Vertical machining center
By improving the structural design and simulation analysis of the vertical machining center, the problems of high center of gravity and poor stability were solved, achieving high rigidity, high dynamics and thermal stability, and improving machining accuracy and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520640260.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-04-08
AI Technical Summary
Traditional vertical machining centers have a high center of gravity and poor stability, which leads to structural instability when the machine tool is running at high speed and high load, affecting accuracy and rigidity, and making it impossible to achieve both good rigidity and dynamic performance.
The machine bed adopts an M-shaped ribbed layout, a herringbone structure for the column, an X-shaped ribbed layout for the spindle box, and a saddle grid structure. Combined with an integrated casting design, a low cantilever design, and a passive heat dissipation configuration for the spindle, it is optimized through ANSYS finite element simulation analysis.
It improves the rigidity, dynamics, and thermal stability of the machining center, reduces tool wear and machining costs, and ensures high-precision and high-efficiency machining performance.
Smart Images
Figure CN223971226U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining center technology, specifically to a vertical machining center. Background Technology
[0002] Vertical machining centers are widely used in the field of mechanical processing, characterized by high precision and high efficiency. They are primarily suitable for machining complex parts such as plates, discs, molds, and small shells. Vertical machining centers can perform milling, boring, drilling, tapping, and thread cutting operations.
[0003] Traditional vertical machining centers have a high center of gravity and poor stability. When the machine tool is running at high speed and high load, problems such as structural instability and unreasonable stress will occur, affecting the accuracy and stability of the machine tool. At the same time, they cannot achieve good rigidity and dynamic performance. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies by providing a vertical machining center that ensures high rigidity, high dynamics, and thermal stability.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a vertical machining center, including a bed, a column, a spindle box, a saddle, and a machining table. The column is mounted on the bed, and the front of the column is slidably connected to the spindle box via a Z-axis guide rail. The saddle is slidably connected to the bed via a Y-axis guide rail, and the machining table is slidably connected to the saddle via an X-axis guide rail. Its innovation lies in:
[0006] The bed frame has an M-shaped dense rib layout, including an inverted isosceles trapezoidal rib in the middle and triangular ribs on both sides;
[0007] The column has an overall herringbone structure, including a lower waist. The height ratio between the waist and the column as a whole is (0.5-0.6):1.0. The ratio of the span of the waist to the minimum width of the column is 1.0:(0.4-0.5). The column has an X-shaped dense rib layout inside.
[0008] The bottom of the spindle box has a continuous transition support surface structure, and the interior also has an X-shaped dense rib layout.
[0009] The saddle includes an inverted isosceles trapezoidal rib in the middle and trapezoidal ribs on both sides, with a grid structure at the bottom.
[0010] Furthermore, the bed, column, spindle box, and saddle are all integrally cast.
[0011] Furthermore, the X-shaped stiffener includes an X-supporting rib and a reinforcing rib located between the upper and lower X-supporting ribs. The reinforcing rib is a frame structure, with its upper and lower sides respectively connected to the upper and lower X-supporting ribs. Its outer side is connected to the inner wall of the column or the inner wall of the spindle box, and its inner sides are concentrated to form an X-shaped structure.
[0012] Furthermore, heat dissipation fins are provided on the outside of the spindle mounting cavity of the spindle box, and ventilation holes are opened at the top and bottom of the spindle box, with air-cooling ducts formed between the ventilation holes.
[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model after adopting the above structure are as follows:
[0014] 1. The machine bed of this utility model adopts a low center of gravity integral design, combined with an M-shaped dense rib layout, to provide strong support for workpiece machining; the column adopts a large-span, high-waisted herringbone design, combined with an X-shaped cross dense rib layout, which greatly improves the torsional and bending rigidity of milling, enhances the dynamic rigidity and dynamic accuracy of machining, reduces tool wear and cost, and lowers machining costs; the spindle box adopts a low cantilever design, combined with an X-shaped cross rib layout, which has extremely strong anti-deformation ability. At the same time, the spindle passive heat dissipation configuration, air-cooled duct, and thermal symmetry design are designed to give the equipment good thermal stability and greatly reduce the accuracy loss caused by heat. Therefore, the machining center has a reasonable structural design with sufficient static and dynamic rigidity, thermal stability, and high responsiveness.
[0015] 2. The entire machine of this utility model is optimized by ANSYS finite element high dynamic stiffness dynamic simulation analysis. The stress, strain, displacement, dynamic stiffness and other responses of the structure under force are analyzed, the reinforcement is reasonably arranged, the weight of non-critical parts is reduced, and the thermal steady state and thermal transient state under heat are analyzed to ensure the high rigidity, high dynamics and thermal stability of the structure. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bed structure in this utility model;
[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of AA;
[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the column in this utility model;
[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view of BB;
[0021] Figure 6 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the spindle box in this utility model.
