Conical spray pipe

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of pneumatic heatproof ground test equipment for aerospace crafts, in particular to a conical spray pipe which comprises an inner shell, a transition shell layer and an outer shell, the transition shell layer is sleeved on the outer side of the inner shell, and the outer shell is sleeved on the outer side of the transition shell layer. The inner shell is divided into three sections in the axial direction, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs are evenly arranged on the outer side conical surfaces of the first section, the second section and the third section at intervals in the circumferential direction. The number of the reinforcing ribs at the second section is smaller than that of the reinforcing ribs at the first section and the third section, and a cooling liquid channel is formed between every two adjacent reinforcing ribs in the circumferential direction. According to the conical spray pipe, the reinforcing ribs are arranged in the axial direction of the spray pipe in a segmented mode, the number of the reinforcing ribs in the circumferential direction of the throat is smaller than that of the reinforcing ribs arranged on the contraction section and the expansion section, and the reinforcing ribs serve as structural reinforcing structures of the inner shell and serve as wall bodies of the cooling channels at the same time, so that passing of cooling liquid at the throat is guaranteed; the cooling effect at the throat is improved, and sufficient strength of the inner wall of the spray pipe is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of aerodynamic heat protection ground test equipment for spacecraft, and in particular to a conical nozzle. Background Technology

[0002] As aircraft development progresses and aircraft speeds increase, the need for ground-based heat protection tests grows. Due to the high flow field parameters required for simulation, the thermal challenges faced by the inner wall of the conical nozzle are constantly escalating, especially near the nozzle throat.

[0003] Currently, traditional cooling structures typically involve arranging multiple reinforcing ribs at intervals along the circumference of the conical surface on the outer side of the inner shell of a conical nozzle, running from one end of the nozzle to the other. The gap between two reinforcing ribs serves as a coolant channel. These ribs, along with the jacket and outer shell, work together to cool the nozzle. However, because the cross-sectional diameter of the conical nozzle varies from one end to the other, with the smallest diameter at the throat, the thickness of the reinforcing ribs must gradually decrease from the nozzle end to the throat to ensure proper coolant flow. This not only severely restricts the layout design of the reinforcing ribs and the cooling effect but also reduces structural strength. Therefore, traditional cooling structures cannot resolve the contradiction between the nozzle's self-protection and cooling requirements and its structural strength requirements; new solutions and measures are necessary to ensure the safety of the nozzle during operation. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a conical nozzle that solves at least one of the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a conical nozzle, comprising:

[0006] The inner shell is divided into three sections axially, namely the first section, the second section, and the third section from one end to the other. The first section is part of the contraction section, and the third section is part of the expansion section. The second section includes a throat and a portion of the contraction section and a portion of the expansion section connected to the throat. Along the axial direction of the conical nozzle, multiple reinforcing ribs are evenly spaced circumferentially on the outer conical surfaces of the first, second, and third sections of the inner shell. The number of reinforcing ribs in the second section is less than the number of reinforcing ribs in the first and third sections. There is a coolant channel between two adjacent reinforcing ribs in the circumferential direction. The coolant channel in the second section is connected to the coolant channels in the first and third sections.

[0007] The transition shell is fitted on the outside of the inner shell, and its inner sidewall abuts against the reinforcing rib. At both ends of the transition shell, there are annular liquid inlet grooves and annular liquid outlet grooves, which are connected to the coolant channels at the first and third sections, respectively.

[0008] The outer shell is fitted onto the outside of the transition shell layer. The outer shell is also provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, which are respectively connected to the annular liquid inlet groove and the annular liquid outlet groove.

[0009] Optionally, the two ends of the reinforcing rib at the second section are axially spaced from the reinforcing ribs at the first and third sections, respectively, to form a circumferential channel surrounding the inner shell.

[0010] Optionally, the width of the circumferential channel is no more than three times the width of the coolant passage.

