Multi-parameter adjustable simulation experiment device for bridge pier impacted by debris flow

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of civil engineering experiments, in particular to a multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact bridge pier simulation experiment device which comprises an inclined sliding groove assembly, a horizontal sliding groove assembly, a bridge pier model, a valve mechanism and a data acquisition system, and the outlet end of the inclined sliding groove assembly is connected with the inlet end of the horizontal sliding groove assembly to form a debris flow movement channel; the valve mechanism is arranged in the inclined sliding groove assembly and used for blocking or releasing debris flow, the gradient of the inclined sliding groove assembly is adjustable, the pier model is arranged on the horizontal sliding groove assembly and can rotate around the vertical axis and be locked, and the position of the pier model can be adjusted in the length direction of the horizontal sliding groove assembly. According to the utility model, through the gradient adjustment of the inclined chute assembly, the position adjustment of the pier model along the horizontal chute and the rotation function of the pier model around the vertical shaft, the cooperative control of the gradient of a debris flow motion path, the impact distance and the collision angle of the pier is realized; the spatial dynamic interaction process of the debris flow and the bridge pier in the real terrain can be more accurately reproduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of civil engineering experimental technology, and in particular to a multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact bridge pier simulation experimental device. Background Technology

[0002] The study of the impact damage mechanism of debris flows on bridge piers is a key issue in geological disaster prevention engineering. Existing experimental devices mostly employ a combination of fixed-angle chutes and static pier models. For example, traditional devices simulate different impact energies by adjusting the chute length or debris accumulation height, but the chute slope, pier position, and impact angle are all fixed, leading to significant deviations between the experimental conditions and the multidirectional, dynamic impact process of debris flows in real terrain. Furthermore, due to reliance on contact-type mechanical sensors and manual observation, such devices struggle to simultaneously acquire the debris flow trajectory and the three-dimensional mechanical response of the pier, resulting in insufficient spatiotemporal correlation of experimental data. To address these issues, there is an urgent need to develop an experimental device that integrates rapid adjustment of multiple parameters and high-precision synchronous measurement, providing an evaluation platform that more closely approximates real disaster scenarios for the impact resistance design of bridge piers. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device to achieve multi-dimensional parameter adjustment of debris flow impact piers and improve the simulation accuracy of debris flow impact experiments.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: a multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device, including an inclined chute assembly, a horizontal chute assembly, a pier model, a valve mechanism, and a data acquisition system. The outlet end of the inclined chute assembly is connected to the inlet end of the horizontal chute assembly to form a debris flow movement channel. The valve mechanism is set in the inclined chute assembly to block or release the debris flow. The slope of the inclined chute assembly is adjustable. The pier model is set on the horizontal chute assembly and can rotate and lock around the vertical axis. The position of the pier model can be adjusted along the length direction of the horizontal chute assembly. The data acquisition system includes a multi-dimensional force sensor set at the bottom of the pier model, a first image acquisition device set above the inclined chute assembly, a second image acquisition device set on one side of the horizontal chute assembly, and a displacement measurement unit set on the other side of the horizontal chute assembly.

[0005] Preferably, the inclined chute assembly includes a gantry frame and an inclined chute. A side plate is fixedly connected to each side of the inclined chute, and the side plate is spaced from the outer wall of the inclined chute. The side plate is provided with an arc-shaped through hole. A first fastening bolt passes through the gantry frame and the arc-shaped through hole. By swinging the inclined chute, the first fastening bolt can be moved along the arc-shaped through hole, thereby adjusting the slope of the inclined chute. The first fastening bolt, in conjunction with a nut, can fix the side plate to the gantry frame to maintain the slope of the inclined chute. The outlet end of the inclined chute rests on the inlet end of the horizontal chute assembly.

