filter unit is connected with the at least one antenna. In the process of transmitting signals by the communication system, the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit the signal to the filter unit; the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmit the signal to the filter unit; the filter unit can specifically include a duplexer and a filter circuit, the filter unit combines and filters the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier and then transmits the signals to the transparent antenna, and the antenna radiates the signals. In the process of receiving signals by the communication system, the antenna receives the signals and then transmits the signals to the filter unit, the filter unit filters the signals received by the antenna and then transmits the signals to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, the signal amplifier increases the gain of the signals received by the antenna and increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals, and the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signals received by the antenna. The signals received by the antenna are processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver, and the radio frequency transceiver transmits the signals to the transceiver unit.

[0103] In some examples, the signal amplifier can include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low-noise amplifier, without limitation.

[0104] In some examples, the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, and the power management unit is connected with the power amplifier and provides a voltage for the power amplifier to amplify signals.

[0105] It can be understood that the above implementation is only an exemplary implementation adopted for illustrating the principles of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto. Various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the present application, and these modifications and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna comprising a dielectric substrate, a reference electrode and a radiating electrode disposed on the dielectric substrate; the reference electrode has a first opening extending through along a thickness direction thereof; the radiating electrode comprises a first stub and a second stub, and both are asymmetric structures; the first stub comprises a first branch and a second branch with different extending directions; the second stub comprises a third branch and a fourth branch with different extending directions; wherein, one end of the first branch is connected with one end of the second branch, and the other end of the first branch extends into the first opening; one end of the third branch is connected with the fourth branch, and the other end of the third branch is connected with the reference electrode.

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, the radiating electrode further comprises at least one director; the director is located on a side of the second branch and the fourth branch away from the first branch and the third branch.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein, the radiating electrode further comprises a first coupling part located on a side of the second branch close to the director, and a second coupling part located on a side of the fourth branch close to the director.

4. The antenna of claim 3, wherein, the first coupling part, the second coupling part, the second branch and the fourth branch all extend along a first direction; a length of the first coupling part in the first direction is not equal to a length of the second coupling part in the first direction; and / or, a width of the first coupling part in a direction perpendicular to the first direction is not equal to a width of the second coupling part in the direction perpendicular to the first direction.

5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein, the number of the directors is multiple, and the multiple directors are arranged side by side in a direction away from the second branch and the fourth branch; a distance between the first coupling part and the second coupling part and the director closest to the first coupling part and the second coupling part is a first distance; a distance between the directors arranged adjacently is a second distance; the first distance is equal to the second distance.

6. The antenna of claim 2, wherein, the number of the directors is multiple, and the multiple directors are arranged side by side in a direction away from the second branch and the fourth branch; the directors, the second branch and the fourth branch all extend along a first direction; at least part of the directors has different lengths along the first direction; and / or, at least part of the directors has different widths along a direction perpendicular to the first direction.

7. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, the reference electrode comprises at least a first sub-reference electrode and a second sub-reference electrode defining the first opening; the first opening extends along a second direction; the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode are symmetrically arranged along a straight line extending through a center of the first opening and along the second direction.

8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein, along the second direction, at least part of the first sub-reference electrode has different widths, and a width of the first sub-reference electrode relatively close to the second branch is not greater than a width of the first sub-reference electrode relatively far away from the second branch.

9. The antenna of claim 8, wherein, the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode comprise a first side edge and a second side edge arranged relatively along the second direction, and a third side edge and a fourth side edge connecting the first side edge and the second side edge; The third side of the first sub-reference electrode and the third side of the second sub-reference electrode both extend along the second direction to define the first opening; the fourth side includes at least a first line segment; the distance from the first line segment to the third side monotonously decreases in the direction from the first side to the second side.

10. The antenna of claim 8, wherein, The first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode include a first side and a second side oppositely arranged along the second direction; and a third side and a fourth side connecting the first side and the second side; The third side of the first sub-reference electrode and the third side of the second sub-reference electrode both extend along the second direction to define the first opening; the fourth side includes at least a first line segment; the first line segment includes at least two sub-line segments with different extension directions.

11. The antenna of claim 7, wherein, Further comprising a first auxiliary part arranged on the first sub-reference electrode near the second branch, and a second auxiliary part arranged on the second sub-reference electrode near the fourth branch; The first auxiliary part is connected with the first sub-reference electrode, and the maximum width of the first auxiliary part is less than the minimum width of the first sub-reference electrode; the second auxiliary part is connected with the second sub-reference electrode, and the maximum width of the second auxiliary part is less than the minimum width of the second sub-reference electrode; The distance between the first auxiliary part and the second auxiliary part is greater than the width of the first opening, and the connecting node of the third branch and the reference electrode is located between the first auxiliary part and the second auxiliary part.

12. The antenna of claim 7, wherein, The reference electrode further includes a connecting part connecting the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode, and the connecting part connects the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode to define the first opening.

13. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The first vibrator further includes a fifth branch connected on at least one side of the extension direction of the second branch, and the extension direction of the fifth branch is different from the extension direction of the second branch; the second vibrator further includes a sixth branch connected on at least one side of the extension direction of the fourth branch, and the extension direction of the sixth branch is different from the extension direction of the fourth branch.

14. The antenna of claim 13, wherein, The number of the fifth branches is two, and the extension directions of the two fifth branches are opposite; the number of the sixth branches is two, and the extension directions of the two sixth branches are opposite.

15. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating electrode and the reference electrode are arranged in the same layer.

16. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a substrate layer arranged on the dielectric substrate, and the radiating electrode and the reference electrode are both arranged on the side of the substrate layer away from the dielectric substrate, and the substrate layer is connected with the dielectric substrate through an adhesive layer.

17. The antenna of claim 16, wherein, The radiating electrode and the reference electrode both include a conductive grid.

18. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a feed source configured to provide a radio frequency signal to the first branch.

19. The antenna of claim 18, wherein, The feed source includes a coaxial cable, and the core of the coaxial cable is connected with the first branch, and the reference ground of the coaxial cable is connected with the reference electrode.

20. An electronic device comprising the antenna of any one of claims 1-19.

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