High-voltage power distribution unit and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a high-voltage power distribution unit and a vehicle, the high-voltage power distribution unit comprises a housing, a BMS assembly, an overcurrent assembly and a wire harness assembly, the housing comprises a box cover and a bottom wall which are arranged along a first direction, and a first installation cavity and a second installation cavity which are arranged along the first direction are formed between the box cover and the bottom wall; the BMS assembly is mounted in the first mounting cavity, and the BMS assembly is electrically connected with the battery pack and external electrical equipment; the overcurrent assembly is mounted in the second mounting cavity and comprises a battery side module and a load side module which are electrically connected with each other, the battery side module is used for being electrically connected with the battery pack, and the load side module is used for being electrically connected with external electrical equipment. In the embodiment of the application, the BMS component and the overcurrent component are arranged in the first mounting cavity and the second mounting cavity which are distributed along the first direction, so that the space of the high-voltage power distribution unit in the first direction can be fully utilized, the wiring distance is shorter, and the high-voltage power distribution unit is more compact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a high-voltage power distribution unit and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, high-voltage power distribution units typically house a large number of electrical components on the same floor, occupying significant space in both the length and width directions. This results in cramped space along these dimensions, while the vertical space remains underutilized. Furthermore, the distance between electrical components at both ends is considerable, requiring long wiring distances and causing inconvenience for operators. Utility Model Content

[0003] The embodiments of this utility model provide a high-voltage power distribution unit and a vehicle, which can improve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a high-voltage power distribution unit, the high-voltage power distribution unit comprising:

[0005] The housing includes a lid and a bottom wall arranged along a first direction, wherein a first mounting cavity and a second mounting cavity are formed between the lid and the bottom wall, and the first mounting cavity and the second mounting cavity are arranged along the first direction;

[0006] A BMS component is installed in the first mounting cavity, and the BMS component is electrically connected to the battery pack and external electrical equipment respectively.

[0007] An overcurrent assembly is installed in the second mounting cavity. The overcurrent assembly includes a battery-side module and a load-side module that are electrically connected to each other. The battery-side module is used to be electrically connected to the battery pack, and the load-side module is used to be electrically connected to external electrical equipment.

[0008] In some embodiments, the second mounting cavity is located close to the cover, and the high-voltage power distribution unit further includes a first connector mounted on the cover. The first connector includes a first connection end and a second connection end. The first connection end is located in the second mounting cavity and is electrically connected to the overcurrent assembly. The second connection end is located on the side of the cover away from the bottom wall and is used to connect to external electrical equipment.

[0009] In some embodiments, the housing further includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall disposed along the second direction;

[0010] The housing also includes a crossbeam and a partition disposed between the cover and the bottom wall. The two opposite ends of the crossbeam are respectively fixed to the first side wall and the second side wall. The partition is fixed to the side of the crossbeam near the cover. The partition and the cover form the second mounting cavity. The flow-through assembly is installed on the side of the partition facing the cover.

[0011] In some embodiments, the housing further includes a third sidewall and a fourth sidewall disposed along a third direction, the third direction being perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, the partition extending along the third direction, the overcurrent assembly including a plurality of relays and a TBOX signal box electrically connected to the BMS assembly, the plurality of relays being spaced apart along the third direction on the partition, and the TBOX signal box being disposed on the fourth sidewall and spaced apart from the relays.

[0012] In some embodiments, the high-voltage power distribution unit further includes a second connector and an insulating post;

[0013] The second connector is mounted on the second sidewall, and at least a portion of the second connector is located on the outside of the housing for connection with the battery pack;

[0014] The current-passing assembly further includes a conductive bus, one end of which is connected to the side of the relay away from the partition. At least a portion of the conductive bus and the partition form a first chamber. The other end of the conductive bus is connected to the second connector.

[0015] The insulating column is installed in the first chamber, and the two opposite ends of the insulating column are respectively connected to the partition and the conductive busbar.

[0016] In some embodiments, the insulating column has a first mating part at one end near the partition; the high-voltage power distribution unit further includes a mounting base that mates with the first mating part, and the mounting base is fixed to the side of the partition facing the box cover.

[0017] In some embodiments, the mounting base includes a support portion and a second mating portion. The support portion has a second chamber. The second mating portion is mounted on the side of the support portion away from the partition. The second mating portion and the first mating portion are mated and connected to connect the insulating column and the partition. The second chamber is located between the second mating portion and the partition.

