System and apparatus for testing eruption characteristics of test sample

Abstract

The utility model relates to a system and a device for testing eruption characteristics of a test sample. An eruption test apparatus for testing an electrochemical energy storage cell that controls the directionality of an eruption from an eruption cell. In one example, an eruption test apparatus includes a directional eruption housing that holds a test sample including one or more cells and includes an eruption opening that allows eruption products from the eruption test sample to move in a predetermined eruption direction. An impact force measurement system is coupled to the directional firing housing in a manner that measures an impact force along a predetermined firing direction when the test sample is fired. A mass loss measurement system is in operational relationship with the test sample to measure a mass loss of the test sample caused by eruption of the test sample. Other examples and related systems are also disclosed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present utility model relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage batteries generally. Specifically, the present utility model relates to eruption-testing apparatuses and systems for electrochemical energy storage batteries. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, the high energy density and lightweight characteristics of lithium-ion batteries have led to a significant increase in their use, particularly in soft-pack batteries, due to the demand for portable electronic devices. However, these batteries are prone to thermal runaway, a dangerous condition in which the temperature of the battery rapidly increases, leading to the release of flammable gases and potential explosions. This presents a significant safety risk, especially in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and other applications where battery failure can have catastrophic consequences.

[0003] Understanding the dynamics of battery failure, particularly the eruption velocity during thermal runaway, is crucial for improving battery safety and design. Traditional methods of assessing battery safety focus on temperature monitoring and gas release analysis, but these methods do not provide a complete picture of the mechanical forces involved during an eruption. Accurate measurement of eruption velocity can provide valuable insights into energy release and potential impact forces, which are essential for designing safer battery systems and protective measures. As the use of lithium-ion batteries continues to grow, there is an urgent need for innovative methods to accurately measure and analyze these critical parameters. SUMMARY

[0004] In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a system for testing an eruption characteristic of a test sample, the test sample comprising one or more electrochemical energy storage batteries. The system comprises: a directional eruption housing designed and configured to hold the test sample during a testing operation, the directional eruption housing having an eruption opening that allows eruption products from the test sample to move in a predetermined eruption direction when the test sample erupts; an impact force measurement system coupled in force-measuring relation to the directional eruption housing such that the impact force measurement system measures an impact force along the predetermined eruption direction when the test sample erupts when the test sample erupts; and a mass loss measurement system in operative relationship with the test sample when the test sample is present in the directional eruption housing so as to measure a mass loss of the test sample caused by an eruption of the test sample.

[0005] In some embodiments, the test sample includes one or more pouch cells, each having a core stack direction; and the directional ejection housing is a C-shaped structure having a pair of arms spaced apart along the core stack direction, the pair of arms being joined by a base at a first end and defining the ejection opening at a second end spaced apart from the first end, when the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing.

[0006] In some embodiments, the directional ejection housing is movably guided by a friction reduction structure.

[0007] In some embodiments, the friction reduction structure includes rollers having corresponding axes of rotation perpendicular to the predetermined ejection direction.

[0008] In some embodiments, the rollers are positioned to constrain movement of the pair of arms in a direction parallel to the core stack direction when the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing and being ejected.

[0009] In some embodiments, the system further includes: a first rigid support rotatably supporting a first set of rollers; and a second rigid support rotatably supporting a second set of rollers; wherein the first rigid support and the second rigid support are spaced apart from each other in a direction parallel to the core stack direction when the test sample is located in the directional ejection housing.

[0010] In some embodiments, the core stack direction is oriented vertically when the test sample is located in the directional ejection housing for testing.

[0011] In some embodiments, the mass loss measurement system includes at least one load cell that measures a mass including a mass of the test sample.

[0012] In some embodiments, the mass measured by the at least one load cell further includes a mass of the first set of rollers and the first rigid support.

[0013] In some embodiments, the impact force measurement system includes at least one load cell located between the directional ejection housing and a fixed structure so as to measure an impact force.

[0014] In some embodiments, the impact force measurement system further comprises: a fixed baffle; and a lateral loading structure movably supported by the fixed baffle, the lateral loading structure being in contact with the directional ejection housing during the ejection of the test sample; wherein the at least one load cell is coupled between the fixed baffle and the lateral loading structure.