[0022] Figure 7 This is the second schematic diagram of the spindle box structure in this utility model;
[0023] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Sectional view of CC;
[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bed saddle in this utility model;
[0025] Figure 10 This is a bottom view of the saddle in this utility model;
[0026] Figure 11 for Figure 9 Sectional view of DD;
[0027] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the low cantilever design of this utility model;
[0028] Figure 13 The image shows the effect of the fourth-order mode through ANSYS finite element high dynamic stiffness dynamic simulation analysis.
[0029] Figure 14 This is a transient thermal effect diagram of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 15 This is a transient thermal curve diagram of this utility model;
[0031] Figure 16 This is a steady-state thermal effect diagram of this utility model.
[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0033] 1 Bed, 2 Column, 3 Spindle box, 31 Continuous transition support surface structure, 32 Heat dissipation fins, 33 Ventilation holes, 4 Saddle, 41 Isosceles trapezoidal ribs, 42 Trapezoidal ribs, 43 Grille structure, 5 Machining table, 6-M type dense rib layout, 61 Isosceles trapezoidal ribs, 62 Triangular ribs, 7-X type dense ribs, 71-X support ribs, 72 Reinforcing ribs. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.
[0036] See Figure 1A vertical machining center includes a bed 1, a column 2, a spindle box 3, a saddle 4, and a machining table 5. The column 2 is mounted on the bed 1. The front of the column 2 is slidably connected to the spindle box 3 via a Z-axis guide rail. The saddle 4 is slidably connected to the bed 1 via a Y-axis guide rail. The machining table 5 is slidably connected to the saddle 4 via an X-axis guide rail.
[0037] See Figure 2-3 The bed 1 has an M-shaped dense rib layout inside, including an inverted isosceles trapezoidal rib 61 in the middle and triangular ribs 62 on both sides; the bed adopts a low center of gravity integral design, which, together with the M-shaped dense rib layout, provides strong support for workpiece processing and improves overall rigidity.
[0038] See Figure 4-5 Column 2 has an overall A-frame structure, including the lower waist section, the waist section ( Figure 4 a) and the column as a whole ( Figure 4 The height ratio between (b) and (m) is (0.5-0.6):1.0, and the span of the waist is ( Figure 4 c) and minimum width of the column ( Figure 4 The ratio of d) is 1.0:(0.4-0.5), and the internal structure of the column is an X-shaped dense rib 7 layout; the column 2 adopts a large span and high waist herringbone design. The large span and high waist have obvious advantages compared with the small span and low waist of the traditional column, which can improve stability. Combined with the X-shaped cross dense rib 6 layout, it can withstand vertical downward force and lateral force, as well as the relatively chaotic force under the high speed and high load operation of the machine tool and the simultaneous movement of multiple axes. It greatly improves the torsional and bending rigidity of milling, improves the dynamic rigidity and dynamic accuracy of machining, reduces tool wear and cost, and reduces machining cost.
[0039] See Figure 6-8 12. The bottom of the spindle box 3 is a continuous transition support surface structure 31, and the interior also has an X-shaped dense rib layout 7; the continuous transition support surface structure 31 only includes three transition surfaces, which can avoid stress concentration and fatigue cracking; combined with the X-shaped dense rib layout 7, it has extremely strong resistance to deformation; the spindle box 3 adopts a low cantilever design (see Figure 12 In the figure, the distance e (the minimum vertical distance from the spindle center hole to the Z-axis guide surface) is shorter than that of vertical machining centers in the same series. For example, the length of e in the vertical machining center of this application 1160 is about 620 mm, while the length of e in the traditional vertical machining center is about 710 mm. By reducing the length of e, the center of gravity of the entire machining center can be lowered, thereby improving the overall stability.
[0040] See Figure 9-11The saddle 4 includes an inverted isosceles trapezoidal rib 41 in the middle and trapezoidal ribs 42 on both sides. Its bottom is a grid structure 43, similar to the M-shaped dense rib 6 layout inside the bed 1. It provides strong support for workpiece processing and improves overall rigidity. At the same time, the grid structure 43 can improve the weight reduction of the saddle.
[0041] In this embodiment, the bed 1, column 2, spindle box 3, and saddle 4 are all integrally cast, which improves service life.
[0042] See Figure 5 The X-shaped dense rib 7 includes X-support ribs 71 and reinforcing ribs 72 located between the upper and lower X-support ribs. The reinforcing ribs have a frame structure, with their upper and lower sides connected to the upper and lower X-support ribs respectively. The outer side is connected to the inner wall of the column or the inner wall of the spindle box, and the inner sides are concentrated to form an X-shaped structure. Compared with the traditional grid-shaped support ribs, the X-shaped dense rib 7 has the support ribs 71 and reinforcing ribs 72 working together to jointly bear the forces from the top, bottom, left, and right, and has extremely strong resistance to deformation.
[0043] See Figure 6-8 The spindle housing 3 has heat dissipation fins 32 on the outside of the spindle mounting cavity, and ventilation holes 33 are opened at the top and bottom of the spindle housing, forming an air-cooling duct between the ventilation holes 33. The heat dissipation fins 32 (passive heat dissipation configuration of the spindle), the air-cooling duct and the resulting thermal symmetry design enable the equipment to have good thermal stability and significantly reduce the accuracy loss caused by heat.
