Electronic component identification and detection practical training device

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electronic component identification and detection practical training device, which comprises a box body, two opposite sides of the box body are respectively provided with a bottom plate and a power adapter, the top of the box body is provided with a box cover, the bottom plate is provided with a circuit board provided with various components, and the power adapter is provided with a power adapter. The power adapter is an alternating current-direct current voltage converter connected with external alternating current voltage, and the direct current output end of the power adapter is electrically connected with a power terminal of the circuit board and supplies direct current to various components on the circuit board. The electronic component training device is used for helping a user to learn type classification and identification, physical packaging size, basic functions, basic parameter measurement methods and polarity / direction judgment of conventionally used basic electronic components, is a practical training device meeting user requirements, and can be widely applied to the teaching field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to electronic equipment, and in particular to a training device for electronic component identification and detection. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic components refer to the general-purpose parts used in various electronic devices. Commonly used basic electronic components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, and transistors. Each component can perform a specific function. Depending on the complexity of its internal circuitry, an electronic device may be equipped with several to thousands of basic electronic components to achieve its function. For users involved in electronic product manufacturing, repair, research and development, design, teaching, and training, understanding the types of basic electronic components used (such as resistors and capacitors), their packages (such as 0402 and 0603), basic functions (such as current limiting of resistors and DC blocking and AC passing of capacitors), basic parameters (such as resistance value and accuracy of resistors), and polarity / direction determination is essential and helps users improve work efficiency.

[0003] An existing electronic component identification training device, with publication number CN201420777666.3, includes a circuit board on which common electronic components are mounted. The device is characterized by having nearly one hundred electronic components, categorized into five main types and mounted in different areas of the circuit board. These electronic components are non-repetitive and all are of superior quality. Each electronic component has pins connected to test terminals, and all can be used for parameter testing or circuit connection via connectors. The different areas are categorized according to the electronic component type: resistor area, capacitor area, inductor area, semiconductor device area, and other connector area. This device can be used to learn how to use instruments to measure component parameters, master component quality identification methods, and allows students to freely build circuits using cables for innovative application training. As a training device, it is difficult for users who lack the ability to identify and use electronic components or have a weak cognitive foundation to learn the basic functions of electronic components. The training is difficult and the cognitive process is not intuitive. In addition, it lacks a circuit protection mechanism, and novice users are prone to damaging the electronic components installed on the circuit board during the process of building the circuit. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and provide an electronic component identification and testing training device, which can be used to help users learn the classification and identification of commonly used basic electronic components, physical package dimensions, basic functions, basic parameter measurement methods, and polarity / direction judgment. It is a training device that meets the needs of users.

[0005] This utility model provides an electronic component identification and testing training device, including a box, with a base plate and a power adapter on opposite sides of the box, a box cover on the top of the box, and a circuit board on the base plate on which various components are mounted. The power adapter is an AC-DC voltage converter connected to an external AC voltage, and the DC output terminal of the power adapter is electrically connected to the power terminal of the circuit board to supply DC power to various components on the circuit board.

[0006] In the above technical solution, the circuit board is provided from one side to the other with a common package display area, an electronic component classification and physical function display area, and a component parameter identification method display area. The common package display area displays the footprint of the electronic component and the corresponding electronic component of the same package specification. The electronic component classification and physical function display area includes 11 major categories: resistors, capacitors, inductors / transformers, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, sensors / actuators, optoelectronic devices, electroacoustic devices, integrated circuits, and crystals. The resistor category includes fixed resistors, adjustable resistors, and sensitive resistors; the capacitor category includes fixed capacitors and adjustable capacitors; the inductor category includes fixed inductors and adjustable inductors; and the diode category includes ordinary diodes. The categories include: special diodes; transistors (NPN and PNP); field-effect transistors (NMOS and PMOS); sensors / actuators (sensors and actuators); optoelectronic devices (light-emitting diodes, digital tubes, and infrared diodes); electroacoustic devices (microphones and buzzers); control / interface / protection devices (tactile switches, resettable fuses, toggle switches, power sockets, and USB sockets); integrated circuits (power supplies, logic devices, operational amplifiers, memory, and microprocessors); crystals (passive crystals and active crystal oscillators); and a component parameter identification method display area with illustrated methods for color ring identification, resistor identification, capacitor identification, and inductor identification.

[0007] In the above technical solutions, the category of resistors includes fixed resistors such as color-coded resistors, surface-mount fixed resistors, and resistor arrays; the category of adjustable resistors includes carbon film adjustable resistors, surface-mount adjustable resistors, precision adjustable resistors, and vertical adjustable resistors; and the category of sensitive resistors includes thermistors and photoresistors. The category of capacitors includes fixed capacitors such as aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum capacitors, monolithic capacitors, and ceramic capacitors. The category of inductors includes fixed inductors such as power inductors, wire-wound inductors, multilayer inductors, and transformers. The category of diodes includes special diodes such as bidirectional diodes and Zener diodes. The category of sensors / actuators includes touch sensors and actuators such as relays and vibration motors.

[0008] This utility model of electronic component identification and testing training device has the following beneficial effects:

[0009] 1. The present invention is a portable carrying case structure, which is convenient for the management and storage of laboratory equipment, and the DC 5V output working voltage is also safer.

[0010] 2. The component PCB Footprint of the base plate design of this invention is compared with the package size of the physical electronic components with the same package specifications. This allows users to more intuitively understand the concept of electronic component package size, which helps users to better understand and select appropriate component packages when designing circuits in the future.

[0011] 3. The base plate of this invention is designed with identification and detection functions for 11 major categories of electronic components. All of them can intuitively display the basic functions of each electronic component when powered on. The basic functions of the electronic component are presented intuitively through different methods such as the on and off of light-emitting diodes, the beeping of buzzers, and the vibration of motors, without the need for other special instruments or circuits. Users can quickly and intuitively understand the basic functions of the components. The operation is simple and the observation is fast, which greatly reduces the learning difficulty for users.

[0012] 4. The base plate of this invention is designed with a transparent acrylic protective cover to cover and protect various electronic components from direct contact with the user. The protective cover is only opened in some places where the user needs to operate, which reduces the risk of damage to the device due to static electricity or direct contact with electronic components. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base plate in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the resistor classification, identification, function display and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the capacitor classification, identification, function display and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the inductor classification, identification, function display and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the diode classification, identification, function display and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the transistor classification, identification, function display and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the field-effect transistor classification, identification, function display and detection circuit of the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor / actuator circuit in the electronic component identification and detection training device of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optoelectronic device classification, identification, function display and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and detection training device of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the electroacoustic device classification, identification, function display and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and detection training device of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the interface / control / protection device classification, identification, function display and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply function demonstration and testing circuit in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the operational amplifier function demonstration and testing circuit in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the logic device function demonstration and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and detection training device of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the memory function demonstration and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and detection training device of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the microprocessor function demonstration and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and detection training device of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the crystal classification, identification, function display and detection circuit in the electronic component identification and detection training device of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the component parameter reading method display area in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the protective cover plate in the electronic component identification and testing training device of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] This invention first sorts out the general basic electronic components and divides them into 11 major categories, including resistors, capacitors, inductors / transformers, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, sensors / actuators, optoelectronic devices, electroacoustic devices, integrated circuits, and crystals. The more detailed classification helps users understand and distinguish the types of electronic components.

[0035] This invention features a common package display area, which compiles the common footprints of general electronic components used in PCB design software and displays them on the circuit board. At the same time, physical electronic components with the same package specifications are soldered on. By comparing the physical dimensions of the footprints and the physical electronic components, users can more intuitively understand the concept of electronic component package size.

