Explosion-proof structure, battery top cover and battery
By adopting an explosion-proof structure in the battery and utilizing the design of an explosion-proof shell and puncture-resistant components, the safety hazards of the battery explosion-proof valve in fire and explosion events are solved, effectively preventing fire and explosion and improving battery safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520436611.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing battery explosion-proof valves still pose safety hazards in fire and explosion incidents and cannot effectively prevent fires and explosions.
The explosion-proof structure includes an explosion-proof shell and a puncture component. The explosion-proof shell is filled with a flame-retardant medium, and the sharp part of the puncture component faces the inside of the battery. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof shell is compressed, reducing the distance between the first end face and the second end face. The puncture component punctures the first end face to release the flame-retardant medium to prevent or delay combustion.
It improves battery safety, prevents fire and explosion, provides a buffer warning time, and ensures personnel safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN223927572U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage equipment technology, and in particular to an explosion-proof structure, a battery top cover, and a battery. Background Technology
[0002] To address battery safety issues, existing technologies employ various methods across product design, production management, and usage scenarios to minimize the risk of accidents. Explosion-proof valves, as an integral part of the battery structure, play a crucial role in its safety performance. When the internal pressure of the battery reaches a certain level, the explosion-proof valve ruptures, instantly releasing internal pressure and preventing an explosion. However, in actual use, fires and explosions still occur even when explosion-proof valves are activated. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an explosion-proof structure, a battery top cover, and a battery, which can help prevent fire and explosion and improve battery safety.
[0004] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0005] An explosion-proof structure is provided, including a first explosion-proof valve. The first explosion-proof valve includes an explosion-proof shell and a piercing element. The explosion-proof shell is filled with a first flame-retardant medium. The piercing element is located inside the explosion-proof shell. The explosion-proof shell includes a first end face and a second end face. The piercing element is connected to the second end face, and the sharp part of the piercing element is disposed facing the first end face. The first explosion-proof valve is disposed at the explosion-proof hole of a battery. The first explosion-proof valve is configured such that when the battery experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof shell is compressed, thereby reducing the distance between the first end face and the second end face, and the first end face can be pierced by the sharp part.
[0006] Optionally, the first end face has a first groove, and the thickness at the first groove is less than the thickness of the main body area of the first end face;
[0007] And / or, the second end face has a second groove, the thickness of the second groove being less than the thickness of the main body region of the second end face.
[0008] Optionally, the difference between the burst pressure of the second end face and the burst pressure of the first end face ranges from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa.
[0009] And / or, the burst pressure of the second end face ranges from 0.4MPa to 1.2MPa.
[0010] Optionally, it also includes a second explosion-proof valve and a vent pipe, wherein the second explosion-proof valve has a receiving space filled with a second flame-retardant medium, and the vent pipe is used to connect the receiving space with the inner cavity of the explosion-proof shell.
[0011] Optionally, the third end face of the second explosion-proof valve contacts the outside of the battery, and the third end face has a third groove, the thickness of which is less than the thickness of the main body area of the third end face.
[0012] Optionally, the first end face has a weak area, the thickness of which is less than the thickness of the main body area of the first end face, and the sharp part can pierce the weak area when the explosion-proof shell is under pressure.
[0013] Optionally, when the explosion-proof shell is not under pressure, the distance between the first end face and the sharp part ranges from 2mm to 6mm.
[0014] Optionally, the first end face is a plane, and / or the second end face protrudes in a direction away from the first end face.
[0015] A battery top cover is provided, including a top cover plate and the aforementioned explosion-proof structure. The top cover plate has the explosion-proof hole, and a first explosion-proof valve is disposed at the explosion-proof hole. The side of the first end face that is away from the second end face faces the outside of the battery.
[0016] A battery is provided, including a housing and the aforementioned battery top cover, wherein the battery top cover is provided to seal the opening of the housing.
[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0018] This invention provides an explosion-proof structure, including a first explosion-proof valve. The first explosion-proof valve includes an explosion-proof shell and a piercing element. The explosion-proof shell is filled with a first flame-retardant medium. The piercing element is located inside the explosion-proof shell. The explosion-proof shell includes a first end face and a second end face. The piercing element is connected to the second end face, and its sharp portion faces the first end face. The first explosion-proof valve is located at the explosion-proof hole of the battery. The first explosion-proof valve is configured so that when the battery experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof shell is compressed, reducing the distance between the first and second end faces. This allows the first end face to be pierced by the sharp portion, releasing the first flame-retardant medium and achieving the purpose of preventing or delaying combustion. Therefore, this explosion-proof structure helps prevent fires and explosions, improving battery safety.
