Fixing device for railway tunnel waterproof plate

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fixing device of a railway tunnel waterproof plate, which belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction and comprises a threaded shoot nail, a first gasket, a second gasket and a sealing ring, the sealing ring is arranged on the outer side of the threaded shoot nail, and the first gasket and the second gasket are sequentially arranged between a waterproof layer and the threaded shoot nail. The first gasket and the second gasket are used for sealing and fixing the threaded shoot nail and the waterproof layer and ensuring that the position of the threaded shoot nail is stable, unnecessary displacement is prevented, it is ensured that the threaded shoot nail can bear large stress and vibration in the waterproof construction process of the whole tunnel, the sealing ring makes contact with the surface around the nail head of the threaded shoot nail, and the sealing effect is good. According to the fixing device for the railway tunnel waterproof plate, the waterproof effect is ensured, so that the sealing performance, durability and stability of the fixing device for the railway tunnel waterproof plate can be improved through cooperative use of the threaded shoot nail, the first gasket, the second gasket and the sealing ring, the waterproof effect of the whole railway tunnel is improved, and then potential safety hazards of the tunnel are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular relates to a fixing device for waterproof membrane in railway tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels are typically buried underground, surrounded by varying levels of groundwater. Groundwater infiltration can affect the stability of the tunnel structure, reducing its durability and load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, moisture infiltration can create a damp environment inside the tunnel, impacting driving safety and the normal operation of equipment, while also increasing future maintenance costs.

[0003] For waterproofing construction of railway tunnels, composite lining structures are typically used to effectively prevent groundwater seepage. In composite linings, waterproofing membranes play a crucial role. A waterproofing membrane is a geomembrane-like seepage-proof material with a thickness greater than 0.80 mm. It is made from high-molecular polymers, typically polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and other materials, with a thickness usually ranging from 1-3 mm. The installation of the waterproofing membrane is usually required before the secondary pouring of the lining. The membrane needs to be laid between the initial support and the lining layer and fixed using specific methods, such as using smooth nails to directly fix the membrane to the initial support or surrounding rock. This ensures that the membrane does not shift or get damaged during construction and that it adheres tightly to the base surface, thus fulfilling its waterproofing function.

[0004] However, the existing method of fixing waterproof membranes with smooth nails has at least the following drawbacks: due to the smooth surface of the nails, they are prone to loosening when fixed to the waterproof membrane, resulting in an unstable waterproof membrane and affecting the waterproofing effect; when using nails to fix the waterproof membrane, the membrane is prone to deformation and damage due to stress concentration, and the fixation of smooth nails is not durable and stable enough, thus affecting the waterproofing effect of the tunnel and increasing the safety hazards of tunnel construction. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model aims to provide a fixing device for waterproof membranes in railway tunnels. This device can provide long-term stable fixing force and adapt to the high load, vibration, and harsh environment of railway tunnels. It overcomes the problem of deformation and damage caused by stress concentration in current tunnel waterproof membrane fixing methods, thereby achieving the technical effects of improving tunnel waterproofing, reducing safety hazards during tunnel construction, lowering subsequent tunnel operation and maintenance costs, and extending tunnel service life.

[0006] The main idea of ​​the technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: By designing a fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane, including a threaded nail, a first washer, a second washer, and a sealing ring, the sealing ring is located on the outside of the threaded nail, and the first washer and the second washer are sequentially located between the waterproof layer and the threaded nail. The cooperation of the threaded nail, the first washer, the second washer, and the sealing ring can improve the sealing performance, durability, and stability of the fixing device for the railway tunnel waterproof membrane of this application, thereby improving the waterproof effect of the entire railway tunnel and reducing the safety hazards of tunnel construction.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0008] A fixing device for a waterproof membrane in a railway tunnel includes a threaded nail, a first washer, a second washer, and a sealing ring. The sealing ring is located on the outside of the threaded nail, and the first washer and the second washer are sequentially located between the waterproof layer and the threaded nail.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the above technical solution, the threaded nail comprises a nail head, a transition section, a threaded section, and a nail tip connected in sequence.

