Sensor, battery device and electric equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to a sensor, a battery device and electric equipment. The sensor includes: a substrate; the insulating layer is arranged on one side of the substrate in a stacked mode, and an opening is formed in the insulating layer; the temperature sensitive element is arranged in the opening; the pressure sensitive element is arranged on the side, back on to the substrate, of the insulating layer, and the orthographic projection, on the insulating layer, of the pressure sensitive element is located outside the opening. When the sensor is used for detecting the temperature and the pressure of the single battery, the influence of the strain generated when the pressure sensitive element is pressed on the strain of the temperature sensitive element can be reduced, so that the interference of the pressure sensitive element on the detection of the temperature sensitive element can be reduced; and the accuracy of the temperature detection result of the single battery in the battery device can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery monitoring, in particular to a sensor, a battery device and an electrical equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of charging and discharging of high specific energy batteries, the temperature inside the battery rises sharply in a short time, resulting in an increase in the internal pressure of the battery. When the pressure reaches a certain level, the battery begins to swell. If the swelling pressure exceeds the bearing strength of the battery shell and the pressure relief valve, liquid leakage, fire, and even explosion will occur. The change of swelling pressure and temperature of the battery is an important physical characteristic before thermal runaway and even explosion of the lithium battery. Therefore, it is particularly important to detect the pressure and temperature on the surface of the battery monomer in the battery device, obtain the change data of the swelling pressure and temperature, and establish an early warning algorithm based on the data.

[0003] Among them, since the pressure and temperature on the surface of the battery monomer are not uniformly distributed, therefore, using a pressure-temperature integrated sensor array to adhere to the surface of the battery monomer for real-time monitoring is a relatively common solution. However, the pressure-temperature integrated sensor array in the related art is prone to the problem of poor accuracy of the temperature detection result of the battery monomer in the battery device. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a sensor, a battery device and an electrical equipment, which can reduce the influence of the strain of the pressure sensitive element under pressure on the strain of the temperature sensitive element, and further reduce the interference of the pressure sensitive element with the detection of the temperature sensitive element, thereby improving the accuracy of the temperature detection result of the battery monomer in the battery device.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a sensor, which comprises:

[0006] a substrate;

[0007] an insulating layer, which is arranged on one side of the substrate, and is provided with an opening;

[0008] a temperature sensitive element, which is arranged in the opening;

[0009] a pressure sensitive element, which is arranged on the side of the insulating layer away from the substrate;

[0010] Among them, the orthographic projection of the pressure sensitive element on the insulating layer is located outside the opening.

[0011] In the aforementioned sensor, since the pressure-sensitive element is located on the side of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate, and the temperature-sensitive element is located within an opening in the insulating layer, the pressure-sensitive element and the temperature-sensitive element are arranged in layers along the stacking direction of the substrate and the insulating layer. Therefore, the lateral strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element is transmitted on the side of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate, and is less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element within the opening of the insulating layer. Because the orthogonal projection of the pressure-sensitive element onto the insulating layer is located outside the opening, the projection of the pressure-sensitive element onto the insulating layer does not overlap with that of the temperature-sensitive element. Thus, the longitudinal strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element is also less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element when transmitted towards the insulating layer. Therefore, when the aforementioned sensor is used to detect the temperature and pressure of a battery cell, it can reduce the influence of the strain generated by pressure on the strain of the temperature-sensitive element, thereby reducing interference between the pressure-sensitive element and the temperature-sensitive element, and ultimately improving the accuracy of the temperature detection results of the battery cells within the battery device.

[0012] In some embodiments, the surface of the temperature-sensitive element facing away from the substrate is lower than the surface of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate. This creates a height difference between the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element in the stacking direction of the insulating layer and the substrate. Consequently, if the pressure-sensitive element experiences lateral strain, all of this strain is transmitted to the side of the temperature-sensitive element facing away from the substrate, further reducing the likelihood of the lateral strain of the pressure-sensitive element being transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element.

[0013] In some embodiments, the surface of the temperature-sensitive element facing away from the substrate is flush with the surface of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate. Thus, the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are also arranged in layers, thereby reducing the likelihood of lateral strain from the pressure-sensitive element being transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element.

[0014] In some embodiments, the sensor further includes: a cover plate disposed on the side of the pressure-sensitive element facing away from the insulating layer; and at least one support unit located between the insulating layer and the cover plate.

[0015] The support unit is provided corresponding to the opening, and the support unit is constructed to be arranged at least partially around the axis of the corresponding opening to define a cavity that communicates with the corresponding opening.

[0016] With the support of the support unit, even if the sensor is subjected to pressure, the cavity is not easy to collapse. Therefore, the temperature sensing element is not easily subjected to the pressure of the cover plate, which can minimize the impact of the pressure on the sensor on the temperature sensing element inside the opening, thereby further improving the detection accuracy of the temperature sensing element.

[0017] In some embodiments, the support unit includes at least a first support portion and a second support portion; at least a portion of the first support portion and at least a portion of the second support portion are disposed opposite to each other. This allows the support unit to be more reliably supported between the insulation layer and the cover plate, and the cavity is less likely to collapse under pressure.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first support portion and the second support portion are disposed opposite each other on both sides of the corresponding opening. This allows the support unit to be more reliably supported between the insulation layer and the cover plate, preventing the cavity from collapsing under pressure.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first support portion and the second support portion are spaced apart from each other.

[0020] In some embodiments, there are multiple temperature-sensitive elements, multiple openings, and multiple pressure-sensitive elements; the multiple temperature-sensitive elements are disposed within the multiple openings. By using multiple temperature-sensitive elements and multiple pressure-sensitive elements, a larger area of ​​the battery cell surface can be monitored, thereby increasing the monitoring area and improving monitoring accuracy.

[0021] In some embodiments, the sensor further includes:

[0022] A temperature-sensitive electrode pair, corresponding to a temperature-sensitive element, is provided. Each temperature-sensitive electrode pair includes a first temperature-sensitive electrode and a second temperature-sensitive electrode, which are respectively connected to their respective temperature-sensitive elements.

[0023] A pressure-sensitive electrode pair is provided, corresponding to a pressure-sensitive element. The pressure-sensitive electrode pair includes a first pressure-sensitive electrode and a second pressure-sensitive electrode, and the first temperature-sensitive electrode and the second temperature-sensitive electrode are respectively connected to the corresponding pressure-sensitive element.

[0024] By connecting the readout circuit to the first and second temperature-sensitive electrodes, the voltage change between them can be obtained, thereby enabling temperature measurement. Similarly, by connecting the readout circuit to the first and second pressure-sensitive electrodes, the voltage change between them can be obtained, thereby enabling pressure measurement.

[0025] In some embodiments, the temperature-sensitive electrode pair is disposed between the substrate and the insulating layer. By disposing the temperature-sensitive electrode pair between the substrate and the insulating layer, the temperature-sensitive electrode pair does not interfere with the pressure-sensitive electrode pair and the pressure-sensitive element, facilitating the connection and lead-out of the temperature-sensitive electrode pair to the temperature-sensitive element.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first pressure-sensitive electrode is located between the pressure-sensitive element and the insulating layer; the second pressure-sensitive electrode is located on the side of the pressure-sensitive element facing away from the insulating layer.

[0027] Compared to a transverse resistive structure, this embodiment uses a longitudinal resistive structure for the pressure-sensitive element, with the first and second pressure-sensitive electrodes located at the longitudinal ends of the pressure-sensitive element, thereby enabling a larger pressure detection range.

[0028] In some embodiments, the sensor includes a plurality of temperature-sensitive elements and a plurality of pressure-sensitive elements. The plurality of temperature-sensitive elements and the plurality of pressure-sensitive elements are arranged to form multiple rows and multiple columns of sensitive elements; each row of sensitive elements includes a plurality of temperature-sensitive elements and a plurality of pressure-sensitive elements arranged along a first direction; each column of sensitive elements includes a plurality of temperature-sensitive elements and a plurality of pressure-sensitive elements arranged along a second direction; wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect.

[0029] This allows for the presence of temperature-sensitive and pressure-sensitive elements in each row and column, enabling a relatively uniform distribution of these elements across various areas of the battery cell surface. Consequently, comprehensive and effective temperature and pressure detection can be achieved across all areas of the battery cell surface.

[0030] In some embodiments, in each row of sensitive elements, temperature sensitive elements and pressure sensitive elements are arranged alternately along a first direction; in each column of sensitive elements, temperature sensitive elements and pressure sensitive elements are arranged alternately along a second direction. This allows the temperature and pressure sensitive elements to be evenly distributed, enabling comprehensive testing of all areas of the battery cell surface.

