Unmanned aerial vehicle padstone measuring device

Abstract

The utility model discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle padstone measuring device, which comprises a total station and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and is characterized in that the unmanned aerial vehicle is connected with a reflection assembly through a hoisting assembly; the reflection assembly comprises a supporting base and a 360-degree prism, and the 360-degree prism is located on the upper portion of the supporting base. The method has the advantages that high efficiency is achieved, the time for the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly from one pad stone to another pad stone and complete measurement is within 20 seconds through testing, and the overall measurement time is far shorter than the manual measurement time; the unmanned aerial vehicle hangs a special reflection assembly to assist the total station in measurement, and the error is equal to that of manual operation; safety: the unmanned aerial vehicle replaces manual measurement, so that the safety risk when a person climbs the capping beam in the measurement process is reduced; economical efficiency: the investment of corresponding mechanical equipment is reduced, and the cost is directly saved; and expandability: the unmanned aerial vehicle technology has the characteristic of expandability, and is beneficial to upgrading and development of a project. For example, the unmanned aerial vehicle with the RTK function is positioned according to the coordinate position, and the control difficulty of a pilot is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of bridge construction surveying technology, specifically relating to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) pad stone measuring device. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge pad stones are crucial components in bridge construction. They primarily bear and transfer the structural loads of the bridge, and adjust height differences between different parts of the bridge, thereby ensuring the overall stress and stability of the structure. Accurate measurement of bridge pad stones not only affects the construction quality of the bridge but also directly impacts its safety and service life. With the increasing complexity of bridge structures and construction requirements, the importance and complexity of bridge pad stone measurement technology are becoming increasingly prominent.

[0003] Early surveying work relied primarily on traditional optical measuring instruments such as levels and total stations. While these devices achieved a high level of accuracy, they demanded skilled operators and were time-consuming and inefficient. With technological advancements, modern surveying techniques have been increasingly applied to bridge foundation stone measurement. For example, 3D laser scanning technology provides large-scale, high-resolution data, rapidly collecting detailed information on the foundation stones; UAV aerial surveying technology can cover inaccessible areas, enabling comprehensive measurements; and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology provides high-precision location information, particularly suitable for large bridge construction sites. The application of these modern surveying technologies has significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of foundation stone measurement, reducing human error.

[0004] However, the measurement of bridge foundation stones still faces many technical challenges. The primary challenge is the complexity of the site environment. Bridge construction sites often present harsh environmental conditions, such as high temperature, high humidity, dust, and heavy traffic, all of which can affect the performance of measuring equipment and the accuracy of measurement data. In addition, the complex layout of the construction site also increases the difficulty of the measurement work, requiring the integration and processing of multiple devices and data, which is a test for both measurement technology and personnel. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) pad stone measuring device, which solves the problems of low efficiency and high difficulty in the traditional measurement of bridge pad stones.

[0006] This application uses a drone to suspend a specially designed reflective component. The total station is set up in the normal layout manner, and the back view is performed using a hand-held centering rod. The drone is equipped with a specially suspended reflective component for forward view. The drone carrying the reflective component is hovered above the pad stone, and the suspension rope is lowered appropriately to keep it slack. The reflective component can be placed stably on the pad stone. At this time, the elevation of the pad stone is measured by the total station. The whole process is economical and safe. The drone operator can use the drone lens to directly observe the placement position of the reflective component from above.

[0007] The objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A drone-based stone paving device includes a total station and a drone, the drone being connected to a reflective component via a hoisting assembly; the reflective component includes a support base and a 360° prism, the 360° prism being located on the upper part of the support base.

[0009] Furthermore, the total station has a prism measurement function.

[0010] Furthermore, the drone has RTK functionality.

[0011] Furthermore, the hoisting assembly includes an upper hoisting hole, a hoisting rope, and a lower hoisting hole. The upper hoisting hole is located on the drone, the lower hoisting hole is located on the reflective assembly, and the hoisting rope is connected between the upper hoisting hole and the lower hoisting hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the drone is provided with an upper mounting hole, and the reflective component is provided with four lower mounting holes evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0013] Furthermore, the support base has a frustum-shaped structure, and a counterweight is provided at the bottom of the support base.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the support base is provided with magnetic legs.

[0015] Furthermore, the magnetic support leg has four evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0016] Furthermore, the magnetic support leg has a cylindrical structure.