[0010] Furthermore, through the above technical solution, the outer diameter of the threaded section gradually increases along the direction from the nail tip to the nail head.

[0011] Furthermore, through the above technical solution, the pitch of the threaded segment is set to increase incrementally along the direction from the nail tip to the nail head.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the above technical solutions, the thread depth of the threaded section is set to increase incrementally along the direction from the nail tip to the nail head.

[0013] The technical effects achieved by this utility model are as follows:

[0014] 1. A threaded nail, a first washer, a second washer, and a sealing ring. The sealing ring is located on the outside of the threaded nail. The first and second washers are sequentially located between the waterproof layer and the threaded nail. The first and second washers seal and fix the threaded nail to the waterproof layer and ensure the stability of the threaded nail's position, preventing unnecessary displacement. They also ensure that the threaded nail can withstand significant stress and vibration during the waterproofing construction of the entire railway tunnel. The sealing ring contacts the surface around the nail head of the threaded nail to ensure the waterproofing effect. Thus, the combined use of the threaded nail, the first washer, the second washer, and the sealing ring improves the sealing performance, durability, and stability of the fixing device for the railway tunnel waterproofing membrane of this application, thereby enhancing the waterproofing effect of the entire railway tunnel and reducing safety hazards during tunnel construction.

[0015] 2. The outer diameter of the threaded section of the threaded nail gradually increases from the nail tip to the nail head. This design, where the outer diameter of the threaded section gradually increases from the nail tip to the nail head, provides excellent guidance during the driving of the threaded nail. This helps ensure that the threaded nail accurately enters the base layer in the predetermined direction, avoiding deviation or tilting. Furthermore, after driving in, as the driving depth increases, the contact area and friction between the thread and the initial support gradually increase, thus providing better anchoring force, preventing the nail from loosening, and evenly distributing the impact force to the surrounding material, reducing localized stress concentration. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the laying of the waterproof membrane and waterproof layer in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing state of a fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the threaded nail of the fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproofing membrane in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0019] Markings in the diagram: 1-surrounding rock, 2-initial support, 3-first washer, 4-threaded nail, 401-nail head, 402-transition section, 403-threaded section, 404-nail tip, 5-second washer, 6-sealing ring, 7-waterproof layer, 8-waterproof membrane. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] The present invention and its embodiments are described below. This description is not restrictive, and the actual embodiments are not limited thereto. In short, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] For waterproofing construction of railway tunnels, composite lining structures are typically used to effectively prevent groundwater seepage. In composite linings, waterproofing membranes play a crucial role. The installation of waterproofing membranes usually requires prior to the secondary pouring of the lining. The waterproofing membrane needs to be laid between the initial support and the lining layer, and a specific fixing method must be used to ensure that it does not shift or get damaged during construction, ensuring a tight fit with the base surface to perform its waterproofing function. For example, smooth nails can be used to directly fix the waterproofing membrane to the initial support or surrounding rock, ensuring that the membrane does not shift or get damaged during construction and that it fits tightly with the base surface to perform its waterproofing function.

[0023] The inventors' research found that existing methods of fixing waterproof membranes with smooth nails have at least the following drawbacks: due to the smooth surface of the smooth nails, the nails are prone to loosening when fixed to the waterproof membrane, resulting in an unstable waterproof membrane and affecting the waterproofing effect; when using smooth nails to fix the waterproof membrane, the waterproof membrane is prone to deformation and damage due to stress concentration, and the fixation of smooth nails is not durable and stable enough, thus affecting the waterproofing effect of the tunnel and increasing the safety hazards of tunnel construction.