[0011] Optionally, the number of coolant channels in the first segment along the circumference is the same as the number of coolant channels in the third segment, and the reinforcing ribs in the second segment are distributed according to the following pattern:

[0012] Relative to the coolant passages in the first and second sections, a reinforcing rib is provided in the second section every other coolant passage in the circumferential direction. The two ends of the reinforcing rib in the second section are respectively opposite to the coolant passages in the first and third sections, and both ends are pointed. One end of the coolant passages in the first and third sections opposite to the reinforcing rib in the second section is a flared mouth, and the flared mouth of the coolant passage in the first section is an expanding flared mouth, while the flared mouth of the coolant passage in the third section is a contracting flared mouth.

[0013] Optionally, an expansion groove is provided on the inner wall of the transition shell at the position corresponding to each coolant channel in the second section. When the transition shell is fitted outside the inner shell, the reinforcing rib in the second section is located close to the position between two adjacent expansion grooves, and the opening of the expansion groove is aligned and connected with the corresponding coolant channel.

[0014] Optionally, the coolant passages in the second section have the same cross-sectional area at all points along the axial direction of the inner shell.

[0015] Optionally, the reinforcing ribs and the inner shell are an integral structure; and / or

[0016] The thickness of the reinforcing rib at its narrowest point shall not be less than 2mm.

[0017] Optionally, the inner shell has flanges at both ends, the end of the transition shell abuts against the flanges, and the outer shell has connecting flanges at both ends, with the outer periphery of the flange abutting against the inner wall of the connecting flange.

[0018] Optionally, a stop is also provided on the connecting flange.

[0019] Optionally, the conical nozzle also includes an air distribution ring, on which an air inlet is provided and a plurality of air inlet pipes are evenly spaced along the circumference of the air distribution ring.

[0020] A first through hole is provided on the connecting flange at the air inlet end of the nozzle for the air inlet pipe to pass through, and a second through hole is provided on the flange at the air inlet end of the nozzle for the air inlet pipe to pass through. The second through hole communicates with the inner cavity of the inner shell. The air inlet pipe passes through the first through hole and is inserted into the second through hole, which can provide cold air to the nozzle tangentially along the inner wall of the inner shell.

[0021] The above-mentioned technical solution of this utility model has the following advantages:

[0022] The conical nozzle provided by this utility model includes an inner shell, a transition shell, and an outer shell. The transition shell is fitted outside the inner shell, and the outer shell is fitted outside the transition shell. The inner shell is divided into three sections along the axial direction. The first section is part of a contraction section, the second section includes a throat and a portion of the contraction and expansion sections connected to the throat, and the third section is part of an expansion section. Multiple reinforcing ribs are evenly spaced circumferentially on the outer conical surfaces of the first, second, and third sections. The number of reinforcing ribs in the second section is less than the number in the first and third sections. A coolant channel is formed between adjacent reinforcing ribs in the circumferential direction, and the coolant channel in the second section is connected to the coolant channels in the first and third sections. This conical nozzle incorporates reinforcing ribs in axial segments, with the number of circumferential reinforcing ribs at the throat being less than those in the contraction and expansion sections. This accommodates the axial diameter variation of the inner shell. The reinforcing ribs serve as structural reinforcements for the inner shell and also as walls for the cooling channels. They ensure the passage of coolant at the throat, improving cooling efficiency, while also providing sufficient thickness to guarantee adequate strength of the nozzle's inner wall. Furthermore, the segmented design of the reinforcing ribs provides a basis for the layout design of more coolant channels, reducing limitations on the placement of the reinforcing ribs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the proportions and quantities of the components in the drawings may not be consistent with the actual product.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conical nozzle in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of point A in the diagram;

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a conical nozzle from another angle;

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the BB cross section in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the CC section in the image;

[0029] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the DD section of a medium-cone nozzle;

[0030] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged diagram of point E in the diagram;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an inner shell in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transition shell layer in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the FF cross-section.

