Blast hole arrangement structure for mine open-air slope stepped hole blasting

Abstract

The utility model discloses a blast hole arrangement structure for mine open-air slope stepped hole blasting. A plurality of rows of through holes are formed in each step. The pitch a of each row of through holes is 4 meters, and the row pitch b is 3 meters; the tops of the first row of holes are 6 meters away from the cliff edge; the tops of the second row of holes are 9 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the third row of holes is 12 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the fourth row of holes is 15 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the fifth row of holes is 18 meters away from the cliff edge; the hole depth of each row needs to ensure that the distance between the hole bottom and the cliff edge is larger than 1.8 m and the distance between the hole bottom and the slope bottom is larger than 2.57 m. According to the arrangement structure, the position, close to the edge and the boundary, of the side can ensure the stability of the side and the excavation progress after explosion; the structure is easy to construct and operate, the theory is popular and easy to understand, occurrence of rock walls, root bottoms and large blocks after explosion is reduced, and the slope cutting cost and the slope cutting time are reduced; according to the structure, the post-treatment time after explosion is greatly shortened, meanwhile, the post-treatment cost is reduced, and favorable conditions are created for smooth construction after explosion.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a mine open -air blasting technical field especially a mine open -air side help ladder hole blasting blast hole arrangement structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the open -air blasting construction process, due to the influence of topography and geomorphology address condition, the side help position of edge and boundary, in order to make the side help more stable after blasting, reduce the cost of wave protection and slope in later period, normal design perforation is prone to root, rock wall and big piece after blasting, subsequent processing is extremely difficult, improves the cost of subsequent processing and influences subsequent operation progress, seriously influences normal construction after blasting. UTILITARIAN CONTENT

[0003] The utility model solves the technical problem to provide a mine open -air side help ladder hole blasting blast hole arrangement structure that can effectively reduce the post -blasting post -processing time.

[0004] To solve the above technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is: a plurality of rows of perforations are arranged at each step; the hole distance a of each row of perforations is 4 meters, and the row distance b is 3 meters; the top of the first row of holes is 6 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the second row of holes is 9 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the third row of holes is 12 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the fourth row of holes is 15 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the fifth row of holes is 18 meters away from the cliff edge; the hole depth of each row is ensured to be greater than 1.8 meters away from the cliff edge and greater than 2.57 meters away from the slope bottom.

[0005] Further, the hole depth of the first row of holes is 6 meters, the hole depth of the second row of holes is 9 meters, the hole depth of the third row of holes is 12 meters, the hole depth of the fourth row of holes is 18 meters, and the hole depth of the fifth row of holes is 17 meters.

[0006] Further, the slope angle of the mine open -air side help is 55 degrees, and the step height is 15 meters.

[0007] Further, the hole depth of the subsequent row of perforations is the same as the hole depth of the fifth row of perforations.

[0008] The beneficial effects generated by the above technical scheme are that: the utility model is designed for the blasting scheme of the open -air side help position of edge and boundary, and the ladder hole blasting is performed in front of the slope to retain the permanent slope; the stability of the side help is ensured, and the excavation progress after blasting is ensured; the utility model is simple in construction operation, easy to understand in theory, reduces the occurrence of rock wall, root and big piece after blasting, reduces the cost and time of slope cutting; the utility model greatly reduces the post -blasting post -processing time, reduces the post -processing cost, and creates favorable conditions for smooth post -blasting construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0009] The utility model will be further explained in detail in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0010] Figure 1 is the schematic diagram of the conventional blast hole arrangement structure of example 1;

[0011] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the blast hole arrangement structure of the example 1 of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The blast hole arrangement method of the bench ladder hole blasting of the mine open pit side slope comprises the following steps: 1) collecting the data information of the mine open pit side slope, including the slope angle, the bench height, the hole spacing, the row spacing, and the hole depth;

[0013] 2) determining the conventional hole arrangement parameters of the bench according to the data information:

[0014] 2.1) the parameters including the bench height, the hole spacing, the row spacing, and the overdepth can be obtained according to the experience and the conventional calculation formula.