[0024] Based on the above findings, this application proposes a fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane, including a threaded nail, a first washer, a second washer, and a sealing ring. The sealing ring is located on the outside of the threaded nail. The first washer and the second washer are sequentially located between the waterproof layer and the threaded nail. The threaded nail passes through the waterproof layer, and the first washer and the second washer are sequentially located between the waterproof layer and the threaded nail. The first washer and the second washer seal and fix the threaded nail to the waterproof layer and ensure the stability of the threaded nail's position, preventing unnecessary displacement and ensuring that the threaded nail can withstand greater stress and vibration during the entire waterproof construction process of the railway tunnel. The sealing ring contacts the surface around the head of the threaded nail. When the threaded nail penetrates the waterproof layer and is fixed, the sealing ring is compressed, thereby forming a tight sealing layer to ensure the waterproof effect. Thus, the design of the threaded nail, the first washer, the second washer, and the sealing ring can improve the sealing performance, durability, and stability of the fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane of this application, thereby improving the waterproof effect of the entire railway tunnel and reducing safety hazards during tunnel construction.

[0025] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing state of a fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane according to an embodiment of the application. The fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane according to this embodiment is installed on the surrounding rock 1 or the initial support 2 to fix the waterproof membrane 8. It includes a threaded nail 4, a first washer 3, a second washer 5, and a sealing ring 6. The threaded nail 4 passes through the waterproof layer 7, fixing the waterproof layer 7 to the surface of the initial support 2. The first washer 3 and the second washer 5 are provided between the waterproof layer 7 and the threaded nail 4. The first and second washers seal and fix the threaded nail to the waterproof layer, ensuring the stability of the threaded nail's position, preventing unnecessary displacement, and ensuring that the threaded nail can withstand greater stress and vibration during the entire waterproofing construction of the railway tunnel. The sealing ring 6 is located on the outside of the threaded nail 4, contacting the surface around the outer edge of the threaded nail. When the threaded nail penetrates the waterproof layer and is fixed, the sealing ring is compressed, thereby forming a tight sealing layer between the lining surface and the waterproof layer, preventing water from seeping into the waterproof layer along the threaded nail holes, ensuring the waterproofing effect.

[0026] In this embodiment, by providing a first washer 3 and a second washer 5 between the threaded nail 4 and the waterproof layer 7, and by setting a sealing ring 6 on the outside of the threaded nail 4, the design of the threaded nail 4, the first washer 3, the second washer 5 and the sealing ring 6 can ensure the sealing and fixing between the threaded nail and the waterproof layer and ensure the stability of the position of the threaded nail, preventing unnecessary displacement, and ensuring that the threaded nail can withstand greater stress and vibration during the waterproofing construction of the entire railway tunnel. This improves the sealing performance, durability and stability of the fixing device for the railway tunnel waterproofing membrane of this application, thereby enhancing the waterproofing effect of the entire railway tunnel and reducing tunnel safety hazards.

[0027] It should be noted that, referring to the appendix Figure 1 , attached Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the laying of the waterproof membrane and waterproof layer in an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment of the utility model, the waterproof membrane for railway tunnels is arranged on the base surface (which can be the surrounding rock 1 or the initial support 2). The waterproof membrane needs to be laid between the initial support and the lining layer according to its requirements, and is fixed in a certain way to ensure that it does not shift or get damaged during construction, ensuring that the waterproof membrane is tightly attached to the base surface, thereby performing its waterproof function. Threaded nails are nails that enhance fixing force and sealing by designing a threaded structure on the surface of the nail. Threaded nails can provide stronger gripping force through the friction and cutting action between the threads and the surface of the target material, preventing loosening or falling off. The design of threaded nails has better sealing performance, especially suitable for waterproofing, airtight sealing and other scenarios, providing long-term stable fixing force and adapting to high loads, vibrations and harsh environments. Threaded nails are usually made of materials such as stainless steel, carbon steel or alloy steel, which have strong corrosion resistance and seismic resistance. Using a combination of nails, a first washer, a second washer, and a sealing ring to fix the waterproof membrane improves construction efficiency. Compared to traditional fixing methods, threaded nails are faster to install, easier to operate, and significantly shorten the construction cycle. Meanwhile, the use of the first and second washers ensures uniformity and stability during the fixing process, reducing damage to the waterproof membrane during construction, thereby reducing material waste and additional repair costs.