[0036] This invention designs circuits that can reflect the basic functions of all electronic components classified above. After the device is powered on, the working status of each electronic component can be perceived through simple and intuitive operation methods such as visual observation, finger touch, and ear listening. Without the need for external special instruments such as multimeters, oscilloscopes, and signal generators, users can quickly and conveniently understand the basic functions of most basic electronic components, greatly reducing the difficulty for users to learn about basic electronic components. Users also do not need to build circuits themselves to understand the basic functions of components, which potentially reduces the risk of equipment damage.

[0037] This invention designs a transparent acrylic protective cover for the aforementioned circuit board, using copper pillars to support the protective cover, covering and protecting each electronic component from direct contact with the user. The protective cover only has openings in some locations where user operation is required, reducing the risk of damage to the device due to static electricity or direct contact with electronic components.

[0038] In a first aspect of the invention, the overall structure of the electronic component identification and detection training device includes a portable carrying case (case body + case lid), a base plate (circuit board), and an AC / DC voltage converter. The power adapter is fixed inside the carrying case body, adaptable to 110~220V AC power input, outputting 5V DC voltage and connecting to the base plate via a cable to power the entire platform. The base plate is fixed to the surface of the case body, and the case lid is fixed to the rear of the case body via hinges. Figure 1 As shown.

[0039] In a second aspect of the invention, the electronic component identification and testing training device has a base plate that is a circuit board. The circuit board is divided into three main areas: a common package display area, a component parameter reading method display area, and an electronic component classification and physical function display area. The overall area division is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0040] Furthermore, the common packaging display area of ​​the substrate of this invention organizes the common footprints of general electronic components, including AXIAL-0.3, AXIAL-0.4, RAD-0.2, DO-41, etc.

[0041] The package sizes TO-92, 0402, 0603, 0805, 1210, SOT-23, DIP-8, SOP-8, QFN-32, and LQFP-32 are displayed on the circuit board. Physical electronic components of the same package size are also soldered onto the board. By comparing the physical dimensions of the footprint and the physical electronic components, users can more intuitively understand the concept and example of electronic component package sizes (Footprint name AXIAL-0.4).

[0042] Furthermore, the electronic component classification and physical function display area of ​​the base plate of this invention sorts out general basic electronic components and divides them into 11 major categories, including resistors, capacitors, inductors / transformers, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, sensors / actuators, optoelectronic devices, electroacoustic devices, integrated circuits, and crystals. Each major category is further classified in detail according to its function. The more detailed classification helps users understand and distinguish the types of electronic components.

[0043] The resistor categories include fixed resistors (color-coded resistors, surface mount fixed resistors, resistor arrays), adjustable resistors (carbon film adjustable resistors, surface mount adjustable resistors, precision adjustable resistors, vertical adjustable resistors), and sensitive resistors (thermostats, photoresistors).

[0044] The capacitor categories include fixed capacitors (aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum capacitors, monolithic capacitors, ceramic capacitors) and adjustable capacitors.

[0045] The major categories of inductors include fixed inductors (power inductors, wire-wound inductors, multilayer inductors, transformers) and adjustable inductors;

[0046] The diodes are classified into two main categories: general diodes and special diodes (bidirectional diodes and Zener diodes).

[0047] The transistors are categorized into NPN transistors and PNP transistors.

[0048] The field-effect transistors include NMOS field-effect transistors and PMOS field-effect transistors;

[0049] The major categories of sensors / actuators include sensors and actuators (relays, vibration motors).

[0050] The major categories of optoelectronic devices include light-emitting diodes, digital tubes, and infrared diodes;

[0051] The major categories of electroacoustic devices include microphones and buzzers;

[0052] The control / interface / protection category includes tactile switches, resettable fuses, toggle switches, power sockets, and USB sockets;

[0053] The major categories of integrated circuits include power supplies, logic devices, operational amplifiers, memory, and microprocessors;

[0054] The crystal categories include passive crystals and active crystal oscillators.

[0055] Furthermore, in the electronic component classification and physical function display area of ​​the base plate of this invention, each classification area is designed with a circuit to demonstrate the basic functions of each electronic component when powered on. The basic functions of the electronic component are presented intuitively through different methods such as the on / off state of LEDs, the sounding of a buzzer, and the vibration of a motor. The following are detailed circuit diagrams for each major category.

[0056] See Figure 3 Resistors are broadly categorized into fixed resistors (color-coded resistors, surface mount fixed resistors, resistor arrays), adjustable resistors (carbon film adjustable resistors, surface mount adjustable resistors, precision adjustable resistors, vertical adjustable resistors), and sensitive resistors (thermostats, photoresistors). This section details the basic functions of each type of resistor through circuit demonstrations.

[0057] The circuits composed of various resistors in the aforementioned resistor category are as follows:

[0058] The first current limiting circuit includes a metal film color ring resistor R1, a chip resistor R2, a chip resistor R3, a chip resistor R4 and a light-emitting diode D1 connected in series. One end of the metal film color ring resistor R1 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D1 is grounded.

[0059] The second current limiting circuit includes resistor arrays R5 and R6 connected to each pin. Resistor array R5 is connected to the DC power supply, and each pin of resistor array R6 is connected in series with the positive terminal of a light-emitting diode. The negative terminal of each light-emitting diode is grounded.

[0060] In the first voltage divider circuit, the adjustable chip resistor RP1, which is connected to the DC power supply, is connected in sequence to the fixed resistor R7 and the light-emitting diode D6 and grounded.

[0061] In the second voltage divider circuit, the precision adjustable resistor RP2, which is connected to the DC power supply, is connected in sequence to the fixed resistor R8 and the light-emitting diode D7 and grounded.

[0062] In the third voltage divider circuit, the carbon film adjustable resistor RP4 is connected to the fixed resistor R68 and the light-emitting diode D37. The fixed resistor R68 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D37 is grounded.

[0063] In the fourth voltage divider circuit, the vertical adjustable resistor RP5 is connected to the fixed resistor R71 and the light-emitting diode D38. The fixed resistor R71 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D38 is grounded.

[0064] In the first sensitive circuit, the thermistor RT1 is connected to the fixed resistor R11 and the light-emitting diode D10. The fixed resistor R11 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D10 is grounded.

[0065] In the second sensitive circuit, the photoresistor R12 is connected to the fixed resistor R10 and the light-emitting diode D9. The fixed resistor R10 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D9 is grounded.

[0066] The first resistance detection circuit includes a metal film color ring resistor R1 with detection points connected at both ends;

[0067] The second resistance detection circuit includes a chip resistor R14 with detection points connected at both ends;

[0068] The third resistance detection circuit includes a three-terminal adjustable carbon film resistor RP3 connected to the detection point.

[0069] The fourth resistance detection circuit includes a photoresistor R15 with detection points connected at both ends.

[0070] In the resistor category, the fixed resistor design uses an R1 (AXIAL-0.3) metal film color ring resistor connected in series with R2 (0603), R3 (0805), and R4 (1210) surface mount resistors. A +5V DC power supply is used to drive the LEDs to light up, demonstrating the current limiting function of fixed resistors with different package types. The resistor array R5 and R6 with common terminals are connected to each other (series and parallel connection). A +5V DC power supply is used to drive four LEDs D2, D3, D4, and D5 to light up respectively. Both of the above circuits demonstrate the current limiting function of the resistors by lighting up the LEDs.

[0071] Among the resistor categories, the adjustable resistors are designed with four different package types: RP1 (chip adjustable resistor, EVM3E), RP2 (precision adjustable resistor, 3296W), RP4 (carbon film adjustable resistor, RM065), and RP5 (vertical adjustable resistor, RV09). Using a +5V DC power supply, each resistor is connected in series with a 330-ohm fixed resistor to drive four LEDs (D6, D7, D37, and D38) to light up. By adjusting the value of the adjustable resistor, the brightness of these four LEDs changes, thus demonstrating the voltage division function of the resistor through the brightness of the LEDs.