[0031] In some embodiments, the sensor further includes:

[0032] Multiple row leads, one row lead corresponds to one row of sensitive elements, and multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to the corresponding row lead;

[0033] Multiple first-column leads are located between the insulating layer and the substrate. Each first-column lead corresponds to a column of sensitive elements. Multiple second temperature-sensitive electrodes corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements in each column of sensitive elements are respectively connected to a corresponding first-column lead.

[0034] Multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes in the same row can be connected by row leads, and multiple second temperature-sensitive electrodes in the same column can be connected by first column leads. By connecting multiple row leads and multiple first column leads to the readout circuit, the readout circuit can be simultaneously connected to the temperature-sensitive electrode pairs in multiple rows and columns of sensitive elements, thus facilitating the readout circuit to read the temperature measurement results at each location.

[0035] In some embodiments, the plurality of first pressure-sensitive electrodes corresponding to the plurality of pressure-sensitive elements in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to a corresponding row lead;

[0036] The sensor also includes multiple second column leads, which are located on the side of the pressure-sensitive element away from the insulating layer. Each second column lead corresponds to a column of sensitive elements, and the multiple second pressure-sensitive electrodes corresponding to the multiple pressure-sensitive elements in each column of sensitive elements are respectively connected to the corresponding second column lead.

[0037] In this embodiment, the row leads not only connect multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes in the same row, but also multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes in the same row. Thus, multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes and multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes in the same row can be connected simultaneously through the same row leads, thereby facilitating the connection of multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes and multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes in the same row to the readout circuit using the same row leads.

[0038] In some embodiments, the row lead includes a lead body and a plurality of first protrusions disposed on the lead body;

[0039] The lead body is located between the pressure-sensitive element and the insulating layer; the multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes corresponding to the multiple pressure-sensitive elements in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to the lead body of the corresponding row of leads;

[0040] Multiple first protrusions are respectively disposed in the insulating layer; multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to multiple first protrusions of a corresponding row lead.

[0041] The structure of the row leads in this embodiment facilitates the simultaneous connection of multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes and multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes in the same row via the same row leads.

[0042] In some embodiments, the sensor further includes a plurality of first adapter electrodes located between the insulating layer and the substrate, the plurality of first adapter electrodes being respectively connected to a plurality of first temperature-sensitive electrodes; the first temperature-sensitive electrodes are connected to corresponding first protrusions via corresponding first adapter electrodes. The first adapter electrodes facilitate the connection between the first temperature-sensitive electrodes and the first protrusions.

[0043] In some embodiments, the row lead includes a lead body and a second protrusion disposed on the lead body; the lead body is located between the pressure-sensitive element and the insulating layer; the plurality of first pressure-sensitive electrodes corresponding to the plurality of pressure-sensitive elements in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to the lead body of the corresponding row lead;

[0044] The second protrusion passes through the insulating layer; the sensor also includes a plurality of second adapter electrodes located between the insulating layer and the substrate, the plurality of second adapter electrodes being connected to the plurality of second protrusions respectively; the second adapter electrodes are used to connect to the readout circuit.

[0045] The second adapter electrode is connected to the second protrusion on the lead body, and then the second adapter electrode is connected to the readout circuit via the lead wire, thereby enabling each row lead wire to be connected to the readout circuit. The second adapter electrode is located between the insulating layer and the substrate, facilitating its connection to the readout circuit via the lead wire.

[0046] In some embodiments, the sensor further includes: a plurality of first bonding electrodes and a plurality of second bonding electrodes; a first bonding electrode is disposed on each first column lead and a second bonding electrode is disposed on each second column lead; the first bonding electrode disposed on a first column lead corresponding to each column of sensitive elements is bonded to the second bonding electrode disposed on the corresponding second column lead.

[0047] By binding the first and second binding electrodes together, both can be connected to the readout circuit via leads, thus facilitating the simultaneous connection of the second column of leads and the first column of leads to the readout circuit.

[0048] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery device, including a battery case, a battery cell located inside the battery case, and any of the sensors described in the above embodiments, wherein the sensor is disposed on the outer surface of the battery cell.

[0049] In the aforementioned battery device, since the pressure-sensitive element is located on the side of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate, and the temperature-sensitive element is located within an opening in the insulating layer, the pressure-sensitive element and the temperature-sensitive element are arranged in layers along the stacking direction of the substrate and the insulating layer. Therefore, the lateral strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element is transmitted on the side of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate, and is less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element within the opening of the insulating layer. Because the projection of the pressure-sensitive element onto the insulating layer is located outside the opening, the projection of the pressure-sensitive element onto the insulating layer does not overlap with that of the temperature-sensitive element. Therefore, the longitudinal strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element is also less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element when transmitted towards the insulating layer. Thus, when the aforementioned sensor is used to detect the temperature and pressure of a battery cell, it can reduce the influence of the strain generated by pressure on the temperature-sensitive element, thereby reducing interference between the pressure-sensitive element and the temperature-sensitive element, and ultimately improving the accuracy of the temperature detection results for the battery cells within the battery device.

[0050] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including a battery management system and a battery device as claimed, wherein the battery management system is used to control the battery device to provide electrical energy to the electrical device;

[0051] The battery management system includes a readout circuit, which reads temperature and pressure data measured by sensors.

[0052] In the aforementioned electrical equipment, since the pressure-sensitive element is located on the side of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate, and the temperature-sensitive element is located within the opening of the insulating layer, the pressure-sensitive element and the temperature-sensitive element are arranged in layers along the stacking direction of the substrate and the insulating layer. Therefore, the lateral strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element is transmitted on the side of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate, and is less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element within the opening of the insulating layer. Because the projection of the pressure-sensitive element onto the insulating layer is located outside the opening, the projection of the pressure-sensitive element onto the insulating layer does not overlap with that of the temperature-sensitive element. Therefore, the longitudinal strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element is also less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element when transmitted towards the insulating layer. Thus, when the aforementioned sensor is used to detect the temperature and pressure of a battery cell, it can reduce the influence of the strain generated by pressure on the strain of the temperature-sensitive element, thereby reducing interference between the pressure-sensitive element and the temperature-sensitive element, and ultimately improving the accuracy of the temperature detection results of the battery cells within the battery device. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to some embodiments of this application.

[0055] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of a battery according to some embodiments of this application.

[0056] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell according to some embodiments of this application.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sensor according to one embodiment.

[0058] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows an exploded view of the sensor's structure.

[0059] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A partial cross-sectional view of the sensor shown.

[0060] Figure 7 for Figure 5A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the substrate, the first row of leads, the temperature-sensitive electrode pair, the first adapter electrode, the second adapter electrode, and the first bonding electrode.

[0061] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The diagram shows the connection structure between the structure shown and the insulating layer, the row leads, and the first varistor electrode.

[0062] Figure 9 for Figure 8 The diagram shows the connection structure between the structure shown, the support unit, and the pressure-sensitive element.

[0063] The reference numerals in the detailed embodiments are as follows:

[0064] XX', First direction; YY', Second direction;

[0065] 100. Base;

[0066] 200, Insulating layer; 201, Opening; 202, First via; 203, Second via;

[0067] 310. Temperature-sensitive element; 320. First temperature-sensitive electrode; 321. First transfer electrode; 330. Second temperature-sensitive electrode;

[0068] 410. Pressure-sensitive element; 420. First pressure-sensitive electrode; 430. Second pressure-sensitive electrode;

[0069] 500, cover plate;

[0070] 600, Support unit; 610, First support section; 620, Second support section;

[0071] 710, Row lead; 711, Second adapter electrode; 720, First column lead; 721, First bonding electrode; 730, Second column lead; 731, Second bonding electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0073] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0074] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0075] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0076] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0077] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0078] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0079] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0080] Currently, judging from market trends, the application of battery devices is becoming increasingly widespread. Battery devices are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but also widely applied in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars, as well as in military equipment and aerospace. With the continuous expansion of battery device applications, market demand is also constantly increasing.