[0028] In this embodiment, a fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane is designed and installed on the surrounding rock 1 or the initial support 2. The device is used to fix the waterproof membrane 8. The device includes threaded nails that pass through the waterproof layer to fix it to the initial support. A first washer and a second washer are sequentially provided between the waterproof layer and the threaded nails. One side of the first washer contacts the waterproof layer. The threaded nails pass through the waterproof layer and fix it to the initial support. When the threaded nails are driven into the lining surface, the threaded structure of the nails creates a slight sealing effect between the nails and the lining. This device enhances the friction with the tunnel lining, ensuring better fixation. The first and second washers are sequentially positioned between the waterproof layer and the threaded nail, sealing and fixing the threaded nail to the waterproof layer. The second washer, positioned between the first washer and the threaded nail, ensures the position and stability of the threaded nail, preventing unnecessary displacement and guaranteeing the sealing effect of the waterproof membrane. Furthermore, it ensures that the threaded nail can withstand significant stress and vibration during the entire railway tunnel waterproofing construction process. This improves the sealing, durability, and stability of the fixing device for the railway tunnel waterproof membrane, thereby enhancing the overall waterproofing effect of the railway tunnel and reducing tunnel safety hazards.

[0029] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the threaded nail in the fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the threaded nail 4 includes a nail head 401, a transition section 402, a threaded section 403, and a nail tip 404. The transition section 402 and the threaded section 402 are designed perpendicular to the nail head 401. The transition section 402 is a smooth cylindrical structure. The threaded section 403 is smoothly connected after the transition section 402 and before the nail tip 404. In use, the first washer and the second washer are sequentially placed between the waterproof layer 7 and the nail head 401. The sealing ring 6 is placed on the outside of the nail head 401. The nail tip 404, the threaded section 403, and the transition section 402 sequentially pass through the waterproof layer and fix the waterproof layer 7 to the initial support 2.

[0030] In this embodiment, the threaded nail includes a nail head, a transition section, a threaded section, and a nail tip. The transition section and the threaded section are perpendicular to the nail head. The threaded section and the transition section pass through the waterproof layer in sequence and fix the waterproof membrane to the initial support. When the threaded structure is driven into the lining surface, the thread of the threaded section forms a small sealing effect, which can enhance the friction with the tunnel lining and ensure the stability and durability of the waterproof membrane.

[0031] It should be noted that, compared with existing threaded nails without a transition section, the threaded nail 4 in this embodiment includes a nail head 401, a transition section 402, a threaded section 403, and a nail tip 404, which has the following effects and functions:

[0032] (1) Structurally: The threaded nail with transition section in this application: The threaded portion of this nail is designed with a transition section, that is, there is a gradually changing transition area on the thread of the nail, thereby achieving a better fit between the thread and the lining or waterproof layer. The transition section can effectively avoid direct contact stress concentration and improve the fixing effect. In contrast, the existing threaded nail without transition section: The threaded portion of this nail is directly connected to the main body without a transition section. The start and end of the thread section are usually quite abrupt, which may lead to large local stress on the contact surface.

[0033] (2) Fixing effect: The threaded nail with transition section in this application: Due to the transition section on the thread, the nail can gradually increase the pressure when entering the lining, avoiding direct impact, thus resulting in a more uniform distribution. The transition section can effectively improve the fixing force and shear resistance of the nail, and enhance the connection between the waterproof layer and the tunnel structure. In contrast, the existing threaded nail without transition section: The direct thread design may cause pressure concentration on the contact surface, which can easily lead to uneven fixing force. Long-term use may cause some nails to loosen or the fixing effect to decrease.

[0034] (3) Regarding waterproofing effect: The threaded nail with transition section in this application: Through the design of the transition section, the nail can enter the lining or waterproof membrane surface more smoothly, which helps to reduce the risk of water leakage and ensure a tight connection between the waterproof layer and the tunnel lining, thereby better guaranteeing the waterproofing effect. In contrast, the existing threaded nail without transition section: Due to the lack of transition section, the nail may cause more direct penetration, resulting in some small gaps or incomplete sealing, thus affecting the waterproofing effect.