[0072] In the resistor category, the sensitive resistor design uses RT1 (thermometer) and R12 (photoresistor) connected in series with a 330-ohm resistor. Using a +5V DC power supply, LEDs D10 and D9 are driven to light up. When RT1 is heated by an external heat source, D10 will light up; when R12 is illuminated by an external light source, D9 will also light up. The brightness of the LEDs shows the electrical response of the sensitive resistor to different external sensitive sources.

[0073] Finally, four different types of resistors (R13, R14, R15, and RP3) are placed in the resistor classification area, and each resistor pin is brought out to facilitate users in distinguishing and judging the resistor type and resistance value.

[0074] See Figure 4 The main categories of capacitors include fixed capacitors (aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum capacitors, monolithic capacitors, ceramic capacitors) and adjustable capacitors. This section elaborates on the basic functions of each type of capacitor through circuit demonstrations.

[0075] The circuits composed of various capacitors in the aforementioned capacitor category are as follows:

[0076] The energy storage circuit includes an electrolytic capacitor C5 connected to pin header P1, which is connected in parallel with a light-emitting diode D11 and a fixed resistor R17 connected in series, and grounded. The jumper cap of pin header P1 is connected to a DC power supply.

[0077] The filter circuit includes a tantalum capacitor C1 and a ceramic capacitor C2 connected in parallel between the DC power supply and ground.

[0078] The phase-shifting circuit includes an RC phase-shifting network consisting of a ceramic capacitor C4 and a fixed resistor R16, wherein the fixed resistor R16 is grounded and the two ends of the ceramic capacitor C4 are connected to the test points respectively.

[0079] The DC-AC coupling circuit includes a monolithic capacitor C3 connected to two test points at its two ends, and the other two test points are grounded.

[0080] Adjustable circuitry, including surface mount adjustable capacitor C31 circuit, through-hole adjustable capacitor C6 circuit and chip trimmer capacitor C7 circuit;

[0081] The capacitance detection circuit includes a capacitance C8 detection circuit and a capacitance C9 detection circuit.

[0082] Within the capacitor category, fixed capacitor circuit designs demonstrate the functions of capacitors such as energy storage, filtering, phase shifting, DC blocking, and AC coupling.

[0083] When the jumper cap at pin P1 is connected to the +5V power supply, indicator light D11 lights up and charges electrolytic capacitor C5. After removing the jumper cap and disconnecting the +5V power supply, electrolytic capacitor C5 discharges through the circuit of fixed resistor R17 connected in series with indicator light D11, causing indicator light D11 to slowly turn off. The energy storage function of electrolytic capacitor C5 is presented by the change in the brightness of LED D11.

[0084] For filtering, tantalum capacitor C1 (3216) and ceramic capacitor C2 (0402) are connected in parallel at the +5V power supply to improve the fluctuation of the +5V DC power supply.

[0085] Phase shifting: Ceramic capacitor C4 (0603) and R16 form an RC phase shifting network. A sine wave signal is input at test point TP14, and the output waveform is viewed with an oscilloscope at test point TP15. The phase of the output signal relative to the input signal has changed.

[0086] With DC blocking and AC coupling enabled, a sinusoidal signal with a DC component is input at test point TP10 and passes through monolithic capacitor C3. At test point TP12, the output signal is viewed using an oscilloscope, and the input DC component has been filtered out, leaving only a sine wave.

[0087] Within the capacitor category, the adjustable capacitor category includes three adjustable capacitors with different capacitance ranges and different package types: C31 surface mount adjustable capacitor (7~50pF adjustable capacitance), C6 through-hole adjustable capacitor (38~120pF adjustable capacitance), and C7 chip trimmer capacitor (2.5~6pF adjustable capacitance). The capacitance of these adjustable capacitors can be adjusted using a non-inductive screwdriver, and the capacitance can be measured using a multimeter.

[0088] Finally, place two different types of capacitors (C8 and C9) in the capacitor classification area and bring out each of the capacitor's pins to facilitate users in distinguishing and judging the capacitor type and capacitance value.

[0089] See Figure 5 Inductors are broadly classified into fixed inductors (power inductors, wire-wound inductors, multilayer inductors, transformers) and adjustable inductors. Different types of inductors are presented here, along with their basic functions (energy storage, filtering).

[0090] The circuits composed of various inductors within the aforementioned major category of inductors are as follows:

[0091] Energy storage and filtering circuit, surface mount wire-wound inductor L1 circuit, power inductor L2 circuit, and ferrite multilayer inductor L4 circuit with both ends connected to the test points;

[0092] Adjustable inductor circuits, including surface mount adjustable inductor L5 circuit and through-hole adjustable inductor L6 circuit;

[0093] The voltage conversion circuit includes a miniature transformer T1 circuit connected to the test points on both sides;

[0094] The inductance detection circuit includes a color-coded inductor L3 circuit with its two ends connected to the test point.

[0095] In the category of fixed inductors, L1 is a surface-mount wire-wound inductor, L2 is a power inductor, and L4 is a ferrite multilayer inductor, used for energy storage and filtering.

[0096] Among the adjustable inductors, L5 is a surface-mount adjustable inductor (adjustable inductance range 27~33.5nH), and L6 is a through-hole adjustable inductor (adjustable inductance range 0.6~1.7uH). The inductance of these adjustable inductors can be adjusted using a non-inductor screwdriver.

[0097] Additionally, a surface-mount miniature transformer T1 was placed, which can be used for high-to-low voltage conversion and transmission.

[0098] Finally, a color-coded inductor L3 is placed in the inductor classification area, and each pin of the inductor is brought out to facilitate users in distinguishing and identifying the inductor type and inductance value for detection.

[0099] See Figure 6 Diodes are broadly classified into ordinary diodes and special diodes (bidirectional diodes, Zener diodes). This section details the basic functions of each type of diode through circuit demonstrations.

[0100] The circuits composed of various diodes in the aforementioned diode category are as follows:

[0101] A unidirectional conductive circuit includes a pin header P2, a general diode VD1, a current-limiting resistor R18, a light-emitting diode D12, and a pin header P9 connected in sequence. Both pin header P2 and pin header P9 are connected to the power supply or ground via jumper caps.

[0102] The Zener diode circuit includes a Zener diode VD2 with its two ends connected to test points. The negative terminal of Zener diode VD2 is connected to a DC power supply through a current-limiting resistor R19 and the positive terminal is grounded.

[0103] The protection circuit includes a bidirectional diode VD3 circuit with its two ends connected to a DC power supply and ground, respectively.

[0104] The diode detection circuit includes a standard diode VD4 circuit with test points connected at both ends.

[0105] The ordinary diode VD1 has its positive terminal connected to a configurable high / low level pin header P2, then connected in series with a current limiting circuit R18 and an indicator light D12, and its negative terminal connected to a configurable high / low level pin header P9. When P2 is shorted by a jumper cap between pins 1 and 2 (VD1's positive terminal is configured to a high level), and P9 is shorted by a jumper cap between pins 2 and 3 (VD1's negative terminal is configured to a low level), the LED D12 lights up; when P2 is shorted by a jumper cap between pins 2 and 3 (VD1's positive terminal is configured to a low level), and P9 is shorted by a jumper cap between pins 1 and 2 (VD1's negative terminal is configured to a high level), the LED D12 turns off. The unidirectional conductivity of diode VD1 is demonstrated by observing the lighting and extinguishing of D12.

[0106] VD2 in the special diode is a 3.3V Zener diode. An external load can be connected to its two ends (TP28, TP29). If the input +5V power supply fluctuates, it can ensure that the voltage at the external load terminals remains constant at 3.3V.

[0107] VD3 in the special diode is a bidirectional diode, which can protect the subsequent circuits from damage by preventing breakdown when the input +5V power supply fluctuates greatly (strong interference).

[0108] Finally, a standard diode VD4 is placed in the diode classification area, and its various pins are brought out to facilitate users in distinguishing and identifying the diode type and polarity.