[0006] More preferably, the valve mechanism includes a valve plate disposed in an inclined slide groove and extending upward therefrom. Adjustment through holes are respectively provided on both sides of the upper edge of the inclined slide groove along the length direction. A shaft is inserted through the middle of the valve plate along its width direction. The two ends of the shaft extend out of the valve plate and pass through the adjustment through holes on the corresponding sides. The valve plate can rotate around the shaft. The two ends of the shaft are respectively provided with threaded holes and the threaded holes are connected to second fastening bolts. The shaft can move along the adjustment through holes to adjust the position of the valve plate, thereby realizing the control of the debris flow impact distance. Rotating the second fastening bolt can make its head press against the edge of the adjustment through hole, thereby fixing the shaft at any position of the adjustment through hole.

[0007] More preferably, a cantilever is fixedly connected to each of the two sides of the upper part of the valve plate, and an adjustable support arm is connected to each of the two sides of the gantry frame. One end of the cantilever passes vertically through the support arm on the corresponding side. The support arm can rotate around the axis of the cantilever within a certain angle range. Vertical through holes are provided on both sides of the gantry frame. The support arm is fixed at any height position of the vertical through hole by a third fastening bolt. Rotating the third fastening bolt can lock or loosen the support arm, thereby restricting the rotation of the valve plate or enabling the valve plate to flip.

[0008] More preferably, the support arm is provided with a strip-shaped positioning hole along its length direction. The third fastening bolt passes through the vertical through hole and the strip-shaped positioning hole to fix the support arm to the gantry frame. The position of the valve plate can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the third fastening bolt in the vertical through hole to match the position of the strip-shaped positioning hole. The third fastening bolt is connected to a first fastening nut and a second fastening nut. The first fastening nut is located between one side of the support arm and the gantry frame to lock the third fastening bolt in the vertical through hole. The second fastening nut is located on the other side of the support arm to press the support arm against the first fastening nut to maintain the stability of the support arm.

[0009] More preferably, the pier model includes an annular base, a pier base connected to the annular base, at least two pier structures installed on the pier base, and a bridge structure connecting the top of the pier structures. The annular base is provided with a central axis, and the pier base is rotatably connected to the central axis. The annular base and the pier base are respectively provided with a plurality of alignable connecting holes. After rotating the pier base, the pier base can be kept stable by threading the aligned connecting holes.

[0010] More preferably, the horizontal slide assembly is provided with multiple mounting slots along its length, and the annular base can be threadedly connected to any mounting slot to adjust the position of the pier model in the horizontal slide assembly.

[0011] More preferably, the multi-dimensional force sensor is a six-dimensional force sensor, and the multi-dimensional force sensor is installed at the bottom of the bridge pier structure.

[0012] More preferably, the side panels of the horizontal slide assembly are transparent acrylic sheets, and the ends of the side panels of the inclined slide assembly extend into the horizontal slide assembly.

[0013] More preferably, the end of the horizontal chute assembly is further provided with a baffle to prevent debris from flowing out.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0015] By adjusting the slope of the inclined chute assembly, adjusting the position of the pier model along the horizontal chute, and locking its rotation around the vertical axis, the coordinated control of the slope of the debris flow path, the impact distance, and the impact angle of the pier is achieved. This breaks through the limitation of single parameter adjustment in traditional devices and can more accurately reproduce the spatial dynamic interaction process between debris flow and pier in real terrain.

[0016] The measurement system, consisting of a multi-dimensional force sensor, a dual-view image acquisition device, and a displacement measurement unit, can simultaneously acquire spatiotemporal correlation data of the three-dimensional components of the impact force, the trajectory of the debris flow, the particle deposition morphology, and the displacement response of the bridge pier in a single experiment. This solves the problem of dynamic parameter mismatch caused by traditional step-by-step measurement and significantly reduces the calculation error of impact pressure. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in the embodiment;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bridge pier model in the embodiment;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the valve mechanism in the embodiment.

