Conical lens and X-ray system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of optical instruments, and discloses a conical lens and an X-ray system.The conical lens comprises a conical tube, a light inlet is formed in the inlet end face of the conical tube, a light outlet is formed in the outlet end face of the conical tube, the radius of the light inlet is smaller than that of the light outlet, and a reflection space is defined by the inner wall of the conical tube; the axis of the conical tube is used for being overlapped with the optical axis of the X-ray source, so that light rays emitted by the X-ray source form single reflection in the reflection space. The X-ray is regulated and controlled through the conical external expansion inner wall of the conical tube by utilizing a total reflection principle, so that light rays are reflected once in a reflection space, the reflection times of the light rays are reduced, the loss of the light rays in reflection is further reduced, and the reflection efficiency of the light rays is improved. Moreover, the conical tube can reflect more X-rays, the formed annular light spot increases the focal spot light intensity required by the experiment, and the utilization rate of the light source is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical instrument technology, and more particularly to a conical lens and an X-ray system. Background Technology

[0002] In X-ray systems equipped with large-sized light sources, such as focusing spectrometers with spatial resolution (FSSRs), the utilization rate of the light source is too low. In this system, the light received by the curved crystal is direct light emitted from a target point with a radius of approximately 0.5 mm. Due to the very low transmission efficiency of the curved crystal, the power density required at the focal spot cannot be met when using only direct light. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.

[0004] In view of the above, according to the first aspect of the technical solution of this application, a conical lens is provided, the conical lens comprising: a conical tube, the inlet end face of the conical tube being provided with a light inlet, the outlet end face of the conical tube being provided with a light outlet, the radius of the light inlet being smaller than the radius of the light outlet, the inner wall of the conical tube enclosing a reflection space, and the axis of the conical tube being used to coincide with the optical axis of the X-ray source, so that the light emitted by the X-ray source forms a single reflection in the reflection space.

[0005] In some of the technical solutions provided in this application, the radius of the light inlet and the radius of the light outlet are greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0006] In some of the technical solutions provided in this application, the radius of the light inlet is 0.5mm to 30mm.

[0007] In some of the technical solutions provided in this application, the radius of the light outlet is 2mm to 40mm, and the axial slope of the inner wall of the tapered tube is 3 to 400 milliradians.

[0008] In some of the technical solutions provided in this application, the distance between the inlet end face and the outlet end face is 2mm to 30mm, and the axial distance between the inlet end face and the X-ray source is 0mm to 500mm.

[0009] In some of the technical solutions provided in this application, the axial distance between the exit end face and the imaging surface is 0mm to 1000mm.

[0010] In some of the technical solutions provided in this application, the surface roughness of the inner wall of the tapered tube is less than or equal to Ra3.2μm.

[0011] In some of the technical solutions provided in this application, the material of the tapered tube is silicate glass.

[0012] In some of the technical solutions provided in this application, the conical lens further includes a coating layer covering the inner wall of the conical tube.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides an X-ray system comprising: an X-ray source and a conical lens as provided in any of the above-described technical solutions. The X-ray source is used to emit light rays, and the axis of the conical lens coincides with the optical axis of the X-ray source.

[0014] Compared with related technologies, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0015] By utilizing the conical shape of the conical tube's expanding inner wall and employing the principle of total internal reflection, X-rays are controlled, enabling single reflection within the reflection space. This reduces the number of reflections, thereby minimizing light loss and improving reflection efficiency. Furthermore, the conical tube reflects more X-rays, creating a ring-shaped light spot that increases the required focal spot intensity for the experiment, effectively improving the utilization rate of the light source. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of some embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 One of the schematic diagrams of the structure of a conical lens provided in this application;

[0018] Figure 2 A second schematic diagram of the structure of a conical lens according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a conical lens according to one embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 A geometrical schematic diagram of a conical lens provided in this application;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a geometric schematic diagram of a conical capillary lens for related technologies;

[0022] Figure 6 An optical path transmission diagram of a conical lens according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a mathematical model of a conical lens provided in this application.