[0109] See Figure 7 Transistors are broadly classified into NPN and PNP types. This section details the basic functions of each type of transistor through circuit demonstrations.

[0110] The circuits composed of various types of transistors in the aforementioned major category are as follows:

[0111] The NPN transistor circuit includes an NPN transistor VT1 whose base is connected to a configurable high / low level pin P3 via a bias resistor R21. The collector of the NPN transistor VT1 is connected to a DC power supply via a light-emitting diode D13 and a current-limiting resistor R20 in series. The emitter of the NPN transistor VT1 is grounded.

[0112] The PNP transistor circuit includes a PNP transistor VT2 whose base is connected to a configurable high / low level pin P4 via a bias resistor R22. The collector of the PNP transistor VT2 is connected to ground via a current-limiting resistor R23 and a light-emitting diode D14 in series. The emitter of the NPN transistor VT1 is connected to a DC power supply.

[0113] The transistor detection circuit includes an NPN transistor VT3 circuit and a PNP transistor VT4 circuit, whose base, emitter, and collector are connected to each test point.

[0114] VT1 is an NPN transistor. Its base is connected to pin P3, which can be configured to high or low levels. Its collector is connected to +5V via a series connection of LED D13 and a current-limiting resistor R20. Its emitter is grounded. When pins 1 and 2 of P3 are shorted with a jumper cap (VT1 base is configured to high level), VT1 operates in the on state and D13 is lit. When pins 2 and 3 of P3 are shorted with a jumper cap (VT1 base is configured to low level), VT1 operates in the off state and D13 is off. The switching characteristics of transistor VT1 are demonstrated by observing the on / off state of D13.

[0115] VT2 is a PNP transistor. Its base is connected to pin P4, which can be configured to high or low levels. Its emitter is connected to +5V. Its collector is connected to ground after being connected in series with an LED D14 and a current-limiting resistor R23. When pins 1 and 2 of P4 are shorted with a jumper cap (VT2 base is configured to high level), VT2 operates in the off state and D14 is off. When pins 2 and 3 of P4 are shorted with a jumper cap (VT2 base is configured to low level), VT2 operates in the on state and D14 is lit. The switching characteristics of transistor VT2 are demonstrated by observing the on / off state of D14.

[0116] Finally, two transistors of different types, VT3 and VT4, are placed in the transistor classification area and their pins are brought out to facilitate users in distinguishing and identifying the transistor type and the polarity of each pin.

[0117] See Figure 8 Field-effect transistors (FETs) are broadly classified into NMOS and PMOS types. This section details the basic functions of each type of FET through circuit demonstrations.

[0118] The circuits composed of various types of field-effect transistors in the major category of field-effect transistors are as follows:

[0119] The NMOS field-effect transistor circuit includes an NMOS field-effect transistor VT5 whose gate is connected to a configurable high / low level header P5 via a bias resistor R24. The drain of the NMOS field-effect transistor VT5 is connected to a DC power supply via a light-emitting diode D15 and a current-limiting resistor R25 connected in series. The source of the NMOS field-effect transistor VT5 is grounded.

[0120] The PMOS field-effect transistor circuit includes a PMOS field-effect transistor VT6 whose gate is connected to a configurable high / low level header P6 via a bias resistor R26. The drain of the PMOS field-effect transistor VT6 is connected to ground via a current-limiting resistor R27 and a light-emitting diode D16 in series. The source of the PMOS field-effect transistor VT6 is connected to a DC power supply.

[0121] The field-effect transistor detection circuit includes an NMOS field-effect transistor VT7 circuit and a PMOS field-effect transistor VT8 circuit, whose gate, source, and drain are connected to each test point.

[0122] VT5 is an NMOS field-effect transistor. Its gate is connected to pin P5, which can be configured to be high or low. The drain is connected to +5V in series with an LED D15 and a current-limiting resistor R25. The source is grounded. When pins 1 and 2 of P5 are shorted with a jumper cap (VT5 gate is configured to be high), VT5 operates in the on state and D15 is lit. When pins 2 and 3 of P5 are shorted with a jumper cap (VT5 gate is configured to be low), VT5 operates in the off state and D15 is off. The switching characteristics of the NMOS field-effect transistor VT5 are demonstrated by observing the on and off state of D15.

[0123] VT6 is a PMOS field-effect transistor. Its gate is connected to pin P6, which can be configured to high or low levels. Its drain is connected to +5V. The source is connected to ground after being connected in series with an LED D16 and a current-limiting resistor R27. When pins 1 and 2 of P6 are shorted with a jumper cap (VT6 gate is configured to high level), VT6 operates in the off state and D16 is off. When pins 2 and 3 of P6 are shorted with a jumper cap (VT6 gate is configured to low level), VT6 operates in the on state and D16 is lit. The switching characteristics of the PMOS field-effect transistor VT6 are demonstrated by observing the on and off state of D16.

[0124] Finally, two different types of field-effect transistors, VT7 and VT8, are placed in the field-effect transistor classification area, and their pins are brought out to facilitate users in distinguishing and identifying the transistor type and the polarity of each pin.

[0125] See Figure 9 The sensor / actuator category includes sensors and actuators (relays, vibration motors). This section elaborates on the basic functions of each type of device through circuit demonstrations.

[0126] The circuits composed of various sensors / actuators in the aforementioned major category are as follows:

[0127] The sensing / actuator circuit includes a touch switch chip U3 with its input terminal connected to the Touch Sensor electrode plate, an NPN transistor VT9, a relay K1, and a vibration motor M1. The Q pin of the touch switch chip U3 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor VT9. The emitter of the NPN transistor VT9 is grounded, and its collector is connected to the DC power supply through a parallel diode VD8 and the energizing terminal of the relay K1. The output terminal of the relay K1 is connected to the vibration motor M1 through a fixed resistor R39, a parallel capacitor C25, and a diode VD5.

[0128] The Touch Sensor is a capacitive touch electrode plate designed on the PCB. It is connected to the input terminal of U3 (touch switch chip). When a hand touches the Touch Sensor electrode plate (sensor), U3 detects the input signal of the touch sensor and outputs a high level at its output pin Q. The Q terminal is connected to the base of NPN transistor VT9. The high level turns on NPN transistor VT9, and the current flows through pins 4 and 5 of relay K1, causing pins 1 and 3 of the relay to be energized, powering the vibration motor M1, and the motor starts to vibrate. When the hand leaves the Touch Sensor electrode plate (sensor), U3 can no longer detect the input signal of the touch sensor and outputs a low level at its output pin Q. The Q terminal is connected to the base of NPN transistor VT9, and the low level turns off NPN transistor VT9, causing pins 1 and 2 of relay K1 to be energized, disconnecting the power supply to the vibration motor M1, and the motor stops vibrating. By touching the Touch Sensor electrode plate, the vibration of the motor is sensed, presenting the working characteristics of the sensor (touch sensor) and the actuator (relay, vibration motor).

[0129] See Figure 10 Optoelectronic devices are broadly classified into light-emitting diodes (LEDs), digital tubes, and infrared diodes. This section details the basic functions of each type of device through circuit demonstrations.

[0130] The circuits composed of various optoelectronic devices within the aforementioned major category of optoelectronic devices are as follows:

[0131] The light-emitting diode electro-optical conversion circuit includes a light-emitting diode D17 connected to a DC power supply via a series current-limiting resistor R28, with the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode D17 grounded.