[0034] In the picture:

[0035] 1: Inner shell;

[0036] 11: Contraction segment;

[0037] 12: Expansion segment;

[0038] 13: Throat;

[0039] 14: Reinforcing ribs;

[0040] 15: Flange;

[0041] 16: Second via;

[0042] 2: Transition shell;

[0043] 21: Annular liquid inlet tank;

[0044] 22: Annular liquid outlet tank;

[0045] 23: Liquid inlet channel;

[0046] 24: Liquid inlet connector;

[0047] 25: Liquid outlet channel;

[0048] 26: Liquid outlet connector;

[0049] 27: Expansion slot;

[0050] 3: Outer shell;

[0051] 31: Connecting flange;

[0052] 311: Stop;

[0053] 4: Valve train;

[0054] 41: Air intake connector;

[0055] 42: Air intake pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0057] like Figure 1 , Figures 4-6 As shown, the conical nozzle provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes an inner shell 1, a transition shell layer 2, and an outer shell 3. The transition shell layer 2 is sleeved on the outside of the inner shell 1, and the outer shell 3 is sleeved on the outside of the transition shell layer 2.

[0058] See Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the inner shell 1 has a contraction section 11, a throat 13, and an expansion section 12. In this embodiment, the inner shell 1 is divided into three sections along the axial direction. The first section is a part of the contraction section 11, the second section includes the throat 13 and a portion of the contraction and expansion sections connected to the throat 13, and the third section is a part of the expansion section 12. Multiple reinforcing ribs 14 are evenly spaced circumferentially on the outer conical surfaces of the first, second, and third sections. The number of reinforcing ribs 14 in the second section, where the throat 13 is located, is less than the number of reinforcing ribs 14 in the first and third sections. A coolant channel is formed between adjacent reinforcing ribs 14 in the circumferential direction, and the coolant channel in the second section is connected to the coolant channels in the first and third sections respectively (coolant can flow through them sequentially).

[0059] See Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the transition shell 2 is fitted onto the outside of the inner shell 1, and the inner wall of the transition shell 2 is tightly attached to the reinforcing rib 14. An annular liquid inlet groove 21 and an annular liquid outlet groove 22 are respectively provided at both ends of the transition shell 2, which are connected to the coolant channels at the first and third sections of the inner shell 1, respectively.

[0060] See Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the outer shell 3 is fitted onto the outside of the transition shell 2. The outer shell 3 is also provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet is connected to the annular liquid inlet groove 21, and the liquid outlet is connected to the annular liquid outlet groove 22, forming a complete coolant circulation path. In use, the coolant enters the annular liquid inlet groove 21 from the liquid inlet of the outer shell 3. The coolant is evenly distributed to all cooling channels in the first section, and then flows along the first section of cooling channels to the throat 13. After turning through the circumferential channel, it enters the third section of cooling channels and is finally discharged from the liquid outlet through the annular liquid outlet groove 22.

[0061] See Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, the transition shell 2 is provided with a liquid inlet channel 23, which connects the liquid inlet to the annular liquid inlet groove 21, reducing the restriction on the location of the liquid inlet. See also Figure 4 As shown, preferably, the transition shell 2 is further provided with a liquid outlet channel 25, which connects the liquid outlet to the annular liquid outlet groove 22, reducing the restriction on the location of the liquid outlet. To facilitate connection with external equipment, preferably, a liquid inlet connector 24 is provided at the liquid inlet and a liquid outlet connector 26 is provided at the liquid outlet.

[0062] In this embodiment, the conical nozzle is segmented along the axial direction with reinforcing ribs. The number of circumferential reinforcing ribs at the throat is less than the number of reinforcing ribs in the contraction and expansion sections. This accommodates the change in the axial diameter of the inner shell. The reinforcing ribs serve as structural reinforcements for the inner shell and also as walls for the cooling channels. They ensure the passage of coolant at the throat, improve the cooling effect at the throat, and have sufficient thickness to ensure adequate strength of the nozzle inner wall. In addition, the segmented design of the reinforcing ribs allows for more rib layout designs according to experimental needs, reducing the limitations of the reinforcing rib layout design.

[0063] For example, in some examples, depending on design requirements, the reinforcing rib 14 at the second segment may or may not extend into the cooling channel at the first segment. In other examples, the reinforcing rib 14 at the second segment may be designed with one rib every other cooling channel at the first segment, or one rib every two cooling channels. In yet another example, the number of reinforcing ribs 14 at the third segment may be the same or different. Those skilled in the art can make design adjustments under the guidance of this invention.