[0015] In some embodiments, the system further comprises a computing system in operative communication with each of the ejection force measurement system and the mass loss measurement system, the computing system comprising: at least one processor designed and configured to execute machine executable instructions; and a memory operatively coupled to the at least one microprocessor and storing machine executable instructions for calculating an ejection velocity based on force measurement data from the ejection force measurement system and mass loss data from the mass loss measurement system.

[0016] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for testing an ejection characteristic of a test sample, the test sample comprising one or more electrochemical energy storage cells. The apparatus comprises: a directional ejection housing designed and configured to hold the test sample during a test operation, the directional ejection housing having an ejection opening that allows ejection products from the test sample to move in a predetermined ejection direction when the test sample ejects; at least one first load cell force measurement coupled to the directional ejection housing such that the at least one first load cell measures an ejection force along the predetermined ejection direction when the test sample ejects; and at least one second load cell in operative relationship with the test sample when the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing so as to measure a mass including a mass of the test sample.

[0017] In some embodiments: the test sample comprises one or more pouch cells, each of the pouch cells having a core stack direction; and the directional ejection housing is a C-shaped structure having a pair of arms spaced apart along the core stack direction when the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing, the pair of arms being joined by a base at a first end and defining the ejection opening at a second end spaced apart from the first end.

[0018] In some embodiments, the directional ejection housing is movably guided by a friction reduction structure.

[0019] In some embodiments, the friction reduction structure comprises rollers having corresponding axes of rotation that are perpendicular to the predetermined ejection direction.

[0020] In some embodiments, the rollers are positioned to restrict the movement of the pair of arms in a direction parallel to the core stack direction when the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing and is ejecting.

[0021] In some embodiments, the device further includes: a first rigid support member rotatably supporting a first set of rollers; and a second rigid support member rotatably supporting a second set of rollers; wherein, when the test sample is located in the directional ejection housing, the first rigid support member and the second rigid support member are spaced apart from each other in a direction parallel to the core stacking direction.

[0022] In some embodiments, when the test sample is located in the directional ejection housing for testing, the core stack direction is vertically oriented.

[0023] In some embodiments, the device includes a mass loss measurement system that includes the at least one second force sensor that measures mass, including the mass of the test sample.

[0024] In some embodiments, the mass measured by the at least one second force sensor also includes the mass of the first set of rollers and the first rigid support.

[0025] In some embodiments, the device includes an impact force measurement system comprising at least one first force sensor located between the directional ejection housing and the fixed structure to measure the impact force. Attached Figure Description

[0026] For illustrative purposes, the accompanying drawings illustrate aspects of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements and mechanisms shown in the drawings, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a high-level block diagram illustrating an example eruption test system manufactured according to aspects of this disclosure, which can be used to determine the eruption velocity of an eruption test sample;

[0028] Figure 2 It shows an eruption test system (such as...) Figure 1 (Example eruption test system) A graph showing the battery eruption scenario and eruption characteristics measured during the determination of the eruption velocity of the test sample;

[0029] Figure 3A It is possible to be with Figure 1A first isometric view of an example device used in conjunction with the eruption test system, showing a test sample positioned in the device used for testing;

[0030] Figure 3B yes Figure 3A The second isometric view of the example device shows a test sample positioned within the device used for testing;

[0031] Figure 3C yes Figure 3A The third isometric view of the example device shows the device without a test sample;

[0032] Figure 3D It is included Figures 3A to 3C Isometric views of test samples within the directional ejection housing of the device; and

[0033] Figure 3E yes Figures 3A to 3C An isometric view of one of the roller components of the device. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The entire contents of the appended claims are incorporated into this detailed description section, as originally presented herein.

[0035] In some aspects, this disclosure relates to an eruption testing system for determining one or more eruption characteristics of a test sample comprising one or more electrochemical energy storage batteries, or for simplicity, simply referred to as "a battery" or "multiple batteries." In some testing scenarios, the test sample may be or comprise a single battery, while in other testing scenarios, the test sample may be or comprise two or more batteries. In some embodiments, the eruption testing system of this disclosure is applicable to testing individual batteries and battery packs. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that batteries tested using the eruption testing system of this disclosure can be any battery that may experience an eruption during excursion conditions, such as during thermal runaway. Example battery chemicals that may experience thermal runaway include, but are not limited to, chemicals utilizing electrolytes with organic components and / or chemicals utilizing oxygen-containing electrode active materials (e.g., oxide-type cathode active materials), and any combination thereof. Specific types of batteries that may be candidates for testing using an eruption testing system manufactured according to aspects of this disclosure include lithium metal batteries, lithium-ion batteries, sodium metal batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and batteries utilizing another type of alkali metal element, etc. The battery for each test sample can be of any suitable type, such as pouch type or cylindrical. The related methods, apparatus, and software are also described in this paper.