[0019] This utility model also provides a battery top cover, including a top cover plate and the aforementioned explosion-proof structure. An explosion-proof hole is provided on the top cover plate, and a first explosion-proof valve is disposed at the explosion-proof hole. The side of the first end face facing away from the second end face faces the outside of the battery. This battery top cover helps prevent fire and explosion, improving battery safety.
[0020] This utility model also provides a battery, including a casing and the aforementioned battery top cover, with the battery top cover sealing the opening of the casing. This battery can prevent fire and explosion, and has higher safety. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the battery top cover provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first end face of the explosion-proof shell provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second end face of the explosion-proof shell provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;
[0024] Figure 4 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the battery top cover provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.
[0025] In the picture:
[0026] 1. Explosion-proof shell; 11. First end face; 111. Weak area; 112. First notch; 12. Second end face; 121. Second notch;
[0027] 2. Puncture component; 21. Sharp point;
[0028] 3. First flame-retardant medium; 4. Second flame-retardant medium; 5. Vent pipe; 6. Third end face;
[0029] 100, First explosion-proof valve; 200, Top cover plate; 300, Second explosion-proof valve. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this utility model and not for limiting it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to this utility model are shown in the drawings, not all of them.
[0031] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections or detachable connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0032] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0033] Example 1
[0034] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the explosion-proof structure of this embodiment includes a first explosion-proof valve 100, which includes an explosion-proof housing 1 and a piercing element 2. The explosion-proof housing 1 is filled with a first flame-retardant medium 3. The piercing element 2 is located inside the explosion-proof housing 1, which includes a first end face 11 and a second end face 12. The piercing element 2 is connected to the second end face 12, with its sharp portion 21 facing the first end face 11. The first explosion-proof valve 100 is located at the battery's explosion-proof hole. The first explosion-proof valve 100 is configured such that when the battery experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof housing 1 is compressed, reducing the distance between the first end face 11 and the second end face 12. The first end face 11 can then be pierced by the sharp portion 21, releasing the first flame-retardant medium 3. This achieves the purpose of preventing or delaying combustion, providing more buffer and warning time, and ensuring personnel safety. Therefore, this first explosion-proof valve 100 helps prevent fire and explosion, improving battery safety.
[0035] Optionally, the interior of the explosion-proof shell 1 is at normal pressure. When the internal pressure of the battery increases due to improper use or thermal runaway, the second end face 12 is deformed inward near the first end face 11, and the first end face 11 can be pierced by the sharp part 21, and the first flame-retardant medium 3 will be released.
[0036] Optionally, the first flame retardant medium 3 is one or a combination of two or more of the following: organic halides, organic phosphides, organic nitrogen flame retardants, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, inorganic phosphorus, and boron flame retardant materials.
[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, optionally, the first end face 11 has a weak region 111, the thickness of which is less than the thickness of the main body region of the first end face 11. The sharp part 21 is aligned with the weak region 111 and can pierce the weak region 111. If the thickness of the main body region of the first end face 11 is also the same as the thickness of the weak region 111, the structural strength of the first end face 11 is too low, and it is easily punctured or damaged, resulting in the leakage of the first flame retardant medium 3.
[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, optionally, the first end face 11 has a first notch 112, and the thickness at the first notch 112 is less than the thickness of the main body area of the first end face 11. That is, the first end face 11 has a double fracture guarantee; the first flame retardant medium 3 can be released when the first notch 112 cracks or the weak area 111 is punctured.
[0039] Optionally, the first notch 112 is linear. Optionally, in this embodiment, the first end face 11 is in the shape of a playground, and the first notch 112 is X-shaped, wherein the center of the X-shape is a weak area 111, and the first notch 112 is not provided in the weak area 111.
[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, optionally, the second end face 12 has a second groove 121, and the thickness of the second groove 121 is less than the thickness of the main body area of the second end face 12, so that the second groove 121 of the second end face 12 will crack under the preset burst pressure.
