Friction stir additive manufacturing device for aviation workpiece
By using an inclined discharge port, an inverted frustum-shaped stirring pin, and variable frequency ultrasonic vibration in a friction stir additive manufacturing device, the problem of weak bonding at the interface of dissimilar materials was solved, and high-quality manufacturing of aerospace parts was achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520490350.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-20
AI Technical Summary
In existing friction stir additive manufacturing equipment, weak connections are easily formed at the interface between dissimilar materials when manufacturing aerospace parts, which affects product quality.
A friction stir additive manufacturing device, including a shoulder, a stirring pin, and an ultrasonic vibration device, is used to preheat, mix, and plastically deform materials through an inclined discharge port, an inverted frustum-shaped stirring pin, and a variable frequency ultrasonic vibration device, thereby improving the bonding strength and material flowability.
It avoids additive material clogging, improves the bonding strength and product quality of dissimilar materials, enhances the mixing effect of materials, and improves the performance of aerospace parts.
Smart Images
Figure CN223916908U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of additive manufacturing, and specifically provides a stirring friction additive manufacturing device for aviation workpieces. BACKGROUND
[0002] Additive manufacturing technology is a technology for constructing objects by layer-by-layer accumulation of materials. Compared with traditional subtractive manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high material utilization, high design freedom, and the ability to manufacture complex structures, and has broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, and the like. Traditional additive manufacturing technology usually uses a laser beam or an electric arc as a heat source for additive manufacturing, which is suitable for the manufacturing of high-temperature alloys.
[0003] Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-phase joining technology that uses a high-speed rotating stir head to generate heat through friction with the workpiece, causing the material to reach a thermoplastic state and enabling the material to be joined under the action of the stir head. In recent years, researchers have begun to explore the application of FSW technology in the field of additive manufacturing, i.e., friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) technology. FSAM technology uses the principle of FSW to manufacture three-dimensional solid parts by layer-by-layer accumulation. Compared with traditional fusion welding additive manufacturing technology, FSAM keeps the material in a solid state during the machining process, avoiding defects such as pores, cracks, and composition segregation that are common in the fusion welding process, and can obtain dense and mechanically excellent deposited layers. In addition, FSAM has the characteristics of low heat input, small heat-affected zone, and low residual stress, and is particularly suitable for the additive manufacturing of aviation workpieces made of lightweight high-strength materials such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and copper alloys. This technology can achieve efficient, high-precision, and low-cost manufacturing of complex structural parts while meeting the green and environmentally friendly manufacturing requirements, providing a new solution for the low-cost and high-performance manufacturing of complex metal structural parts.
[0004] The common additives for friction stir additive manufacturing are plates, bars, and wires. These additive forms have the disadvantages of large structure size and insufficient feeding continuity when implementing additive manufacturing, and the use of powder additives solves these problems. In addition, controlling the ratio of powder to base material can also direct the manufacturing of structural parts that are suitable for different use environments. However, due to the large differences in properties such as thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient between different materials used to prepare aviation workpieces, weak connections are easily formed at the interface between the different materials, affecting the quality of the product.
[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a stirring friction additive manufacturing device suitable for aviation workpieces to improve the production quality of stirring friction additive manufacturing. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS
[0006] In view of this, the utility model discloses a kind of aviation workpiece with stir friction additive manufacturing device, to solve the problem that exists in the manufacture of aviation workpiece using existing stir friction additive manufacturing device.
[0007] The utility model provides a kind of aviation workpiece with stir friction additive manufacturing device, for completing the stir friction additive manufacturing of aviation workpiece on base material, the aviation workpiece with stir friction additive manufacturing device includes: shaft shoulder, stirring needle and ultrasonic vibration device, wherein, the lower part of the shaft shoulder is inverted circular platform type, a plurality of independent feed channels are arranged in the shaft shoulder, the discharge port of the feed channel is interval arranged on the inclined side wall of the lower part of the shaft shoulder inverted circular platform type, a rotating main shaft is arranged in the middle of the shaft shoulder, the stirring needle is connected with the rotating main shaft and extends the bottom circle of the lower part of the shaft shoulder inverted circular platform type, the ultrasonic vibration device is arranged below the base material, for emitting ultrasonic wave.
[0008] Preferably, the discharge port of the feed channel is inclined downward.
[0009] Further preferably, the discharge port of the feed channel is equally spaced along the inclined side wall of the lower part of the shaft shoulder inverted circular platform type.
[0010] Further preferably, the stirring needle is inverted circular platform type.
[0011] Further preferably, the stirring needle bottom is provided with a plurality of helical gradient bosses symmetrically about the center of the bottom surface of the stirring needle, and the width of the helical gradient boss gradually narrows from outside to inside.
[0012] Further preferably, the ultrasonic vibration device is a variable frequency ultrasonic vibration device.
