Flexible pore-adjustable photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic matrix

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of soilless culture equipment, in particular to a flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic matrix with adjustable pores. The composite hydroponic matrix comprises a dynamic pore adjusting layer and a photocatalytic functional layer covering the surface of the dynamic pore adjusting layer, the dynamic pore adjusting layer is formed by embedding a telescopic supporting framework into a flexible phenolic foam matrix; the photocatalytic functional layer is a graphene / titanium dioxide composite coating. According to the composite hydroponic matrix provided by the utility model, through the synergistic effect of the flexible phenolic foam matrix and the telescopic supporting framework of the dynamic pore adjusting layer and the photocatalytic functional layer, the tear resistance and the flexibility of the hydroponic matrix are remarkably improved, the composite hydroponic matrix can bear repeated transplanting, the structural damage rate is reduced, and the service life of the hydroponic matrix is prolonged. The root growth requirements of various crops such as tomatoes and lettuces are flexibly met, and an efficient, durable and environment-friendly innovative solution is provided for soilless culture.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a soilless culture equipment technical field, especially in a kind of flexible adjustable pore photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic substrate. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, phenolic foam material is widely used as hydroponic substrate in soilless culture field, and its porous structure can provide support and nutrient transmission channel for plant root system;However, the porosity of traditional phenolic foam substrate is fixed, and it is difficult to adapt to the dynamic requirements of air permeability and water retention according to different plant growth stages, and in long-term use, it is easy to cause pore blockage due to nutrient solution residue and algae breeding, and frequent manual cleaning and maintenance are required. Although the existing technology attempts to optimize the performance by gradient pore design, it still cannot realize the active regulation of pore, and the rigid foam is easy to be brittle in the transplanting process due to mechanical stress, which affects the reuse rate. In addition, the conventional antibacterial coating can only passively inhibit microbial growth, and cannot actively decompose organic residues, which limits the service life of the substrate.

[0003] The above defects limit the promotion of phenolic foam substrate in root adaptive growth and sustainable cyclic application scenarios, and the technical personnel in the field urgently need an innovative solution that combines flexible damage resistance, pore dynamic adjustment and self-cleaning function. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] To overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the flexible adjustable pore photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic substrate provided by the utility model includes a dynamic pore adjustment layer and a photocatalytic functional layer covering the surface of the dynamic pore adjustment layer.

[0005] The dynamic pore adjustment layer is a flexible phenolic foam substrate embedded with a scalable support skeleton, and the photocatalytic functional layer is a graphene / titanium dioxide composite coating.

[0006] On the basis of the above scheme, further, the tensile strength of the flexible phenolic foam substrate is greater than or equal to 0.8 MPa.

[0007] On the basis of the above scheme, further, the scalable support skeleton is composed of unit structures arranged periodically in the horizontal direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the unit structure is one of honeycomb, ellipse, rectangle and parallelogram.

[0008] On the basis of the above scheme, further, the pore size of the unit structure is 2-5 mm, and the thickness of the connecting edge between adjacent unit structures is 0.4-0.6 mm.

[0009] On the basis of the above scheme, further, the material of the scalable support skeleton is one of silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, fluororubber, polysulfide rubber and nitrile rubber.

[0010] Further, the flexible support framework is capable of achieving dynamic adjustment of porosity in the range of 50-85% through external pressing or stretching.

[0011] Further, the flexible support framework is perpendicular to the growth direction of the plant root system.

[0012] Further, the photocatalytic functional layer has a thickness of 20-50 μm.

[0013] Further, the horizontal edge of the composite hydroponic substrate is provided with a concave-convex buckle structure, and a plurality of substrate blocks can be spliced to form a continuous cultivation plane through the buckle.

