Quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system, which is characterized in that an electric heating device is arranged to accelerate the reaction rate of a vaporizer and a low-temperature reformer, and the low-temperature reformer is communicated with a high-temperature reformer; hydrogen-rich gas generated by the low-temperature reformer is fed into a combustor to be combusted, and generated high-temperature flue gas preheats an air heat exchanger, a high-temperature reformer, the low-temperature reformer and a vaporizer in sequence, so that the reaction rate is increased; the temperature rise of the air heat exchanger is beneficial to the temperature rise of the reaction galvanic pile, so that the temperature rise rate of the reaction galvanic pile is improved, the temperature rise time of the solid oxide fuel cell is shortened, the energy consumption is reduced, and the power demand of the solid oxide fuel cell for adapting to a load is accelerated; by adopting the structure that the reaction galvanic pile is connected with the combustion chamber and the reaction galvanic pile is connected with the storage battery, the electric energy which is not completely released by the galvanic pile can be stored in the storage battery, and the heat energy which is not completely released by the galvanic pile supplies heat to other parts through the combustor, so that the solid oxide fuel cell is prevented from being damaged by high temperature.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to fuel cell technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of solid oxide fuel cell system of quick start. BACKGROUND

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC for short) is a kind of chemical energy of hydrocarbon is converted into electric energy generating device.SOFC stack is mainly composed of porous anode, electrolyte and porous cathode, SOFC stack uses gas containing a large amount of hydrogen as fuel, uses oxygen as oxidant, and generates electricity by electrochemical reaction with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, carbon hydride.

[0003] The working temperature of SOFC is high (600~1000℃), considering the material thermal expansion matching of solid oxide fuel cell and other reasons, the electric heating temperature rising rate of SOFC is generally slow, the temperature rising time is long, and the energy consumption is high.Because it cannot adapt to the large amplitude change of load in short time, direct use has greater limitation, such as: when the load is greatly increased in short time, although SOFC power generation system can increase fuel supply, but it cannot reach the required power of required load in short time;when the load is greatly reduced in short time, although SOFC power generation system can reduce fuel supply, but in the switching process, the fuel cannot completely release electric energy and the heat energy generated, which will cause the local temperature of SOFC power generation system to rise too fast in short time, and even over-temperature damage. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is how to make the fuel cell supply quickly adapt to the demand of load, avoid the local temperature rise of SOFC power generation system caused by the electric energy and heat energy that cannot be completely released, and further cause the performance damage of SOFC power generation system.

[0005] The utility model provides a kind of solid oxide fuel cell system of quick start, including fuel tank, vaporizer, low-temperature reformer, high-temperature reformer, air heat exchanger, combustor, reaction stack and battery, wherein:

[0006] The fuel tank is used to provide fuel for solid oxide fuel system;

[0007] The vaporizer is used to vaporize fuel, the fuel inlet A of the vaporizer is communicated with fuel tank;The fuel outlet B of the vaporizer is communicated with the fuel inlet A of low-temperature reformer;The flue gas inlet C of the vaporizer is communicated with the flue gas outlet D of the low-temperature reformer;The flue gas outlet D of the vaporizer is communicated with outside atmosphere;

[0008] The low-temperature reformer is used for reforming fuel into hydrogen-rich gas, the low-temperature reformer is filled with a low-temperature reforming catalyst, a fuel outlet B of the low-temperature reformer is connected with a fuel inlet A of the high-temperature reformer and a fuel inlet A of the combustor, and a flue gas inlet C of the low-temperature reformer is connected with a flue gas outlet D of the high-temperature reformer;

[0009] The vaporizer and the low-temperature reformer are both provided with an electric heating device;

[0010] The high-temperature reformer is used for further reforming fuel into hydrogen-rich gas, the high-temperature reformer is filled with a high-temperature reforming catalyst, a fuel outlet B of the high-temperature reformer is connected with an anode gas inlet of the reaction stack, and a flue gas inlet C of the high-temperature reformer is connected with a flue gas outlet G of the combustor;

[0011] The air heat exchanger is used for supplying air to the reaction stack, an air inlet C of the air heat exchanger is connected with a fan for inputting external air into the air heat exchanger, and an air outlet D of the air heat exchanger is connected with the cathode gas inlet;