[0013] Further preferably, the aviation workpiece with stir friction additive manufacturing device further comprises an ultrasonic pad plate arranged between the ultrasonic vibration device and the base material.
[0014] The aviation workpiece with stir friction additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method provided by the utility model can avoid additive material blockage, preheat additive powder, improve bonding strength, reduce external force required for additive manufacturing, enhance material flowability, promote material mixing and recrystallization, and improve product quality of aviation workpiece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015] The utility model will be further described in detail in combination with the drawings and embodiments:
[0016] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the aviation workpiece with stir friction additive manufacturing device provided by the utility model is shown in the figure;
[0017] Figure 2 It is the sectional view of shaft shoulder and stirring needle.
[0018] Figure 3 The layout drawing of the helical taper boss of the stirring needle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The utility model will be further explained in combination with specific implementation, but not limited to the utility model.
[0020] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, the utility model provides a kind of aviation workpiece is stirred with friction additive manufacturing device, for completing the aviation workpiece of stirring friction additive manufacturing on base material 10, which aviation workpiece is stirred with friction additive manufacturing device includes: shaft shoulder 1, stirring needle 2 and ultrasonic vibration device 3, wherein, the lower part of the shaft shoulder 1 is inverted circular platform type, a plurality of independent feed channels 11 are arranged in the shaft shoulder 1, the discharge port 111 of the feed channel 11 is arranged on the inclined side wall of the lower part of the inverted circular platform type of the shaft shoulder 1, a rotating main shaft 12 is arranged in the middle of the shaft shoulder 1, the stirring needle 2 is connected with the rotating main shaft 12 and extends the bottom circle of the lower part of the inverted circular platform type of the shaft shoulder 1, the ultrasonic vibration device 3 is arranged below the base material 10, for emitting ultrasonic wave, preferably, the ultrasonic vibration device is arranged in the intermediate position of the forward route of stirring needle.
[0021] The aviation workpiece is stirred with friction additive manufacturing device, the discharge port is arranged on the inclined side wall of the shaft shoulder, compared with the structure that traditional discharge port is located in the interior of the shaft shoulder, avoid the problem of blockage caused by material accumulation, in addition, in the process of stirring friction additive manufacturing, the heat generated by the friction between stirring needle and base material causes material plasticization, in this process, heat radiates from the position of stirring needle to the surrounding base material, can make the temperature of surrounding base material rise, and then preheat additive powder accumulated in the forward direction of stirring needle by discharge port, help additive powder and base material mix, improve the bonding strength, in addition, by setting ultrasonic vibration device, the temperature of base material and additive can be increased by the energy generated by ultrasonic vibration in the process of additive manufacturing, to promote material plastic deformation, reduce the external force required for additive manufacturing, in addition, ultrasonic vibration can effectively enhance the fluidity of material, make stirring needle more easily stir and mix material, and promote dynamic recrystallization, refine grain, improve the product quality of aviation workpiece.
[0022] As technical solutions improve, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 shown, the discharge port 111 of the feed channel 11 is arranged downwardly, the feed inlet 112 is arranged above the shaft shoulder, the discharge port is used to accumulate additive powder in the forward direction of stirring needle, preferably, the feed channel 11 is cylindrical channel, the direction of discharge port 111 is perpendicular to the inclined side wall of the lower part of the inverted circular platform type of the shaft shoulder 1, wherein, the included angle θ between the discharge direction of discharge port 111 and horizontal plane is between 30 to 60 degrees.
[0023] As an improvement of the technical solution, as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the discharge port 111 of the feeding channel 11 is arranged at intervals along the inclined side wall of the inverted truncated cone-shaped lower part of the shaft shoulder 1. When the additive powder needs to be adjusted, only the shaft shoulder needs to be rotated so that the corresponding discharge port is located in the forward direction of the stirring needle, Figure 1 , Figure 2 An embodiment in which the feeding channel is two is given.
[0024] As an improvement of the technical solution, as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the stirring needle 2 is in the shape of an inverted truncated cone, and the diameter of the bottom of the stirring needle is smaller than the diameter of the top.
[0025] As an improvement of the technical solution, as shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 , the bottom of the stirring needle 2 is provided with a plurality of helical gradient bosses 21 that are symmetrically centered about the bottom surface of the stirring needle 2, and the width of the helical gradient boss 21 gradually narrows from the outside to the inside, as shown in Figure 3 , the width w2 of the outer side of the boss is greater than the width w1 of the inner side of the boss, and the helical gradient boss can realize the gathering and mixing of the end face material during the friction stir additive manufacturing process, Figure 3 An example of six helical gradient bosses is given.