[0035] The threaded nail of this application includes a transition section design. During the fixing process, the threaded nail gradually increases its contact area with the material, enhancing friction with the lining material and thus providing more stable fixing force and stronger shear resistance. The transition section makes the penetration process of the threaded nail smoother, preventing excessive impact on the waterproofing layer or lining surface, thereby reducing the risk of poor sealing. This helps improve the sealing effect between the waterproofing layer and the lining, ensuring that waterproofing performance is not affected. The transition section design generally makes the nail installation smoother, reducing jamming caused by thread shape or installation angle issues, and improving installation efficiency.

[0036] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the outer diameter of the threaded section 403 gradually increases from the nail tip 404 to the nail head 401. This design, where the outer diameter of the threaded section 403 gradually increases from the nail tip 404 to the nail head 401, provides excellent guidance during the driving of the threaded nail 4. This helps ensure that the threaded nail 4 accurately enters the base layer in the predetermined direction, preventing deviation or tilting. Furthermore, after driving, as the driving depth increases, the contact area and friction between the thread and the initial support 2 gradually increase, providing better anchoring force and preventing the nail from loosening. Simultaneously, it can evenly distribute the impact force to the surrounding material. This pressure dispersion reduces local stress concentration, lowers the risk of cracks or breakage in the base material, and better protects the integrity of these materials. It prevents performance damage caused by excessive impact force during nail driving, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire device and the reliability of its waterproofing and other functions.

[0037] It should be noted that the diameter of the nail head is larger than that of the threaded section, which facilitates the transmission of impact force when the threaded nail is driven in, allowing it to smoothly penetrate the surface of the initial tunnel support. This also facilitates the operation of the nail by construction personnel using tools when needed, such as disassembly and inspection. A groove can be provided on the nail head, passing through its axis to form a slotted or cross-shaped groove, making it easy to drive the threaded nail into the waterproof layer and fix it using tools such as a nail gun. The transition section 402 is vertically located at the bottom of the nail head. The transition section is a smooth cylinder. The threaded section 403 smoothly connects after the transition section 402 and before the nail tip 404. The transition section serves to expand and shape the hole after the threaded nail is driven in, preventing hole shrinkage and allowing the threaded section to cut and form threads more effectively, ensuring the stability of the threaded nail 4 and reducing damage to the support structure. The threaded section 403 is a key part of the threaded nail. The outer diameter of the threaded section gradually increases from the tip to the tail, resulting in a more secure threaded connection. The angle between the line connecting the outer diameter of the threaded section and the axis of the threaded section is usually less than 3° to avoid causing excessive damage to the support structure.

[0038] In some embodiments, the pitch of the threaded section 403 increases progressively from the nail tip 404 to the nail head 401, and the thread depth of the threaded section 403 also increases progressively from the nail tip 404 to the nail head 401. This design with different pitches and thread depths allows for a more flexible connection between the nail and the base layer. By making minor adjustments between the thread and the material, stress concentration can be alleviated, reducing the possibility of the nail loosening or falling off due to material deformation. This improves the reliability and durability of the nail connection, thereby further enhancing the sealing, durability, and stability of the fixing device for the railway tunnel waterproofing membrane of this application. Ultimately, this affects the waterproofing effect of the entire railway tunnel, thereby reducing tunnel safety hazards.

[0039] Based on the above technical solution, it should be noted that the sealing ring 6 in this application can be made of an elastically compressible material (such as rubber, silicone, or fluororubber) to provide immediate sealing during the insertion of the threaded nail, preventing water from seeping into the waterproof layer along the nail hole. In this embodiment, the first washer 3 can be a heat-fused washer, and the second washer 5 can be a metal washer. The combination of the threaded nail and the washer effectively and firmly connects the waterproof layer and waterproof membrane to the tunnel lining surface, preventing displacement or loosening of the waterproof membrane during construction. This robust fixing method ensures the integrity of the waterproof layer, avoiding leakage caused by loosening of the waterproof layer, thereby greatly improving the reliability of the tunnel waterproof structure. Simultaneously, the combined use of the two types of washers plays a crucial protective role during nail fixing. The washers can evenly distribute the pressure applied by the nail, preventing the nail from directly damaging the waterproof layer or causing localized damage. This not only helps extend the service life of the waterproof layer but also effectively reduces damage to the waterproof membrane when subjected to external forces, ensuring that the waterproof layer maintains a high waterproof effect during long-term use.