[0036] Now refer to the attached diagram, Figure 1An example eruption testing system 100 manufactured according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. In this example, the eruption testing system 100 includes a directional eruption housing 104 that houses a test sample 108 during test operations. The test sample 108 may consist of or include one or more batteries as described above. As described in more detail below, the directional eruption housing 104 is designed and configured to control the direction of the eruption of the test sample 108 during deviation events, such as thermal runaway events. Controlling the directionality of the eruption provides control over the directionality of the reaction force equal to and opposite to the eruption, and therefore also provides the ability to accurately measure the eruption force. This is in Figure 2 As shown in the figure, Figure 2 The diagram shows a directional eruption housing 204 that contains an eruption test sample 208, the directional eruption housing 204 and the test sample 208 respectively corresponding to Figure 1 The directional ejection shell 104 and the test sample 108.

[0037] refer to Figure 2 In this example, test sample 208 is a pouch cell with a longitudinal axis 212 and a core-stacking direction 216. The pouch cell has a generally rectangular cross-sectional shape defined by: 1) a pair of longitudinal faces 208F extending parallel to the longitudinal axis 212 and spaced apart from each other along the core-stacking direction 216; and 2) a pair of longitudinal sides 208S extending parallel to the longitudinal axis and spaced apart from each other in directions perpendicular to both the longitudinal axis and the core-stacking direction. Correspondingly, in this example, the directional ejection housing 204 has a generally C-shaped cross-sectional shape with a pair of spaced-apart arms 204A fixedly connected to a base 204B and defining an ejection opening 204O opposite to the base. In this example, the combination of the base 204B and the two arms 204A of the directional ejection housing 204 effectively forces the ejected material 220 out of the directional ejection housing through the ejection opening 204O. Therefore, under ideal conditions, the ejected material 220 and the forced ejection of energy produce equal and opposite reaction forces F, which can be measured.

[0038] By measuring the eruption impact force F, the corresponding decrease in the mass of the test sample 208 due to the loss of ejecta 220 during the eruption can be determined by measuring the change in mass M (including the mass of the test sample). In this example, the measured mass M is the sum of the mass of the test sample 208 and the mass of the directional ejection shell 204. During the eruption, the mass of the test sample 208 changes over time with the loss of ejecta 220, while the mass of the directional ejection shell 204 remains constant, such that the detected mass change is only the mass change of the test sample 208. Depending on the location of the force sensor (not shown) used to measure the mass M, the measured mass may include more or less non-test sample structure. Of course, any known type of adjustment, such as tare-mass (weight) adjustment, can be made when determining the mass change of the test sample 208.

[0039] When it is necessary to determine the ejection velocity of ejecta 220 during a thermal runaway event, the law of conservation of momentum can be used. Battery thermal runaway is a transient process; the ejection rate is not constant but varies as a function of time t. Within a very short time step, ,Right now, As mentioned above, F is the impact force caused by the eruption, and M is the measured mass. This was obtained from the measured mass change curve (not shown) obtained during the eruption event. Then, combined with the measured impact force F curve (not shown) and the determined... The value is used to calculate the eruption velocity v of test sample 208 during thermal runaway.

[0040] Refer again Figure 1 Furthermore, considering an example method for determining the eruption velocity v, in which the eruption test system 100 includes an eruption force measurement system 112 and a mass loss measurement system 116, the eruption force measurement system 112 having a function for measuring the impact force F during the eruption of the test sample 108. Figure 2 At least one force sensor 112L, and a mass loss measurement system 116 are used to measure mass M to determine the mass change of the test sample during the eruption. Each of the force sensors 112L and 116L can be any load sensor suitable for the task at hand, including any of many well-known load sensors.