[0026] As an improvement of the technical solution, the ultrasonic vibration device 3 is a variable frequency ultrasonic vibration device, and by adjusting the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device, the consistency of the ultrasonic auxiliary effect can be ensured. Specifically, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device increases with the increase of the distance between the ultrasonic vibration device and the stirring needle 2.
[0027] As an improvement of the technical solution, as shown in Figure 1 , the friction stir additive manufacturing device for aviation workpieces further comprises an ultrasonic pad 4 arranged between the ultrasonic vibration device 3 and the base material 10.
[0028] The method for additive manufacturing using the above-mentioned friction stir additive manufacturing device for aviation workpieces is as follows:
[0029] S1: Move the shaft shoulder 1 and the stirring needle 2 in the friction stir additive manufacturing device for aviation workpieces to above the additive manufacturing start position, arrange the ultrasonic vibration device 3 in the friction stir additive manufacturing device for aviation workpieces below the base material 10, and correspondingly send the additive material (powder) into different feeding channels of the shaft shoulder 1, wherein the type of additive powder is not limited to metal materials;
[0030] S2: Start the ultrasonic vibration device 3 and the stirring needle 2, and press the stirring needle 2 into the base material 10;
[0031] S3: the shaft shoulder 1 is used to accumulate the additive powder 9 required on the advancing route of the stirring needle 2, and the additive powder 9 accumulated on the advancing route is plastically deformed by the friction stirring of the advancing stirring needle 2, finally, the plastic material is fused in the additive direction by the extrusion of the shaft shoulder 1 and the friction stirring of the stirring needle 2, and a layer of the deposited layer 8 is formed;
[0032] S4: when a layer of the deposited layer is completed, the discharge of the discharge port 111 is controlled to be suspended, and the shaft shoulder 1 and the stirring needle 2 are moved to the position of the previous layer of the deposited layer, the retreat side of the previous stage is changed into the advancing side of the current stage, the discharge port 111 of the advancing side of the current stage is used to accumulate the additive powder 9 required on the advancing route of the stirring needle 2, and the additive powder 9 accumulated is plastically deformed by the friction stirring of the advancing stirring needle 2, finally, the plastic material is fused in the additive direction by the extrusion of the shaft shoulder 1 and the friction stirring of the stirring needle 2, and a layer of the deposited layer 8 is formed;
[0033] S5: repeating S3 and S4 until the target of the friction stirring additive manufacturing is completed.
[0034] As an improvement of the technical scheme, the aviation workpiece friction stirring additive manufacturing method further comprises the step of adjusting the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device is increased with the increase of the distance between the ultrasonic vibration device and the stirring needle 2, so as to ensure the consistency of the ultrasonic assistance.
[0035] As an improvement of the technical scheme, the aviation workpiece friction stirring additive manufacturing method further comprises the step of rotating the shaft shoulder 1 to make the discharge port 111 loaded with the required additive powder 9 face the advancing direction of the stirring needle 2.
[0036] Embodiment 1
[0037] The aviation workpiece friction stirring additive manufacturing device is used to manufacture the aviation battery box, and the steps are as follows:
[0038] S1: the shaft shoulder 1 and the stirring needle 2 in the aviation workpiece friction stirring additive manufacturing device are moved to above the additive manufacturing starting position, the ultrasonic vibration device 3 in the aviation workpiece friction stirring additive manufacturing device is arranged below the base material 10, and the manually selected magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy powder are used as additive materials and correspondingly sent into the two feeding channels of the shaft shoulder 1, wherein the two feeding channels are symmetrically arranged about the main shaft;
[0039] S2: the ultrasonic vibration device 3 and the stirring needle 2 are started, the stirring needle 2 rotates at a speed of 1000 r / min, and penetrates into the 2024 aluminum alloy base plate 10 in the rotating state, and the stirring needle is preheated by friction with the base plate 10 in the penetrating process;
[0040] S3: the magnesium alloy powder is accumulated on the advancing route of the stirring needle 2 by the discharge port 111 on the shaft shoulder 1, the high-temperature aluminum alloy substrate preheats the additive powder; meanwhile, the stirring needle rotates at a rotating speed of 1000 r / min and advances at a speed of 120 mm / min, in the process, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device increases with the increase of the distance between the stirring needle and the ultrasonic vibration device, the additive powder is plastically deformed under the stirring friction of the stirring needle, and the plastic material is fused in the additive direction and a deposition layer 8 is formed under the extrusion of the shaft shoulder, the stirring friction of the stirring needle and the ultrasonic auxiliary action;
[0041] S4: when a deposition layer is completed, the discharge port 111 on the advancing side is controlled to suspend discharging (the magnesium alloy powder), and the shaft shoulder 1 and the stirring needle 2 are moved to the position of the last deposition layer, the last stage of the retreating side becomes the advancing side of this stage, the discharge port 111 on the advancing side of this stage is controlled to accumulate the aluminum alloy powder on the advancing route of the stirring needle 2, the stirring needle starts the next stage of advancement, and a new deposition layer 8 is formed;
[0042] S5: repeating S3 and S4 until the target of the friction stir additive manufacturing is completed.