[0081] During the charging and discharging process of high-energy-density batteries, the internal temperature rises rapidly in a short period of time, leading to an increase in internal pressure. When the pressure reaches a certain level, the battery begins to expand. If the expansion pressure exceeds the strength of the battery casing and pressure relief valve, leakage, fire, or even explosion can occur. Changes in battery expansion pressure and temperature are important physical characteristics preceding thermal runaway and even explosion in lithium batteries. Therefore, detecting the pressure and temperature on the surface of individual battery cells within the battery device, obtaining data on expansion pressure and temperature changes, and establishing early warning algorithms based on this data is particularly important. Since the pressure and temperature changes on the surface of individual battery cells are unevenly distributed, using an integrated pressure-temperature sensor array attached to the surface of the individual battery cells for real-time monitoring is a more ideal solution.

[0082] In related technologies, pressure-temperature integrated sensor arrays are susceptible to problems. The strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element can easily affect the strain of the temperature-sensitive element, thus interfering with its detection and leading to inaccurate temperature readings of individual battery cells within the battery device. In some solutions, the pressure-sensitive and temperature-sensitive elements are housed in the same layer of the integrated sensor array, with an isolation cavity between them to reduce the transmission of lateral strain from the pressure-sensitive element to the temperature-sensitive element. However, because the pressure-sensitive and temperature-sensitive elements are located in the same layer, the lateral strain of the pressure-sensitive element can still easily be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element, resulting in inaccurate temperature readings of the individual battery cells within the battery device.

[0083] Based on the above considerations, in order to solve the problem of poor accuracy in temperature detection results of individual cells in battery devices caused by pressure-temperature integrated sensor arrays in related technologies, this application designs a sensor in which pressure-sensitive elements and temperature-sensitive elements are arranged in layers and their positions do not overlap. This reduces the influence of strain generated by pressure on the temperature-sensitive element on the strain of the temperature-sensitive element, thereby reducing interference between the pressure-sensitive element and the temperature-sensitive element and improving the accuracy of temperature detection results of individual cells in battery devices.

[0084] The battery device disclosed in this application can be used, but is not limited to, in electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircraft. Specifically, the electrical device can be, but is not limited to, electric toys, power tools, electric vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc. By using the battery device disclosed in this application to form the power system of the electrical device, the weight of the battery device can be reduced.

[0085] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device according to some embodiments of this application.

[0086] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the structure of a vehicle 1000 according to some embodiments of this application. The vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery device 1100 is installed inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery device 1100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1000. The battery device 1100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000; for example, the battery device 1100 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 1200 and a motor 1300. The controller 1200 controls the battery device 1100 to supply power to the motor 1300, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle 1000 during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0087] In some embodiments of this application, the battery device 1100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2This is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application. The battery device 1100 includes a battery case 1110 and battery cells 1120. The battery cells 1120 are housed within the battery case 1110. The battery case 1110 provides accommodating space for the battery cells 1120, and the battery case can employ various structures. In some embodiments, the battery case 1110 may include a top cover 1112 and a housing 1111, the top cover 1112 and the housing 1111 covering each other, and the top cover 1112 and the housing 1111 together define a receiving cavity for accommodating the battery cells 1120. The housing 1111 can be a hollow structure with one open end, and the top cover 1112 can be a plate-like structure. The top cover 1112 closes onto the open side of the housing 1111 so that the top cover 1112 and the housing 1111 together define the receiving cavity. Alternatively, both the top cover 1112 and the housing 1111 can be hollow structures with one open end, and the open side of the top cover 1112 closes onto the open side of the housing 1111. Of course, the battery box 1110 formed by the top cover 1112 and the housing 1111 can be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.

[0089] In the battery device 1100, there can be multiple battery cells 1120. These multiple battery cells 1120 can be connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed configuration. A mixed configuration means that the multiple battery cells 1120 are connected in both series and parallel. The multiple battery cells 1120 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed configuration, and then the entire assembly of the multiple battery cells 1120 is housed within the battery box 1110. Alternatively, the battery device 1100 can also consist of multiple battery cells 1120 first connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed configuration to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed configuration to form a whole, which is then housed within the battery box 1110. The battery device may also include other structures; for example, it may include a busbar component for electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 1120.

[0090] Each battery cell 1120 can be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it can also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited to these. The battery cell 1120 can be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, or other shapes.

[0091] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 The diagram shows an exploded view of battery cell 1120. Battery cell 1120 refers to the smallest unit that makes up battery device 1100. Figure 3 The battery cell 1120 includes an end cap 1121, a housing 1122, a cell assembly 1123, and other functional components.

[0092] End cap 1121 refers to a component that covers the opening of housing 1122 to isolate the internal environment of battery cell 1120 from the external environment. The shape of end cap 1121 can be adapted to the shape of housing 1122 to fit it. Optionally, end cap 1121 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that end cap 1121 is not easily deformed under pressure and impact, allowing battery cell 1120 to have higher structural strength and improved safety performance. Functional components such as electrode terminals 1121a can be provided on end cap 1121. Electrode terminals 1121a can be used for electrical connection with cell assembly 1123 to output or input electrical energy from battery cell 1120. In some embodiments, end cap 1121 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of battery cell 1120 reaches a threshold. The end cap 1121 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and this application embodiment does not impose any special limitations on this. In some embodiments, an insulating structure may also be provided on the inner side of the end cap 1121. The insulating structure can be used to isolate the electrical connection components inside the housing 1122 from the end cap 1121 to reduce the risk of short circuit. For example, the insulating structure can be plastic, rubber, etc.

[0093] The housing 1122 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 1121 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 1120. This internal environment can accommodate the cell assembly 1123, electrolyte, and other components. The housing 1122 and the end cap 1121 can be independent components. An opening can be provided on the housing 1122, and the end cap 1121 can be used to close the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 1120. Alternatively, the end cap 1121 and the housing 1122 can be integrated. Specifically, the end cap 1121 and the housing 1122 can form a common connecting surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When it is necessary to encapsulate the interior of the housing 1122, the end cap 1121 closes the housing 1122. The housing 1122 can have various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylindrical, or hexagonal prism. Specifically, the shape of the housing 1122 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the cell assembly 1123. The shell 1122 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc. This application embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0094] The cell assembly 1123 is the component in the battery cell 1120 where the electrochemical reaction occurs. The casing 1122 may contain one or more cell assemblies 1123. The cell assembly 1123 is mainly formed by stacking composite strips 400, which are formed by thermally bonding a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator disposed between the positive and negative electrode sheets. The portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets containing active material constitute the main body of the cell assembly 1123, while the portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets without active material each constitute a tab. The positive and negative tabs may be located together at one end of the main body or separately at both ends of the main body. During the charging and discharging process of the battery device 1100, the positive and negative active materials react with the electrolyte, and the tabs connect to the electrode terminals 1121a to form a current circuit.

[0095] Please combine Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a sensor according to one embodiment is shown. Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 The diagram shows an exploded view of the sensor's structure. Figure 6 It shows Figure 4 A partial cross-sectional view of the sensor shown.

[0096] The sensor provided in this embodiment includes a substrate 100, an insulating layer 200, a temperature-sensitive element 310, and a pressure-sensitive element 410. The insulating layer 200 is stacked on one side of the substrate 100 and has an opening 201. The temperature-sensitive element 310 is disposed within the opening 201. The pressure-sensitive element 410 is disposed on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and the orthographic projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 on the insulating layer 200 is located outside the opening 201.

[0097] Optionally, the substrate 100 is made of a flexible material, i.e., a flexible substrate. The material used for the substrate 100 can be a polyimide (PI) film, or other flexible materials; there are no restrictions on this. The substrate 100 serves as the supporting substrate for each layer of the sensor structure. In the actual processing of the sensor, the substrate 100 can be ultrasonically cleaned using an ethanol solution, an acetone solution, and deionized water. After cleaning and drying, the surface of the substrate 100 is treated with ultraviolet ozone.

[0098] The insulating layer 200 can be made of photo- or heat-crosslinked insulating polymers, or other insulating materials. More specific materials for photo- or heat-crosslinked insulating polymers can be found in existing technologies, and will not be elaborated further here. In actual sensor fabrication, the insulating layer 200 can be screen-printed onto one side of the substrate 100 and then cured by light or heat.

[0099] The temperature-sensitive element 310 can be made of resistive thermistor carbon paste or other temperature-sensitive materials. For more specific information on resistive thermistor carbon paste, please refer to existing technologies; details will not be elaborated here. In actual sensor fabrication, after fabricating the insulating layer 200, the temperature-sensitive element 310 can be screen-printed into the opening 201 of the insulating layer 200, followed by heat curing.