[0014] Further, the longitudinal edge of the composite hydroponic substrate is provided with a concave-convex buckle structure, and a plurality of substrate blocks can be spliced to form a longitudinal layered cultivation system through the buckle.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic substrate provided by the utility model can significantly improve the comprehensive performance of the hydroponic substrate through the synergistic effect of the flexible phenolic foam base body and the flexible support framework of the dynamic porosity adjustment layer and the photocatalytic functional layer. The flexible phenolic foam base body has excellent tear resistance and flexibility and can withstand repeated mechanical stress of transplanting, thereby reducing the structural damage rate. The dynamic porosity adjustment layer can realize active regulation of porosity through the flexible support framework, meet the differentiated requirements of water retention and air permeability at different growth stages of plants, and avoid the insufficient adaptability caused by the traditional fixed porosity structure. The photocatalytic functional layer can generate active oxygen free radicals under light through the graphene / titanium dioxide heterojunction coating, actively degrade root exudates and algae residues, reduce pore blockage, and reduce the frequency of artificial maintenance. In addition, the flexible support framework can flexibly adapt to the root growth requirements of various crops such as tomatoes and lettuce, thereby providing an efficient, durable and environmentally friendly innovative solution for soilless cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the utility model, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creating any creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 The composite hydroponic substrate structure schematic diagram provided by the utility model is shown in the figure.

[0018] Figure 2 The telescopic support framework compression and extension state structure schematic view of the composite water culture substrate is provided in the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 The honeycomb dynamic pore adjusting layer structure schematic view of the composite water culture substrate is provided in the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 The concave-convex buckle splicing state schematic view in the horizontal direction of the composite water culture substrate is provided in the utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 The concave-convex buckle splicing state schematic view in the vertical direction of the composite water culture substrate is provided in the utility model.

[0022] Reference signs:

[0023] 100-photocatalytic functional layer; 200-dynamic pore adjusting layer; 210-flexible phenolic foam base;

[0024] 220-telescopic support framework; 230-concave-convex buckle structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0026] In the description of the utility model, it should be explained that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like is the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] Reference Figures 1-5 The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite water culture substrate provided by the utility model comprises a dynamic pore adjusting layer 200 and a photocatalytic functional layer 100 covering the surface of the dynamic pore adjusting layer 200.

[0028] The dynamic pore adjusting layer 200 is a flexible phenolic foam matrix 210 embedded with a scalable support skeleton 220; and the photocatalytic functional layer 100 is a graphene / titanium dioxide composite coating.

[0029] Specifically, the composite hydroponic substrate provided by the utility model, through the synergistic effect of the flexible phenolic foam matrix 210 and the scalable support skeleton 220 of the dynamic pore adjusting layer 200 and the photocatalytic functional layer 100, the tear resistance and flexibility of the hydroponic substrate are significantly improved, repeated transplanting can be tolerated, and the structural damage rate is reduced; the scalable support skeleton 220 of the dynamic pore adjusting layer 200 realizes active regulation of porosity, meets the differentiated requirements of plants at different growth stages on water retention and air permeability, and avoids the lack of adaptability caused by the traditional fixed pore structure; the photocatalytic functional layer 100 uses the graphene / titanium dioxide heterojunction coating to generate active oxygen free radicals under light, actively degrades root exudates and algal residues, reduces pore blockage, and reduces the frequency of artificial maintenance.

[0030] It should be noted that the flexible phenolic foam matrix 210 embedded with the scalable support skeleton 220 is the prior art in the field, and specifically, those skilled in the art can refer to the Chinese invention patent with the application number CN201010128637.0 for implementation, namely the manufacturing method of phenolic foam filled honeycomb core reinforced advanced composite material.

[0031] It should be noted that the graphene / titanium dioxide composite coating and its preparation method are the prior art in the field, and specifically, those skilled in the art can refer to the Chinese invention patent with the application number CN201711424913.6 for implementation, namely the graphene / titanium dioxide composite material and its preparation method and application.

[0032] In an embodiment, the tensile strength of the flexible phenolic foam matrix 210 is greater than or equal to 0.8 MPa.

[0033] It should be noted that the flexible phenolic foam matrix 210 is the prior material in the field, which is obtained by blending and modifying phenolic resin and polyurethane elastomer, and the mass of the polyurethane elastomer is 10%-15% of the mass of the flexible phenolic foam matrix 210.

[0034] Specifically, those skilled in the art can refer to the article "Xia Shaoling, Zou Wenzhun, Peng Jin, et al. Research on polyurethane modified phenolic resin [J]. Diamond and Abrasive Grinding Material Engineering, 2006(3):3." for implementation.