[0024] in, Figures 1 to 7 The correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the attached drawings is as follows:

[0025] 10 Conical lens, 100 Conical tube, 110 Inlet end face, 111 Light inlet, 120 Outlet end face, 121 Light outlet, 130 Reflection space, 200 Coating layer, 20 X-ray source, 21 Imaging plane, 10' Conical capillary lens. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To better understand the above technical solutions, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this application and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0027] The first aspect of this application provides a conical lens 10, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the conical lens 10 includes a conical tube 100, with an inlet end face 110 of the conical tube 100 having a light inlet 111 and an outlet end face 120 having a light outlet 121. The radius of the light inlet 111 is smaller than the radius of the light outlet 121. The inner wall of the conical tube 100 encloses a reflection space 130. The axis of the conical tube 100 is used to coincide with the optical axis of the X-ray source 20, so that the light emitted by the X-ray source 20 forms a single reflection within the reflection space 130.

[0028] In this embodiment, the tapered tube 100 is used in an X-ray system, which may be a multi-frame focusing imaging spectrometer (FSSR). The tapered tube 100 has a truncated cone shape, and the cross-section of the truncated cone is parallel to the base of the cone. The axis of the tapered tube 100 is its center line of symmetry. Figure 3 In the diagram, P is the axis of the tapered tube 100, and the tapered tube 100 is a rotating body formed by rotating around the axis.

[0029] The conical tube 100 has a hollow structure, and its inner wall encloses a reflection space 130. An X-ray source 20 is located on one side of the conical tube 100, with the axis of the conical tube 100 coinciding with the optical axis of the X-ray source 20. Light emitted from the X-ray source 20 enters the reflection space 130 through the light inlet 111 of the conical tube 100's inlet end face 110. After reflection by the inner wall of the conical tube 100, the light exits the conical tube 100 through the light outlet 121 of the outlet end face 120. The radius of the light inlet 111 of the conical tube 100 is smaller than the radius of the light outlet 121, resulting in a large opening and a small opening at each end of the conical tube 100. The small opening of the conical tube 100 faces the X-ray source 20, allowing light to enter the conical tube 100 through the small opening and exit through the large opening.

[0030] It should be noted that for X-rays to undergo total internal reflection, the critical angle for total internal reflection must be met, i.e., the grazing angle of incidence must be less than the critical angle for total internal reflection. In related technologies, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the large opening of the conical capillary lens 10' faces the X-ray source 20. Light enters through the large opening of the conical capillary lens 10' and exits through the small opening. The grazing incidence angle θ is equal to the incidence angle θr plus the slope a of the conical tangent. Figure 5 As shown, the small opening of the conical tube 100 faces the X-ray source 20, which is opposite to the direction of use of the conical capillary lens 10' in the related technology. The grazing incidence angle θ is equal to the incidence angle θr minus the slope a of the conical tangent. The reverse use of the conical tube 100 makes the slope of the incident light and the slope of the tangent of the conical surface positively related, which makes the grazing incidence angle smaller and makes it easier to meet the condition of the critical angle of total internal reflection. As a result, the reflected light is directly emitted through the outwardly expanded light outlet 121, forming a single reflection.

[0031] like Figure 6 As shown, light rays are reflected by the cone tube 100, forming a ring-shaped spot on the imaging surface 21 to enhance a portion of the focal spot. The focal spot is matched to the bent crystal position in the multi-amplitude FSSR spectrometer. This allows the cone tube 100 to control other diverging rays without affecting the original direct light, thereby increasing the light source utilization and the power density gain at the focal spot.

[0032] By utilizing the principle of total internal reflection through the conical outer expansion of the inner wall of the conical tube 100, X-rays are controlled, enabling single reflection within the reflection space 130. This reduces the number of reflections, thereby minimizing light loss and improving reflection efficiency. Furthermore, the conical tube 100 reflects more X-rays, forming a ring-shaped light spot that increases the focal spot intensity required for the experiment, effectively improving the utilization rate of the light source.