[0012] The reaction stack releases electric energy and heat energy through oxidation-reduction reaction of hydrogen-rich gas input from the anode gas inlet and air input from the cathode gas inlet, an anode gas outlet of the reaction stack is connected with the fuel inlet B of the combustor, a cathode gas outlet of the reaction stack is connected with the fuel inlet C of the combustor, the electric energy released by the reaction stack is connected with an electric load through a wire, and the reaction stack is also connected with a storage battery for storing electric energy.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the system has the following advantages: the electric heating devices arranged at the vaporizer and the low-temperature reformer accelerate the reaction rate of the vaporizer and the low-temperature reformer, the hydrogen-rich gas generated by the low-temperature reformer is sent into the combustor through the low-temperature reformer and the combustor, the air sent into the cathode gas inlet and the cathode gas outlet of the stack through the fan is combusted to generate heat energy, and the air heat exchanger, the high-temperature reformer, the low-temperature reformer and the vaporizer connected with the flue gas outlet G of the combustor in sequence are preheated, so as to accelerate the reaction rate of the air heat exchanger, the high-temperature reformer, the low-temperature reformer and the vaporizer; then, the air heat exchanger is heated to heat the air entering the stack, which helps to heat the stack, thereby improving the heating rate of the stack, reducing the heating time of the solid oxide fuel cell, reducing the energy consumption, and accelerating the power demand of the solid oxide fuel cell to adapt to the load; in addition, the structure that the stack is connected with the combustor and the stack is connected with the storage battery enables the solid oxide fuel cell to store the electric energy that cannot be completely released by the stack into the storage battery in the working mode, the heat energy that cannot be completely released by the stack is supplied to other components through the combustor, and the solid oxide fuel cell is prevented from being damaged by high temperature.

[0014] In a possible implementation, an electromagnetic valve for power generation is arranged on the pipeline between the fuel outlet B of the low-temperature reformer and the fuel inlet A of the high-temperature reformer; an electromagnetic valve for combustion is arranged on the pipeline between the fuel outlet B of the low-temperature reformer and the fuel inlet A of the combustor; the electromagnetic valve for power generation is arranged to control the opening and closing of the pipeline between the low-temperature reformer and the high-temperature reformer; the electromagnetic valve for combustion is arranged to control the opening and closing of the pipeline between the low-temperature reformer and the combustor, so as to switch the low-temperature reformer to be connected to the combustor to achieve the preheating effect, and switch the low-temperature reformer to be connected to the high-temperature reformer to supply hydrogen to the reaction stack, so as to make the reaction stack perform the redox work to generate electric energy and heat energy.

[0015] In a possible implementation, a DC / DC converter and a DC / AC converter are electrically connected in series on the wiring between the reaction stack and the power load, the storage battery is electrically connected to the reaction stack through the DC / DC converter, and the storage battery is electrically connected to the power load through the DC / AC converter; the DC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter are arranged to convert the direct current generated by the reaction stack into the power supply type required by the power load and the storage battery.

[0016] In a possible implementation, an oxygen sensor for detecting the content of flue gas in the discharged flue gas is arranged at the flue gas outlet G.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the storage battery is electrically connected to the electric heating device, and the electric heating device is powered by the storage battery, so as to further save energy consumption.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the cathode of the reaction stack is provided with a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the reaction stack.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the fuel in the fuel tank is an alcohol liquid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The structural framework diagram of the solid oxide fuel cell system of the present application.

[0021] REFERENCE SIGNS:

[0022] 1, fuel tank; 2, vaporizer; 3, low-temperature reformer; 4, high-temperature reformer; 5, air heat exchanger; 6, combustor; 7, reaction stack; 7.1, anode gas inlet; 7.2, anode gas outlet; 7.3, cathode gas inlet; 7.4, cathode gas outlet; 8, storage battery; 9, electric heating device; 10, oxygen sensor; 11, fan; 12, fuel pump; 13, DC / AC converter; 14, electromagnetic valve for combustion; 15, electromagnetic valve for power generation; 16, DC / DC converter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] First, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments as needed in order to adapt to specific application occasions.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, which can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature "above", "above" and "above" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0026] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Referring to Figure 1 As shown in the drawings, the embodiments of the present application disclose a quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system, which comprises a fuel tank 1, a vaporizer 2, a low-temperature reformer 3, a high-temperature reformer 4, an air heat exchanger 5, a burner 6, a reaction stack 7 and a battery 8. The vaporizer 2, the low-temperature reformer 3 and the high-temperature reformer 4 of the specific embodiment each have a fuel inlet A, a fuel outlet B, a flue gas inlet C and a flue gas outlet D. The air heat exchanger 5 has an air inlet E, an air outlet F, a flue gas inlet C and a flue gas outlet D. The burner 6 has a fuel inlet A, a fuel inlet B, a fuel inlet C and a flue gas outlet G. The burner 6 of the specific embodiment has a fuel inlet A, a fuel inlet B and a fuel inlet C. The reaction stack has an anode gas inlet 7.1, an anode gas outlet 7.2, a cathode gas inlet 7.3 and a cathode gas outlet 7.4; wherein:

[0028] The fuel tank 1 is used to provide fuel for the solid oxide fuel system; the fuel of the embodiment is methanol; by reforming the alcohol fuel into hydrogen, ionizing into hydrogen ions under the oxidation-reduction of the reaction stack 7, combining with oxygen ions in the cathode to generate water, and releasing electric energy, the whole process is efficient and environmentally friendly;

[0029] The vaporizer 2 is used to vaporize the fuel, the fuel inlet A of the vaporizer 2 is communicated with the fuel tank 1; the fuel outlet B of the vaporizer 2 is communicated with the fuel inlet A of the low-temperature reformer 3; the flue gas inlet C of the vaporizer 2 is communicated with the flue gas outlet D of the low-temperature reformer 3; the flue gas outlet D of the vaporizer 2 is communicated with the outside atmosphere; a fuel pump 12 is arranged between the vaporizer 2 and the fuel tank 1 for assisting the pumping of fuel into the vaporizer 2; in order to accelerate the vaporization rate of the fuel in the vaporizer 2, an electric heating device 9 is arranged on the vaporizer 2 for heating, which heats the environment in the vaporizer 2 to 200℃, assisting to accelerate the vaporization rate of the fuel;

[0030] The low-temperature reformer 3 is used to reform the fuel into hydrogen-rich gas, and the low-temperature reformer 3 is filled with low-temperature reforming catalyst; the fuel outlet B of the low-temperature reformer 3 is communicated with the fuel inlet A of the high-temperature reformer 4 and the fuel inlet A of the burner 6; an electromagnetic valve 15 for power generation is arranged on the pipeline between the fuel outlet B of the low-temperature reformer 3 and the fuel inlet A of the high-temperature reformer 4; an electromagnetic valve 14 for combustion is arranged on the pipeline between the fuel outlet B of the low-temperature reformer 3 and the fuel inlet A of the burner 6; the electromagnetic valve 15 for power generation is arranged to control the opening and closing of the pipeline between the low-temperature reformer 3 and the high-temperature reformer 4; the electromagnetic valve 14 for combustion is arranged to control the opening and closing of the pipeline between the low-temperature reformer 3 and the burner 6, realizing the switching of the low-temperature reformer 3 to communicate with the burner 6 to realize the preheating effect, and the low-temperature reformer 3 communicates with the high-temperature reformer 4 to deliver hydrogen to the reaction stack 7, so that the reaction stack 7 performs oxidation-reduction work to generate electric energy and heat energy; in addition, in order to accelerate the catalytic rate of the low-temperature reforming catalyst, the low-temperature reformer 3 is also provided with an electric heating device 9, which heats the low-temperature reformer 3 to 300℃, so that the vaporized fuel is reformed into hydrogen-rich gas in the low-temperature reformer 3;

[0031] The high-temperature reformer 4 is used to further reform the fuel into hydrogen-rich gas, and the high-temperature reformer 4 is filled with high-temperature reforming catalyst, and the fuel outlet B of the high-temperature reformer 4 is communicated with the anode gas inlet 7.1; the flue gas inlet C of the high-temperature reformer 4 is communicated with the exhaust port G;

[0032] The air heat exchanger 5 is used to deliver air to the reaction stack 7; the air inlet E of the air heat exchanger is connected with a fan 11 for inputting outside air into the air heat exchanger 5, and the air outlet F of the air heat exchanger is communicated with the cathode air inlet 7.3;