[0041] The example eruption test system 100 also includes a processing system 120, which includes a memory 120M and one or more processors 120P, which are operatively coupled to the memory and any other hardware (not shown) required for the operation of the eruption test system. The memory 120M can include any type of hardware memory, including but not limited to RAM, ROM, cache, long-term memory, short-term memory, magnetic memory, bubble memory, solid-state memory, etc., and any suitable combination thereof. Essentially, there are no limitations on the type of memory 120M. The memory 120M stores the following: 1) machine-executable instructions (not shown) for each of the following operational functions: the ejection force measurement system 112, the mass loss measurement system 116, and / or the ejection test system 100, such as determining one or more ejection velocities during the ejection test and optionally controlling any system that causes the test sample 108 to eject and / or measuring any other performance characteristics of the test sample (such as electrical performance characteristics, etc.); 2) data collected by the ejection test system (not shown); and 3) data used by the ejection test system during its operation (not shown). The processor 120P may be any suitable processor capable of executing the machine-executable instructions stored in the memory 120M.

[0042] For the sake of explanation, Figure 1 The illustration shows a portion of the ejection force measurement system 112 including a force sensor 112L and a processing system 120, the processing system 120 including a portion of a processor 120P and a portion of a memory 120M. This is because the ejection force measurement system 112 may require hardware and software for its operation, including, for example, operating (one or more) force sensors 112L to obtain measurements of the impact force F generated by the ejection of the test sample 108 during a test operation. Similarly, Figure 1 The mass loss measurement system 116 is shown as a portion including a force sensor 116L and a processing system 120, the latter including a portion of a processor 120P and a portion of a memory 120M. This is because the mass loss measurement system 116 may require hardware and software for its operation, including, for example, operating (one or more) force sensors 116L to obtain measurements related to the mass loss of the test sample 108 due to the ejection of the test sample during test operations. Those skilled in the art will readily understand how each of the ejection force measurement system 112 and the mass loss measurement system 116 can be configured and performed for any desired instance of the ejection test system 100.

[0043] In some embodiments, the eruption testing system 100 may be configured such that the directional eruption housing 104 and force sensors 112L and 116L are optionally assembled into an eruption testing apparatus 124 separate from the processing system 120. For example, the eruption testing apparatus 124 may be customized for a specific test deployment, while the processing system 120 is part of conventional testing equipment or a general-purpose computing system (such as a laptop or desktop computer). The following description... Figures 3A to 3E It shows what can be used as Figure 1 Example eruption test device 300 of device 124.

[0044] Now for reference Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3D In this example, the eruption test device 300 includes a directional eruption housing 304, which has a generally C-shaped cross-sectional shape and has a similar shape to the one described above relative to... Figure 2 The discussed construction is a rigid structure. In this example, the directional ejection housing 304 is designed and configured to snugly receive the test sample 308, which is here a pouch cell. (As in...) Figure 3A and Figure 3D As best seen, sealing gaskets 312 are located at each end of the directional eruption housing 304 to ensure that the eruption of the test sample 308 occurs only in the direction of the open side 304S of the directional eruption housing 304. Due to the nature of the eruption test, the directional eruption housing should be made of one or more robust materials, such as metal.

[0045] Refer again Figures 3A to 3C In this example, during testing, the directional ejection housing 304 is movably but securely housed within a receptacle 316 defined by the upper retaining assembly 320U and the lower retaining assembly 320L. Figure 3E The image further illustrates the upper retaining assembly 320U and the lower retaining assembly 320L, separate from the rest of the eruption test apparatus 300. In this example, each of the upper retaining assembly 320U and the lower retaining assembly 320L includes a rigid support 324, with a plurality of rollers 328 (only a few rollers 328 are labeled to avoid visual clutter) rotatably attached to the rigid support 324 to allow free movement of the directional eruption housing 304 in a direction parallel to the eruption direction 332, in order to minimize the impact force F of friction on the eruption from the test sample 308 (see [reference]). Figure 2The negative impact of friction on the measurement of the impact force F. Although roller 328 is shown to minimize the negative impact of friction on the measurement of the impact force F, one or more other friction-reducing structures can be used, such as ball bearings or strips, pads, etc., made of low-friction materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Those skilled in the art will readily understand how friction-reducing structures can be incorporated into eruption testing equipment manufactured according to aspects of this disclosure.