[0132] The infrared diode electro-optical conversion circuit includes an infrared emitting diode D18, an infrared receiving diode D19, a voltage comparator U1A, an LED D20, and an LED D21. The series circuit of the infrared emitting diode D18 and the current-limiting resistor R31, and the series circuit of the infrared receiving diode D19 and the current-limiting resistor R32 are connected in parallel and then connected to the voltage divider resistor R29. The negative terminal of the infrared emitting diode D18 and the positive terminal of the infrared receiving diode D19 are connected to the ground terminal of the voltage comparator U1A. The current-limiting resistors R31 and R32 are connected to the power supply terminal of the voltage comparator U1A. The voltage divider resistor R29 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator U1A. The negative terminal of the infrared receiving diode D19 is connected to a filter capacitor C10 and then to the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator U1A. The output terminal of the voltage comparator U1A is connected to LED D20, which serves as the output terminal in the LED photoelectric group composed of LEDs D20 and D21. The two ends of LED D21 are connected to test points.

[0133] A light-emitting diode D17 is connected in series with a current-limiting resistor R28 to a +5V power supply. When the power supply is on, D17 lights up; when the power supply is off, D17 turns off. The electro-optical conversion characteristics of the light-emitting diode can be understood by observing the light emission of D17.

[0134] When infrared emitting diode D18 is powered on, it emits 940nm infrared light. When it is pointed directly at infrared receiving diode D19, D19 conducts after receiving the infrared light. The voltage at the non-inverting input of voltage comparator U1A is lower than the voltage at the inverting input, and its pin 1 outputs a low level, which lights up D20 connected in series with the +5V power supply. When the infrared light emitted by D18 is blocked by an obstacle, D19 is turned off, the voltage at the non-inverting input of voltage comparator U1A is higher than the voltage at the inverting input, and its pin 1 outputs a high level, which turns off D20 connected in series with the +5V power supply. The electro-optical conversion characteristics of the infrared diode can be understood by observing the on / off state of D19.

[0135] The photoelectric characteristics of digital tubes need to be explained in conjunction with logic circuits, and will be analyzed in the subsequent classification of logic devices.

[0136] Finally, a light-emitting diode D21 is placed in the optoelectronic device classification area and its various pins are brought out to facilitate users in distinguishing and judging the type of optoelectronic device, the polarity of each pin, and observing the electro-optical characteristics.

[0137] See Figure 11 Electroacoustic devices are broadly classified into microphones and buzzers. This section will explain in detail the basic functions of each type of device through circuit demonstrations.

[0138] The circuits composed of various electroacoustic devices within the aforementioned major category of electroacoustic devices are as follows:

[0139] The buzzer circuit includes a buzzer HA1 and an NPN transistor VT11. The base of the NPN transistor VT11 is connected to the microprocessor pin P1.5 through a bias resistor R42. The emitter and base of the NPN transistor VT11 are connected in parallel with a pull-down resistor R43 and grounded. The collector of the NPN transistor VT11 is connected to a DC power supply through a parallel Zener diode VD6 and the buzzer HA1.

[0140] The microphone circuit includes a microphone BM1, an NPN transistor VT10, a comparator U1B, and a light-emitting diode D22. The output of the microphone BM1 is connected to a DC power supply and the base of the NPN transistor VT10 through an amplifier circuit consisting of resistors R44 and R46 and capacitor C14. The output of the microphone BM1 is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor VT10 and grounded through a parallel pull-down resistor R45 and a filter capacitor C13. The collector of the NPN transistor VT10 is connected to the DC power supply through a pull-up resistor R47. The collector of the NPN transistor VT10 is connected to the inverting input of the comparator U1B. The non-inverting input of the comparator U1B is connected to the DC power supply through a pull-up resistor R48. The output of the comparator U1B is connected to the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode D22 through a current-limiting resistor R51. The positive terminal of the light-emitting diode D22 is connected to the DC power supply.

[0141] When sound is received, the microphone BM1 is in a conducting state, causing the NPN transistor VT10 to operate in a cutoff state. The voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator U1B is lower than the voltage at the inverting input, and its pin 7 outputs a low level, causing current to flow through D22 and lighting it up. When BM1 does not receive a sound signal, it is in a cutoff state, causing the NPN transistor VT10 to operate in a conducting state. The voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator U1B is higher than the voltage at the inverting input, and its pin 7 outputs a high level. No current flows through the series-connected D22, and D22 is off. The operating characteristics of microphone BM1 can be observed by observing the on / off state of D22.

[0142] The buzzer HA1's beeping is controlled by the microprocessor pin P1.5. When P1.5 outputs a high level, the NPN transistor VT11 conducts, and HA1, connected to the collector of VT11, receives current under +5V power supply, emitting a buzzing sound. When P1.5 outputs a low level, VT11 is cut off, no current flows through HA1, and the buzzing stops. Observing whether HA1 beeps or not helps understand the buzzer's operating characteristics.

[0143] See Figure 12 The controlled / interface / protected components include tactile switches, resettable fuses, toggle switches, power sockets, and MicroUSB sockets. This section details the basic functions of each type of device through circuit demonstrations.

[0144] The circuits composed of various control / interface / protection categories within the control / interface / protection category are as follows:

[0145] The toggle switch circuit includes a toggle switch S3. The common terminal COM of the toggle switch S3 is connected to a DC power supply. Pin 3 of the toggle switch S3 is connected in series with a resettable fuse F1, a current-limiting resistor R58 and a light-emitting diode D32 and grounded.

[0146] The tactile switch circuit includes a tactile switch K3 circuit and a tactile switch K2 circuit, both ends of which are grounded and connected to the microprocessor pin P1.2 respectively. The pins 1 and 2 of the tactile switch K2 circuit are connected to the reset terminal of the microprocessor. The pins 1 and 2 of the tactile switch K2 and the pins 3 and 4 of the tactile switch K2 are normally open.

[0147] Terminal block circuit, terminal block P8 connects the microprocessor and ISP downloader;

[0148] DC power socket circuit, including DC power socket CN1;

[0149] USB communication circuitry, including a MicroUSB interface socket USB1;

[0150] Single-row bus circuit, including 11-pin 2.54mm pitch single-row bus P7.

[0151] The common terminal COM of the toggle switch S3 is connected to a +5V power supply. A 2A / 6V resettable fuse F1, a current-limiting resistor R58, and an LED D32 are connected in series at pin 3, and finally connected to GND. When S3 is switched to pin 3, the common terminal COM is connected to pin 3, and current flows from the +5V power supply into the subsequent series circuit, illuminating LED D32. When S3 is switched to pin 1, the common terminal COM is connected to pin 1, no current flows through the aforementioned series circuit, and LED D32 is off. The operating characteristics of the toggle switch can be understood by observing the on / off state of LED D32.

[0152] Switches K2 and K3 are tactile switches with different package sizes. When a tactile switch is pressed, its two pins are connected; when it is released, the two pins are disconnected. Pins 1 and 2 of K2 are connected to the microprocessor's reset terminal. When K2 is pressed, its pins 1 and 2 are connected to pins 3 and 4, and the microprocessor's reset terminal receives a high level, which resets the microprocessor circuit. When K2 is released, its pins 1 and 2 are disconnected from pins 3 and 4, and the microprocessor's reset terminal receives a low level, allowing the microprocessor circuit to operate normally. The two pins of K3 are connected to GND and the microprocessor's input terminal P1.2, respectively. When K3 is pressed, its two pins are connected, and the microprocessor's P1.2 pin receives a low level, causing the microprocessor to enter an interrupt state and drive the buzzer to sound. When K3 is released, its two pins are disconnected, and the microprocessor does not process the interrupt.

[0153] P8 is a 4-pin 2.54mm pitch terminal block that can be used to connect a microprocessor and an ISP programmer to download programs to the microprocessor. In use, the ISP programmer's power supply and ground are connected to +5V_IN and GND respectively. The ISP programmer's RXD is connected to the P8's TXD, and the ISP programmer's TXD is connected to the P8's RXD.

[0154] CN1 is a DC power socket with a specification of DC 5.5*2.1mm. When an external power supply cable is connected, it can drive D33 to light up.

[0155] USB1 is a MicroUSB interface socket used for USB communication.