[0020] In the picture:

[0021] 1 - Inclined chute assembly; 2 - Horizontal chute assembly; 3 - Pier model

[0022] 4 – Valve Mechanism; 5 – Multi-dimensional Force Sensor; 6 – First Image Acquisition Device

[0023] 7 — Second image acquisition device; 8 — Displacement measurement unit

[0024] 1a - Gantry frame; 1b - Inclined slide; 1c - Side plate

[0025] 1d – Arc-shaped through hole; 1e – First fastening bolt; 1f – Vertical through hole

[0026] 2a – Mounting slot; 2b – Baffle; 3a – Annular base

[0027] 3b – Pier base; 3c – Pier structure; 3d – Bridge structure

[0028] 3e – Central shaft; 4a – Valve plate; 4b – Adjustment through hole

[0029] 4c – Second fastening bolt; 4d – Cantilever; 4e – Support arm

[0030] 4f – Third fastening bolt; 4g – Strip-shaped positioning hole; 4h – First fastening nut

[0031] 4i – Second fastening nut. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The content mentioned in the embodiments is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted in advance that, in this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "on" or "below" a second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features not in direct contact but through another feature between them.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact simulation experimental device for bridge piers includes an inclined chute assembly 1, a horizontal chute assembly 2, a bridge pier model 3, a valve mechanism 4, and a data acquisition system. The outlet end of the inclined chute assembly 1 is connected to the inlet end of the horizontal chute assembly 2 to form a debris flow movement channel. The valve mechanism 4 is installed in the inclined chute assembly 1 to block or release the debris flow. The slope of the inclined chute assembly 1 is adjustable. The bridge pier model 3 is installed on the horizontal chute assembly 2 and can rotate and lock around the vertical axis. The position of the bridge pier model 3 can be adjusted along the length direction of the horizontal chute assembly 2. The data acquisition system includes a multi-dimensional force sensor 5 installed at the bottom of the bridge pier model 3, a first image acquisition device 6 installed above the inclined chute assembly 1, a second image acquisition device 7 installed on one side of the horizontal chute assembly 2, and a displacement measurement unit 8 installed on the other side of the horizontal chute assembly 2.

[0035] In the above structure, the inclined chute assembly 1 includes a gantry frame 1a and an inclined chute 1b. A side plate 1c is fixedly connected to each side of the inclined chute 1b, with a gap between the side plate 1c and the outer wall of the inclined chute 1b. The side plate 1c has an arc-shaped through hole 1d. A first fastening bolt 1e passes through the gantry frame 1a and the arc-shaped through hole 1d. By swinging the inclined chute 1b, the first fastening bolt 1e can move along the arc-shaped through hole 1d, thereby adjusting the slope of the inclined chute 1b. The first fastening bolt 1e, in conjunction with a nut, can fix the side plate 1c to the gantry frame 1a, thus maintaining the slope of the inclined chute 1b. The outlet end of the inclined chute 1b rests on the inlet end of the horizontal chute assembly 2. The gap between the side plate 1c and the outer wall of the inclined chute 1b forms a rigid support cavity, ensuring structural strength. The tightness of the nut can be easily adjusted by reaching into the cavity, thereby adjusting the slope of the inclined slide 1b. The overlapping design between the outlet end of the inclined slide 1b and the horizontal slide assembly 2 avoids leakage of debris at the joint when adjusting the slope, ensuring the continuity of the debris flow channel.

[0036] The valve mechanism 4 in this embodiment includes a valve plate 4a disposed within an inclined slide groove 1b and extending upwards. Adjustment through holes 4b are respectively provided on both sides of the upper edge of the inclined slide groove 1b along its length direction. A shaft is inserted through the middle of the valve plate 4a along its width direction. Both ends of the shaft extend from the valve plate 4a and pass through the corresponding adjustment through holes 4b. The valve plate 4a can rotate around the shaft. Threaded holes are respectively opened at both ends of the shaft, and second fastening bolts 4c are connected to the threaded holes. The shaft can move along the adjustment through holes 4b to adjust the position of the valve plate 4a, thereby controlling the impact distance of the debris flow. By rotating the second fastening bolt 4c, its head can be pressed against the edge of the adjustment through hole 4b, thus fixing the shaft at any position in the adjustment through hole 4b.