[0046] In this example, the eruption testing device 300 includes a base 336 supporting an upper holding assembly 320U and a lower holding assembly 320L. The upper holding assembly 320U and the lower holding assembly 320L are fixed to the base via a set of vertical guides 340, with at least the lower holding assembly 320L slidably movable along the vertical guides 340. In some embodiments, each of the base 336 and the vertical guides 340 is made of one or more materials, such as one or more metals, and each of the base 336 and the vertical guides 340 can withstand numerous cycles of eruption events. In this example, the eruption testing device 300 includes a pair of force sensors 344 located between the lower holding assembly 320L and the base 336. When the eruption testing device 300 is part of an entire eruption testing system (such as...), Figure 1 When the force sensors 344 are part of the eruption test system 100, they can be considered as part of the mass loss measurement system (such as...). Figure 1 As part of a mass loss measurement system 116, which measures the mass loss of test sample 308 during test sample ejection. As described above, the type of force sensor used for each force sensor 344 can be any type suitable for deployment.

[0047] For details, please refer to the following: Figure 3B The eruption testing equipment 300 includes an impact force measurement component 348, which is used to measure the impact force F of an eruption from a test sample 308 during testing (see [reference]). Figure 2While those skilled in the art will readily understand that the force measurement assembly can take any of a variety of forms, in the example shown, the force measurement assembly 348 includes a fixed baffle 352, a lateral-loading structure 356 movably coupled to the fixed baffle, and a pair of force sensors 360 located between the lateral-loading structure and the fixed baffle. The fixed baffle 352 is fixed relative to a base 336, which in this example is both firmly fixed to a support structure (not shown), such as a workbench or other structure, located below the fixed baffle and the base. In this example, the lateral-loading structure 356 includes a plate 356P and an impact member 356M, which in this example extends between an upper retaining assembly 320U and a lower retaining assembly 320L to contact the directional ejection housing 304. Also in this example, the lateral-loading structure 356 is supported by the fixed baffle 352 via a set of guide members 364. When the ejection test device 300 is the entire ejection test system (such as...) Figure 1 When part of an eruption testing system 100, a pair of force sensors 360 of the impact force measurement assembly 348 can be considered as part of the impact force measurement system (such as...). Figure 1 Part of the impact force measurement system 112, which measures the impact force F exerted by the test sample 308 on the impact member 356M of the lateral loading structure 356 during the ejection of the test sample (see [link]). Figure 2 As mentioned above, the type of force sensor used for each force sensor 360 can be any type suitable for deployment.

[0048] Unless otherwise stated, positional terms used to describe the relative positions of physical elements (such as "upper," "lower," etc.) are based on the orientation of those elements depicted in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the positions of such elements to the orientations shown in those drawings. For example, an element shown and described as a "lower" element should not be construed as indicating that such an element must be a lower element in all possible configurations. As a specific example, in the orientation of the component containing the element that differs from the orientation depicted in the accompanying drawings, in practical instances, the lower element may actually be, for example, a left-facing element, a rear-facing element, etc.

[0049] Various modifications and additions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Features of each embodiment in the various embodiments described above can be suitably combined with features of other described embodiments to provide multiple feature combinations in associated new embodiments. Furthermore, while the foregoing describes several individual embodiments, the content described herein is merely illustrative of the application of the principles of this invention. Additionally, although specific methods herein may be described and / or described as being performed in a particular order, the order is highly variable within the scope of the art to achieve aspects of this disclosure. Correspondingly, this description is intended to be taken as an example only and does not otherwise limit the scope of this invention.

