Drainage structure for reducing rock mass frost heaving damage
By designing drainage structures for different temperature difference zones and using drainage systems with reverse filter insulation layers and heat insulation sleeves, the problem of rock mass strength damage and slope instability caused by freeze-thaw effects in high-altitude and cold regions has been solved, achieving effective drainage and slope stability improvement.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-10
AI Technical Summary
In high-altitude, cold regions with large diurnal temperature variations, existing drainage structures suffer from rock mass strength damage due to freeze-thaw effects, affecting drainage efficiency and reducing slope stability.
The design incorporates drainage structures tailored to different temperature zones, using drainage pipes with reverse filter insulation layers and heat-insulating sleeves, combined with permeable holes and drainage ditches, to form an effective thermal insulation system that reduces heat conduction and freeze-thaw effects.
It improved drainage, enhanced slope stability, reduced the risk of rock mass frost heave damage, and lowered construction costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN223984036U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of slope treatment technology, specifically to a drainage structure that reduces rock mass frost heave damage. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing demand for resources driven by economic development, open-pit mining is a crucial means of ensuring resource supply. However, this also brings with it the problem of slope geological hazards during mining operations, posing a significant threat to people's lives and property. Slopes consist of a surface fissure layer and a relatively intact internal rock mass. Groundwater is a significant factor affecting open-pit mine slopes; excessively high groundwater levels can reduce slope stability. Therefore, draining groundwater is an important means of ensuring slope stability.
[0003] In rock slopes of mines and highways located at high altitudes and frigid zones with large diurnal temperature variations and frequent frost heave disasters, the slope is typically divided into areas with large temperature differences on the sunny side and areas with small temperature differences on the shady side. Currently, common drainage measures involve drilling drainage holes and placing metal / dark-colored plastic drainage pipes. However, these pipes have higher thermal conductivity than loose rock masses, easily transferring surface heat to the slope during the day when temperatures are high, causing the frozen layer around the pipes to thaw. At night, when temperatures are low, the area around the pipes freezes, preventing water from draining. Under large diurnal temperature variations, these two factors interact, exacerbating the freeze-thaw effect. This freeze-thaw cycle damages the rock mass, affecting not only drainage efficiency but also slope stability.
[0004] Therefore, in high-altitude, cold regions with large diurnal temperature variations, there is an urgent need for a drainage structure that reduces rock mass frost heave damage in order to ensure effective slope drainage and slope stability, thus solving the problems existing in current technologies. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a drainage structure that reduces frost heave damage to rock masses. It aims to address the problem in high-altitude, cold regions with large diurnal temperature variations, where freeze-thaw cycles cause rock mass strength damage, affecting not only drainage efficiency but also slope stability. The specific technical solution is as follows:
[0006] A drainage structure for reducing frost heave damage in rock masses includes a slope comprising a first region and a second region, wherein the temperature difference in the first region is greater than that in the second region. The first region is provided with multiple upwardly inclined first drainage holes, each containing a first drainage pipe with an insulating sleeve fitted at its outlet end. The insulating sleeve is located in the surface fissure layer of the slope. Both the first drainage pipe and the insulating sleeve have a reverse filter insulation layer on their surfaces. The second region is provided with multiple upwardly inclined second drainage holes, each containing a second drainage pipe with a reverse filter layer on its surface. The first drainage pipe, the second drainage pipe, and the insulating sleeve all have permeable holes at their upper parts.
[0007] Preferably, the space between the first drainage hole and the first drainage pipe and the insulation sleeve, as well as the space between the second drainage hole and the second drainage pipe, are filled with concrete.
[0008] Preferably, drainage ditches are provided at both the toe and the top of the slope.
[0009] Preferably, the first drain pipe and the second drain pipe are both inclined upward at an angle of 5-10 degrees.
[0010] Preferably, the length of the thermal insulation sleeve is not shorter than the thickness of the surface crack layer.
[0011] Preferably, both the first and second regions have a slope insulation layer on their surfaces.
[0012] Preferably, the openings of both the first and second drainage holes are no higher than 0.5m above the toe of the slope.
[0013] Preferably, the outlets of both the first and second drain pipes extend 20-60mm beyond the slope.
[0014] Preferably, the reverse filter insulation layer includes wire mesh, geotextile and wire mesh arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside; the reverse filter layer includes geotextile and wire mesh arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside.
[0015] Preferably, the diameter of the water-permeable hole is larger than the diameter of the mesh opening on the wire mesh.
[0016] The application of the technical solution of this utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] This invention designs different drainage structures for different temperature difference areas on slopes, taking into account the groundwater drainage needs of different areas, while reducing the overall cost of the slope drainage structure. It solves the problems of rock mass damage, reduced drainage effect, and reduced slope stability caused by frost heave due to drainage in areas with large temperature differences.
[0018] This invention establishes a reverse-filter insulation layer consisting of wire mesh, geotextile, and wire mesh on the first drainage pipe. The two layers of wire mesh maintain the shape of the geotextile layer, forming effective insulation and reducing heat conduction in the first drainage pipe. For the surface crack layer with higher temperature variations, an insulation sleeve is installed on the first drainage pipe for secondary insulation, further reducing heat conduction and achieving a heat preservation effect, preventing frost heave at the surface crack layer location of the first drainage pipe.
[0019] This invention provides a slope surface insulation layer, which not only provides thermal insulation but also prevents water flow at the top of the slope from eroding the slope surface, thereby improving the stability of the slope structure.