[0035] In an embodiment, as shown in Figures 2-3 The scalable support skeleton 220 is composed of unit structures arranged periodically in the horizontal direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the unit structure is one of honeycomb, ellipse, rectangle and parallelogram.

[0036] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the unit structure is honeycomb-shaped, which can provide uniform stress distribution and higher mechanical support strength.

[0037] In another preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the unit structure is rectangular or parallelogram-shaped, which facilitates directional adjustment of porosity and enhances adaptability to specific cultivation scenarios.

[0038] In an embodiment, the pore diameter of the unit structure is 2-5 mm, and the thickness of the connecting edge between adjacent unit structures is 0.4-0.6 mm.

[0039] With the above scheme, the optimized design of the telescopic support framework 220 with a pore diameter of 2-5 mm and a thickness of the connecting edge between adjacent unit structures of 0.4-0.6 mm ensures flexibility while maintaining structural stability, avoiding collapse or breakage during compression or stretching, and enabling precise control of the porosity adjustment range to meet the dynamic needs of water retention during seedling stage and air permeability during mature stage.

[0040] In an embodiment, the material of the telescopic support framework 220 is one of silicone rubber, neoprene rubber, fluororubber, polysulfide rubber, and nitrile rubber.

[0041] Preferably, the material of the telescopic support framework 220 is silicone rubber.

[0042] In an embodiment, the telescopic support framework 220 achieves dynamic adjustment of porosity in the range of 50%-85% through external compression or stretching.

[0043] Specifically, in Figure 2 , (a) the figure shows the compressed state of the telescopic support framework 220, and (b) the figure shows the stretched state of the telescopic support framework 220.

[0044] In use, the porosity adjustment can be driven by manual or mechanical external force, enabling the substrate to quickly switch the porosity state according to the plant growth stage, such as high water retention during seedling stage and high air permeability during mature stage, thereby solving the problem of insufficient adaptability of traditional fixed-porosity substrates.

[0045] In an embodiment, the telescopic direction of the telescopic support framework 220 is perpendicular to the growth direction of plant roots.

[0046] Specifically, in use, the composite hydroponic substrate is placed horizontally in the cultivation tank, with the upper surface of the substrate serving as the plant planting surface. At this time, the plant roots naturally grow downward (along the gravity direction, i.e., the vertical direction), and the telescopic direction of the telescopic support framework is designed to be horizontal (perpendicular to the growth direction of the roots).

[0047] By setting the telescopic direction of the telescopic support framework 220 perpendicular to the growth direction of the plant root system, interference between the root system and the framework structure during root stretching is avoided, and the root system is uniformly distributed along the pores, thereby optimizing nutrient absorption efficiency and reducing the risk of local hypoxia.

[0048] In an embodiment, the thickness of the photocatalytic functional layer 100 is 20-50 μm.

[0049] With the above scheme, a 20-50 μm coating can efficiently produce active oxygen free radicals under light, degrade organic residues, and balance photocatalytic activity and material cost.

[0050] In an embodiment, as shown in Figure 4 The horizontal edge of the composite hydroponic substrate is provided with a concave-convex buckle structure 230, and a plurality of substrate blocks can be spliced to form a continuous cultivation plane through buckling.

[0051] In use, the modular splicing design allows multiple substrate blocks to be quickly assembled into a continuous cultivation plane, adapting to the needs of large-scale soilless cultivation, and the buckle structure enhances the overall stability after splicing, preventing substrate displacement or tilting.

[0052] In an embodiment, as shown in Figure 5 The longitudinal edge of the composite hydroponic substrate is provided with a concave-convex buckle structure 230, and a plurality of substrate blocks can be spliced to form a longitudinal layered cultivation system through buckling.

[0053] It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the concave-convex buckle structure 230 can be set to different shapes by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, such as trapezoidal, rectangular, triangular, or other shapes, including but not limited to the schemes provided in the present embodiment.

[0054] In order to better illustrate the beneficial effects of the composite hydroponic substrate provided by the present application, the present application provides the following embodiments:

[0055] Embodiment 1

[0056] Embodiment 1 is an application embodiment of the horizontal cultivation system provided by the present application:

[0057] Specifically, as shown in Figure 4 A plurality of substrate blocks are spliced in the horizontal direction, and the surface is coated with a graphene / titanium dioxide composite coating.