[0050] Exemplary embodiments have been disclosed above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, omissions, and additions may be made to the specific disclosure herein without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A system for testing the eruption characteristics of a test sample, said test sample comprising one or more electrochemical energy storage batteries, characterized in that, The system includes: A directional ejection housing designed and configured to hold the test sample during a test operation, the directional ejection housing having an ejection opening that allows ejection products from the test sample to move in a predetermined ejection direction when the test sample is ejected. An impact force measurement system, connected to the directional ejection housing in a force measurement manner, such that when the test sample is ejected, the impact force measurement system measures the impact force along the predetermined ejection direction when the test sample is ejected; and A mass loss measurement system, which is operational with the test sample when the test sample is present in the directional ejection shell, in order to measure the mass loss of the test sample caused by the ejection of the test sample.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test sample comprises one or more pouch cells, each pouch cell having a core stacking orientation; and The directional ejection housing is a C-shaped structure. When the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing, the C-shaped structure has a pair of arms spaced apart along the core stack direction. The pair of arms are connected by a base at a first end and define the ejection opening at a second end spaced apart from the first end.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The directional ejection shell is movably guided by a friction-reducing structure.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The friction-reducing structure includes a roller having a corresponding axis of rotation perpendicular to the predetermined ejection direction.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rollers are positioned to constrain the movement of the pair of arms in a direction parallel to the core stack direction when the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing and is ejecting.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The system also includes: A first rigid support member, which rotatably supports a first set of rollers; and A second rigid support member rotatably supports a second set of rollers; When the test sample is located in the directional ejection shell, the first rigid support and the second rigid support are spaced apart from each other in a direction parallel to the core stacking direction.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the test sample is located in the directional ejection housing for testing, the core stack direction is vertically oriented.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mass loss measurement system includes at least one force sensor, which measures the mass, including the mass of the test sample.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mass measured by the at least one force sensor also includes the mass of the first set of rollers and the first rigid support.

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact force measurement system includes at least one force sensor located between the directional ejection housing and the fixed structure to measure the impact force.

11. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The impact force measurement system includes at least one force sensor located between the directional ejection housing and the fixed structure to measure the impact force.

12. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The impact force measurement system also includes: Fixed baffle; and A lateral loading structure movably supported by the fixed baffle, the lateral loading structure contacting the directional eruption shell during the eruption of the test sample; The at least one force sensor is connected between the fixed baffle and the transverse loading structure.

13. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The impact force measurement system also includes: Fixed baffle; and A lateral loading structure movably supported by the fixed baffle, the lateral loading structure contacting the directional eruption shell during the eruption of the test sample; The at least one force sensor is connected between the fixed baffle and the transverse loading structure.

14. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The system also includes a computing system that communicates operationally with each of the impact force measurement system and the mass loss measurement system, the computing system comprising: At least one processor, said at least one processor being designed and configured to execute machine-executable instructions; and A memory operatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing machine-executable instructions for calculating the ejection velocity based on force measurement data from the impact force measurement system and mass loss data from the mass loss measurement system.

15. An apparatus for testing the ejection characteristics of a test sample, said test sample comprising one or more electrochemical energy storage batteries, characterized in that, The device includes: A directional ejection housing designed and configured to hold the test sample during a test operation, the directional ejection housing having an ejection opening that allows ejection products from the test sample to move in a predetermined ejection direction when the test sample is ejected. At least one first force sensor, the at least one first force sensor being coupled to the directional ejection housing in a force-measuring manner, such that when the test sample is ejected, the at least one first force sensor measures the ejection force along the predetermined ejection direction; and At least one second force sensor is operationally connected to the test sample when the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing, in order to measure mass including the mass of the test sample.

16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that: The test sample comprises one or more pouch cells, each pouch cell having a core stacking orientation; and The directional ejection housing is a C-shaped structure. When the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing, the C-shaped structure has a pair of arms spaced apart along the core stack direction. The pair of arms are connected by a base at a first end and define the ejection opening at a second end spaced apart from the first end.

17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that, The directional ejection shell is movably guided by a friction-reducing structure.

18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that, The friction-reducing structure includes a roller having a corresponding axis of rotation perpendicular to the predetermined ejection direction.

19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that, The rollers are positioned to restrict the movement of the pair of arms in a direction parallel to the core stack direction when the test sample is present in the directional ejection housing and is ejecting.

20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The device also includes: A first rigid support member, which rotatably supports a first set of rollers; and A second rigid support member rotatably supports a second set of rollers; When the test sample is located in the directional ejection shell, the first rigid support and the second rigid support are spaced apart from each other in a direction parallel to the core stacking direction.

21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that, When the test sample is located in the directional ejection housing for testing, the core stack direction is vertically oriented.

22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that, The device includes a mass loss measurement system, which includes at least one second force sensor that measures mass, including the mass of the test sample.

23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that, The mass measured by the at least one second force sensor also includes the mass of the first set of rollers and the first rigid support.

24. The device according to claim 15 or claim 21, characterized in that, The device includes an impact force measurement system, which includes at least one first force sensor located between the directional ejection housing and the fixed structure to measure the impact force.

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