[0017] Furthermore, the bottom of the 360° prism is provided with a connecting screw, which is threadedly connected to the connecting screw hole on the top of the support base.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0019] (1) High efficiency: The test showed that the time it took for the drone to fly from one pad stone to another and complete the measurement was within 20 seconds, and the overall measurement time was much shorter than the time for manual measurement.

[0020] (2) Accuracy: The UAV is equipped with a specially designed reflective component to assist the total station in measurement, and its error is comparable to that of manual measurement.

[0021] (3) Safety: The use of drones to replace manual measurement reduces the safety risks for personnel when climbing the roof beam during the measurement process.

[0022] (4) Economic efficiency: Reduced investment in corresponding mechanical equipment directly saves costs.

[0023] (5) Scalability: Drone technology is scalable, which is conducive to the upgrading and development of projects. For example, drones with RTK function can be positioned according to coordinates, reducing the difficulty of operation for pilots.

[0024] The aforementioned main solution and its various further alternatives can be freely combined to form multiple solutions, all of which are solutions that can be adopted and are claimed in this application; furthermore, the (non-conflicting alternatives) can also be freely combined with each other and with other alternatives. Those skilled in the art, after understanding this solution, will realize from the prior art and common general knowledge that there are many combinations, all of which are technical solutions to be protected in this application, and will not be exhaustively listed here. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hoisting component structure of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reflective component structure of this application.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the 360° prism structure of this application.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-total station, 2-UAV, 3-lifting assembly, 4-reflecting assembly; 201-upper lifting hole, 301-lifting rope, 401-support base, 402-360° prism, 403-magnetic leg, 404-lower lifting hole, 405-connecting screw. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present application will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] refer to Figures 1-4 As shown, a drone-based stone paving device includes a total station 1, a drone 2, a hoisting assembly 3, and a reflective assembly 4.

[0033] Total station 1 has a prism measurement function, which is standard on all total stations with automatic tracking measurement capabilities. This example uses a Leica TS60 total station. Drone 2 has RTK functionality; a DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone can be used for positioning based on coordinates. Drone 2 can also be used without RTK functionality. In practice, positioning is achieved by using the drone's camera to observe vertically downwards, combining this with visual observation and the height difference of the foundation stones. For a typical drone operator, measuring a dozen or so points (i.e., one cap beam) allows for rapid adaptation to the operation.

[0034] The drone 2 is connected to the reflective component 4 via the hoisting component 3, and the drone 2 flies directly to the measurement position of the pad stone.

[0035] The hoisting assembly 3 includes an upper hoisting hole 201, a hoisting rope 301, and a lower hoisting hole 404. The upper hoisting hole 201 is provided on the UAV 2, and the UAV 2 has one upper hoisting hole 201. The lower hoisting hole 404 is provided on the reflective assembly 4, and the reflective assembly 4 has four lower hoisting holes 404 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The hoisting rope 301 connects the upper hoisting hole 201 and the lower hoisting hole 404.

[0036] The drone hoisting holes and reflector hoisting holes provide support for drone hoisting. A high-strength hoisting rope is passed through the reflector hoisting hole and then connected to the drone hoisting hole on the DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone landing bracket, thus completing the hoisting preparation work and ensuring the stability of the reflector during drone flight.

[0037] The reflective assembly 4 includes a support base 401, a 360° prism 402, and magnetic legs 403. The support base 401 has a frustum-shaped structure and serves as a transition section connecting the 360° prism 402 and the magnetic legs 403. A counterweight is located at the bottom of the support base 401, which, in actual use, lowers the center of gravity of the assembly, achieving a self-balancing structure similar to a roly-poly toy, making it less prone to tipping over when in place. The counterweight can be a solid structure fixed inside the support base 401, or it can be filled with a viscous liquid (such as engine oil).

[0038] The 360° prism 402 is located on the upper part of the support 401 and is used for reflection during measurement. The 360° prism 402 provides a measurement target for the total station 1. The total station 1 can obtain an elevation data by aligning the prism with this part in prism mode. The accurate elevation data of the pad stone can be obtained by solving the data by the total station.

[0039] A vertical connecting screw 405 is fixed to the bottom of the 360° prism 402. The connecting screw 405 is threadedly connected to the connecting screw hole on the top of the support base 401, forming a detachable structure for easy maintenance and replacement of the 360° prism 402. The top of the 360° prism 402 is provided with a lower lifting hole 404.

[0040] The bottom of the support base 401 is equipped with magnetic legs 403 for stability. The magnetic legs 403 are cylindrical structures with four evenly distributed circumferentially. The cylindrical magnetic legs 403 are the bottommost components, and each of their four bases has an 8mm diameter circular N10 magnet embedded in its base, generating approximately 1KG of magnetic force. This magnetic attraction allows the device to land more stably on the support stone. This prevents excessive tilting and shaking of the device during drone flight.