[0037] Among them, a cantilever 4d is fixedly connected to each of the two sides of the upper part of the valve plate 4a, and an adjustable support arm 4e is connected to each of the two sides of the gantry frame 1a. One end of the cantilever 4d passes vertically through the support arm 4e on the corresponding side. The support arm 4e can rotate around the axis of the cantilever 4d within a certain angle range. Vertical through holes 1f are vertically provided on both sides of the gantry frame 1a. The support arm 4e is fixed at any height position of the vertical through hole 1f by the third fastening bolt 4f. Rotating the third fastening bolt 4f can lock or loosen the support arm 4e, thereby restricting the rotation of the valve plate 4a or enabling the valve plate 4a to be flipped.

[0038] The support arm 4e has a strip-shaped positioning hole 4g ​​along its length. The third fastening bolt 4f passes through the vertical through hole 1f and the strip-shaped positioning hole 4g ​​to fix the support arm 4e to the gantry frame 1a. The position of the valve plate 4a can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the third fastening bolt 4f in the vertical through hole 1f to match the position of the strip-shaped positioning hole 4g. The third fastening bolt 4f is connected to a first fastening nut 4h and a second fastening nut 4i. The first fastening nut 4h is located between one side of the support arm 4e and the gantry frame 1a to lock the third fastening bolt 4f in the vertical through hole 1f. The second fastening nut 4i is located on the other side of the support arm 4e to press the support arm 4e against the first fastening nut 4h to maintain the stability of the support arm 4e.

[0039] The principle of adjusting the slope of the inclined chute 1b through the above structure is roughly as follows: First, manually loosen the nut of the first fastening bolt 1e, and loosen the first fastening nut 4h and the second fastening nut 4i. Then, keep the end of the inclined chute 1b against the horizontal chute assembly 2, and then flip the upper end of the inclined chute 1b downward. During this process, while the gantry 1a remains stationary, the arc-shaped through hole 1d can move relative to the first fastening bolt 1e. At the same time, the inclined chute 1b will also drive the valve plate 4a to move downward together. After adjusting the angle, re-tighten the first fastening bolt 1e and its nut to fix the inclined chute 1b at the adjusted slope. Slightly adjust the valve plate 4a to keep it vertical, and then tighten the third fastening bolt 4f, the first fastening nut 4h, and the second fastening nut 4i to keep the support arm 4e stable, thereby supporting the cantilever 4d and achieving the purpose of restricting the rotation of the valve plate 4a.

[0040] After adjusting the slope, debris flow objects, such as fine sand and pebbles, can be loaded into the space between the upper end of the inclined chute 1b and the valve plate 4a. Before releasing, the operator can stabilize the valve plate 4a to prevent it from rotating, and then loosen the second fastening nut 4i to release the lock on the support arm 4e. At this point, the experiment can officially begin. After manually releasing the valve plate 4a, the valve plate 4a reverses due to the gravity of the debris flow, allowing the debris flow to slide down the inclined chute 1b with an initial velocity close to nature, thus simulating a landslide. When the valve plate 4a flips, the cantilever 4d at its upper end flips synchronously, causing the support arm 4e to swing. When the support arm 4e swings, its strip positioning hole 4g ​​can move relative to the third fastening bolt 4f, allowing the support arm 4e to swing smoothly. After the debris flow enters the horizontal chute assembly 2, it impacts the pier model 3. During this process, the first image acquisition device 6, the second image acquisition device 7, and the displacement measurement unit 8 record the corresponding data, thereby completing the simulation experiment.

[0041] The first image acquisition device 6 described above is used to capture a sequence of top-view images, and the second image acquisition device 7 is used to capture a side view. These can be analyzed using the open-access Article Image Velocity (PIV) analysis tool (PIVlab 2.46), developed by Thelicke and Stamhuis (2014). Based on these image sequences, the impact pressure of the particles is estimated using theoretical empirical formulas. Then, the depositional behavior of the gravel is photographed, and three-dimensional depositional conditions can be obtained using oblique photogrammetry. Those skilled in the art should know that existing technologies can be used to obtain data related to bridge piers when simulating debris flow impacts. The inventive point of this application does not lie in this, but rather in the improvement of the mechanical structure for adjusting the slope and the rotation and position of the bridge piers. Therefore, the technical means of data acquisition will not be elaborated upon.