[0033] The reaction stack 7 releases electric energy and heat energy through oxidation-reduction reaction of hydrogen-rich gas inputted from the anode air inlet 7.1 and air inputted from the cathode air inlet 7.3; the anode air outlet 7.2 is communicated with the fuel inlet B, and the cathode air outlet 7.4 is communicated with the fuel inlet C; the electric energy released by the reaction stack 7 is electrically connected with the electric load through wiring, and the reaction stack 7 is also electrically connected with the battery 8 for storing electric energy. Specifically, the wiring between the reaction stack 7 and the electric load is electrically connected with a DC / DC converter 16 and a DC / AC converter 13, the battery 8 is electrically connected with the reaction stack 7 through the DC / DC converter 16, and the battery 8 is electrically connected with the electric load through the DC / AC converter 13; the direct current generated by the stack reaction is converted into the power type required by the load and the battery 8 through the DC / DC converter 16 and the DC / AC converter 13. The load of the specific embodiment is a new energy electric vehicle, and the electric energy generated by the stack is converted into 400-800V through the DC / DC converter 16 to supply power for the battery of the new energy electric vehicle, thereby meeting the power demand of the new energy electric vehicle; in addition, the electric energy generated by the stack can also be converted into 24V through the DC / DC converter 16 to meet the demand of the electric vehicle for indoor power supply. Moreover, by arranging the battery 8 on the solid oxide fuel cell, the battery 8 can resist the impact caused by the large amplitude change of the load in a short time, and also accelerate the solid oxide fuel cell to adapt to the power demand of the load, thereby meeting the demand of different working conditions.

[0034] In addition, an oxygen sensor 10 is arranged at the smoke outlet G to detect the oxygen content in the flue gas, so as to judge whether the combustion of the burner 6 is sufficient enough, and then adjust the speed of the fan 11. When the oxygen sensor 10 detects that the oxygen content in the flue gas exceeds the standard, the speed of the fan 11 is reduced; if the oxygen sensor 10 detects that the oxygen content in the flue gas is too low, the speed of the fan 11 is increased.

[0035] The utility model discloses a quick start solid oxide fuel cell system and a starting method thereof, which can improve the starting speed of the solid oxide fuel cell system and reduce the energy consumption of the solid oxide fuel cell system.

[0036] Based on the starting method of the quick start solid oxide fuel cell system, the utility model discloses a solid oxide fuel cell system.

[0037] Step 1, start the electric heating device 9, and open the electromagnetic valve 14 and the fan 11 for combustion, and the low-temperature reformer 3 and the combustor 6 are in a communication state; the fan 11 inputs the external air into the combustor 6 through the air heat exchanger 5, the cathode inlet 7.3 and the cathode outlet 7.4.

[0038] Step 2, the fuel enters the vaporizer 2, and after being vaporized under the heating assistance of the electric heating device 9, enters the low-temperature reformer 3.

[0039] Step 3, the low-temperature reforming catalyst in the low-temperature reformer 3 reforms the vaporized fuel into hydrogen-rich gas under the heating assistance of the electric heating device 9, and the hydrogen-rich gas enters the combustor 6 through the low-temperature reformer 3 and the combustor 6.

[0040] Step 4, the combustor 6 burns the hydrogen-rich gas and the air, and the high-temperature flue gas generated is sequentially sent to the air heat exchanger 5, the high-temperature reformer 4, the low-temperature reformer 3 and the vaporizer 2 through the smoke outlet D of the combustor 6 for preheating and then discharged to the atmosphere; the temperature rise of the air heat exchanger 5 helps to heat the air input by the fan 11 and drive the reaction stack 7 to rise in temperature.

[0041] Step 5, the temperature parameter of the temperature sensor on the reaction stack 7 is collected in real time, and whether the temperature parameter reaches a preset threshold value is judged; in the embodiment, the preset threshold value is 700 DEG C; if yes, step 6 is entered; if no, step 2 is returned.

[0042] Step 6, close the electromagnetic valve 14 for combustion and the electric heating device 9, open the electromagnetic valve 15 for power generation, and make the low-temperature reformer 3 and the high-temperature reformer 4 in communication, so that the hydrogen-rich gas generated by the low-temperature reformer 3 is input into the high-temperature reformer 4 for secondary catalytic reforming, and then the hydrogen-rich gas with a higher hydrogen content is input into the reaction stack 7 through the anode gas inlet 7.1; the air input through the air heat exchanger 5 is used for redox reaction;

[0043] Step 7, the high-temperature water vapor generated by the redox reaction of the reaction stack 7 and the unreacted hydrogen and air are input into the combustor 6 through the anode gas outlet 7.2 and the cathode gas outlet 7.4 respectively, and the exhaust gas is continuously used for heating the air heat exchanger 5, the high-temperature reformer 4, the low-temperature reformer 3 and the vaporizer 2; the electric energy generated by the redox reaction of the reaction stack 7 is used for power supply through the wiring.