[0015] The row spacing is determined according to the actual charge amount of each hole of the mine. The single-hole charge amount calculation formula in the Mining Blasting textbook published by the Metallurgical Industry Press is Q 单孔 =qabH, wherein Q 单孔 is the actual charge amount of each hole of the mine, q is the unit consumption of explosive, a is the hole spacing, b is the row spacing, and H is the bench height. The above formula is used for the case that there is no overdepth in the open pit bench blasting, and thus it can be deduced that Q 单孔 =qabL and L=H+h, L is the hole depth, H is the bench height, and h is the overdepth.

[0016] According to the slope angle and the lithology and geographic structure, the hole network parameters of other large open pit mines such as the Hongshan Iron Mine, the Zhongguan Iron Mine, the Miaogou Iron Mine, and the Bangmoshan Iron Mine are visited by the design institute in the early stage, and the bench height of the Sijiaying Iron Mine and the Yanshan Iron Mine is finally determined as h=15m, the hole spacing a=4m, and the row spacing b=3m according to the calculation and reasoning of the above formula in the later stage, the small shallow hole drilling machine has a 150mm hole diameter and a 165mm hole diameter with an overdepth of 2m, and the roller bit drilling machine has a 310mm hole diameter with an overdepth of 3m. The parameters are more in line with the general representativeness of the general open pit iron mine, and the hole spacing and the row spacing can be appropriately increased and used as long as the conditions of the break surface angle of 55° and the bench height of 15m are met.

[0017] 2.2) determining the first row hole position and the hole depth:

[0018] The determination of the first row hole position is as follows: Figure 1 , 2As shown, the position of the edge of the boundary in order to leave a safe cleaning platform, the platform width through the river iron and steel mining group design institute through the early a large number of visits to other open-pit mine such as red cedar iron, Zhongguan iron, Miao iron, stick mill iron and other large open-pit mine parameters ultimately determined for 6 meters is more suitable for neutral and large open-pit mine requirements, with the general and representative, this data is also used in the si jiaying iron, research iron, because the cleaning car distance is generally 2-3 meters, so 6 meters distance can ensure the safe and smooth operation of the cleaning car in the later period, more safe and reliable.

[0019] The determination of the first row of perforation hole depth: in order to ensure the stability of the edge of the slope Figure 1 , 2 As shown in the slope angle 55°, 6 meters away from the edge of the hole, when the hole depth is 6 meters, the hole bottom position is 1.8 meters away from the edge of the cliff, 2.57 meters away from the slope bottom. This distance is proved by a large number of experiments in the early stage that it can ensure the stability of the edge after blasting and achieve good blasting effect. As described above, 6 meters away from the edge of the hole with 6 meters hole depth is suitable for the open-pit mine with slope angle 55° and step height 15 meters. Similarly, 9 meters hole depth, hole bottom distance 2.7 meters away from the edge of the cliff is greater than 1.8 meters, distance 3.86 meters away from the slope bottom is greater than 2.57 meters; 12 meters hole depth, hole bottom distance 3.6 meters away from the edge of the cliff is greater than 1.8 meters, distance 3 meters away from the slope bottom is greater than 2.57 meters; 18 meters hole depth, that is, 3 meters into the next step, hole bottom distance 4.5 meters away from the edge of the cliff is greater than 1.8 meters; 17 meters hole depth, 2 meters overdeep, that is, 2 meters into the next step; the hole depth of subsequent perforation can be the same as the fifth row of perforation hole depth. It is particularly pointed out that as long as the fourth row of perforation hole depth is 18 meters, that is, 3 meters into the next step, other parameters can be appropriately increased to meet the conditions.

[0020] The determination of the hole depth of subsequent perforation: as shown in the figure Figure 1 , 2 The open-pit mine with slope angle 55° and step height 15 meters, the second row of perforation hole depth is 9 meters, the hole bottom distance 2.7 meters away from the edge of the cliff is greater than 1.8 meters, the distance 3.86 meters away from the slope bottom is greater than 2.57 meters; the third row of perforation hole depth is 12 meters, the hole bottom distance 3.6 meters away from the edge of the cliff is greater than 1.8 meters, the distance 3 meters away from the slope bottom is greater than 2.57 meters; the fourth row of perforation hole depth is 18 meters, that is, 3 meters into the next step, the hole bottom distance 4.5 meters away from the edge of the cliff is greater than 1.8 meters; the fifth row of perforation hole depth is 17 meters, 2 meters overdeep, that is, 2 meters into the next step; the hole depth of subsequent perforation can be the same as the fifth row of perforation hole depth. It is particularly pointed out that as long as the fourth row of perforation hole depth is 18 meters, that is, 3 meters into the next step, other parameters can be appropriately increased to meet the conditions.