[0033] In some embodiments provided in this application, the radius of the light inlet 111 and the radius of the light outlet 121 are greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0034] In this embodiment, the opening range of the tapered tube 100 is defined, resulting in a large-diameter opening. Since the radius of the target point is typically around 0.5 mm, the opening of the tapered tube 100 is larger than the radius of the light source, allowing more X-rays to enter the tapered tube 100, expanding the X-ray receiving range and improving the utilization rate of the light source. Furthermore, the large diameter makes it easier to process the inner wall of the tapered tube 100, such as through coating technology, improving the operational convenience of related processes.

[0035] In some embodiments provided in this application, the radius of the light inlet 111 is 0.5 mm to 30 mm.

[0036] In this embodiment, the opening size of the light inlet 111 is further defined. It should be noted that the light source utilization rate and overall average gain do not increase with the increase of the inlet radius; rather, they are inversely proportional. An increase in the inlet radius leads to a decrease in the slope of the reflecting surface, indirectly increasing the angle between the incident light and the reflecting surface, thereby reducing reflectivity and consequently decreasing the light source utilization rate and overall average gain. By limiting the radius of the light inlet 111, the light inlet radius is kept within a reasonable range, expanding the light receiving range while avoiding an excessively large opening size that would result in excessively low light source utilization rate and overall average gain.

[0037] In some embodiments provided in this application, the radius of the light outlet 121 is 2 mm to 40 mm, and the axial slope of the inner wall of the tapered tube 100 is 3 to 400 milliradians.

[0038] In this embodiment, the geometric dimensions of the tapered tube 100 are further defined. Figure 7 In the diagram, L is the axial length of the tapered tube 100, and R... i Let R111 be the radius of the light inlet 111, R0 be the radius of the light outlet 121, and a be the axial slope of the inner wall of the tapered tube 100, i.e., the slope of the conical surface. In the mathematical model of the tapered tube 100, the X-ray source is used as the origin of the spatial rectangular coordinate system, and the axis of the tapered tube 100 is used as the Z-axis to establish a coordinate system. x, y, and z are the coordinate variables in the three-dimensional coordinate system, respectively. Then, the radial surface of the tapered tube 100 conforms to the mathematical equation:

[0039] x 2 +y 2 =[a(z-f1)+b] 2 #(1)

[0040] in, b = R i

[0041] When the radius of the light inlet 111 is increased, the radius of the light outlet 121 and the slope of the reflecting surface will also change. By limiting the radius and axial slope of the light outlet 121 within a reasonable range, the tapered tube 100 can maximize the utilization rate of the light source while controlling X-rays.

[0042] In some embodiments provided in this application, the distance between the inlet end face 110 and the outlet end face 120 is 2 mm to 30 mm, and the axial distance between the inlet end face 110 and the X-ray source 20 is 0 mm to 500 mm.

[0043] In this embodiment, the geometric dimensions of the tapered tube 100 are further defined. The distance between the inlet end face 110 and the outlet end face 120 is the axial length L of the tapered tube 100, and f1 is the axial distance between the inlet end face 110 and the X-ray source 20. By limiting the axial length and the inlet end face 110 within a reasonable range, the tapered tube 100 can maximize the utilization rate of the light source while controlling the X-rays.

[0044] In some embodiments provided in this application, the axial distance between the exit end face 120 and the imaging surface 21 is 0 mm to 1000 mm.

[0045] In this embodiment, Figure 7 In the diagram, f2 is the axial distance between the exit end face 120 and the imaging surface 21, and R... f The radius of the focal spot is given, and the slope 'a' of the cone conforms to the parametric design formula:

[0046]

[0047] In the process of designing specific parameters, by limiting the range of values ​​for f2, the size and position of the focal spot on the imaging surface 21 can be limited, and the width and position of the annular enhancement can be changed according to experimental requirements.