[0058] Tomato seedlings are transplanted onto the horizontal cultivation system, the substrate is compressed to a porosity of 60% in the initial stage to promote capillary water absorption, and the porosity is expanded to 80% in the flowering stage to enhance root oxygen exchange.

[0059] The photocatalytic function layer is activated by 6 hours of light per day to realize self-cleaning function;

[0060] After being used continuously for 3 months, the porosity blockage rate of the surface coated with the antibacterial coating is 30%, and the porosity blockage rate of the antibacterial coating is less than 5%.

[0061] Embodiment 2

[0062] Embodiment 2 is an application embodiment of the longitudinal layered cultivation system provided by the utility model.

[0063] Specifically, as shown in Figure 5 The multiple substrate blocks are spliced in the longitudinal direction, and the upper surface is coated with a graphene / titanium dioxide composite coating.

[0064] For example, in the soilless cultivation of lettuce, the root system mainly expands horizontally along the surface layer of the substrate, and the upper layer of the substrate requires high air permeability, while the lower layer needs to maintain moderate water retention to avoid rapid water loss.

[0065] Therefore, during use, the multiple substrate blocks are spliced in the longitudinal direction, the upper layer of pores can be significantly expanded (for example, from 60% to 80%) by stretching the skeleton in the horizontal direction, thereby increasing the porosity of the upper layer of the substrate, greatly improving the oxygen exchange efficiency, and promoting root respiration; at the same time, the skeleton of the lower layer of the substrate can be compressed, so that the porosity of the lower layer of the substrate is maintained at 50%-60%, forming a water retention gradient to ensure continuous water supply.

[0066] Those skilled in the art can extend the application to other plants according to this embodiment and adjust it according to the growth of the root system of different plants.

[0067] In summary, the composite hydroponic substrate provided by the utility model flexibly adapts to the root growth needs of various crops such as tomatoes and lettuce, and provides an efficient, durable and environmentally friendly innovative solution for soilless cultivation.

[0068] Although terms such as photocatalytic layer, dynamic pore adjusting layer, flexible phenolic foam substrate, stretchable support skeleton and concave-convex buckle structure are used more in this paper, but the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is only to facilitate the description and explanation of the essence of the utility model; any additional limitation is contrary to the spirit of the utility model.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limited to them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement to part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium with tunable porosity, characterized in that: The composite water planting substrate comprises a dynamic pore adjusting layer (200) and a photocatalytic functional layer (100) covering the surface of the dynamic pore adjusting layer (200). The dynamic pore adjusting layer (200) is a flexible phenolic foam matrix (210) embedded with a scalable support skeleton (220); and the photocatalytic functional layer (100) is a graphene / titanium dioxide composite coating.

2. The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium of claim 1, wherein: The tensile strength of the flexible phenolic foam matrix (210) is greater than or equal to 0.8 MPa.

3. The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium of claim 1, wherein: The scalable support skeleton (220) is composed of unit structures arranged periodically in the horizontal direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the unit structure is one of honeycomb, ellipse, rectangle and parallelogram.

4. The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium of claim 3, wherein: The pore size of the unit structure is 2-5 mm, and the thickness of the connecting edge between adjacent unit structures is 0.4-0.6 mm.

5. The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium of claim 1, wherein: The material of the scalable support skeleton (220) is one of silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, fluororubber, polysulfide rubber and nitrile rubber.

6. The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium of claim 1, wherein: The scalable support skeleton (220) realizes dynamic adjustment of the porosity in the range of 50%-85% through external pressing or stretching.

7. The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium of claim 1, wherein: The stretching direction of the scalable support skeleton (220) is perpendicular to the growth direction of the plant root system.

8. The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium of claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the photocatalytic functional layer (100) is 20-50 μm.

9. The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium of claim 1, wherein: The horizontal edge of the composite water planting substrate is provided with a concave-convex buckle structure (230), and a plurality of substrate blocks can be spliced by buckling to form a continuous cultivation plane.

10. The flexible photocatalytic phenolic foam composite hydroponic medium of claim 1, wherein: The longitudinal edge of the composite water planting substrate is provided with a concave-convex buckle structure (230), and a plurality of substrate blocks can be spliced by buckling to form a longitudinal layered cultivation system.

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