[0044] In steps 4 and 7, the oxygen content of the oxygen sensor 10 at the exhaust port G is monitored in real time, if the oxygen content is within the preset range, the wind speed of the fan 11 is kept, if the oxygen content exceeds the preset range, the wind speed of the fan 11 is adjusted, so that the reaction in the stack is sufficient, and the combustion in the combustor 6 is also sufficient. The oxygen content in the flue gas output by the combustor 6 is collected by the oxygen sensor 10, if the oxygen content exceeds the preset value, the wind speed of the fan is reduced, if the oxygen content is lower than the preset threshold, the wind speed of the fan is increased. The preset value and the preset threshold of the oxygen content are set according to the actual application scene.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, in the description of the present application, the terms indicating the direction or position relationship are based on the direction or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or component must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0046] In the description of the present application, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "in this embodiment", "specific examples" or "some examples" means that the specific features, mechanisms, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, mechanisms, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. Furthermore, the skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0047] The above merely provides the specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can be easily conceived by the person skilled in the art, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system, characterized by, It comprises a fuel tank (1), a vaporizer (2), a low-temperature reformer (3), a high-temperature reformer (4), an air heat exchanger (5), a burner (6), a reaction stack (7) and a battery (8), wherein: The fuel tank (1) is used to provide fuel for the solid oxide fuel system; The vaporizer (2) is used to vaporize the fuel, the fuel inlet A of the vaporizer (2) is communicated with the fuel tank (1); the fuel outlet B of the vaporizer (2) is communicated with the fuel inlet A of the low-temperature reformer (3); the flue gas inlet C of the vaporizer (2) is communicated with the flue gas outlet D of the low-temperature reformer (3); the flue gas outlet D of the vaporizer (2) is communicated with the outside atmosphere; The low-temperature reformer (3) is used to reform the fuel into hydrogen-rich gas, the low-temperature reformer (3) is filled with low-temperature reforming catalyst, the fuel outlet B of the low-temperature reformer (3) is communicated with the fuel inlet A of the high-temperature reformer (4) and the fuel inlet A of the burner (6); the flue gas inlet C of the low-temperature reformer (3) is communicated with the flue gas outlet D of the high-temperature reformer (4); The vaporizer (2) and the low-temperature reformer (3) are both provided with an electric heating device (9); The high-temperature reformer (4) is used to further reform the fuel into hydrogen-rich gas, the high-temperature reformer (4) is filled with high-temperature reforming catalyst, the fuel outlet B of the high-temperature reformer (4) is communicated with the anode gas inlet (7.1) of the reaction stack; the flue gas inlet C of the high-temperature reformer (4) is communicated with the exhaust gas outlet G of the burner (6); The air heat exchanger (5) is used to deliver air to the reaction stack (7); the air inlet is connected with a fan (11) for inputting outside air into the air heat exchanger (5), and the air outlet (F) is communicated with the cathode gas inlet (7.3) of the reaction stack (7); The reaction stack (7) releases electric energy and heat energy through oxidation-reduction reaction according to the hydrogen-rich gas input through the anode gas inlet (7.1) and the air input through the cathode gas inlet (7.3); the anode gas outlet (7.2) of the reaction stack (7) is communicated with the fuel inlet B of the burner (6), the cathode gas outlet (7.4) of the reaction stack (7) is communicated with the fuel inlet C, the electric energy released by the reaction stack (7) is electrically connected with the electric load through a wire, and the reaction stack (7) is also electrically connected with the battery (8) to store electric energy.

2. The quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein, An electromagnetic valve (15) for power generation is arranged on the pipeline between the fuel outlet B of the low-temperature reformer (3) and the fuel inlet A of the high-temperature reformer (4); an electromagnetic valve (14) for combustion is arranged on the pipeline between the fuel outlet B of the low-temperature reformer (3) and the fuel inlet A of the burner (6).

3. The quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein, A fuel pump (12) for pumping fuel into the vaporizer (2) is communicated between the fuel tank (1) and the vaporizer (2).

4. The quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 2 or 3, wherein The DC / DC converter (16) and the DC / AC converter (13) are electrically connected in series between the reaction stack (7) and the electric load.

5. The quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein, An oxygen sensor (10) for detecting the oxygen content in the flue gas is arranged at the flue gas outlet G.

6. The quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein, The battery (8) is electrically connected to the electric heating device (9).

7. The quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein, The cathode of the reaction stack (7) is provided with a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the reaction stack (7).

8. The quick-start solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein, The fuel in the fuel tank (1) is an alcohol liquid.

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