[0018] In some embodiments, the insulating post has a slot at one end near the cover, the conductive busbar has a through hole, and the high-voltage distribution unit further includes fasteners, which are sequentially inserted through the through hole and the slot to secure the insulating post and the conductive busbar.

[0019] In some embodiments, the high-voltage power distribution unit further includes a Hall sensor electrically connected to the relay, the Hall sensor being electrically connected to the battery pack, and the Hall sensor being disposed between the second connector and the relay.

[0020] Secondly, embodiments of this utility model provide a vehicle including the high-voltage power distribution unit as described above.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] In an embodiment of this invention, the internal space of the housing is divided into two chambers arranged along a first direction, namely a first mounting chamber and a second mounting chamber. The BMS assembly and the overcurrent assembly are positioned in the first and second mounting chambers distributed along the first direction. This fully utilizes the space in the first direction of the high-voltage power distribution unit, resulting in shorter wiring distances and a more compact high-voltage power distribution unit. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a high-voltage power distribution unit provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An example of an exploded view of a high-voltage power distribution unit;

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The second embodiment of the exploded view of the high-voltage power distribution unit;

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the high-voltage power distribution unit;

[0028] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion at point A;

[0029] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion at point B;

[0030] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion at point C;

[0031] Figure 8 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion at point D.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0033] 100. Housing; 110. Cover; 130. Bottom wall; 120. First mounting cavity; 140. Second mounting cavity; 150. Wiring space; 160. First side wall; 170. Second side wall; 180. Crossbeam; 190. Partition; 101. Third side wall; 103. Fourth side wall; 104. First chamber; 181. First part; 182. Second part; 183. Third part; 184. First side; 185. Second side;

[0034] 200, First connector; 210, First connecting end; 230, Second connecting end;

[0035] 300. BMS components; 305. Fasteners; 301. BMS; 303. BMS brackets;

[0036] 400, Second connector; 500, Overcurrent assembly; 501, Relay; 503, TBOX signal box; 504, Conductor busbar;

[0037] 600, Insulating post; 601, Slot;

[0038] 700. Wiring harness assembly;

[0039] 810. Mounting base; 811. Support; 812. Second chamber; 820. Locking fastener;

[0040] 900, Hall effect sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model. In addition, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. In the present utility model, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the upper and lower positions of the device in actual use or operation, specifically the drawing directions in the accompanying drawings; while "inner" and "outer" refer to the outline of the device.

[0042] Automobiles contain numerous electrical and electronic systems, such as engine control systems, lighting systems, infotainment systems, and safety systems. The Power Distribution Unit (PDU) is responsible for rationally distributing the power output from the vehicle's battery pack to various systems and devices (such as electric motors, air conditioning compressors, and charging systems), ensuring a stable power supply. For example, it can provide a sufficiently large current path for the high-power-demand starter motor while also providing a stable small current supply for low-power sensors. In emergencies, the PDU can quickly cut off power to ensure occupant safety. The PDU can also communicate with the vehicle's control system (such as the Battery Management System) to share data on power usage and fault information. The PDU may also include CAN (Controller Area Network) or other forms of data bus interfaces for communication with other vehicle systems. In electric vehicles, the PDU typically sits between the high-voltage battery and the main loads, acting as a bridge to ensure the safe and efficient delivery of power to where it is needed.

[0043] In related technologies, a large number of electrical components in high-voltage power distribution units are connected using a large number of wire harnesses, which run around the perimeter of the high-voltage power distribution unit enclosure, resulting in complicated and messy wiring that occupies a large amount of space.

[0044] To address at least some of the aforementioned problems, firstly, this application provides a high-voltage power distribution unit, please refer to... Figure 1 The high-voltage power distribution unit includes a housing 100, in which other components, such as BMS components and overcurrent components, are installed.

[0045] Please combine Figure 2 In some embodiments, the high-voltage power distribution unit further includes a BMS component 300 and an overcurrent component 500, the overcurrent component 500 being electrically connected to external electrical equipment. The BMS component 300 is electrically connected to the battery pack and is primarily used to monitor and manage the battery pack's operating status. The BMS component 300 is also electrically connected to the external electrical equipment and is capable of communicating with it. In some examples, when the external electrical equipment includes another BMS, the BMS component 300 in this application can communicate with the BMS in the external electrical equipment. In some examples, the BMS component can provide the high-voltage power distribution unit with real-time power output capability information of the battery pack according to the vehicle's driving needs (such as acceleration, deceleration, cruising, etc.). The overcurrent component rationally distributes the battery pack's power to the external electrical equipment.