[0100] The pressure-sensitive element 410 can be made of a polymer doped with conductive carbon material, or other pressure-sensitive materials. More specific materials for polymers doped with conductive carbon material can be found in existing technologies, and will not be elaborated further. In actual sensor fabrication, after fabricating the insulating layer 200 and the temperature-sensitive element 310, the pressure-sensitive element 410 can be screen-printed onto the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, followed by thermosetting.

[0101] The insulating layer 200 can minimize leakage and short circuit between the electrodes and leads corresponding to the pressure-sensitive element 410 on one side of the insulating layer 200 and the electrodes and leads on the other side of the insulating layer 200.

[0102] In the aforementioned sensor, since the pressure-sensitive element 410 is disposed on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and the temperature-sensitive element 310 is disposed within the opening 201 of the insulating layer 200, the pressure-sensitive element 410 and the temperature-sensitive element 310 are arranged in layers along the stacking direction of the substrate 100 and the insulating layer 200. Therefore, the lateral strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element 410 is transmitted on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and is less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310 within the opening 201 of the insulating layer 200. Since the orthographic projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 on the insulating layer 200 is located outside the opening 201, the projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 on the insulating layer 200 does not overlap with that of the temperature-sensitive element 310. Therefore, when the longitudinal strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element 410 is transmitted towards the insulating layer 200, it is also less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310. Therefore, when the above-mentioned sensor is used to detect the temperature and pressure of a battery cell, it can reduce the influence of the strain generated by the pressure-sensitive element 410 under pressure on the strain of the temperature-sensitive element 310, thereby reducing the interference of the pressure-sensitive element 410 with the detection of the temperature-sensitive element 310, and thus improving the accuracy of the temperature detection results of the battery cells in the battery device.

[0103] The longitudinal strain mentioned above refers to the strain along the stacking direction of each layer structure in the sensor (such as the stacking direction of the insulating layer 200 and the substrate 100), while the transverse strain refers to the strain in the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction.

[0104] Please refer to Figure 6In some embodiments, the surface of the temperature-sensitive element 310 facing away from the substrate 100 is lower than the surface of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100.

[0105] Specifically, in this embodiment, the temperature-sensitive element 310 is completely embedded within the opening 201 and is lower than the surface of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100. The pressure-sensitive element 410 is located on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, resulting in a height difference between the temperature-sensitive element 310 and the pressure-sensitive element 410 in the stacking direction of the insulating layer 200 and the substrate 100. Thus, if the pressure-sensitive element 410 experiences lateral strain, all of this lateral strain is transmitted to the side of the temperature-sensitive element 310 facing away from the substrate 100, further reducing the likelihood of the lateral strain of the pressure-sensitive element 410 being transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310.

[0106] In other embodiments, the surface of the temperature-sensitive element 310 facing away from the substrate 100 may also be flush with the surface of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100. In this way, the temperature-sensitive element 310 and the pressure-sensitive element 410 are also arranged in layers, which can also reduce the possibility of the lateral strain of the pressure-sensitive element 410 being transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310.

[0107] In some embodiments, the number of temperature-sensitive elements 310 can be multiple, and the number of openings 201 can also be multiple, with multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 disposed within multiple openings 201. For example, as an optional implementation, multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 are disposed one-to-one within multiple openings 201, thereby minimizing the influence of strain generated by the pressure-sensitive element 410 on the temperature-sensitive elements 310, thus significantly improving the accuracy of temperature detection by the sensor. As another optional implementation, the number of temperature-sensitive elements 310 is not the same as the number of openings 201. For example, the number of temperature-sensitive elements 310 is greater than the number of openings 201, with multiple (two or more) temperature-sensitive elements 310 disposed within a portion of the openings 201. Of course, not all temperature-sensitive elements 310 necessarily need to be disposed within openings; for example, some temperature-sensitive elements 310 may be disposed one-to-one within multiple openings 201, while the remaining temperature-sensitive elements may not be disposed within openings.

[0108] It is understood that in some embodiments, the number of openings 201 may be only one, and only one of the multiple temperature sensing elements 310 is disposed in the opening 201.

[0109] It is understood that in some embodiments, the number of temperature-sensitive elements may be one, and this is not limited here.

[0110] It is understood that the number of pressure-sensitive elements 410 can be multiple or one, and this is not limited here.

[0111] Thus, by using multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 and multiple pressure-sensitive elements 410, more areas on the surface of the battery cell can be monitored, thereby increasing the monitoring area and improving monitoring accuracy. By placing at least a portion of the temperature-sensitive elements 310 within the opening 201, the influence of strain generated by pressure on the temperature-sensitive element 410 can be better reduced, thereby reducing interference from the pressure-sensitive elements 410 on the detection of the temperature-sensitive element 310.

[0112] Please combine Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the sensor includes a cover plate 500 and at least one support unit 600. The cover plate 500 is disposed on the side of the pressure-sensitive element 410 facing away from the insulating layer 200. The support unit 600 is located between the insulating layer and the cover plate 500. The support unit 600 is correspondingly disposed to an opening 201, and the support unit 600 is configured to at least partially surround the axis of the corresponding opening to define a cavity 601 communicating with the corresponding opening 201.

[0113] Specifically, one end of the support unit 600 is connected to the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and the other end of the support unit 600 is connected to the cover plate 500.

[0114] Optionally, the cover plate 500 is made of a flexible material, i.e., a flexible cover plate. The material used for the cover plate 500 can be a polyimide (PI) film or other flexible materials; there are no restrictions on this. The cover plate 500 serves as the encapsulation layer for the sensor. In the actual processing of the sensor, the cover plate 500 can be ultrasonically cleaned using an ethanol solution, acetone solution, and deionized water. After cleaning and drying, the surface of the cover plate 500 is treated with ultraviolet ozone.

[0115] Both the support unit 600 and the pressure-sensitive element 410 are located between the cover plate 500 and the substrate 100, therefore, they can be manufactured in the same processing step. Specifically, the support unit 600 and the pressure-sensitive element 410 can be screen-printed onto the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, followed by thermosetting. The support unit 600 and the pressure-sensitive element 410 are made of the same material. Of course, the support unit 600 and the pressure-sensitive element 410 can also be made of different materials and manufactured separately from the pressure-sensitive element 410 in different processes.

[0116] Because the support unit 600 is configured to at least partially surround the axis of the corresponding opening 201, it defines a cavity 601 that communicates with the corresponding opening 201. Furthermore, since the support unit 600 is located between the insulating layer 200 and the cover plate 500, both ends of the support unit 600 are supported by the cover plate 500 and the insulating layer 200, respectively. Under the support of the support unit 600, even if the sensor is subjected to pressure, the cavity 601 is less likely to collapse. Therefore, the temperature sensing element 310 is less likely to be subjected to pressure from the cover plate 500, thereby minimizing the impact of the pressure on the sensor on the temperature sensing element 310 within the opening 201, and further improving the detection accuracy of the temperature sensing element 310.

[0117] In some embodiments, the number of support units 600 can be the same as the number of openings 201, with each support unit 600 corresponding to one opening 201, meaning that a corresponding support unit 600 is provided around each opening 201. Thus, the periphery of each opening 201 is supported by the corresponding support unit 600, thereby significantly reducing the impact of pressure on the sensor on the temperature-sensitive element 310 within the opening 201, and consequently significantly improving the detection accuracy of the temperature-sensitive element 310.

[0118] As an alternative implementation, the number of openings 201 may be greater than the number of support units 600. Therefore, only a portion of the openings 201 may have corresponding support units 600 around their periphery, while another portion of the openings 201 may not have corresponding support units 600 around their periphery.

[0119] As some alternative implementations, the number of support units 600 may be only one, that is, only one opening 201 is provided with a corresponding support unit 600, which is not limited here.

[0120] Please combine Figures 7 to 9 , Figure 7 It shows Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the connection structure of the substrate, the first row of leads, the temperature-sensitive electrode pair, the first adapter electrode, the second adapter electrode, and the first bonding electrode. Figure 8 It shows Figure 7 The diagram shows the connection structure between the structure shown and the insulating layer, the row leads, and the first varistor electrode. Figure 9 It shows Figure 8 The diagram shows the connection structure between the structure shown, the support unit, and the pressure-sensitive element.

[0121] In some embodiments, the support unit 600 includes at least a first support portion 610 and a second support portion 620, with at least a portion of the first support portion 610 and at least a portion of the second support portion 620 disposed opposite to each other.

[0122] Specifically, in Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, the overall structure of the first support portion 610 (i.e., the entirety of the first support portion 610) and the overall structure of the second support portion 620 (i.e., the entirety of the second support portion 620) are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the corresponding opening 201.