[0040] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the first washer 3 can be made of polyurethane, which has good elasticity, compressive strength, and wear resistance, performing well in environments with high waterproofing requirements and capable of filling and sealing large gaps; the second washer 5 can be made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or other high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant metal materials, possessing excellent pressure resistance. The connecting nail and the thermoplastic washer are used to fix the nail's position and prevent unnecessary displacement.

[0041] In some embodiments, the threaded nails 4, sealing rings 6, and first washers 3 are arranged in a quincunx pattern. By arranging the threaded nails, sealing rings, and first washers in a quincunx pattern, (1) the distribution of the nails can be made more uniform, avoiding stress concentration; (2) while achieving good fixation, material costs and construction time can be reduced; (3) the uniform distribution reduces gaps caused by displacement of the waterproofing membrane, effectively reducing the risk of water seepage in the tunnel and enhancing waterproofing performance.

[0042] Based on the above technical solution, it should be noted that in this embodiment, the spacing between the threaded nails 4 is 0.5–0.7m in the tunnel arch and 1.0–1.2m on the sidewalls. By arranging the threaded nails 4 at a spacing of 0.5–0.7m in the tunnel arch and 1.0–1.2m on the sidewalls, when fixing with threaded nails, the 0.5–0.7m spacing in the tunnel arch improves the overall stability of the device used to fix the waterproof membrane during railway tunnel construction, reducing the risk of localized damage to the railway tunnel. The wider spacing of 1.0–1.2m on the sidewalls ensures safe fixing while saving materials and construction time.

[0043] Based on the above technical solution, it should be noted that the length of the threaded nail can be set to 80mm, and the length of the threaded section 403 of the threaded nail 4 can be set between 20mm and 50mm. Choosing a threaded nail length of 80mm ensures sufficient embedding depth after the nail is driven into the initial support 2 to provide adequate anchoring force. Simultaneously, the threaded section is the main part that contacts the initial support and generates friction. Setting the length of the threaded section 403 between 20mm and 50mm ensures sufficient friction while maintaining a good fixing effect, avoiding increased processing complexity and cost due to excessive length. It also helps to evenly distribute stress on the contact surface between the nail and the initial support, thereby reducing local stress concentration and improving the overall structural stability. Furthermore, the length of the threaded nail and the threaded section 403 can be appropriately adjusted according to the specific requirements of the tunnel lining thickness and waterproofing layer, as long as the threaded nail can withstand significant stress and vibration during the entire waterproofing construction process of the railway tunnel, thereby improving the overall structural stability and reducing tunnel safety hazards. Other feasible options regarding the length of the threaded nail and the length of the threaded section will not be elaborated here.

[0044] The usage process of this utility model is as follows:

[0045] 1. Before construction begins, thoroughly clean the tunnel lining surface to ensure it is free of dust, oil, and other substances that could affect the adhesion of the waterproofing layer. After cleaning, if there are uneven or protruding parts on the lining surface, use mechanical equipment to level them to ensure a smooth and uniform surface so that the subsequent waterproofing layer can cover evenly and adhere firmly.

[0046] 2. After cleaning and treating the lining surface, begin laying the waterproof layer 7. This waterproof layer can be made of geotextile. The geotextile should be laid evenly on the tunnel lining surface, ensuring that the overlap at the joints is no less than 20cm to prevent moisture leakage. According to the construction plan, determine the fixing positions of the threaded nails 4 and mark the accurate laying lines to ensure complete contact between the geotextile and the tunnel lining surface, avoiding wrinkles, gaps, or other irregular areas to ensure waterproofing effectiveness.