[0046] In some embodiments, the high-voltage power distribution unit in this application is electrically connected to the battery pack in the vehicle. External electrical devices can be various electrical systems of the vehicle, such as drive motors, air conditioning systems, and on-board electronic devices, thereby enabling the power from the battery pack to be rationally distributed to the external electrical devices.

[0047] In some embodiments, the high-voltage power distribution unit in this application can serve as a slave high-voltage power distribution unit, and can be electrically connected to the battery pack in the vehicle. External electrical equipment can serve as a master high-voltage power distribution unit, which is equipped with a battery management system (BMS). The high-voltage power distribution unit in this application is electrically connected to the master high-voltage power distribution unit, and the BMS component 300 in this application communicates with the BMS in the master high-voltage power distribution unit, thereby exchanging information. The master high-voltage power distribution unit is connected to various systems and devices in the vehicle, thereby rationally distributing the power output from the battery pack to these systems and devices, such as drive motors, air conditioning systems, and on-board electronic devices.

[0048] Please combine Figure 4 The housing 100 may include a cover 110 and a bottom wall 130 arranged along a first direction. A first mounting cavity 120 and a second mounting cavity 140 are formed between the cover 110 and the bottom wall 130, and the first mounting cavity 120 and the second mounting cavity 140 are arranged along the first direction. Please refer to... Figure 3 The BMS component 300 can be installed in the first mounting cavity 120, and the flow assembly 500 can be installed in the second mounting cavity 140. Thus, the flow assembly 500 and the BMS component 300 are arranged in layers along the first direction on the housing 100.

[0049] The overcurrent assembly 500 is used for electrical connection to both the battery pack and external electrical equipment. The overcurrent assembly 300 may include a battery-side module and a load-side module electrically connected to each other. The battery-side module is used for electrical connection to the battery pack, and the load-side module is used for electrical connection to external electrical equipment. In some examples, the battery-side module may include a Hall sensor, and the load-side module may include relays, specifically positive and negative relays.

[0050] In some examples, the battery pack may include a positive interface and a negative interface. The positive interface of the battery pack is electrically connected to a positive relay. The high-voltage power distribution unit in this application may also include a battery swapping connector, with the positive relay electrically connected to the battery swapping connector. The negative interface of the battery pack is electrically connected in sequence to a Hall sensor and a negative relay, which is then electrically connected to the battery swapping connector. The positive and negative relays are used to control the on / off state of the high-voltage circuit. The positive and negative relays can connect or disconnect the current when the system needs to protect the circuit from overload or short circuit.

[0051] Hall sensors, also known as Hall effect sensors, are primarily used for current detection. A Hall effect sensor is a current measurement tool based on the Hall effect—when current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is generated around the conductor; when a semiconductor material (such as a Hall element) placed in this magnetic field is excited by a current perpendicular to the magnetic field, a voltage is generated in a direction perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. This phenomenon is the Hall effect. Hall sensors can detect the current intensity passing through the PDU in real time, enabling monitoring of the battery's state of charge and discharge, calculation of remaining charge (SOC), and fault diagnosis. When abnormal current (such as overcurrent or short circuit) is detected, the Hall sensor can quickly feed back to the control system, which can then take appropriate protective measures, such as cutting off the power supply to prevent damage to the battery pack or other electrical components.

[0052] In this regard, please combine Figure 3 Along the second direction, a wiring space 150 can be formed between one side of the BMS component 300 and the housing 100, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Please refer to... Figure 3 The high-voltage power distribution unit also includes a wiring harness assembly 700, one end of which is connected to the overcurrent assembly 500, and the other end passes through the wiring space 150 and is connected to the BMS assembly 300. In other words, the wiring harness assembly 700 passes through the wiring space to connect the BMS assembly 300 and the overcurrent assembly 500.

[0053] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates three directions of the high-voltage power distribution unit, specifically the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction. The first direction can also be referred to as the height direction of the high-voltage power distribution unit, the second direction as the width direction of the high-voltage power distribution unit, and the third direction as the length direction of the high-voltage power distribution unit.