[0041] Optionally, the second notch 121 is linear. Optionally, in this embodiment, the second end face 12 is shaped like a playground, and the second notch 121 is X-shaped, wherein a piercing element 2 is provided at the center of the X-shape. The second notch 121 is not provided at the location where the piercing element 2 is provided on the second end face 12, so as to ensure local structural strength and ensure that the piercing element 2 is firmly connected.
[0042] Optionally, when the explosion-proof housing 1 is not under pressure, the distance between the first end face 11 and the sharp part 21 is in the range of 2mm-6mm, so as to ensure that when the first end face 11 or the second end face 12 is deformed under pressure, the first end face 11 and the sharp part 21 can contact each other, and the sharp part 21 can even pierce the first end face 11.
[0043] Optionally, the burst pressure of the second end face 12 is higher than the burst pressure of the first end face 11, and the difference between the burst pressure of the second end face 12 and the burst pressure of the first end face 11 ranges from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa. Optionally, the burst pressure of the second end face 12 ranges from 0.4 MPa to 1.2 MPa. That is, under the same pressure, the first end face 11 bursts first, and the second end face 12 bursts after the pressure further increases.
[0044] Optionally, the first end face 11 is a plane, and the second end face 12 protrudes in a direction away from the first end face 11. That is, in this embodiment, after the second end face 12 is pressed, the originally unpressed protruding part can gradually protrude in the direction of the first end face 11, thereby forming an indentation in the direction away from the first end face 11 to support the piercing member 2 to move toward the first end face 11.
[0045] Optionally, the piercing element 2 is a cone or a polygonal pyramid. The polygonal pyramid includes triangular pyramids, square pyramids, etc. Setting it as a pyramid ensures that the piercing element 2 has high structural strength. During the process of piercing the first end face 11, the piercing element 2 itself will not bend or deform.
[0046] Optionally, the puncture component 2 is connected to the inner side of the second end face 12 by laser welding or riveting.
[0047] This embodiment also provides a battery top cover, including a top cover plate 200 and the aforementioned first explosion-proof valve 100. The top cover plate 200 has an explosion-proof hole, and the first explosion-proof valve 100 is located at the explosion-proof hole. The side of the first end face 11 facing away from the second end face 12 faces the outside of the battery. That is, the second end face 12 faces the inside of the battery. When the internal pressure of the battery increases, the second end face 12 is compressed inward, supporting the piercing element 2 to move towards the first end face 11, so that the piercing element 2 pierces the weak area 111 of the first end face 11, releasing the first flame-retardant medium 3 to prevent combustion. When the internal pressure of the battery further increases, the second notch 121 on the second end face 12 cracks, connecting the inside and outside of the battery. When the internal pressure of the battery increases rapidly, the first notch 112 on the first end face 11 may also crack, further enlarging the cracked through-hole on the first end face 11, allowing gas to escape rapidly. This battery top cover helps prevent fire and explosion, improving battery safety.
[0048] This embodiment also provides a battery, including a casing and the aforementioned battery top cover. The battery top cover is a sealing cap located at the opening of the casing, and the top cover plate 200 is connected to the casing to form the battery outer shell. The battery cells are disposed inside the battery outer shell. This battery can prevent fire and explosion, and has higher safety.
[0049] Example 2
[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment discloses an explosion-proof structure. The difference between the explosion-proof structure in this embodiment and the explosion-proof structure in Embodiment 1 is that the explosion-proof structure further includes a second explosion-proof valve 300 and a vent pipe 5. The second explosion-proof valve 300 has a receiving space, which is filled with a second flame-retardant medium 4. The vent pipe 5 is used to connect the receiving space with the inner cavity of the explosion-proof shell 1.
[0051] Optionally, the third end face 6 of the second explosion-proof valve 300 contacts the outside of the battery, and the third end face 6 has a third groove, the thickness of which is less than the thickness of the main body area of the third end face 6.
[0052] Optionally, the first end face 11 of the first explosion-proof valve 100 of the explosion-proof structure corresponding to this embodiment may not be provided with the first notch 112, so as to reduce the area with weak structural strength on the first end face 11. This can help prevent sharp external components from piercing the first end face 11, thereby preventing the first flame-retardant medium 3 from being released when the battery is not thermally runaway, and ensuring the effectiveness of the explosion-proof structure.