[0123] Since at least a portion of the first support portion 610 and at least a portion of the second support portion 620 are arranged opposite to each other, the opposite portions of the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 can provide support at both ends of the cavity 601, thereby enabling the support unit 600 to play a more reliable supporting role and further making the cavity 601 less prone to collapse.

[0124] In other embodiments, portions of the first support portion and portions of the second support portion may be disposed opposite to each other on opposite sides of the corresponding opening. For example, the first support portion includes a first segment and a second segment disposed at an angle, with one end of the first segment connected to one end of the second segment; the second support portion includes a third segment and a fourth segment disposed at an angle, with one end of the third segment connected to one end of the fourth segment, wherein the first segment and the third segment are disposed opposite to each other on opposite sides of the corresponding opening. The second segment and the fourth segment may be located on the same side of the opening.

[0125] Combination Figures 7 to 9 In one embodiment, the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the corresponding opening 201.

[0126] Specifically Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, the outline of the opening 201 is rectangular as an example. The first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 can be disposed opposite each other on both sides of the opening 201 along its length, on both sides of the opening 201 along its width, or on both sides of the opening 201 along its diagonal. As long as the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 are disposed opposite each other on both sides of the opening 201, it is acceptable.

[0127] In this embodiment, by placing the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 opposite to each other on both sides of the corresponding opening 201, the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 can further reliably play a supporting role, thereby making the cavity 601 less prone to collapse.

[0128] In other embodiments, the first support portion and the second support portion may not be completely opposite to each other. For example, the first support portion includes a first segment and a second segment arranged at an angle, with one end of the first segment connected to one end of the second segment; the second support portion includes a third segment and a fourth segment arranged at an angle, with one end of the third segment connected to one end of the fourth segment, wherein the first segment and the third segment are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the corresponding opening. The second segment and the fourth segment may be located on the same side of the opening. In this technical solution, the first segment and the third segment are opposite to each other, while the second segment and the fourth segment are adjacent to each other and arranged side by side.

[0129] Combination Figures 7 to 9 In one embodiment, the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 are spaced apart from each other.

[0130] Specifically, targeting Figure 9 In the embodiment shown, the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 are located opposite each other on both sides of the opening 201. Therefore, even if the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 are spaced apart from each other, they can reliably support the cavity 601.

[0131] In other embodiments, the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 can be connected when they take other forms. For example, the first support portion includes a first segment and a second segment arranged at an angle, with one end of the first segment connected to one end of the second segment; the second support portion includes a third segment and a fourth segment arranged at an angle, with one end of the third segment connected to one end of the fourth segment, wherein the first segment and the third segment are arranged opposite each other on opposite sides of the corresponding opening. The second segment and the fourth segment can be located on the same side of the opening. The end of the second segment away from the first segment is connected to the end of the fourth segment away from the third segment. In this way, the third segment and the first segment are located on one side of the opening, and the second segment and the fourth segment are located on the other side of the opening, thereby providing more reliable support for the cavity. Of course, the second segment and the fourth segment can also be arranged at intervals.

[0132] In other embodiments, the support units form a continuous structure around the axis of the corresponding opening 201 along the circumferential direction surrounding the opening.

[0133] Specifically, the support unit may include a first support portion, a second support portion, a third support portion, and a fourth support portion. The first support portion, the third support portion, the second support portion, and the fourth support portion are connected end to end in sequence, so that the support unit forms a continuous structure around the axis of the corresponding opening 201, thereby more reliably defining a cavity on the side of the opening 201 facing the base 100, and the cavity is not easy to collapse under pressure.

[0134] Of course, the extension direction of the support unit can also be circular, surrounding the periphery of the opening 201 along the circumference.

[0135] Please combine Figure 5 and Figure 7 In some embodiments, the sensor includes a temperature-sensitive electrode pair and a pressure-sensitive electrode pair.

[0136] The temperature-sensitive electrode pair is provided corresponding to the temperature-sensitive element 310. The temperature-sensitive electrode pair includes a first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and a second temperature-sensitive electrode 330. The first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the second temperature-sensitive electrode 330 are respectively connected to the two ends of the corresponding temperature-sensitive element 310 and are used to connect to the readout circuit.

[0137] The pressure-sensitive electrode pair is provided corresponding to the pressure-sensitive element 410. The pressure-sensitive electrode pair includes a first pressure-sensitive electrode 420 and a second pressure-sensitive electrode 430. The first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the second temperature-sensitive electrode 330 are respectively connected to the two ends of the corresponding pressure-sensitive element 410 and are used to connect to the readout circuit.

[0138] Specifically, in the first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the second temperature-sensitive electrode 330, one electrode is a positive electrode and the other is a negative electrode. The strain of the temperature-sensitive element 310 can change with the change of the applied pressure, thereby changing the resistance value and thus changing the voltage between the first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the second temperature-sensitive electrode 330 connected across the temperature-sensitive element 310. By connecting the readout circuit to the first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the second temperature-sensitive electrode 330, the voltage change between the first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the second temperature-sensitive electrode 330 can be obtained, thereby realizing the function of temperature measurement. Since the temperature-sensitive electrode pairs are correspondingly arranged to the temperature-sensitive element 310, the temperature measurement value at different locations can be obtained based on the measurement results of the temperature-sensitive electrode pairs corresponding to the temperature-sensitive element 310 at different locations.

[0139] The first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the second temperature-sensitive electrode 330 can be made of conductive silver paste or other conductive materials.

[0140] In the first pressure-sensitive electrode 420 and the second pressure-sensitive electrode 430, one electrode is a positive electrode and the other is a negative electrode. The strain of the pressure-sensitive element 410 can change with the applied pressure, thus changing its resistance value, and consequently, changing the voltage between the first pressure-sensitive electrode 420 and the second pressure-sensitive electrode 430 connected across the pressure-sensitive element 410. By connecting a readout circuit to the first pressure-sensitive electrode 420 and the second pressure-sensitive electrode 430, the voltage change between the first pressure-sensitive electrode 420 and the second pressure-sensitive electrode 430 can be obtained, thereby enabling pressure measurement. Since the pressure-sensitive electrode pairs are correspondingly arranged to the pressure-sensitive element 410, pressure measurement values ​​at different locations can be obtained based on the measurement results of the pressure-sensitive electrode pairs corresponding to the pressure-sensitive element 410 at different locations.

[0141] The first varistor 420 and the second varistor 430 can be made of conductive silver paste or other conductive materials.

[0142] In some embodiments, there are multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 and multiple pairs of temperature-sensitive electrodes. The first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the second temperature-sensitive electrode 330 of the multiple pairs of temperature-sensitive electrodes are respectively connected to the two ends of the corresponding temperature-sensitive element 310.

[0143] In some embodiments, there are multiple pressure-sensitive elements 410 and multiple pairs of pressure-sensitive electrodes. The first pressure-sensitive electrode 420 and the second pressure-sensitive electrode 430 of the multiple pairs of pressure-sensitive electrodes are respectively connected to the two ends of the corresponding pressure-sensitive element 410.

[0144] In some other embodiments, when there is one temperature-sensitive element 310, the number of temperature-sensitive electrode pairs can also be one pair. Similarly, when there is one pressure-sensitive element 410, the number of pressure-sensitive electrode pairs can also be only one pair.

[0145] Please combine Figure 5 and Figure 7 In some embodiments, the temperature-sensitive electrode pair is disposed between the substrate 100 and the insulating layer 200.

[0146] The first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the second temperature-sensitive electrode 330 of the temperature-sensitive electrode pair can be led out to the readout circuit through leads, thereby connecting to the readout circuit.

[0147] Specifically, a portion of the temperature-sensitive electrode pair may be located between the temperature-sensitive element 310 and the substrate 100 for easy connection to both ends of the temperature-sensitive element 310, while the other portion of the temperature-sensitive element 310 may be located between the substrate 100 and the insulating layer 200 for easy connection to the readout circuit via leads. Understandably, the temperature-sensitive element 310 has a lateral resistive structure, meaning that under temperature changes, the lateral resistance changes due to changes in lateral strain, thereby achieving temperature sensing and measurement.

[0148] By placing the temperature-sensitive electrode pair between the substrate 100 and the insulating layer 200, the temperature-sensitive electrode pair does not interfere with the pressure-sensitive electrode pair and the pressure-sensitive element 410, making it convenient to connect and lead out the temperature-sensitive electrode pair to the temperature-sensitive element 310.