[0054] In related technologies, high-voltage power distribution units typically house a large number of electrical components on the same floor, occupying significant space in both the length and width directions. This results in cramped space in the second direction (width) and the third direction (length), while the space in the first direction (height) remains underutilized. Furthermore, the distance between electrical components at both ends is considerable, requiring long wiring distances and causing inconvenience for operators.

[0055] In this embodiment, the internal space of the housing 100 is divided into two chambers arranged along a first direction (height direction), namely the first mounting chamber 120 and the second mounting chamber 140. The BMS component 300 and the current-carrying component 500 are disposed in the second mounting chamber 140 and the first mounting chamber 120 along the first direction. This fully utilizes the space in the height direction of the high-voltage power distribution unit, resulting in shorter wiring distances and a more compact high-voltage power distribution unit. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the wiring harness assembly 700 passes through the wiring space, thereby connecting the BMS component 300 and the current-carrying component 500. Within the first mounting chamber 120, the wiring of the wiring harness assembly is relatively concentrated, with a neat and compact structure, occupying less space and facilitating operation and organization by the operator.

[0056] Please combine Figure 4 In some embodiments, the second mounting cavity 140 is located close to the cover 110, and the current-carrying component 500 is mounted in the second mounting cavity 140, that is, the current-carrying component 500 is located close to the cover 110. The high-voltage power distribution unit also includes a first connector 200 mounted on the cover 110. The first connector 200 is used to connect external electrical equipment and the current-carrying component 500. The current-carrying component 500 is connected to the external electrical equipment through the first connector 200. The first connector 200 may include a first connecting end 210 and a second connecting end 230 connected together. The first connecting end 210 is located in the second mounting cavity 140 and is electrically connected to the current-carrying component 500. The second connecting end 230 is located on the side of the cover 110 away from the bottom wall 130 and is used to connect to the external electrical equipment. The first connecting end 210 and the second connecting end 230 may be integrally formed, or they may be connected by screwing, riveting, or other methods.

[0057] In these embodiments, the overcurrent assembly 500 is installed in the second mounting cavity 140 and is located on the side close to the first connector 200, which reduces the connection distance between the overcurrent assembly 500 and the first connector 200, making the internal structure of the high-voltage power distribution unit more compact.

[0058] In some embodiments, the housing 100 further includes a first sidewall 160 and a second sidewall 170 disposed along the second direction (width direction). Please refer to... Figure 2The housing 100 further includes a crossbeam 180 and a partition 190 disposed between the cover 110 and the bottom wall 130. The crossbeam 180 can be used to reinforce the high-voltage power distribution unit and can support and install the partition 190. The two opposite ends of the crossbeam 180 can be fixed to the first side wall 160 and the second side wall 170 respectively. The partition 190 is fixed to the side of the crossbeam 180 near the cover 110, and the partition 190 and the cover 110 form the second mounting cavity 140. The current-carrying assembly 500 is installed on the side of the partition 190 facing the cover 110. In these embodiments, by setting the crossbeam and partition, the current-carrying assembly 500 can be installed on the partition 190, which is more neat and orderly and facilitates installation. The crossbeam 180 can reinforce the housing 100 and support the partition 190 and the current-carrying assembly 500, making the structure of the housing 100 more stable.

[0059] In some embodiments, please combine Figure 5 The crossbeam 180 may include a first part 181, a second part 182, and a third part 183. Along the third direction, the first part 181 may include a first side 184 and a second side 185 in parallel. The second part 182 is bent and connected to the first side 184, and the third part 183 is bent and connected to the second side 185. During installation, the third part 183 can be connected to the BMS component 300 via screws, riveting, or other means. The second part 182 can also be connected to the BMS component 300 via screws, riveting, or other means. This allows the BMS component 300 to be stably fixed to the crossbeam 180. The first part 181 and the second part 182 are spaced apart along the first direction, as are the first part 181 and the third part 183. This creates a gap between the first part and the BMS component 300 in the first direction, which can serve as a reserved installation space.

[0060] In some embodiments, please combine Figure 4 The BMS component 300 can also be connected to the bottom wall 130, thereby fixing the BMS component 300 to the first mounting cavity 120 along the first direction.

[0061] Please combine Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 In some embodiments, the BMS component 300 may include a BMS and a BMS support 303, wherein there may be one or more BMS, for example, there may be three BMS.

[0062] In some embodiments, the BMS bracket 303 is connected to the bottom wall 130 via a fastener 305. The connection between the BMS bracket 303 and the bottom wall 130 can be by screwing, riveting, welding, etc. In some embodiments, the fastener 305 can be a bolt.