[0064] It should be noted that the height of the reinforcing ribs can be designed according to needs and is not limited in this regard.

[0065] See one example of this implementation. Figure 8 As shown, the two ends of the reinforcing rib 14 located in the second section are axially spaced from the reinforcing ribs 14 located in the first and third sections, forming a circumferential channel around the inner shell 1, which facilitates the connection of coolant channels in each section.

[0066] Preferably, the width of the circumferential channel is no more than three times the width of the coolant passage.

[0067] In a preferred example, see Figure 8 As shown, the number of coolant channels in the first segment along the circumference is the same as the number of coolant channels in the second segment. The reinforcing ribs in the second segment are distributed according to the following pattern:

[0068] Relative to the coolant passages in the first and second sections, a reinforcing rib 14 is provided in the second section at every other coolant passage along the circumferential direction. The two ends of the reinforcing rib 14 in the second section are respectively opposite to the corresponding coolant passages in the first and third sections, and both ends are pointed to reduce the impact surface of the coolant, thereby reducing hydraulic loss while diverting the flow. Meanwhile, one end of the coolant passages in the first and third sections opposite to the reinforcing ribs in the second section is a flared opening, with the flared opening of the coolant passage in the first section being an expanding flared opening and the flared opening of the coolant passage in the third section being a contracting flared opening, further reducing hydraulic loss.

[0069] See one example. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the inner shell 1 has flanges 15 at both ends, the end of the transition shell 2 abuts against the flanges 15, and the outer shell 3 has connecting flanges 31 at both ends, with the outer periphery of the flanges 15 abutting against the inner wall of the connecting flanges 31. In one specific embodiment, the transition shell 2 is divided into two halves along the axial direction and then welded to the outer side of the inner shell 1. The reinforcing rib 14 is welded to the inner wall of the filter shell 2, and the transition shell 2 is then welded to the outer shell 1 to form a whole. In one example, the inner shell 1 is made of copper, and the reinforcing rib 14 is an integral structure with the inner shell 1. The transition shell 2 and the outer shell 3 are made of steel. Preferably, the thickness of the reinforcing rib 14 is not less than 2 mm at its narrowest point, so that the structural strength of the inner shell 1 meets the pressure requirements of the coolant.

[0070] In one example, the connecting flange 31 is also provided with a stop 311 to facilitate connection with other structures.

[0071] To further improve the cooling effect, see one example. Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, an expansion groove 27 is provided on the inner wall of the transition shell 2 at a position corresponding to each coolant channel in the second section. When the transition shell 2 is fitted over the inner shell 1, the reinforcing rib 14 in the second section is tightly attached to the position between two adjacent expansion grooves 27. The opening of the expansion groove 27 is aligned and connected with the corresponding coolant channel, forming a channel with a larger cross-sectional area to ensure that the coolant volume in the throat meets the cooling requirements. Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the coolant channels in the second section is the same in the axial direction of the inner shell. For example, in this embodiment, both the expansion groove 27 and the coolant channels in the second section change along the outer conical surface of the inner shell, so that the channel formed after the expansion groove 27 and the coolant channels in the second section are connected is V-shaped in the axial direction (see...). Figure 4 and Figure 5 This means that the channel has a basically the same depth at all points along the axial direction, and the thickness of the reinforcing ribs varies with the diameter to keep the width of the channel basically the same.

[0072] In yet another example, the cross-sectional areas of the coolant passages in the first, second, and third sections are all the same or substantially the same.

[0073] In this embodiment, there are no restrictions on the cross-sectional shape of the coolant channel; any conventional shape can be used, such as a V-shape, rectangle, trapezoid, etc.

[0074] To further improve the cooling effect, see one example. Figure 1 , Figures 3-6 As shown, the conical nozzle also includes an air distribution ring 4, which has an air inlet and a plurality of air inlet pipes 42 evenly spaced along the circumference of the air distribution ring 4. In this embodiment, an air inlet connector 41 is provided at the air inlet.