[0042] To achieve the rotational adjustment of the bridge pier model itself, the bridge pier model 3 in this embodiment includes an annular base 3a, a bridge pier base 3b connected to the annular base 3a, at least two bridge pier structures 3c installed on the bridge pier base 3b, and a bridge structure 3d connected to the top of the bridge pier structures 3c. The annular base 3a is provided with a central shaft 3e, and the bridge pier base 3b is rotatably connected to the central shaft 3e. The annular base 3a and the bridge pier base 3b are respectively provided with multiple alignable connection holes. After rotating the bridge pier base 3b, the stability of the bridge pier base 3b can be maintained by threading the aligned connection holes. Among them, the multi-dimensional force sensor 5 is a six-dimensional force sensor. The multi-dimensional force sensor 5 is installed at the bottom of the bridge pier structure 3c and can obtain the force and torque in three directions when the bridge pier is impacted.

[0043] Furthermore, the horizontal slide assembly 2 is provided with multiple mounting slots 2a along its length, and the annular base 3a can be threadedly connected to any mounting slot 2a to adjust the position of the pier model 3 in the horizontal slide assembly 2.

[0044] Furthermore, both sides of the inclined slide assembly 1 and the horizontal slide assembly 2 are made of transparent acrylic sheets, and the ends of the side panels of the inclined slide assembly 1 extend into the horizontal slide assembly 2. The end of the horizontal slide assembly 2 is also provided with a baffle 2b to prevent debris from flowing out.

[0045] The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device provided by the above-described embodiments achieves precise multi-dimensional parameter control of debris flow impacting piers through mechanical linkage and modular design, significantly improving the simulation accuracy and operational efficiency of debris flow impact experiments. Through three degrees of freedom adjustment of slope, position, and angle, it can reproduce the spatial dynamic interaction process between debris flow and piers in complex terrain, breaking through the limitations of traditional devices that only adjust a single parameter, and can more accurately reproduce the spatial dynamic interaction process between debris flow and piers in real terrain.

[0046] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art of the improvements of this utility model compared to the prior art, some of the accompanying drawings and descriptions of this utility model have been simplified. The above embodiments are preferred implementations of this utility model. In addition, this utility model can be implemented in other ways. Any obvious substitutions without departing from the concept of this technical solution are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact simulation experimental device for bridge piers, characterized in that: The system includes an inclined chute assembly (1), a horizontal chute assembly (2), a pier model (3), a valve mechanism (4), and a data acquisition system. The outlet end of the inclined chute assembly (1) is connected to the inlet end of the horizontal chute assembly (2) to form a debris flow channel. The valve mechanism (4) is installed in the inclined chute assembly (1) to block or release the debris flow. The slope of the inclined chute assembly (1) is adjustable. The pier model (3) is installed on the horizontal chute assembly (2) and can rotate and lock around the vertical axis. The position of the pier model (3) can be adjusted along the length direction of the horizontal chute assembly (2). The data acquisition system includes a multi-dimensional force sensor (5) installed at the bottom of the pier model (3), a first image acquisition device (6) installed above the inclined chute assembly (1), a second image acquisition device (7) installed on one side of the horizontal chute assembly (2), and a displacement measurement unit (8) installed on the other side of the horizontal chute assembly (2).

2. The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined chute assembly (1) includes a gantry frame (1a) and an inclined chute (1b). A side plate (1c) is fixedly connected to each side of the inclined chute (1b), and the side plate (1c) is spaced from the outer wall of the inclined chute (1b). The side plate (1c) is provided with an arc-shaped through hole (1d). A first fastening bolt (1e) passes through the gantry frame (1a) and the arc-shaped through hole (1d). By swinging the inclined chute (1b), the first fastening bolt (1e) can move along the arc-shaped through hole (1d), thereby adjusting the slope of the inclined chute (1b). The first fastening bolt (1e) and the nut can fix the side plate (1c) to the gantry frame (1a) to maintain the slope of the inclined chute (1b). The outlet end of the inclined chute (1b) rests on the inlet end of the horizontal chute assembly (2).