[0021] 3) as shown in the figure Figure 2 For the open-pit mine with slope angle 55° and step height 15 meters, the fourth row of hole depth is changed from the original 15 meters to 18 meters, which is 3 meters overdeep. This depth is through Figure 1 and Figure 2It's clear from the surface that this depth won't damage the cliff face. The bottom of the 18-meter borehole is 2.45 meters (greater than 1.8 meters) from the cliff edge and 3.57 meters (greater than 2.57 meters) from the slope bottom. This ensures both the stability of the cliff face and the post-blast effect. Figure 1 Extensive experiments have confirmed that this parameter is reasonable and will not damage the sidewalls. For over 10 years since its establishment, the Sijiaying Iron Mine and Yanshan Iron Mine have consistently used this parameter with good results. As long as the condition of a break face angle of 55° and a step height of 15 meters is met, all mines can use it.

[0022] 4) In summary, for an open-pit mine with a 55° slope angle and a step height of 15 meters, the step height is determined as h=15 meters, the hole spacing a=4 meters, and the row spacing b=3 meters. The first row of holes is drilled 6 meters from the cliff edge, with a depth of 6 meters; the second row is drilled 9 meters from the cliff edge, with a depth of 9 meters; the third row is drilled 12 meters from the cliff edge, with a depth of 12 meters; the fourth row is drilled 15 meters from the cliff edge, with a depth of 18 meters; the fifth row is drilled 18 meters from the cliff edge, with a depth of 17 meters; subsequent drilling depths are the same as the fifth row. This method can be used in all mines as long as the slope angle is 55° and the step height is 15 meters. Example

[0023] See Figure 2 As shown, during the drilling operation on Step I, the first row of holes was drilled 6 meters from the cliff edge, with a depth of 6 meters; the second row of holes was drilled 9 meters from the cliff edge, with a depth of 9 meters; the third row of holes was drilled 12 meters from the cliff edge, with a depth of 12 meters; and the fourth row of holes was drilled 15 meters from the cliff edge, with a depth of 18 meters. This fourth row of holes was 18 meters deeper than the previous 15 meters, exceeding the depth by 3 meters. This 3-meter extension into the area of ​​Step II compensates for the previous depth. Figure 1 Area I shown does not have the defects of perforated blasting; the fifth row of holes is drilled 18 meters away from the cliff edge, with a hole depth of 17 meters, which is a normal drilling depth; when adding a sixth or seventh row of holes, the hole depth is also conventionally drilled to 17 meters.

Claims

1. A borehole arrangement structure for stepped-hole blasting on the sidewalls of an open-pit mine, characterized in that: Several rows of perforations are arranged on each step; the hole spacing a=4 meters and the row spacing b=3 meters for each row of perforations; the top of the first row of holes is 6 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the second row of holes is 9 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the third row of holes is 12 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the fourth row of holes is 15 meters away from the cliff edge; the top of the fifth row of holes is 18 meters away from the cliff edge; the hole depth of each row must ensure that the bottom of the hole is more than 1.8 meters away from the cliff edge and more than 2.57 meters away from the bottom of the slope.

2. The borehole arrangement structure for step-hole blasting on the sidewall of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first row of holes is 6 meters deep, the second row is 9 meters deep, the third row is 12 meters deep, the fourth row is 18 meters deep, and the fifth row is 17 meters deep.

3. The borehole arrangement structure for step-hole blasting on the sidewall of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope angle of the open-pit sidewall of the mine is 55° and the step height is 15 meters.

4. The borehole arrangement structure for step-hole blasting on the sidewall of an open mine as described in claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: The hole depth of the subsequent rows of perforations is the same as that of the fifth row of perforations.

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