[0149] Please combine Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the first pressure-sensitive electrode 420 is located between the pressure-sensitive element 410 and the insulating layer 200, and the second pressure-sensitive electrode 430 is located on the side of the pressure-sensitive element 410 facing away from the insulating layer 200.

[0150] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pressure-sensitive element 410 has a longitudinal resistive structure. That is, when the pressure changes, the longitudinal resistance changes due to the change in longitudinal strain, thereby realizing pressure sensing and measurement. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first pressure-sensitive electrode 420 and the second pressure-sensitive electrode 430 are respectively located at the two ends of the longitudinal direction of the pressure-sensitive element 410, so that the pressure value can be obtained based on the voltage measured by the change in its longitudinal resistance.

[0151] Compared to a transverse resistive structure, the pressure sensing element 410 with a longitudinal resistive structure has the first pressure-sensitive electrode 420 and the second pressure-sensitive electrode 430 located at the two ends of the longitudinal direction of the pressure sensing element 410, which enables a larger pressure detection range.

[0152] In other embodiments, the pressure-sensitive element may also employ a lateral resistive structure.

[0153] Combination Figures 5 to 9 In some embodiments, multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 and multiple pressure-sensitive elements 410 are arranged to form multiple rows of sensitive elements and multiple columns of sensitive elements.

[0154] Each row of sensing elements includes a plurality of temperature sensing elements 310 arranged along the first direction XX' and a plurality of pressure sensing elements 410 arranged along the first direction XX'. Each column of sensing elements includes a plurality of temperature sensing elements 310 arranged along the second direction YY' and a plurality of pressure sensing elements 410 arranged along the second direction YY'.

[0155] Among them, the first direction XX' intersects with the second direction YY'.

[0156] In each row of sensitive elements, the number of temperature sensitive elements 310 and pressure sensitive elements 410 can be the same or different. In each column of sensitive elements, the number of temperature sensitive elements 310 and pressure sensitive elements 410 can be the same or different.

[0157] In this embodiment, the array arrangement of multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 and multiple pressure-sensitive elements 410, with each row of sensitive elements including multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 and multiple pressure-sensitive elements 410, and each column of sensitive elements including multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 and multiple pressure-sensitive elements 410, ensures that temperature-sensitive elements 310 and pressure-sensitive elements 410 are present in each row and each column. This allows for a relatively uniform distribution of temperature-sensitive elements 310 and pressure-sensitive elements 410 across various regions of the battery cell surface, thereby achieving comprehensive and effective temperature and pressure detection across various regions of the battery cell surface.

[0158] Please combine Figures 5 to 9In some embodiments, in each row of sensitive elements, temperature sensitive elements 310 and pressure sensitive elements 410 are arranged alternately along a first direction XX'. In each column of sensitive elements, temperature sensitive elements 310 and pressure sensitive elements 410 are arranged alternately along a second direction YY'.

[0159] Specifically, the arrangement of the sensitive elements in each row of sensitive elements can be: one temperature sensitive element 310, one pressure sensitive element 410, one temperature sensitive element 310, one pressure sensitive element 410, and so on.

[0160] In this embodiment, in each row of sensitive elements and in each column of sensitive elements, the temperature sensitive element 310 and the pressure sensitive element 410 are arranged alternately in sequence, so that the temperature sensitive element 310 and the pressure sensitive element 410 can be evenly arranged. This allows the temperature sensitive element 310 and the pressure sensitive element 410 to be evenly distributed in each area of ​​the surface of the battery cell, thereby enabling a more comprehensive test of each area of ​​the surface of the battery cell.

[0161] In other embodiments, the alternation of temperature sensing element 310 and pressure sensing element 410 in each row and column of sensing elements is not limited to sequential alternation. For example, one temperature sensing element 310, two pressure sensing elements 410, one temperature sensing element 310, two pressure sensing elements 410, and so on. Alternatively, two temperature sensing elements 310, one pressure sensing element 410, two temperature sensing elements 310, one pressure sensing element 410, and so on.

[0162] Please combine Figure 5 , Figures 7 to 9 In some embodiments, the sensor further includes multiple row leads 710 and multiple first column leads 720.

[0163] One row lead 710 corresponds to one row of sensing elements. The multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 corresponding to the multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 in each row of sensing elements are respectively connected to the corresponding row lead 710.

[0164] Multiple first-column leads 720 are located between the insulating layer 200 and the substrate 100, with each first-column lead 720 corresponding to a column of sensitive elements. Multiple second temperature-sensitive electrodes 330 corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 in each column of sensitive elements are respectively connected to a corresponding first-column lead 720.

[0165] Specifically, the row leads 710 extend along the first direction XX', consistent with the row direction of the sensitive element row. Multiple row leads 710 are arranged at intervals along the second direction YY'. The first column leads 720 extend along the second direction YY', consistent with the column direction of the sensitive element column. Multiple first column leads 720 are arranged at intervals along the first direction XX'. The row leads 710 and the first column leads 720 can be made of conductive silver paste or other conductive materials. The row leads 710 and the first column leads 720 can be manufactured using screen printing.

[0166] Multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 in the same row can be connected via row leads 710, and multiple second temperature-sensitive electrodes 330 in the same column can be connected via first column leads 720. By connecting multiple row leads 710 and multiple first column leads 720 to the readout circuit, the readout circuit can be simultaneously connected to the temperature-sensitive electrode pairs in multiple rows and columns of sensitive elements, thereby facilitating the readout circuit to read the temperature measurement results at each location.

[0167] Please combine Figure 5 , Figures 7 to 9 In some embodiments, the plurality of first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 corresponding to the plurality of pressure-sensitive elements 410 in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to a corresponding row lead 710.

[0168] The sensor also includes multiple second-column leads 730, which are located on the side of the pressure-sensitive element 410 facing away from the insulating layer 200. Each second-column lead 730 corresponds to a column of sensitive elements. The multiple second pressure-sensitive electrodes 430 corresponding to the multiple pressure-sensitive elements 410 in each column of sensitive elements are respectively connected to the corresponding second-column lead 730.

[0169] Specifically, the extension direction of the second column lead 730 is along the second direction YY', which is consistent with the column direction of the sensitive element column. Multiple second column leads 730 are arranged at intervals along the first direction XX'.

[0170] Multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 in the same row can be connected via row leads 710, and multiple second pressure-sensitive electrodes 430 in the same column can be connected via second column leads 730. By connecting multiple row leads 710 and multiple second column leads 730 to the readout circuit, the readout circuit can be simultaneously connected to the pressure-sensitive electrode pairs in multiple rows and columns of sensitive elements, thus facilitating the readout circuit to read the pressure measurement results at each position. The second column leads 730 can be made of conductive silver paste or other conductive materials. The second column leads 730 can be fabricated using screen printing.

[0171] In this embodiment, the row lead 710 connects not only multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 in the same row, but also multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 in the same row. Thus, multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 and multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 in the same row can be connected simultaneously through the same row lead 710, thereby facilitating the connection of multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 and multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 in the same row to the readout circuit using the same row lead 710.

[0172] Please combine Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the lead 710 includes a lead body and a plurality of first protrusions disposed on the lead body.

[0173] The lead body is located between the pressure-sensitive element 410 and the insulating layer 200. The multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 corresponding to the multiple pressure-sensitive elements 410 in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to the lead body of the corresponding row lead 710.

[0174] Multiple first protrusions are respectively disposed in the insulating layer 200. Multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to multiple first protrusions of a corresponding row lead 710.

[0175] Specifically, the extension direction of the lead body is along the first direction XX', and the multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 in the same row are respectively connected to the lead body of the corresponding row lead 710.

[0176] The insulating layer 200 has a plurality of first vias 202, each corresponding to a plurality of first protrusions. The first protrusions pass through the corresponding first vias 202. The end of each first protrusion facing away from the lead body is connected to a corresponding plurality of first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320. Thus, the plurality of first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 in the same row are respectively connected to the plurality of first protrusions of the corresponding row lead 710, thereby achieving connection between the plurality of first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 in the same row and the same row lead 710.

[0177] The lead body and the multiple first protrusions can be integrally formed. Specifically, in actual processing, after the insulation layer 200 is completed, the lead 710 can be fabricated by screen printing, forming the lead body and the multiple first protrusions.

[0178] The structure of the row lead 710 in this embodiment facilitates the simultaneous connection of multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 and multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 in the same row via the same row lead 710.