[0048] In some embodiments provided in this application, the surface roughness of the inner wall of the tapered tube 100 is less than or equal to Ra 3.2 μm.

[0049] In this embodiment, reflectivity is the ratio of the amount of effectively reflected light to the amount of light incident on the tube wall. When the surface roughness of the inner wall of the tapered tube 100 is large, most of the incident light rays have an excessively large angle with the tube wall, resulting in less effectively reflected light and thus a low reflectivity within the reflection space 130. By limiting the surface roughness of the inner wall of the tapered tube 100 to less than 5A grade, the reflection efficiency of the tapered tube 100 is guaranteed, and the utilization rate of the light source and the overall average gain are improved.

[0050] In some embodiments provided in this application, the tapered tube 100 is made of silicate glass.

[0051] In this embodiment, silicate glass has good optical properties and is easy to process and shape, and has high flexibility and controllability in the manufacturing process, which facilitates the forming of the tapered tube 100.

[0052] In some embodiments provided in this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, the conical lens 10 also includes a coating layer 200 covering the inner wall of the conical tube 100.

[0053] In this embodiment, for example, the material of the coating layer 200 can be metallic iridium. The reflective surface of the tapered tube 100 is coated to increase the critical angle of total internal reflection, enabling the reflective surface to reflect more X-rays, thereby improving the light source utilization and the average gain at the focal spot.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, the axial length L of the tapered tube 100 is approximately 100 mm, and the radius R of the light inlet 111 of the tapered tube 100 is... i The radius R0 of the light outlet 121 is approximately 1 mm and 7 mm, the axial slope a of the conical surface is approximately 60 milliradians, and the entrance focal length f1 and exit focal length f2 are approximately 2 mm and 298 mm, respectively.

[0055] The light source parameters are as follows: energy point approximately 1.5 keV, light source radius approximately 0.5 mm, iridium coating material on the surface of the tapered tube 100 with a mass density of approximately 22.3 g / cm³, light source utilization gain and power density gain of the partial annular focal spot approximately 2 and 4.5, respectively. In the above embodiments, "approximately" indicates an error within ±5%.

[0056] A second aspect of this application provides an X-ray system comprising an X-ray source 20 and a conical lens 10 as described in any of the above embodiments. The X-ray source 20 is used to emit light rays, and the axis of the conical lens 100 coincides with the optical axis of the X-ray source 20.

[0057] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the X-ray system includes the conical lens 10 provided in any of the above embodiments, and therefore has all the beneficial technical effects of the conical lens 10. To avoid repetition, these effects will not be described in detail here.

[0058] In this utility model, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "join," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "join" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0059] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0060] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0061] The above are merely some embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A conical lens, characterized in that, include: A conical tube is provided with an inlet port on its inlet end face and an outlet port on its outlet end face. The radius of the inlet port is smaller than the radius of the outlet port. The inner wall of the conical tube encloses a reflection space. The axis of the conical tube is used to coincide with the optical axis of the X-ray source, so that the light emitted by the X-ray source is reflected once in the reflection space.

2. The conical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of the light inlet and the radius of the light outlet are greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.

3. The conical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of the light inlet is 0.5 mm to 30 mm.

4. The conical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of the light outlet is 2mm to 40mm, and the axial slope of the inner wall of the tapered tube is 3 to 400 milliradians.

5. The conical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the inlet end face and the outlet end face is 2mm to 30mm, and the axial distance between the inlet end face and the X-ray source is 0mm to 500mm.

6. The conical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial distance between the exit end face and the imaging surface is 0mm to 1000mm.

7. The conical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface roughness of the inner wall of the tapered tube is less than or equal to Ra3.2μm.

8. The conical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tapered tube is made of silicate glass.

9. The conical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A coating layer is applied to the inner wall of the tapered tube.

10. An X-ray system, characterized in that, include: X-ray source, used to emit light; The conical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the axis of the conical tube coincides with the optical axis of the X-ray source.

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