[0075] A first through hole (not shown in the figure) is provided on the connecting flange 31 at the nozzle inlet end for the intake pipe 42 to pass through. See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a second through hole 16 is provided on the flange 15 at the air inlet end of the nozzle for the air inlet pipe 42 to pass through. The second through hole 16 is connected to the inner cavity of the inner shell 1. The air inlet pipe 42 passes through the first through hole and is inserted into the second through hole 16, which can provide cold air to the nozzle tangentially along the inner wall of the inner shell 1, forming a layer of cold air film on the inner wall surface of the conical nozzle, thus strengthening the protection of the inner wall of the nozzle.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. In the absence of any conflict between the solutions, the various technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0077] Furthermore, without departing from the scope of this utility model, modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions of some of the technical features, shall not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A conical nozzle, characterized in that, include: The inner shell is divided into three sections axially, namely the first section, the second section, and the third section from one end to the other. The first section is part of the contraction section, and the third section is part of the expansion section. The second section includes a throat and a portion of the contraction section and a portion of the expansion section connected to the throat. Along the axial direction of the conical nozzle, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are evenly spaced circumferentially on the outer conical surfaces of the first, second, and third sections of the inner shell. The number of reinforcing ribs circumferentially arranged in the second section is less than the number of reinforcing ribs circumferentially arranged in the first and third sections. A coolant channel is formed between two adjacent reinforcing ribs circumferentially. The coolant channel in the second section is connected to the coolant channels in the first and third sections. A transition shell is fitted on the outside of the inner shell, and its inner sidewall abuts against the reinforcing rib. An annular liquid inlet groove and an annular liquid outlet groove are respectively provided at both ends of the transition shell. The annular liquid inlet groove and the annular liquid outlet groove are respectively connected to the coolant channels at the first section and the third section. The outer shell is fitted onto the outside of the transition shell layer. The outer shell is also provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, which are respectively connected to the annular liquid inlet groove and the annular liquid outlet groove.

2. The conical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the reinforcing rib located at the second section are axially spaced from the reinforcing ribs located at the first and third sections, respectively, forming a circumferential channel surrounding the inner shell.

3. The conical nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The width of the circumferential channel is no more than three times the width of the coolant channel.

4. The conical nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of coolant channels in the first segment along the circumference is the same as the number of coolant channels in the third segment. The reinforcing ribs in the second segment are distributed according to the following pattern: Relative to the coolant channels in the first and second segments, a reinforcing rib is provided in the second segment every other coolant channel in the circumferential direction. The two ends of the reinforcing rib in the second segment are respectively opposite to the coolant channels in the first and third segments, and both ends are pointed. One end of the coolant channels in the first and third segments opposite to the reinforcing rib in the second segment is a flared opening. The flared opening of the coolant channel in the first segment is an expanding flared opening, and the flared opening of the coolant channel in the third segment is a contracting flared opening.

5. The conical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: An expansion groove is provided on the inner wall of the transition shell at a position corresponding to each coolant channel in the second section. When the transition shell is fitted over the inner shell, the reinforcing rib in the second section is located close to the position between two adjacent expansion grooves, and the opening of the expansion groove is aligned and connected with the corresponding coolant channel.

6. The conical nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coolant passages in the second section have the same cross-sectional area at all points along the axial direction of the inner shell.

7. The conical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing rib is integral with the inner shell; and / or The thickness of the reinforcing rib at its narrowest point shall not be less than 2 mm.

8. The conical nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner shell has flanges at both ends, the end of the transition shell abuts against the flanges, and the outer shell has connecting flanges at both ends, with the outer periphery of the flange abutting against the inner wall of the connecting flange.

9. The conical nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The connecting flange is also provided with a stop.

10. The conical nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a valve distribution ring, on which an air inlet is provided and a plurality of air inlet pipes are evenly spaced along the circumference of the valve distribution ring. The connecting flange at the nozzle inlet end is provided with a first through hole for the air inlet pipe to pass through, and the flange at the nozzle inlet end is provided with a second through hole for the air inlet pipe to pass through. The second through hole communicates with the inner cavity of the inner shell. The air inlet pipe passes through the first through hole and is inserted into the second through hole, and can provide cold air to the nozzle tangentially along the inner wall of the inner shell.

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