[0063] Please combine Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 In some embodiments, the BMS component 300 is mounted on the side of the partition 190 opposite to the cover 110. The BMS component 300 can be detachably connected to the partition 190, for example, by screws or snap-fits. This allows for a smaller gap between the BMS component 300 and the partition 190, resulting in a more compact overall structure of the high-voltage power distribution unit.

[0064] Please combine Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 In some embodiments, the BMS component 300 can be installed on the side of the crossbeam 180 opposite to the cover 110, and the BMS component 300 is fixedly connected to the crossbeam 180. The crossbeam 180 has high strength and can bear the weight of the BMS component 300 without easily being damaged. Please refer to... Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 In some embodiments, the side of the BMS component 300 may be connected to a mounting piece, which can be connected to the side of the crossbeam 180 away from the cover 110.

[0065] Please combine Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 In some embodiments, the housing 100 further includes a third sidewall 101 and a fourth sidewall 103 disposed along a third direction, the third direction being perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. The partition 190 extends along the third direction. The current-carrying assembly 500 includes a plurality of relays 501 and a TBOX signal box 503 electrically connected to the BMS assembly 300. The plurality of relays 501 are spaced apart along the third direction on the partition 190, and are arranged along the extension direction of the partition 190, thus providing a large heat dissipation space between the relays 501 and achieving good heat dissipation. The TBOX signal box 503 is disposed on the fourth sidewall 103 and spaced apart from the relays 501. In these embodiments, the plurality of relays 501 are spaced apart along the third direction on the partition 190, and the TBOX signal box 503 is disposed on the fourth sidewall 103, which can fully utilize the space within the second mounting cavity 140, resulting in a compact structure.

[0066] The Telematics Box (TBOX) collects data from various electronic control units (ECUs) in the vehicle, such as engine operating status, vehicle speed, and fault codes. After integrating and packaging this data, the TBOX can transmit it via a network (such as 4G / 5G) to the vehicle manufacturer's backend server or other relevant remote service platforms. Simultaneously, it also receives commands from remote locations, such as remotely starting the vehicle or unlocking the doors, and forwards these commands to the corresponding ECUs within the vehicle for execution.

[0067] Please combine Figure 4 In some embodiments, the TBOX signal box 503 may be located at least partially above the relay 501. Here, "above" refers to the side of the relay 501 near the cover 110, and there is a certain space between the top of the relay 501 and the cover 110. By placing the TBOX signal box 503 on the fourth side wall 103 and placing the TBOX signal box 503 in the space between the top of the relay 501 and the cover 110, the space within the second mounting cavity 140 can be utilized more fully.

[0068] Please combine Figure 2 as well as Figure 4 In some embodiments, the high-voltage power distribution unit further includes a second connector 400 and an insulating post 600, the high-voltage power distribution unit being connected to the battery pack via the second connector 400. The second connector 400 is mounted on the second sidewall 170, and at least a portion of the second connector 400 is located on the outside of the housing 100 for connection to the battery pack.

[0069] The overcurrent assembly 500 also includes a conductive busbar 504, which may include a copper conductive busbar, an aluminum conductive busbar, etc. The relays of the overcurrent assembly 500 are connected to the first connector 200 through the conductive busbar 504.

[0070] One end of the conductive bus 504 is connected to the side of the relay 501 facing away from the partition 190, thus creating a large gap between the conductive bus 504 and the partition 190 for heat dissipation, while maintaining a compact structure. At least a portion of the conductive bus 504 and the partition 190 form a first chamber 104. The other end of the conductive bus 504 is connected to the second connector 400. The insulating post 600 is installed in the first chamber 104, with its opposite ends connected to the partition 190 and the conductive bus 504, respectively. In these embodiments, the insulating post 600 supports the conductive bus 504, preventing it from exerting excessive pressure on the relay 501, while maintaining a large heat dissipation gap (such as the first chamber 104), which is beneficial for the heat dissipation of the overcurrent assembly 500. The insulating post 600 provides electrical insulation, preventing unwanted current conduction between different circuits and preventing short circuits.

[0071] In some embodiments, the insulating post 600 has a first mating portion at one end near the partition 190, and the high-voltage distribution unit further includes a mounting base 810 that mates with the first mating portion. The mounting base 810 is fixed to the side of the partition 190 facing the box cover. In these embodiments, the partition may have a mounting base 810 connected to the insulating post 600, which facilitates positioning of the insulating post 600 and allows operators to easily install the insulating post 600 to the relevant position on the partition 190.