[0179] In some embodiments, the number of multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 in each row of sensitive elements can be the same as the number of multiple first protrusions of a corresponding row lead 710, so that the multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 can be connected one-to-one with the multiple first protrusions, thereby facilitating the connection of multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 in the same row to the same row lead 710.

[0180] In some other embodiments, the number of multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 in each row of sensitive elements may be greater than the number of multiple first protrusions of a corresponding row lead 710. Thus, only a portion of the multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 are connected to the multiple first protrusions. The other portion of the multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 can be connected to the row lead 710 in other ways, such as by providing first electrode protrusions on the first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320, and connecting the first electrode protrusions to the lead body of the row lead 710.

[0181] Please combine Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the sensor further includes a plurality of first transition electrodes 321 located between the insulating layer 200 and the substrate 100, the plurality of first transition electrodes 321 being connected to a plurality of first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320. The first temperature-sensitive electrodes 320 are connected to corresponding first protrusions via corresponding first transition electrodes 321.

[0182] Optionally, the number of the plurality of first adapter electrodes 321 is equal to the number of the plurality of first protrusions. The positions of the plurality of first adapter electrodes 321 correspond one-to-one with the positions of the plurality of first vias 202, so that the plurality of first adapter electrodes 321 correspond one-to-one with the plurality of first protrusions within the plurality of first vias 202.

[0183] The first protrusion passes through the corresponding first through hole 202. Therefore, the end of the first protrusion facing away from the lead wire body can be connected to the corresponding first adapter electrode 321, thereby enabling the first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 to be connected to the corresponding first protrusion through the corresponding first adapter electrode 321.

[0184] The first transition electrode 321 can be made of conductive silver paste or other conductive materials. The first transition electrode 321 can be manufactured using a screen printing process.

[0185] The first adapter electrode 321 facilitates the connection between the first temperature-sensitive electrode 320 and the first protrusion.

[0186] In other embodiments, the number of the plurality of first protrusions may be greater than the number of the plurality of first adapter electrodes, so that a portion of the first protrusions are connected to the plurality of first adapter electrodes, thereby allowing a portion of the first temperature-sensitive electrodes to be connected to their respective first protrusions via the corresponding first adapter electrodes. Alternatively, another portion of the first temperature-sensitive electrodes may be directly connected to their respective first protrusions without being indirectly connected via the first adapter electrodes.

[0187] Please combine Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In some embodiments, the lead 710 includes a lead body and a second protrusion disposed on the lead body.

[0188] The lead body is located between the pressure-sensitive element 410 and the insulating layer 200. The multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 corresponding to the multiple pressure-sensitive elements 410 in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to the lead body of the corresponding row lead 710.

[0189] The second protrusion passes through the insulating layer 200. The sensor also includes a plurality of second adapter electrodes 711 located between the insulating layer 200 and the substrate 100, and the plurality of second adapter electrodes 711 are respectively connected to the plurality of second protrusions. The second adapter electrodes 711 are used to connect to the readout circuit.

[0190] Specifically, the extension direction of the lead body is along the first direction XX', and the multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes 420 in the same row are respectively connected to the lead body of the corresponding row lead 710.

[0191] In some embodiments, the number of second protrusions is the same as the number of second adapter electrodes 711. The insulating layer 200 has a plurality of second vias 203, each corresponding to one of the second protrusions. The second protrusions pass through the corresponding second vias 203. One end of each second protrusion facing away from the lead body is connected to the corresponding plurality of second adapter electrodes 711. Thus, the plurality of second adapter electrodes 711 in the same row are respectively connected to the plurality of second protrusions of the corresponding row lead 710.

[0192] The lead body and multiple second protrusions can be integrally formed. Specifically, in actual processing, after the insulation layer 200 is completed, the lead 710 can be fabricated by screen printing, forming the lead body and multiple second protrusions.

[0193] The second transfer electrode 711 can be made of conductive silver paste or other conductive materials. The second transfer electrode 711 can be manufactured using a screen printing process.

[0194] In this embodiment, the lead body is located between the pressure-sensitive element 410 and the insulating layer 200. The second adapter electrode 711 is located between the insulating layer 200 and the substrate 100. The second adapter electrode 711 is connected to the second protrusion on the lead body, and then the second adapter electrode 711 is connected to the readout circuit via a lead, thereby enabling each row lead 710 to be connected to the readout circuit. The second adapter electrode 711 is located between the insulating layer 200 and the substrate 100, facilitating its connection to the readout circuit via a lead. In this embodiment, the number of the multiple second protrusions can be greater than the number of the multiple second adapter electrodes, so that a portion of the second protrusions are connected to the multiple second adapter electrodes, allowing some of the row leads corresponding to the second protrusions to be connected to the readout circuit via the corresponding multiple second adapter electrodes. Another portion of the second protrusions can also be directly connected to the readout circuit without being indirectly connected via the second adapter electrodes.

[0195] Please combine Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 9 In some embodiments, the sensor further includes a plurality of first binding electrodes 721 and a plurality of second binding electrodes 731. A first binding electrode 721 is disposed on each first column lead 720, and a second binding electrode 731 is disposed on each second column lead 730. The first binding electrode 721 disposed on a first column lead 720 corresponding to each column of sensitive elements is bound to the second binding electrode 731 disposed on a corresponding second column lead 730.

[0196] Specifically, anisotropic conductive adhesive can be used to connect the first bonding electrode 721 and the second bonding electrode 731 using a hot-pressing process.

[0197] The first binding electrode 721 and the second binding electrode 731 are bound together, so that the two can be connected to the readout circuit through leads, thereby facilitating the simultaneous connection of the second column of leads 730 and the first column of leads 720 to the readout circuit.

[0198] The sensor provided in this embodiment includes a substrate 100, an insulating layer 200, a plurality of temperature-sensitive elements 310, and a plurality of pressure-sensitive elements 410. The insulating layer 200 is stacked on one side of the substrate 100 and has a plurality of openings 201. The plurality of temperature-sensitive elements 310 are correspondingly disposed within the plurality of openings 201. The pressure-sensitive elements 410 are disposed on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and the projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 on the insulating layer 200 is located outside the openings 201. The surface of the temperature-sensitive element 310 facing away from the substrate 100 is lower than the surface of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100. The sensor includes a cover plate 500 and a plurality of support units 600. The cover plate 500 is disposed on the side of the pressure-sensitive element 410 facing away from the insulating layer 200. One end of each support unit 600 is connected to the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and the other end of each support unit 600 is connected to the cover plate 500. In this configuration, each support unit 600 corresponds to one opening 201. The support unit 600 is configured to at least partially surround the axis of the corresponding opening 201, thereby defining a cavity 601 communicating with the corresponding opening 201. Each support unit 600 includes at least a first support portion 610 and a second support portion 620. The first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the corresponding opening 201.

[0199] In the aforementioned sensor, since the pressure-sensitive element 410 is disposed on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and multiple temperature-sensitive elements 310 are correspondingly disposed within multiple openings 201 of the insulating layer 200, the pressure-sensitive element 410 and the temperature-sensitive element 310 are arranged in layers along the stacking direction of the substrate 100 and the insulating layer 200. Therefore, the lateral strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element 410 is transmitted on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and is less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310 within the openings 201 of the insulating layer 200. Since the projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 onto the insulating layer 200 is located outside the openings 201, the projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 onto the insulating layer 200 does not overlap with the temperature-sensitive element 310. Therefore, when the longitudinal strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element 410 is transmitted towards the insulating layer 200, it is also less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310. Therefore, when the aforementioned sensor is used to detect the temperature and pressure of a battery cell, it can reduce the influence of the strain generated by the pressure-sensitive element 410 under pressure on the strain of the temperature-sensitive element 310, thereby reducing the interference of the pressure-sensitive element 410 with the detection of the temperature-sensitive element 310, and thus improving the accuracy of the temperature detection results of the battery cells in the battery device. Furthermore, since the temperature-sensitive element 310 is lower than the surface of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, there is a height difference between the temperature-sensitive element 310 and the pressure-sensitive element 410 in the stacking direction of the insulating layer 200 and the substrate 100. Therefore, if the pressure-sensitive element 410 experiences lateral strain, all of the lateral strain of the pressure-sensitive element 410 is transmitted to the side of the temperature-sensitive element 310 facing away from the substrate 100, further reducing the possibility of the lateral strain of the pressure-sensitive element 410 being transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310. Furthermore, since one end of the support unit 600 is connected to the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, the support unit 600 is located outside the opening 201. Since the first support portion 610 and the second support portion 620 are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the corresponding opening 201, the support unit 600 reliably provides support. Under the support of the support unit 600, even if the sensor is subjected to pressure, the cavity 601 is not prone to collapse, thereby minimizing the impact of the pressure on the sensor on the temperature sensing element 310 inside the opening 201, and further improving the detection accuracy of the temperature sensing element 310.