[0047] 3. After the geotextile is laid, determine the spacing and hole diameter of the threaded nails 4, as well as the specifications of the first washer 3, the second washer 5, and the sealing ring 6, based on the characteristics of the tunnel structure and the waterproofing layer material. Use the nail fixing device to firmly fix the geotextile to the tunnel lining surface. The nails need to be driven into the tunnel lining surface using pneumatic or explosive tools, penetrating the geotextile to ensure a tight bond between it and the lining surface;

[0048] 4. During the installation of the threaded nail 4, the first washer 3 and the second washer 5 are sequentially placed between the waterproof layer 7 and the threaded nail 4. In this embodiment, the first washer 3 is placed between the threaded nail 4 and the geotextile. The first washer 3 can be a heat-melt washer. By heating, the thermoplastic material of the heat-melt washer melts, filling the gap between the threaded nail 4 and the waterproof layer, and forming a solid sealing layer after cooling. The application of the heat-melt washer further enhances the sealing effect and provides additional waterproof protection. To improve the durability of the fixing device, especially in places subjected to greater external forces or pressures, a second washer is installed around each nail. The second washer is a metal washer, installed below the nail, to ensure that it can withstand greater stress and vibration throughout the waterproof layer construction process.

[0049] 5. Install a sealing ring 6 on the outside of the head 401 of each threaded nail 4. The sealing ring 6 contacts the surface around the head 401 of the threaded nail 4. After the nail tip 404, thread section 403, and transition section 402 of the threaded nail 4 penetrate the waterproof layer and are fixed in sequence, the sealing ring 6 will be compressed, thereby forming a tight sealing layer. This step ensures that moisture, gas, etc., cannot penetrate through the nail holes during the installation of the fixing device, maintaining the waterproof effect.

[0050] 6. After the threaded nails are fixed, the waterproof membrane 8 is laid. Waterproof membrane 8 is a hot-welded waterproof membrane. The waterproof membrane is typically made of high-performance materials such as PVC or HDPE, which have excellent impermeability. The waterproof membrane should be laid using a special trolley to fix it in the predetermined position, suspended from the tunnel arch towards the side walls. The lower waterproof membrane must overlap the upper one. Then, a manual electric fusion welder is used to heat and weld the waterproof membrane onto the special hot-melt gasket used to fix the geotextile. The waterproof membrane should be laid with appropriate tightness to ensure it fully bonds with the geotextile and adheres tightly to the shotcrete surface.

[0051] This utility model discloses a fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane. A threaded nail passes through the waterproof layer, and a first washer and a second washer are sequentially positioned between the waterproof layer and the threaded nail. The first and second washers seal and fix the threaded nail to the waterproof layer, ensuring the stability of the threaded nail's position and preventing unnecessary displacement. They also ensure that the threaded nail can withstand significant stress and vibration during the entire waterproofing construction process of the railway tunnel. A sealing ring contacts the surface around the head of the threaded nail. When the threaded nail penetrates the waterproof layer and is fixed, the sealing ring is compressed, forming a tight seal and ensuring the waterproofing effect. Therefore, the design of the threaded nail, the first washer, the second washer, and the sealing ring improves the sealing performance, durability, and stability of the fixing device for the railway tunnel waterproof membrane, thereby enhancing the overall waterproofing effect of the railway tunnel and reducing tunnel safety hazards.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and alterations made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model. The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present utility model and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present utility model. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed by the present utility model fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A fixing device for a waterproof membrane in a railway tunnel, characterized in that, include: The threaded nail (4), the first washer (3), the second washer (5) and the sealing ring (6) are arranged on the outside of the threaded nail (4), and the first washer (3) and the second washer (5) are arranged between the waterproof layer (7) and the threaded nail (4) in sequence. The threaded nail (4) includes a nail head (401), a transition section (402), a threaded section (403) and a nail tip (404) connected in sequence.

2. The fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The threaded section (403) gradually increases in size from the outer diameter nail tip (404) to the nail head (401).

3. The fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pitch of the threaded section (403) increases progressively from the nail tip (404) to the nail head (401).

4. The fixing device for a railway tunnel waterproof membrane as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thread depth of the threaded section (403) increases progressively from the nail tip (404) to the nail head (401).

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