Photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small component

Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on a small component, which comprises a main beam, a driving motor, an electric control box and a small component used for supplying power to the electric control box, a mainboard and a battery are arranged in the electric control box, a single chip microcomputer chip, a driving circuit and an automatic switching circuit are arranged on the mainboard, and the driving motor is connected with the main beam. The automatic switching circuit is electrically connected with the small component and the battery respectively, the automatic switching circuit selects the battery or the small component to supply power to the single chip microcomputer chip according to the voltage of the small component and the battery, and the single chip microcomputer chip controls the battery to supply power to the driving circuit. Compared with a common power supply mode of high-voltage string and high-power switch voltage, the problem that the cost of a high-power switch power supply is too high is solved, and meanwhile the problem that the MPPT function of the high-voltage string is interfered in the starting and stopping process of the tracking motor when the support rotates is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components, belonging to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are two main types of power supply methods for solar tracking bracket controllers. One is the traditional centralized power supply scheme for interconnected photovoltaic tracking brackets. The entire power supply system is centered around a transformer substation, using radial distribution lines to supply power to each tracking controller. This power supply method results in high cable and wiring costs. The other is high-voltage string self-powering technology. This technology obtains power from the high-voltage DC photovoltaic module strings (up to DC 1500V) using high-voltage DC / DC power modules, converting it to 24VDC to power the trackers. This ensures a stable high-power power supply for the tracking brackets.

[0003] However, existing technologies have the following problems: 1. Traditional linked photovoltaic tracking brackets use a centralized power supply scheme, which makes the cost of cables and wiring very high;

[0004] 2. The high-voltage string power supply scheme has a complex system structure and high cost, especially the cost of the high-voltage power supply. Secondly, it interferes with the MPPT function of the high-voltage string during the starting and stopping of the tracking motor.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components. Utility Model Content

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the existing defects and provide a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components includes a main beam, a drive motor, an electrical control box, and small components for powering the electrical control box. The electrical control box contains a main board and a battery. The main board contains a microcontroller chip, a drive circuit, and an automatic switching circuit. The automatic switching circuit is electrically connected to the small components and the battery respectively. The automatic switching circuit selects whether the battery or the small components power the microcontroller chip according to the voltage of the small components and the battery. The microcontroller chip controls the battery to power the drive circuit.

[0009] As a further improvement of this utility model, when the voltage of the small component is greater than 16V, the small component supplies power to the microcontroller chip, and at the same time the microcontroller chip controls the small component to charge the battery.

[0010] As a further improvement of this utility model, the small component charges the battery through a three-stage charging circuit with MPPT function.

[0011] As a further improvement of this utility model, when the voltage of the small component is less than 16V, the battery is switched to power the microcontroller chip through an automatic switching circuit.

[0012] As a further improvement of this utility model, when the drive motor drives the main beam to rotate, the battery stops charging and supplies power to the drive circuit through the battery.

[0013] As a further improvement of this utility model, the microcontroller chip is automatically powered by a battery at night.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: A photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components, by adopting a power supply method that combines small components and batteries, solves the problem of high cost of high-power switching power supplies compared to the general power supply method of high voltage strings and high-power switching voltage. At the same time, it solves the problem of interference with the MPPT function of high voltage strings during the starting and stopping process of the tracking motor when the support rotates. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components according to this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inside of the control box in a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components according to this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a topology diagram of a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components according to this utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the automatic switching circuit in a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components according to this utility model.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of a three-stage charging circuit with MPPT function in a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on small components according to this utility model.

[0021] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Main beam; 2. Drive motor; 3. Electrical control box; 4. Small components; 5. Standard components; 6. Non-drive column; 7. Drive column. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size. It is understandable for those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings. Based on the specific embodiments of the present invention, all other specific embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] To make the technical means, creative features, and achieved objectives and effects of this utility model easy to understand, it should be noted in the description of this utility model that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0024] In this application, TCU refers to the electrical control box, MCU refers to the microcontroller chip on the main board of the electrical control box, and MPPT refers to "maximum power point tracking".

[0025] In the era of linked photovoltaic tracking brackets, the number of tracking controllers in a single subarray was only a dozen or so. The construction work was acceptable, with each bracket being laid out radially. In the era of photovoltaic electricity price subsidies, the price of electricity generated by photovoltaic power plants was high, exceeding 1 yuan at its peak, while the lowest price of plant power from the external grid was only 0.3 yuan. It was also cost-effective to use the external grid to supply power to the trackers, and the higher wiring costs could be tolerated.