[0156] P7 is an 11-pin 2.54mm pitch single-row female connector that can be plugged into single-row pin interface devices of the corresponding specifications, making it convenient for device insertion and removal.

[0157] See Figure 13 Integrated circuits are a broad category that includes power supplies, logic devices, operational amplifiers, memory, microprocessors, etc. This section elaborates on the basic functions of each type of device through circuit demonstrations.

[0158] The circuits composed of various integrated circuit categories within the aforementioned major category of integrated circuits are as follows:

[0159] A linear three-terminal voltage regulator circuit includes a linear three-terminal voltage regulator U6. The input terminal of the linear three-terminal voltage regulator U6 is connected to a DC power supply and has a test point. The output terminal of the linear three-terminal voltage regulator U6 is connected to a current-limiting resistor R57 and a light-emitting diode D31 in sequence and grounded. The output terminal of the linear three-terminal voltage regulator U6 has a test point.

[0160] The switching regulator circuit includes a switching regulator integrated circuit chip U8. The power supply terminal of the switching regulator integrated circuit chip U8 is connected to a DC power supply. The SWE terminal of the switching regulator integrated circuit chip U8 is connected to a light-emitting diode D35 through a diode D36. The filter inductor L7 is connected in sequence to the current-limiting resistor R67 and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode D35 and grounded.

[0161] The operational amplifier circuit includes operational amplifier U7. The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U7 is grounded through a pull-down resistor, the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U7 is connected to the test point through a voltage divider resistor, the output terminal of operational amplifier U7 is connected to the test point, the positive terminal of operational amplifier U7 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the negative terminal of operational amplifier U7 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply.

[0162] The logic function circuit includes a logic device U2. The input terminals ABCD of the logic device U2 are connected to the corresponding bits of the DIP switch S2 and the resistor array R35, respectively. The output terminals of the logic device U2 are connected to the corresponding input terminals of the digital tube LED1.

[0163] The memory circuitry includes an IIC interface connected to the microprocessor's non-volatile memory U5;

[0164] The microprocessor circuit includes a microcontroller U4, which drives eight LEDs (D30-D23) through eight pins (P2.0-P2.7).

[0165] The power supply integrated circuit uses a linear three-terminal regulator U6, which converts the input +5V to an output of +3.3V to drive LED D31. It also uses a switching regulator IC chip U8, which converts the input +5V to an output of -5V to drive LED D35. Besides observing the power supply through the LEDs, a multimeter can be connected to test points TP51, TP54, and TP55 to measure the voltage to ground.

[0166] See Figure 14 The operational amplifier circuit uses operational amplifier U7. A 1kHz, 1V peak-to-peak sine wave excitation signal is input to the non-inverting input of operational amplifier U7 at test point TP46. The operational amplifier is configured with a gain of 2. Using an oscilloscope to observe the output signal at test point TP47, it can be observed that the output frequency remains unchanged, but the peak-to-peak amplitude is amplified by 2 times, and the output signal waveform parameters are 1kHz, 2V peak-to-peak. The amplitude amplification function of operational amplifier U7 can be directly observed using an oscilloscope.

[0167] See Figure 15The logic device U2 used in the circuit is a 7-segment LED decoder. Its four input terminals ABCD are connected to the four corresponding bits of the DIP switch S2. By configuring each bit of S2 to output 0 (low level) or 1 (high level), the binary number of the four-bit combination can be decoded by U2 and displayed as a decimal number on the LED1. The function of the logic device is displayed intuitively through the LED.

[0168] See Figure 16 The memory circuit uses non-volatile memory U5, which is connected to the microprocessor via an IIC interface. It stores data generated during microprocessor operation and retains this data even after power failure. This circuit uses programming to store the LED numbers of the sequential LEDs lit by the microprocessor in real-time into the non-volatile memory U5. When the device restarts after a power outage, it directly reads the currently numbered LED from U5 and sequentially lights the LEDs from that position, instead of starting the cycle from the beginning after a reset. By observing the starting position of the LED sequential lights after a power outage and restart, the operating characteristics of the non-volatile memory can be intuitively understood.

[0169] See Figure 17 The microprocessor circuit uses a single-chip microcomputer U4, which uses eight pins from P2.0 to P2.7 to drive eight LEDs from D30 to D23 respectively. By writing a program to sequentially set each pin from P2.0 to P2.7 of the single-chip microcomputer low in a loop, the flowing light effect can be achieved, which can be visually observed.

[0170] See Figure 18 The crystal categories include passive crystals and active crystal oscillators.

[0171] The circuits composed of the various crystal categories mentioned above are as follows:

[0172] The passive crystal circuit includes a passive crystal oscillator B1, which is connected to the microprocessor circuit at both ends and grounded through oscillation capacitors C21 and C20.

[0173] The active crystal circuit includes an active crystal oscillator B2. The power supply terminal of the active crystal oscillator B2 is connected to a DC power supply and grounded through filter capacitors C22 and C23. The ground terminal and output terminal of the active crystal oscillator B2 are respectively connected to test points.

[0174] The passive crystal circuit uses a 12MHz passive crystal oscillator B1 and two start-up capacitors C21 and C20 to work with the microprocessor circuit to start the crystal oscillation and provide the microprocessor with a 12MHz clock.

[0175] The active crystal circuit uses a 1MHz active crystal oscillator B2, which can output a 1MHz square wave when powered on, and can be directly observed with an oscilloscope.

[0176] Furthermore, in the electronic component classification and physical function display area of ​​the base plate of this invention, each major category includes an electronic component testing step. All the pins of typical electronic components under that category are led out onto 1mm diameter vias on the circuit board. Using instruments, by contacting the terminals with the corresponding vias, the electrical parameters and polarity of the corresponding components can be identified, further enhancing the user's understanding of the basic functions of electronic components. Direct testing of resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, optoelectronic devices, and power supplies is supported.

[0177] Furthermore, the component parameter identification method display area of ​​the base plate of this invention introduces the color ring identification method, resistor identification method, capacitor identification method, and inductor identification method respectively in a combination of pictures and text, such as... Figure 19 As shown.

[0178] Furthermore, a transparent acrylic protective cover is designed on the base plate of this invention. The cover is fixed to the supporting copper pillars on the PCB using 2mm screws, and holes are made in the acrylic at the locations where user operation is required. This ensures user operation while preventing direct contact with electronic components and potential damage to the training device. The layout and dimensions of the protective cover are as follows: Figure 20 As shown.

[0179] The invention is a portable carrying case structure. The internal circuit board is designed with identification and detection functions for 11 categories of electronic components, as well as Footprint recognition and methods for reading resistors, capacitors, inductors, and color rings. These components are placed in different areas. In addition to the aforementioned technical solution of integrating all components on a single baseboard, these components can also be designed as a single independent circuit board module or multiple components can be combined into a single independent circuit board module. However, module storage is relatively more troublesome.

[0180] Key technical points and areas to be protected:

[0181] The present invention provides a targeted comparison of the package size of the PCB Footprint of the component base plate design with that of the physical electronic component with the same package specification, allowing users to more intuitively understand the concept of package size of electronic components.

[0182] This invention organizes general-purpose basic electronic components into 11 major categories, including resistors, capacitors, inductors / transformers, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, sensors / actuators, optoelectronic devices, electroacoustic devices, integrated circuits, and crystals. Each major category is further subdivided according to its function. This more detailed classification helps users understand and distinguish the types of electronic components.

[0183] The base plate of this invention is designed with identification and detection functions for 11 major categories of electronic components. All of them can intuitively display the basic functions of each electronic component when powered on. The basic functions of the electronic component are presented intuitively through different methods such as the on and off of light-emitting diodes, the beeping of buzzers, and the vibration of motors, without the need for other special instruments or circuits. Users can quickly and intuitively understand the basic functions of the components. The operation is simple and the observation is fast, which greatly reduces the learning difficulty for users.