[0072] Please combine Figure 2 The mounting base 810 includes a support portion 811 and a second mating portion. The support portion 811 is provided with a second chamber 812. The second mating portion is installed on the side of the support portion 811 away from the partition 190. The second mating portion and the first mating portion are connected to connect the insulating column 600 and the partition 190. The second chamber 812 is located between the second mating portion and the partition 190.

[0073] The insulating column 600 is better mounted on the partition 190 by the second mating portion of the mounting base 810 on the partition 190 engaging with the first mating portion of the mounting base 810. In some embodiments, the first mating portion of the insulating column 600 can be a recess, and the second mating portion of the mounting base 810 can be a protrusion, with the protrusion engaging with the recess to connect the insulating column 600 to the mounting base 810. Furthermore, in these embodiments, providing a second chamber between the second mating portion and the partition 190 facilitates better heat dissipation.

[0074] Please combine Figure 4 In some embodiments, the insulating post 600 may have a slot 601 at one end near the box cover, the conductive busbar 504 has a through hole, and the high-voltage distribution unit further includes a locking fastener 820, which passes through the through hole and the slot 601 in sequence to secure the insulating post 600 to the conductive busbar 504. The slot 601 at one end of the insulating post 600 near the box cover facilitates the connection between the insulating post 600 and the conductive busbar 504.

[0075] In some embodiments, the high-voltage power distribution unit may further include a Hall sensor 900, which is electrically connected to the relay 501 and is used to be electrically connected to the battery pack. The Hall sensor 900 is disposed between the second connector 400 and the relay 501.

[0076] Hall effect sensors detect current using the principle of magnetic field induction, eliminating the need for direct electrical connection to the circuit being measured. In a vehicle's high-voltage power distribution unit, they can be conveniently installed around the busbars. When current flows through the busbars, a magnetic field is generated around them; the Hall effect sensor detects changes in the strength of this magnetic field and thus determines the current magnitude. This non-invasive measurement method does not interfere with the normal operation of the circuit or cause any additional impact on the internal electrical structure of the PDU. The Hall effect sensor 900 also provides crucial current information to the BMS (Battery Management System). The BMS can use this information to control the charging and discharging process of the battery pack, such as preventing overcharging or over-discharging, ensuring the battery pack operates safely and efficiently, and extending its lifespan.

[0077] The high-voltage power distribution unit provided in this application embodiment has the overcurrent component 500 and the BMS component 300 arranged in layers along the first direction on the housing 100, which effectively utilizes the space in the length, width and height directions of the high-voltage power distribution unit, making the overall structure of the high-voltage power distribution unit more compact.

[0078] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a vehicle that includes the aforementioned high-voltage power distribution unit.

[0079] In this embodiment, the internal space of the housing 100 is divided into two chambers arranged along a first direction: a first mounting chamber 120 and a second mounting chamber 140. The BMS assembly 300 and the current-carrying assembly 500 are positioned in the second mounting chamber 140 and the first mounting chamber 120, respectively. This fully utilizes the space in the height direction of the high-voltage power distribution unit, resulting in shorter wiring distances and a more compact high-voltage power distribution unit. Furthermore, in this embodiment, one end of the wiring harness assembly 700 is connected to the current-carrying assembly 500, and the other end of the wiring harness assembly 700 passes through the wiring space 150 located on one side of the BMS assembly 300 and connects to the BMS assembly 300. Within the first mounting chamber 120, the wiring of the wiring harness assembly is relatively concentrated, resulting in a neat and compact structure that occupies less space, facilitating operation and organization by the operator.

[0080] In this embodiment, the internal structure of the high-voltage power distribution unit is compact, allowing it to have a small volume. The length, width, and height of the high-voltage power distribution unit can correspond to the length, width, and height of the vehicle, minimizing its footprint in these dimensions while maximizing the use of space in the vehicle's height direction.

[0081] In some embodiments, the high-voltage power distribution unit in this application can serve as a secondary high-voltage power distribution unit for the vehicle, and the vehicle may also include a primary high-voltage power distribution unit. The vehicle can then perform battery swapping.