[0026] However, with the advent of the grid parity era and the adoption of single-row, single-action photovoltaic tracking brackets as the mainstream technology, the continued use of centralized power supply and radial distribution network power supply schemes would result in high cable and wiring costs. Therefore, in single-row, single-axis photovoltaic projects, centralized power supply should also adopt a bus-type cable layout scheme. The so-called bus-type cable wiring scheme is a wiring scheme in which several main power supply lines are set up in the subarray, and each tracker uses a T-shaped branch to draw power from the main power supply line. Example

[0027] like Figures 1-5As shown, a photovoltaic MCU power supply device based on a small component is disclosed, including a main beam 1, a drive motor 2, an electrical control box 3, and a small component 4 for supplying power to the electrical control box 3. The electrical control box 3 is equipped with a main board and a battery. The main board is equipped with a battery interface, and the battery is electrically connected to the main board through the battery interface. The main board is equipped with a microcontroller chip, a drive circuit, and an automatic switching circuit. The automatic switching circuit is electrically connected to the small component 4 and the battery respectively. The automatic switching circuit selects whether the battery or the small component 4 supplies power to the microcontroller chip according to the voltage of the small component 4 and the battery. The microcontroller chip controls the battery to supply power to the drive circuit.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of an existing photovoltaic tracking bracket, including a main beam 1, a drive motor 2, an electrical control box 3, a small component 4 for supplying power to the electrical control box 3, a standard photovoltaic module 5, a non-drive column 6, and a drive column 7. The drive motor 2 is fixedly mounted on the drive column 7, and the small component 4 is fixedly mounted on the main beam 1. The small component 4 is electrically connected to the TCU. Multiple main beams 1 are fixedly connected and rotate relative to the non-drive column 6 and the drive column 7. The electrical control box 3 sends commands to control the drive motor 2 to drive the standard photovoltaic module 5 on the main beam 1 to track the sun, thereby achieving the purpose of tracking the sun and increasing power generation.

[0029] The battery has charging and discharging functions. When charging, it is charged through component 4. When discharging, it supplies power to the MCU or drive circuit as needed.

[0030] The microcontroller chip (MCU) has the function of controlling small components, batteries, and drive circuits;

[0031] The automatic switching circuit automatically determines the voltage of the component and the battery. When the voltage of component 4 is greater than 16V, it supplies power to the MCU through component 4, and the MCU simultaneously controls component 4 to charge the battery. When the voltage of component 4 is less than or equal to 16V, it supplies power to the MCU through the battery. The specific circuit diagram of the automatic switching circuit is shown below. Figure 4 As shown.

[0032] During the actual operation of the photovoltaic tracking bracket, the power supply of the MCU presents various operating conditions, including the following:

[0033] During the daytime, when the voltage of component 4 is greater than 16V, component 4 supplies power to the MCU, and the MCU controls component 4 to charge the battery. While component 4 is charging the battery, a three-stage charging circuit with MPPT function is used (see the detailed circuit diagram). Figure 5 Charging the battery ensures that it can be quickly fully charged even in low light conditions. When component 4 has sufficient power generation, component 4 is the preferred power source for the MCU.

[0034] During the daytime, when the component voltage is below or equal to 16V, the automatic switching circuit connects the circuit between the battery and the MCU, and supplies power to the MCU through the battery. This is especially suitable for rainy days or when the power generation is insufficient in the morning.

[0035] At night, component 4 cannot generate electricity, but it has already charged the battery during the day, which automatically powers the MCU, keeping the TCU in normal working condition at night.

[0036] When the support needs to rotate, the drive circuit controls the drive motor 2 to drive the main beam 1 to rotate, the battery stops charging, and the drive circuit is powered by the battery.

[0037] By adopting a power supply method that combines four small components with batteries for switching, compared to the general high-voltage string power supply method that increases the power switching voltage, the problem of high cost of high-power switching power supplies is solved. At the same time, the problem of interference with the MPPT function of the high-voltage string during the starting and stopping of the tracking motor when the bracket rotates is solved.

[0038] In addition, the battery is charged by a three-stage charging circuit with MPPT function, which can ensure that the battery can be quickly fully charged even in low light conditions, ensuring that the TCU can work normally at night.

[0039] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. All such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A small component-based photovoltaic MCU power supply device, comprising a main beam (1), a driving motor (2), an electric control box (3), and a small component (4) for supplying power to the electric control box (3), characterized in that: The electric control box (3) is internally provided with a mainboard and a battery, the mainboard is provided with a single-chip microcomputer chip, a driving circuit and an automatic switching circuit, the automatic switching circuit is electrically connected with the small component (4) and the battery respectively, the automatic switching circuit selects the battery or the small component (4) to supply power to the single-chip microcomputer chip according to the voltage of the small component (4) and the battery, and the single-chip microcomputer chip controls the battery to supply power to the driving circuit.

2. The widget-based photovoltaic MCU powered device of claim 1, wherein: When the voltage of the small component (4) is greater than 16V, the small component (4) is used to supply power to the single-chip microcomputer chip, and meanwhile the single-chip microcomputer chip controls the small component (4) to charge the battery.

3. The widget-based photovoltaic MCU powered device of claim 2, wherein: The small component (4) charges the battery through a three-stage charging circuit with MPPT function.

4. The widget-based photovoltaic MCU powered device of claim 1, wherein: When the voltage of the small component (4) is less than 16V, the automatic switching circuit is used to switch the battery to supply power to the single-chip microcomputer chip.

5. The widget-based photovoltaic MCU powered device of claim 1, wherein: When the driving motor (2) drives the main beam (1) to rotate, the battery stops charging and supplies power to the driving circuit.

6. The widget-based photovoltaic MCU powered device of claim 1, wherein: At night, the battery automatically supplies power to the single-chip microcomputer chip.

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