[0200] This application also provides a battery device, including a battery case, a battery cell located inside the battery case, and any of the sensors described in the above embodiments, wherein the sensor is disposed on the outer surface of the battery cell.

[0201] In the aforementioned battery device, since the pressure-sensitive element 410 is disposed on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and the temperature-sensitive element 310 is disposed within the opening 201 of the insulating layer 200, the pressure-sensitive element 410 and the temperature-sensitive element 310 are arranged in layers along the stacking direction of the substrate 100 and the insulating layer 200. Therefore, the lateral strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element 410 is transmitted on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and is less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310 within the opening 201 of the insulating layer 200. Since the orthographic projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 on the insulating layer 200 is located outside the opening 201, the projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 on the insulating layer 200 does not overlap with the temperature-sensitive element 310. Therefore, when the longitudinal strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element 410 is transmitted towards the insulating layer 200, it is also less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310. Therefore, when the above-mentioned sensor is used to detect the temperature and pressure of a battery cell, it can reduce the influence of the strain generated by the pressure-sensitive element 410 under pressure on the strain of the temperature-sensitive element 310, thereby reducing the interference of the pressure-sensitive element 410 with the detection of the temperature-sensitive element 310, and thus improving the accuracy of the temperature detection results of the battery cells in the battery device.

[0202] This application also provides an electrical device, including a battery management system and the aforementioned battery device. The battery management system is used to control the battery device to provide electrical energy to the electrical device. The battery management system includes a readout circuit for reading temperature and pressure data measured by sensors.

[0203] In the aforementioned electrical equipment, since the pressure-sensitive element 410 is disposed on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and the temperature-sensitive element 310 is disposed within the opening 201 of the insulating layer 200, the pressure-sensitive element 410 and the temperature-sensitive element 310 are arranged in layers along the stacking direction of the substrate 100 and the insulating layer 200. Therefore, the lateral strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element 410 is transmitted on the side of the insulating layer 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and is less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310 within the opening 201 of the insulating layer 200. Since the orthographic projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 on the insulating layer 200 is located outside the opening 201, the projection of the pressure-sensitive element 410 on the insulating layer 200 does not overlap with the temperature-sensitive element 310. Therefore, when the longitudinal strain generated by pressure on the pressure-sensitive element 410 is transmitted towards the insulating layer 200, it is also less likely to be transmitted to the temperature-sensitive element 310. Therefore, when the above-mentioned sensor is used to detect the temperature and pressure of a battery cell, it can reduce the influence of the strain generated by the pressure-sensitive element 410 under pressure on the strain of the temperature-sensitive element 310, thereby reducing the interference of the pressure-sensitive element 410 with the detection of the temperature-sensitive element 310, and thus improving the accuracy of the temperature detection results of the battery cells in the battery device.

[0204] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0205] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sensor, characterized in that, The sensor includes: Base; An insulating layer is stacked on one side of the substrate, and the insulating layer has an opening; A temperature-sensitive element is disposed within the opening; A pressure-sensitive element is disposed on the side of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate; The orthogonal projection of the pressure-sensitive element onto the insulating layer is located outside the opening.

2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the temperature-sensitive element facing away from the substrate is lower than the surface of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate; or The surface of the temperature-sensitive element facing away from the substrate is flush with the surface of the insulating layer facing away from the substrate.

3. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor also includes: A cover plate, the cover plate being disposed on the side of the pressure-sensitive element opposite to the insulating layer; and At least one support unit is located between the insulating layer and the cover plate; The support unit is provided corresponding to the opening, and the support unit is configured to at least partially surround the axis of the corresponding opening to define a cavity that communicates with the corresponding opening.

4. The sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support unit includes at least a first support portion and a second support portion; At least a portion of the first support portion and at least a portion of the second support portion are disposed opposite to each other.

5. The sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first support portion and the second support portion are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the corresponding opening.

6. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of temperature-sensitive elements is multiple, the number of openings is multiple, and the number of pressure-sensitive elements is multiple; The multiple temperature-sensitive elements are disposed within the multiple openings.

7. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor also includes: A temperature-sensitive electrode pair, wherein the temperature-sensitive electrode pair is disposed corresponding to the temperature-sensitive element, the temperature-sensitive electrode pair including a first temperature-sensitive electrode and a second temperature-sensitive electrode, the first temperature-sensitive electrode and the second temperature-sensitive electrode being respectively connected to the corresponding temperature-sensitive element, and the temperature-sensitive electrode pair being disposed between the substrate and the insulating layer; and A pressure-sensitive electrode pair is provided corresponding to the pressure-sensitive element. The pressure-sensitive electrode pair includes a first pressure-sensitive electrode and a second pressure-sensitive electrode. The first temperature-sensitive electrode and the second temperature-sensitive electrode are respectively connected to the corresponding pressure-sensitive element.

8. The sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first pressure-sensitive electrode is located between the pressure-sensitive element and the insulating layer; The second pressure-sensitive electrode is located on the side of the pressure-sensitive element that faces away from the insulating layer.

9. The sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sensor includes a plurality of temperature-sensitive elements and a plurality of pressure-sensitive elements; The multiple temperature-sensitive elements and the multiple pressure-sensitive elements are arranged to form multiple rows of sensitive elements and multiple columns of sensitive elements; Each row of the sensing elements includes a plurality of temperature sensing elements and a plurality of pressure sensing elements arranged along the first direction. Each column of the sensing elements includes a plurality of temperature sensing elements and a plurality of pressure sensing elements arranged along the second direction; Wherein, the first direction intersects with the second direction.

10. The sensor according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sensor also includes: Multiple row leads, one row lead corresponds to one row of the sensing elements, multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements in each row of the sensing elements are respectively connected to the corresponding row lead, and multiple first pressure-sensitive electrodes corresponding to multiple pressure-sensitive elements in each row of the sensing elements are respectively connected to the corresponding row lead. Multiple first-column leads are located between the insulating layer and the substrate, each first-column lead corresponding to a column of the sensing elements, and multiple second temperature-sensitive electrodes corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements in each column of the sensing elements are respectively connected to a corresponding first-column lead; and Multiple second column leads are located on the side of the pressure-sensitive element facing away from the insulating layer. Each second column lead corresponds to a column of the pressure-sensitive elements. The multiple second pressure-sensitive electrodes corresponding to the multiple pressure-sensitive elements in each column of the pressure-sensitive elements are respectively connected to the corresponding second column lead.

11. The sensor according to claim 10, characterized in that, The row lead includes a lead body and a plurality of first protrusions disposed on the lead body; The lead body is located between the pressure-sensitive element and the insulating layer; the plurality of first pressure-sensitive electrodes corresponding to the plurality of pressure-sensitive elements in each row of the sensitive elements are respectively connected to the lead body of the corresponding row of leads; Multiple first protrusions are respectively disposed in the insulating layer; multiple first temperature-sensitive electrodes corresponding to multiple temperature-sensitive elements in each row of sensitive elements are respectively connected to multiple first protrusions of a corresponding row lead.

12. The sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that, The sensor further includes a plurality of first transfer electrodes located between the insulating layer and the substrate, and the plurality of first transfer electrodes are respectively connected to a plurality of first temperature-sensitive electrodes; The first temperature-sensitive electrode is connected to the corresponding first protrusion via the corresponding first adapter electrode.

13. The sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that, The row lead includes a lead body and a second protrusion disposed on the lead body; The lead body is located between the pressure-sensitive element and the insulating layer; the plurality of first pressure-sensitive electrodes corresponding to the plurality of pressure-sensitive elements in each row of the sensitive elements are respectively connected to the lead body of the corresponding row of leads; The second protrusion passes through the insulating layer; The sensor further includes a plurality of second adapter electrodes located between the insulating layer and the substrate, the plurality of second adapter electrodes being respectively connected to a plurality of second protrusions; the second adapter electrodes are used to connect to the readout circuit.

14. A battery device, characterized in that, It includes a battery box, a battery cell located inside the battery box, and a sensor according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein the sensor is disposed on the outer surface of the battery cell.

15. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes a battery management system and the battery device of claim 14, wherein the battery management system is used to control the battery device to provide electrical energy to the electrical device; The battery management system includes a readout circuit for reading temperature and pressure data measured by the sensors.

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