[0082] The high-voltage power distribution unit (slave high-voltage power distribution unit) in this embodiment can cooperate with the main high-voltage power distribution unit. The slave high-voltage power distribution unit is directly connected to the battery pack and can be located inside or outside the battery pack. It is used to record and manage the current, voltage, etc. of the battery pack. During battery swapping, the high-voltage power distribution unit (slave high-voltage power distribution unit) and the battery pack can be replaced simultaneously. In some embodiments, the vehicle can perform bottom battery swapping.

[0083] In some embodiments, the correctness of the battery's connection to the vehicle's electrical system is detected during the battery swapping process by cooperating with the main high-voltage power distribution unit. If there are issues such as loose connections or poor contact, abnormal circuit parameters may be detected by the high-voltage power distribution unit or the main high-voltage power distribution unit, and a warning may be issued to the user or maintenance personnel through the vehicle's warning system.

[0084] In some embodiments, the high-voltage power distribution unit (from the high-voltage power distribution unit) in this application embodiment can be a high-voltage power distribution unit with three-branch power swapping, and the first connector 200 can be a power swapping connector.

[0085] The embodiments of this utility model have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this utility model. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-voltage power distribution unit, characterized in that, The high-voltage power distribution unit includes: The housing includes a lid and a bottom wall arranged along a first direction, wherein a first mounting cavity and a second mounting cavity are formed between the lid and the bottom wall, and the first mounting cavity and the second mounting cavity are arranged along the first direction; A BMS component is installed in the first mounting cavity, and the BMS component is electrically connected to the battery pack and external electrical equipment respectively. An overcurrent assembly is installed in the second mounting cavity. The overcurrent assembly includes a battery-side module and a load-side module that are electrically connected to each other. The battery-side module is used to be electrically connected to the battery pack, and the load-side module is used to be electrically connected to external electrical equipment.

2. The high-voltage power distribution unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second mounting cavity is located near the cover. The high-voltage power distribution unit also includes a first connector mounted on the cover. The first connector includes a first connection end and a second connection end. The first connection end is located in the second mounting cavity and is electrically connected to the overcurrent assembly. The second connection end is located on the side of the cover away from the bottom wall and is used to connect to external electrical equipment.

3. The high-voltage power distribution unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing also includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall disposed along the second direction; The housing also includes a crossbeam and a partition disposed between the cover and the bottom wall. The two opposite ends of the crossbeam are respectively fixed to the first side wall and the second side wall. The partition is fixed to the side of the crossbeam near the cover. The partition and the cover form the second mounting cavity. The flow-through assembly is installed on the side of the partition facing the cover.

4. The high-voltage power distribution unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The housing also includes a third sidewall and a fourth sidewall disposed along a third direction, the third direction being perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. The partition extends along the third direction. The overcurrent assembly includes a plurality of relays and a TBOX signal box electrically connected to the BMS assembly. The plurality of relays are spaced apart along the third direction on the partition. The TBOX signal box is disposed on the fourth sidewall and spaced apart from the relays.

5. The high-voltage power distribution unit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The high-voltage power distribution unit also includes a second connector and an insulating post; The second connector is mounted on the second sidewall, and at least a portion of the second connector is located on the outside of the housing for connection with the battery pack; The current-passing assembly further includes a conductive busbar, one end of which is connected to the side of the relay away from the partition. At least a portion of the conductive busbar and the partition form a first chamber. The other end of the conductive busbar is connected to the second connector. An insulating post is installed in the first chamber, and the two opposite ends of the insulating post are respectively connected to the partition and the conductive busbar.

6. The high-voltage power distribution unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The insulating column has a first mating part at one end near the partition; the high-voltage power distribution unit also includes a mounting base that mates with the first mating part, and the mounting base is fixed to the side of the partition facing the box cover.

7. The high-voltage power distribution unit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting base includes a support portion and a second mating portion. The support portion has a second chamber. The second mating portion is installed on the side of the support portion away from the partition. The second mating portion and the first mating portion are connected to connect the insulating column and the partition. The second chamber is located between the second mating portion and the partition.

8. The high-voltage power distribution unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The insulating column has a slot at one end near the box cover, the conductive busbar has a through hole, and the high-voltage power distribution unit also includes fasteners, which are sequentially inserted into the through hole and the slot to secure the insulating column and the conductive busbar.

9. The high-voltage power distribution unit according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that, The high-voltage power distribution unit also includes a Hall sensor, which is electrically connected to the relay and is used to electrically connect to the battery pack. The Hall sensor is disposed between the second connector and the relay.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes a high-voltage power distribution unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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