[0053] Optionally, multiple second explosion-proof valves 300 and vent pipes 5 are provided, with each pair of second explosion-proof valves 300 and vent pipes 5 corresponding to one another, so that all the second explosion-proof valves 300 communicate with the inner cavity of the explosion-proof housing 1. Optionally, in this embodiment, two second explosion-proof valves 300 and vent pipes 5 are provided, with the two second explosion-proof valves 300 located on both sides of the first explosion-proof valve 100.
[0054] Optionally, the top cover plate 200 of this embodiment is also provided with a burst hole, the second explosion-proof valve 300 is installed in the burst hole, and the vent pipe 5 may or may not be provided in the top cover plate 200, as long as it can connect the receiving space of the second explosion-proof valve 300 and the inner cavity of the explosion-proof shell 1.
[0055] The explosion-proof principle of this explosion-proof structure is as follows: When faced with severe thermal runaway, as the internal pressure of the battery gradually increases, the first end face 11 of the first explosion-proof valve 100 is punctured by the puncture component 2, releasing the first flame-retardant medium 3 to the outside. Then, the second notch 121 on the second end face 12 breaks, and a large amount of high-temperature gas inside the battery is rapidly released to the outside of the battery. At the same time, some high-pressure gas is injected into the second explosion-proof valve 300 through the vent pipe 5, causing the pressure inside the second explosion-proof valve 300 to be greater than the external pressure of the battery. This causes the third end face to rupture under the action of the pressure difference on both sides, releasing the second flame-retardant medium 4 to the outside of the battery, thereby further improving the flame-retardant effect of the explosion-proof structure.
[0056] Apart from the above, the explosion-proof structure, battery top cover, and other battery structures provided in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.
[0057] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.
Claims
1. An explosion-proof structure, characterized by comprising: The first explosion-proof valve (100) comprises a first explosion-proof shell (1) filled with a first fire-retardant medium (3) and a piercing member (2) located in the first explosion-proof shell (1), the first explosion-proof shell (1) comprises a first end face (11) and a second end face (12), the piercing member (2) is connected to the second end face (12), and a sharp part (21) of the piercing member (2) is arranged towards the first end face (11), the first explosion-proof valve (100) is arranged at an explosion-proof hole of a battery, and the first explosion-proof valve (100) is configured to be pressed to reduce a distance between the first end face (11) and the second end face (12) when the battery is in thermal runaway, and the first end face (11) can be pierced by the sharp part (21).
2. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 1, characterized by The first end face (11) has a first notch (112) with a thickness smaller than that of a main area of the first end face (11); And / or, the second end face (12) has a second notch (121) with a thickness smaller than that of a main area of the second end face (12).
3. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 2, characterized by A difference between the burst pressure of the second end face (12) and the burst pressure of the first end face (11) ranges from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa. And / or, the burst pressure of the second end face (12) ranges from 0.4 MPa to 1.2 MPa.
4. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 1, characterized by The second explosion-proof valve (300) has a containing space filled with a second fire-retardant medium (4), and a vent pipe (5) is arranged to communicate the containing space with an inner cavity of the first explosion-proof shell (1).
5. The explosion-proof structure according to claim 4, characterized by A third end face (6) of the second explosion-proof valve (300) contacts the outside of the battery, and the third end face (6) has a third notch with a thickness smaller than that of a main area of the third end face (6).
6. The explosion-proof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first end face (11) has a weak area (111) with a thickness smaller than that of a main area of the first end face (11), and the sharp part (21) can pierce the weak area (111) when the first explosion-proof shell (1) is pressed.
7. The explosion-proof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein When the first explosion-proof shell (1) is not pressed, a distance between the first end face (11) and the sharp part (21) ranges from 2 mm to 6 mm.
8. The explosion-proof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by The first end face (11) is a plane, and / or the second end face (12) protrudes in a direction away from the first end face (11).
9. A battery top cover characterized by, The top cover plate (200) has the explosion-proof hole, the first explosion-proof valve (100) is arranged at the explosion-proof hole, and a side of the first end face (11) away from the second end face (12) faces the outside of the battery.
10. A battery characterized by A battery top cover as claimed in claim 9 is provided at an opening of a case including the case and the battery top cover.