[0044] See Figure 13 As can be seen from the four-mode effect diagram from startup to processing, this utility model has good dynamic characteristics.
[0045] See Figure 14-15 This invention can achieve a good stable range within 1800s and has good transient thermal effect.
[0046] See Figure 16 This invention exhibits excellent steady-state thermal performance during processing.
[0047] In summary, this utility model utilizes FEA finite element dynamic simulation analysis to optimize the entire machine, analyzing the stress, strain, displacement, and dynamic stiffness responses of the structure under load to ensure high rigidity and dynamic performance. The bed adopts a low center of gravity integral design, coupled with an M-shaped dense rib layout, providing strong support for workpiece machining. The column features a large-span, high-waisted herringbone design, combined with an X-shaped cross rib layout, significantly improving torsional and bending rigidity during milling, enhancing dynamic stiffness and accuracy, reducing tool wear and costs, and lowering overall machining costs. The spindle box employs a low cantilever design, coupled with an X-shaped cross rib layout, providing excellent resistance to deformation. Furthermore, the design incorporates a passive spindle cooling configuration, air-cooled duct, and thermal symmetry, ensuring good thermal stability and significantly reducing accuracy loss due to heat.
[0048] The entire machine is optimized through ANSYS finite element high dynamic stiffness dynamic simulation analysis, which analyzes the stress, strain, displacement, dynamic stiffness and other responses of the structure under stress, as well as the thermal steady state and thermal transient analysis under heat, to ensure the high rigidity, high dynamics and thermal stability of the structure.
[0049] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and is not intended to limit it. Any other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of this utility model, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model, should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.
Claims
1. A vertical machining center, comprising a bed, a column, a spindle box, a saddle and a machining table, the column is arranged on the bed, the front of the column is slidably connected with the spindle box through a Z-axis guide rail, the saddle is slidably connected on the bed through a Y-axis guide rail, and the machining table is slidably connected on the saddle through an X-axis guide rail, characterized in that: the inside of the bed is an M-shaped thick rib layout, comprising an inverted isosceles trapezoidal rib in the middle position and a triangular rib on both sides; the column is a whole herringbone structure, comprising a waist, the height ratio between the waist and the whole column is (0.5-0.6):1.0, the span ratio of the waist to the minimum width of the column is 1.0:(0.4-0.5), and the inside of the column is an X-shaped thick rib layout; the bottom of the spindle box is a continuous transition support surface structure, and the inside of the spindle box is also an X-shaped thick rib layout; the inside of the saddle comprises an inverted isosceles trapezoidal rib in the middle position and a trapezoidal rib on both sides, and the bottom of the saddle is a grid structure.
2. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bed, the column, the spindle box and the saddle are integrally cast.
3. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-shaped thick rib comprises an X-shaped support rib and a reinforcing rib between the upper and lower X-shaped support ribs, the reinforcing rib is a frame structure, the upper and lower sides of the reinforcing rib are connected with the upper and lower X-shaped support ribs respectively, the outer side of the reinforcing rib is connected with the inner wall of the column or the inner wall of the spindle box, and the inner side of the reinforcing rib is concentrated with each other to form an X-shaped structure.
4. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outside of the main shaft installation cavity of the spindle box is provided with heat dissipation fins, and the spindle box is provided with ventilation holes, and the ventilation holes form a wind cooling channel.
2. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the bed is an M-shaped thick rib layout, comprising an inverted isosceles trapezoidal rib in the middle position and a triangular rib on both sides.
3. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the column is a whole herringbone structure, comprising a waist, the height ratio between the waist and the whole column is (0.5-0.6):1.0, the span ratio of the waist to the minimum width of the column is 1.0:(0.4-0.5), and the inside of the column is an X-shaped thick rib layout.
4. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the spindle box is a continuous transition support surface structure, and the inside of the spindle box is also an X-shaped thick rib layout.
5. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the saddle comprises an inverted isosceles trapezoidal rib in the middle position and a trapezoidal rib on both sides, and the bottom of the saddle is a grid structure.
6. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the bed, the column, the spindle box and the saddle are integrally cast.
7. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the X-shaped thick rib comprises an X-shaped support rib and a reinforcing rib between the upper and lower X-shaped support ribs, the reinforcing rib is a frame structure, the upper and lower sides of the reinforcing rib are connected with the upper and lower X-shaped support ribs respectively, the outer side of the reinforcing rib is connected with the inner wall of the column or the inner wall of the spindle box, and the inner side of the reinforcing rib is concentrated with each other to form an X-shaped structure.
8. The vertical machining center according to claim 1, wherein the outside of the main shaft installation cavity of the spindle box is provided with heat dissipation fins, and the spindle box is provided with ventilation holes, and the ventilation holes form a wind cooling channel.