[0043] The aviation battery box manufactured by the method has better shock absorption effect after the magnesium alloy powder is added, so that the service life of the aviation battery can be greatly improved.
[0044] Embodiment 2
[0045] The aviation workpiece friction stir additive manufacturing device is used to manufacture the aircraft landing gear, and the steps are as follows:
[0046] S1: the shaft shoulder 1 and the stirring needle 2 in the aviation workpiece friction stir additive manufacturing device are moved to above the position where the additive manufacturing starts, the ultrasonic vibration device 3 in the aviation workpiece friction stir additive manufacturing device is arranged below the base material 10, and the manually selected carbon fiber powder and aluminum alloy powder are correspondingly fed into two feeding channels of the shaft shoulder 1 as additive materials, wherein the two feeding channels are symmetrically arranged about the main shaft;
[0047] S2: the ultrasonic vibration device 3 and the stirring needle 2 are started, the stirring needle 2 rotates at a rotating speed of 800 r / min and penetrates into the aluminum alloy substrate 10 for additive manufacturing in a rotating state, and the stirring needle and the substrate 10 are frictionally preheated in the penetrating process;
[0048] S3: the carbon fiber powder is accumulated on the advancing route of the stirring needle 2 by the discharge port 111 on the shaft shoulder 1, the high-temperature 7075 aluminum alloy substrate preheats the additive powder; at the same time, the stirring needle rotates at a speed of 800 r / min and advances at a speed of 120 mm / min, in this process, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration device increases with the increase of the distance between the stirring needle and the ultrasonic vibration device, the additive powder is plastically deformed under the action of the friction stir of the stirring needle, under the extrusion of the shaft shoulder, the friction stir of the stirring needle and the ultrasonic auxiliary action, the plasticized material melts in the additive direction and forms a layer of deposition layer 8;
[0049] S4: when a layer of deposition layer is completed, the discharge port 111 on the advancing side is controlled to suspend discharging (carbon fiber powder), and the shaft shoulder 1 and the stirring needle 2 are moved to the position of the last layer of deposition layer, the retreat side of the last stage becomes the advancing side of this stage, the discharge port 111 on the advancing side of this stage is controlled to accumulate the aluminum alloy powder on the advancing route of the stirring needle 2, the stirring needle starts to advance in the next stage, and a new layer of deposition layer 8 is formed.
[0050] S5: repeat S3 and S4 until the target of the friction stir additive manufacturing is completed.
[0051] The aircraft landing gear manufactured by the method can not only improve the metallurgical bonding quality of dissimilar alloys and enhance the strength of the material, but also can effectively resist low-temperature impact when the aircraft landing gear runs in a low-temperature environment after adding the carbon fiber powder, so that the fatigue life of the aircraft landing gear can be greatly improved.
[0052] The embodiments of the utility model are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge range of the ordinary skill in the art without departing from the purpose of the utility model.
Claims
1. A friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus for aerospace workpieces, used to complete the friction stir additive manufacturing of aerospace workpieces on a substrate (10), characterized in that, include: The shoulder (1), stirring needle (2), and ultrasonic vibration device (3) are provided. The lower part of the shoulder (1) is in the shape of an inverted frustum. Multiple independent feeding channels (11) are provided inside the shoulder (1). The outlets (111) of the feeding channels (11) are spaced apart on the inclined sidewall of the lower part of the inverted frustum of the shoulder (1). A rotating spindle (12) is provided in the middle of the shoulder (1). The stirring needle (2) is connected to the rotating spindle (12) and extends out of the bottom circle of the lower part of the inverted frustum of the shoulder (1). The ultrasonic vibration device (3) is located below the substrate (10) and is used to emit ultrasonic waves.
2. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus for aerospace workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet (111) of the feed channel (11) is inclined downward.
3. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus for aerospace workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port (111) of the feed channel (11) is equally spaced along the inclined sidewall of the lower part of the frustum-shaped shoulder (1).
4. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus for aerospace workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring needle (2) is in the shape of an inverted frustum.
5. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus for aerospace workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the stirring needle (2) is provided with a plurality of spirally tapered protrusions (21) symmetrical about the center of the bottom surface of the stirring needle (2), and the width of the spirally tapered protrusions (21) gradually narrows from the outside to the inside.
6. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus for aerospace workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration device (3) is a variable frequency ultrasonic vibration device.
7. The friction stir additive manufacturing apparatus for aerospace workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an ultrasonic pad (4) disposed between the ultrasonic vibration device (3) and the substrate (10).