3. The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The valve mechanism (4) includes a valve plate (4a) disposed in an inclined slide groove (1b) and extending upward. Adjustment through holes (4b) are respectively provided on both sides of the upper edge of the inclined slide groove (1b) along the length direction. A shaft is provided in the middle of the valve plate (4a) along its width direction. The two ends of the shaft extend out of the valve plate (4a) and pass through the adjustment through holes (4b) on the corresponding side. The valve plate (4a) can rotate around the shaft. The two ends of the shaft are respectively provided with threaded holes and the threaded holes are connected to a second fastening bolt (4c). The shaft can move along the adjustment through hole (4b) to adjust the position of the valve plate (4a), thereby realizing the control of the impact distance of the debris flow. Rotating the second fastening bolt (4c) can make its head press against the edge of the adjustment through hole (4b), so that the shaft can be fixed at any position of the adjustment through hole (4b).

4. The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact bridge pier simulation experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A cantilever (4d) is fixedly connected to each of the two sides of the upper part of the valve plate (4a). An adjustable support arm (4e) is connected to each of the two sides of the gantry frame (1a). One end of the cantilever (4d) passes vertically through the support arm (4e) on the corresponding side. The support arm (4e) can rotate around the axis of the cantilever (4d) within a certain angle range. Vertical through holes (1f) are vertically provided on both sides of the gantry frame (1a). The support arm (4e) is fixed at any height position of the vertical through hole (1f) by the third fastening bolt (4f). Rotating the third fastening bolt (4f) can lock or loosen the support arm (4e), thereby restricting the rotation of the valve plate (4a) or enabling the valve plate (4a) to be flipped.

5. The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support arm (4e) is provided with a strip-shaped positioning hole (4g) along its length direction. The third fastening bolt (4f) passes through the vertical through hole (1f) and the strip-shaped positioning hole (4g) to fix the support arm (4e) to the gantry frame (1a). The position of the valve plate (4a) can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the third fastening bolt (4f) in the vertical through hole (1f) and the position of the strip-shaped positioning hole (4g). The third fastening bolt (4f) is connected to a first fastening nut (4h) and a second fastening nut (4i). The first fastening nut (4h) is located between one side of the support arm (4e) and the gantry frame (1a) to lock the third fastening bolt (4f) in the vertical through hole (1f). The second fastening nut (4i) is located on the other side of the support arm (4e) to press the support arm (4e) against the first fastening nut (4h) to maintain the stability of the support arm (4e).

6. The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pier model (3) includes an annular base (3a), a pier base (3b) connected to the annular base (3a), at least two pier structures (3c) installed on the pier base (3b), and a bridge structure (3d) connected to the top of the pier structures (3c). The annular base (3a) is provided with a central axis (3e), and the pier base (3b) is rotatably connected to the central axis (3e). The annular base (3a) and the pier base (3b) are respectively provided with a plurality of alignable connecting holes. After rotating the pier base (3b), the pier base (3b) can be kept stable by threading the aligned connecting holes.

7. The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The horizontal slide assembly (2) has multiple mounting slots (2a) along its length direction. The annular base (3a) can be threadedly connected to any mounting slot (2a) to adjust the position of the pier model (3) in the horizontal slide assembly (2).

8. The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact bridge pier simulation experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multidimensional force sensor (5) is a six-dimensional force sensor, and the multidimensional force sensor (5) is installed at the bottom of the pier structure (3c).

9. The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side panels of the horizontal slide assembly (2) are transparent acrylic sheets, and the ends of the side panels of the inclined slide assembly (1) extend into the horizontal slide assembly (2).

10. The multi-parameter adjustable debris flow impact pier simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the horizontal chute assembly (2) is also provided with a baffle (2b) to prevent debris from flowing out.

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