[0041] The workflow of this application:

[0042] (1) Preparation phase: Based on project requirements, select a suitable UAV model and train professional pilots to ensure that UAV pilots have sufficient professional skills. At the same time, equip the project with appropriate equipment, including total station, special reflector, hoisting equipment, etc., to ensure the completeness of implementation conditions.

[0043] (2) Implementation Phase: First, set up a total station and use a hand-held centering rod to perform elevation backsight, ensuring that the backsight elevation observed after station setup matches the design value. Then, determine the height of the foresight reflector assembly, ensuring that the elevation values ​​measured at the same point using the centering rod and the self-made reflector assembly are the same before proceeding with the measurement work. The elevation of the reflector assembly can be measured directly, but to avoid the wear of the prism rod tip affecting the measurement results, a total station can be used in conjunction to determine it. Place the centering rod on the leveling plate and measure the elevation of the leveling plate. Then, set the prism height to zero and use the reflector assembly to measure the elevation of the leveling plate. The difference between this elevation and the previously measured elevation using the prism rod is the height of the reflector assembly.

[0044] After the above process is completed, the drone pilot operates the drone, carrying a specially designed reflective component, to the designated location to measure the elevation of the bridge pier stones. Simultaneously, the total station operator collects data at the control point to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data. During the data collection process, the project team needs to monitor the drone's flight status in real time to ensure the drone performs its mission safely and stably.

[0045] After the reflector is in place, the drone is in a semi-descent hovering state. The purpose of the semi-descent is to prevent the hoisting components from being taut, so as to avoid the aircraft swinging during hovering and causing disturbance to the reflector. Once a point is measured, the aircraft will ascend to carry out the flight operation at the next point.

[0046] (3) Data verification phase: The collected data can be used to calculate the elevation value of each pad stone. The project team reviews the data to ensure the accuracy of the measured data. If there is any abnormal data, the cause must be investigated in time and corresponding measures must be taken to correct it. After comparing and analyzing the data of 24 pad stones of the two cap beams using the traditional centering rod method and the data measured by the UAV hoisting reflective component, only one deviation value was 2mm, and the others were all within ±1mm, which can be understood as the results of the two methods being consistent. As shown in the table below.

[0047] Comparison table of experimental data

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] The lightweight measuring reflective component and lightweight hoisting component of this application, through comparison between the device of this application and manual operation, show that the difference between the device of this application and manual operation is within ±2mm, which meets the requirements of engineering specifications and can be used for measuring the data of the foundation stone.

[0051] The foregoing basic examples and their further alternative examples can be freely combined to form multiple embodiments, all of which are embodiments that can be adopted and claimed in this application. In the scheme of this application, each alternative example can be arbitrarily combined with any other basic example and alternative example.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A UAV-based stone paving measurement device, comprising a total station (1) and a UAV (2), characterized in that: The drone (2) is connected to the reflective assembly (4) via the hoisting assembly (3); the reflective assembly (4) includes a support base (401) and a 360° prism (402), with the 360° prism (402) located on the upper part of the support base (401).

2. The UAV-based stone-laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total station (1) has a prism measurement function.

3. The UAV bed stone measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The drone (2) has RTK functionality.

4. The UAV-based stone-laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hoisting assembly (3) includes an upper hoisting hole (201), a hoisting rope (301), and a lower hoisting hole (404). The upper hoisting hole (201) is located on the drone (2), the lower hoisting hole (404) is located on the reflective assembly (4), and the hoisting rope (301) is connected between the upper hoisting hole (201) and the lower hoisting hole (404).

5. The UAV bed stone measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The unmanned aerial vehicle (2) is provided with an upper mounting hole (201), and the reflective component (4) is provided with four lower mounting holes (404) evenly distributed along the circumference.

6. The UAV-based stone-laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support base (401) is a frustum-shaped structure, and a counterweight is provided at the bottom of the support base (401).

7. The UAV-based stone-supporting device for measuring stones according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the support base (401) is provided with magnetic legs (403).

8. The UAV bed stone measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The magnetic support leg (403) has four legs evenly distributed along the circumference.

9. The UAV bed stone measuring device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The magnetic support leg (403) is a cylindrical structure.

10. The UAV bed stone measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the 360° prism (402) is provided with a connecting screw (405), which is threadedly connected to the connecting screw hole at the top of the support base (401).

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