[0184] The base plate of this invention is designed with a transparent acrylic protective cover to cover and protect various electronic components from direct contact with the user. The protective cover is only opened in some places where the user needs to operate, which reduces the risk of damage to the device due to static electricity or direct contact with electronic components.

[0185] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model and their equivalents, this utility model also intends to include these modifications and variations.

[0186] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A training device for electronic component identification and detection, characterized in that: The device includes a housing, with a base plate and a power adapter on opposite sides. The top of the housing has a cover, and the base plate has a circuit board on which various components are mounted. The power adapter is an AC / DC voltage converter that is connected to an external AC voltage. The DC output terminal of the power adapter is electrically connected to the power terminal of the circuit board and supplies DC power to the various components on the circuit board.

2. The electronic component identification and testing training device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit board is divided into a common package display area, an electronic component classification and physical function display area, and a component parameter reading method display area from one side to the other. The common packaging display area shows the footprint of electronic components and the corresponding electronic components of the same packaging specifications. The electronic component classification and physical function display area is divided into 12 major categories: resistors, capacitors, inductors / transformers, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, sensors / actuators, optoelectronic devices, electroacoustic devices, control / interface / protection, integrated circuits, and crystals. The resistors are categorized into fixed resistors, adjustable resistors, and sensitive resistors. The capacitors are broadly categorized into fixed capacitors and adjustable capacitors. The inductors are broadly categorized into fixed inductors and adjustable inductors. The diodes are categorized into general-purpose diodes and special-purpose diodes. The transistors are classified into NPN transistors and PNP transistors. The main categories of field-effect transistors include NMOS and PMOS; The aforementioned categories of sensors / actuators include sensors and actuators; The major categories of optoelectronic devices include light-emitting diodes, digital tubes, and infrared diodes; The major categories of electroacoustic devices include microphones and buzzers; The control / interface / protection category includes tactile switches, resettable fuses, toggle switches, power sockets, and USB sockets; The major categories of integrated circuits include power supplies, logic devices, operational amplifiers, memory, and microprocessors; The crystal categories include passive crystals and active crystal oscillators; The component parameter identification method display area includes graphic and textual methods for color ring identification, resistor identification, capacitor identification, and inductor identification.

3. The electronic component identification and testing training device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Among the resistor categories, the fixed resistors include color-coded resistors, surface-mount fixed resistors, and resistor arrays; the adjustable resistors include carbon film adjustable resistors, surface-mount adjustable resistors, precision adjustable resistors, and vertical adjustable resistors; and the sensitive resistors include thermistors and photoresistors. Among the major categories of capacitors, the fixed capacitors include aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum capacitors, monolithic capacitors, and ceramic capacitors. Among the major categories of inductors, the fixed inductors include power inductors, wire-wound inductors, multilayer inductors, and transformers; Within the aforementioned diode category, the special diodes include bidirectional diodes and Zener diodes; Within the category of sensors / actuators, the sensors include touch sensors, and the actuators include relays and vibration motors.

4. The electronic component identification and testing training device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The circuits composed of various resistors in the aforementioned resistor category are as follows: The first current limiting circuit includes a metal film color ring resistor R1, a chip resistor R2, a chip resistor R3, a chip resistor R4 and a light-emitting diode D1 connected in series. One end of the metal film color ring resistor R1 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D1 is grounded. The second current limiting circuit includes resistor arrays R5 and R6 connected to each pin. Resistor array R5 is connected to the DC power supply, and each pin of resistor array R6 is connected in series with the positive terminal of a light-emitting diode. The negative terminal of each light-emitting diode is grounded. In the first voltage divider circuit, the adjustable chip resistor RP1, which is connected to the DC power supply, is connected in sequence to the fixed resistor R7 and the light-emitting diode D6 and grounded. In the second voltage divider circuit, the precision adjustable resistor RP2, which is connected to the DC power supply, is connected in sequence to the fixed resistor R8 and the light-emitting diode D7 and grounded. In the third voltage divider circuit, the carbon film adjustable resistor RP4 is connected to the fixed resistor R68 and the light-emitting diode D37. The fixed resistor R68 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D37 is grounded. In the fourth voltage divider circuit, the vertical adjustable resistor RP5 is connected to the fixed resistor R71 and the light-emitting diode D38. The fixed resistor R71 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D38 is grounded. In the first sensitive circuit, the thermistor RT1 is connected to the fixed resistor R11 and the light-emitting diode D10. The fixed resistor R11 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D10 is grounded. In the second sensitive circuit, the photoresistor R12 is connected to the fixed resistor R10 and the light-emitting diode D9. The fixed resistor R10 is connected to the DC power supply, and the light-emitting diode D9 is grounded. The first resistance detection circuit includes a metal film color ring resistor R1 with detection points connected at both ends; The second resistance detection circuit includes a chip resistor R14 with detection points connected at both ends; The third resistance detection circuit includes a three-terminal adjustable carbon film resistor RP3 connected to the detection point. The fourth resistance detection circuit includes a photoresistor R15 with detection points connected at both ends.

5. The electronic component identification and testing training device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The circuits composed of various capacitors in the aforementioned capacitor category are as follows: The energy storage circuit includes an electrolytic capacitor C5 connected to pin header P1, which is connected in parallel with a light-emitting diode D11 and a fixed resistor R17 connected in series, and grounded. The jumper cap of pin header P1 is connected to a DC power supply. The filter circuit includes a tantalum capacitor C1 and a ceramic capacitor C2 connected in parallel between the DC power supply and ground. The phase-shifting circuit includes an RC phase-shifting network consisting of a ceramic capacitor C4 and a fixed resistor R16, wherein the fixed resistor R16 is grounded and the two ends of the ceramic capacitor C4 are connected to the test points respectively. The DC-AC coupling circuit includes a monolithic capacitor C3 connected to two test points at its two ends, and the other two test points are grounded. Adjustable circuitry, including surface mount adjustable capacitor C31 circuit, through-hole adjustable capacitor C6 circuit and chip trimmer capacitor C7 circuit; The capacitance detection circuit includes a capacitance C8 detection circuit and a capacitance C9 detection circuit.

6. The electronic component identification and testing training device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The circuits composed of various inductors within the aforementioned major category of inductors are as follows: Energy storage and filtering circuit, surface mount wire-wound inductor L1 circuit, power inductor L2 circuit, and ferrite multilayer inductor L4 circuit with both ends connected to the test points; Adjustable inductor circuits, including surface mount adjustable inductor L5 circuit and through-hole adjustable inductor L6 circuit; The voltage conversion circuit includes a miniature transformer T1 circuit connected to the test points on both sides; The inductance detection circuit includes a color-coded inductor L3 circuit with its two ends connected to the test point.

7. The electronic component identification and testing training device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The circuits composed of various diodes in the aforementioned diode category are as follows: A unidirectional conductive circuit includes a pin header P2, a general diode VD1, a current-limiting resistor R18, a light-emitting diode D12, and a pin header P9 connected in sequence. Both pin header P2 and pin header P9 are connected to the power supply or ground via jumper caps. The Zener diode circuit includes a Zener diode VD2 with its two ends connected to test points. The negative terminal of Zener diode VD2 is connected to a DC power supply through a current-limiting resistor R19 and the positive terminal is grounded. The protection circuit includes a bidirectional diode VD3 circuit with its two ends connected to a DC power supply and ground, respectively. The diode detection circuit includes a standard diode VD4 circuit with test points connected at both ends.

8. The electronic component identification and testing training device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The circuits composed of various types of transistors in the aforementioned major category are as follows: The NPN transistor circuit includes an NPN transistor VT1 whose base is connected to a configurable high / low level pin P3 via a bias resistor R21. The collector of the NPN transistor VT1 is connected to a DC power supply via a light-emitting diode D13 and a current-limiting resistor R20 in series. The emitter of the NPN transistor VT1 is grounded. The PNP transistor circuit includes a PNP transistor VT2 whose base is connected to a configurable high / low level pin P4 via a bias resistor R22. The collector of the PNP transistor VT2 is connected to ground via a current-limiting resistor R23 and a light-emitting diode D14 in series. The emitter of the NPN transistor VT1 is connected to a DC power supply. The transistor detection circuit includes an NPN transistor VT3 circuit and a PNP transistor VT4 circuit, whose base, emitter, and collector are connected to each test point.

9. The electronic component identification and testing training device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The circuits composed of various types of field-effect transistors in the major category of field-effect transistors are as follows: The NMOS field-effect transistor circuit includes an NMOS field-effect transistor VT5 whose gate is connected to a configurable high / low level header P5 via a bias resistor R24. The drain of the NMOS field-effect transistor VT5 is connected to a DC power supply via a light-emitting diode D15 and a current-limiting resistor R25 connected in series. The source of the NMOS field-effect transistor VT5 is grounded. The PMOS field-effect transistor circuit includes a PMOS field-effect transistor VT6 whose gate is connected to a configurable high / low level header P6 via a bias resistor R26. The drain of the PMOS field-effect transistor VT6 is connected to ground via a current-limiting resistor R27 and a light-emitting diode D16 in series. The source of the PMOS field-effect transistor VT6 is connected to a DC power supply. The field-effect transistor detection circuit includes an NMOS field-effect transistor VT7 circuit and a PMOS field-effect transistor VT8 circuit, whose gate, source, and drain are connected to each test point.

10. The electronic component identification and testing training device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The circuits composed of various sensors / actuators in the aforementioned major category are as follows: The sensing / actuator circuit includes a touch switch chip U3 with its input terminal connected to the Touch Sensor electrode plate, an NPN transistor VT9, a relay K1, and a vibration motor M1. The Q pin of the touch switch chip U3 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor VT9. The emitter of the NPN transistor VT9 is grounded, and its collector is connected to the DC power supply through a parallel diode VD8 and the energizing terminal of the relay K1. The output terminal of the relay K1 is connected to the vibration motor M1 through a fixed resistor R39, a parallel capacitor C25, and a diode VD5. The circuits composed of various optoelectronic devices within the aforementioned major category of optoelectronic devices are as follows: The light-emitting diode electro-optical conversion circuit includes a light-emitting diode D17 connected to a DC power supply via a series current-limiting resistor R28, with the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode D17 grounded. An infrared diode electro-optical conversion circuit includes an infrared emitting diode D18, an infrared receiving diode D19, a voltage comparator U1A, an LED D20, and an LED D21. The series circuit of the infrared emitting diode D18 and the current-limiting resistor R31, and the series circuit of the infrared receiving diode D19 and the current-limiting resistor R32 are connected in parallel and then connected to the voltage divider resistor R29. The negative terminal of the infrared emitting diode D18 and the positive terminal of the infrared receiving diode D19 are connected to the ground terminal of the voltage comparator U1A. The current-limiting resistors R31 and R32 are connected to the power supply terminal of the voltage comparator U1A. The voltage divider resistor R29 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator U1A. The negative terminal of the infrared receiving diode D19 is connected to the filter capacitor C10 and then connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage comparator U1A. The output terminal of the voltage comparator U1A is connected to the LED D20, which serves as the output terminal in the LED photoelectric group composed of LED D20 and LED D21. The two ends of the LED D21 are connected to the test point. The circuits composed of various electroacoustic devices within the aforementioned major category of electroacoustic devices are as follows: The buzzer circuit includes a buzzer HA1 and an NPN transistor VT11. The base of the NPN transistor VT11 is connected to the microprocessor pin P1.5 through a bias resistor R42. The emitter and base of the NPN transistor VT11 are connected in parallel with a pull-down resistor R43 and grounded. The collector of the NPN transistor VT11 is connected to a DC power supply through a parallel Zener diode VD6 and the buzzer HA1. The microphone circuit includes a microphone BM1, an NPN transistor VT10, a comparator U1B, and a light-emitting diode D22. The output of the microphone BM1 is connected to a DC power supply and the base of the NPN transistor VT10 through an amplifier circuit composed of resistors R44 and R46 and capacitor C14. The output of the microphone BM1 is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor VT10 and grounded through a parallel pull-down resistor R45 and a filter capacitor C13. The collector of the NPN transistor VT10 is connected to the DC power supply through a pull-up resistor R47. The collector of the NPN transistor VT10 is connected to the inverting input of the comparator U1B. The non-inverting input of the comparator U1B is connected to the DC power supply through a pull-up resistor R48. The output of the comparator U1B is connected to the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode D22 through a current-limiting resistor R51. The positive terminal of the light-emitting diode D22 is connected to the DC power supply. The circuits composed of various control / interface / protection categories within the control / interface / protection category are as follows: The toggle switch circuit includes a toggle switch S3. The common terminal COM of the toggle switch S3 is connected to a DC power supply. Pin 3 of the toggle switch S3 is connected in series with a resettable fuse F1, a current-limiting resistor R58 and a light-emitting diode D32 and grounded. The tactile switch circuit includes a tactile switch K3 circuit and a tactile switch K2 circuit, both ends of which are grounded and connected to the microprocessor pin P1.2 respectively. The pins 1 and 2 of the tactile switch K2 circuit are connected to the reset terminal of the microprocessor. The pins 1 and 2 of the tactile switch K2 and the pins 3 and 4 of the tactile switch K2 are normally open. Terminal block circuit, terminal block P8 connects the microprocessor and ISP downloader; DC power socket circuit, including DC power socket CN1; USB communication circuitry, including a MicroUSB interface socket USB1; Single-row bus circuit, including 11-pin 2.54mm pitch single-row bus P7; The circuits composed of various integrated circuit categories within the aforementioned major category of integrated circuits are as follows: A linear three-terminal voltage regulator circuit includes a linear three-terminal voltage regulator U6. The input terminal of the linear three-terminal voltage regulator U6 is connected to a DC power supply and has a test point. The output terminal of the linear three-terminal voltage regulator U6 is connected to a current-limiting resistor R57 and a light-emitting diode D31 in sequence and grounded. The output terminal of the linear three-terminal voltage regulator U6 has a test point. The switching regulator circuit includes a switching regulator integrated circuit chip U8. The power supply terminal of the switching regulator integrated circuit chip U8 is connected to a DC power supply. The SWE terminal of the switching regulator integrated circuit chip U8 is connected to a light-emitting diode D35 through a diode D36. The filter inductor L7 is connected in sequence to the current-limiting resistor R67 and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode D35 and grounded. The operational amplifier circuit includes operational amplifier U7. The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U7 is grounded through a pull-down resistor, the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U7 is connected to the test point through a voltage divider resistor, the output terminal of operational amplifier U7 is connected to the test point, the positive terminal of operational amplifier U7 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the negative terminal of operational amplifier U7 is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. The logic function circuit includes a logic device U2. The input terminals ABCD of the logic device U2 are connected to the corresponding bits of the DIP switch S2 and the resistor array R35, respectively. The output terminals of the logic device U2 are connected to the corresponding input terminals of the digital tube LED1. The memory circuitry includes an IIC interface connected to the microprocessor's non-volatile memory U5; The microprocessor circuit includes a microcontroller U4, which drives eight LEDs (D30-D23) through eight pins (P2.0-P2.7). The circuits composed of the various crystal categories mentioned above are as follows: The passive crystal circuit includes a passive crystal oscillator B1, which is connected to the microprocessor circuit at both ends and grounded through oscillation capacitors C21 and C20. The active crystal circuit includes an active crystal oscillator B2. The power supply terminal of the active crystal oscillator B2 is connected to a DC power supply and grounded through filter capacitors C22 and C23. The ground terminal and output terminal of the active crystal oscillator B2 are respectively connected to test points.

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