[0020] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, this utility model has other objectives, features, and advantages. The present utility model will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description
[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:
[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of the slope in this utility model;
[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Sectional view at point AA;
[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first drainage pipe and the thermal insulation sleeve;
[0025] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Sectional view at point BB;
[0026] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate reverse filter insulation layer;
[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second drainage pipe;
[0028] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate reverse filter layer;
[0029] Among them, 1. First area, 2. Second area, 3. First drainage hole, 4. Second drainage hole, 5. First drainage pipe, 6. Drainage ditch, 7. Surface fissure layer, 8. Slope surface insulation layer, 9. Water-permeable hole, 10. Insulation sleeve, 11. Reverse filter insulation layer, 12. Reverse filter layer, 13. Second drainage pipe, 14. Wire mesh, 15. Geotextile. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To facilitate understanding of this invention, a more comprehensive description is provided below, along with preferred embodiments. However, this invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this invention.
[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
[0032] Example:
[0033] To address the issue of rock mass strength damage caused by freeze-thaw cycles in high-altitude, cold regions with large diurnal temperature variations, which affects both drainage efficiency and slope stability, this embodiment provides a drainage structure to reduce frost heave damage in rock masses. Figures 1-7 As shown. In this embodiment, drainage structures were designed for the areas with large temperature differences on the sunny side and the areas with small temperature differences on the shady side of the slope, in order to address the negative impacts of groundwater drainage and freeze-thaw effects on the slope. Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the area with a large temperature difference on the sunny side is defined as the first area 1, and the area with a small temperature difference on the shady side is defined as the second area 2. That is, the temperature difference of the first area 1 is greater than the temperature difference of the second area 2.
[0034] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a plurality of upwardly inclined first drainage holes 3 are provided in the first region 1. A first drainage pipe 5 is provided in the first drainage hole 3, and a heat insulation sleeve 10 is sleeved on the outlet end of the first drainage pipe 5. A reverse filter insulation layer 11 is provided on the surface of both the first drainage pipe 5 and the heat insulation sleeve 10. Both the first drainage pipe 5 and the heat insulation sleeve 10 are provided with water permeable holes 9 at the top. The reverse filter insulation layer 11 insulates the first drainage pipe 5 to prevent heat loss and reduce the impact of freeze-thaw effect. At the same time, the reverse filter insulation layer 11 can also prevent small soil clods inside the rock mass from clogging the water permeable holes 9.
[0035] In this embodiment, multiple upwardly inclined second drainage holes 4 are provided in the second region 2, and second drainage pipes 13 are provided in the second drainage holes 4. The surface of the second drainage pipes 13 is provided with a filter layer 12, and the upper part of the second drainage pipes 13 is provided with water permeable holes 9. Since the diurnal temperature variation in the second region 2 is relatively small, only the filter layer 12 is provided on the second drainage pipes 13 to prevent the second drainage pipes 13 from being blocked; at the same time, the filter layer 12 can also provide a certain heat preservation effect for the second drainage pipes 13.
[0036] Preferably, the first drain pipe 5, the second drain pipe 13, and the insulation sleeve 10 are all provided with water permeable holes 9 at the top, while no water permeable holes 9 are provided at the bottom. Water can enter the drain pipe and the insulation sleeve through the water permeable holes at the top, while the absence of water permeable holes at the bottom can prevent water leakage in the drain pipe and the insulation sleeve, thus achieving the effect of waterproofing and seepage prevention and draining water.
[0037] Furthermore, concrete is filled between the first drainage hole 3 and the first drainage pipe 5, between the first drainage hole 3 and the thermal insulation sleeve 10, and between the second drainage hole 4 and the second drainage pipe 13, which serves to fix the first drainage pipe 3 and the second drainage pipe 13 and prevent the drainage pipe from detaching from the drainage hole after installation.
[0038] Furthermore, drainage ditches 6 are provided at both the toe and the crest of the slope, such as... Figure 2 As shown. The water flowing out of the first and second drainage pipes enters the drainage ditch 6 at the foot of the slope, so as to collect and discharge the water from the first and second drainage pipes; the drainage ditch at the top of the slope plays a role in intercepting water and preventing water from flowing down the slope and eroding the slope surface.
[0039] Preferably, the first drain pipe 5 and the second drain pipe 13 are both inclined upward at an angle of 5-10 degrees, so that the water in the pipes can flow out into the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope under the action of gravity.
[0040] Preferably, the heat insulation sleeve 10 is disposed in the surface crack layer 7 of the slope, and the length of the heat insulation sleeve 10 is not shorter than the thickness of the surface crack layer 7. Since the surface cracks are widely distributed and numerous and have higher temperature variations, the heat insulation sleeve is used in this embodiment to further insulate the temperature and reduce temperature difference changes.
[0041] Preferably, both the first region 1 and the second region 2 are provided with a slope insulation layer 8. The slope insulation layer 8 is formed by spraying concrete onto the slope surface. For severely fractured areas of the slope surface, reinforced concrete anchors can be used for further reinforcement. The slope insulation layer 8 provides insulation and prevents water erosion of the slope surface. The thickness of the slope insulation layer 8 is preferably 50-150 mm.
[0042] Preferably, the openings of the first drainage hole 3 and the second drainage hole 4 are not higher than 0.5m above the slope toe, and the outlets of the first drainage pipe 5 and the second drainage pipe 13 extend 20-60mm beyond the slope surface, that is, the outlets extend 20-60mm beyond the surface of the slope insulation layer 8. In this embodiment, it is preferably 40mm.
[0043] Specifically, the filter insulation layer 11 includes wire mesh 14, geotextile 15, and wire mesh 14 arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, such as... Figure 5 As shown; the filter layer 12 includes geotextile 15 and wire mesh 14 arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, as shown. Figure 7 As shown, both the heat insulation layer 11 and the filter layer 12 are fixed by binding.
[0044] Furthermore, the diameter of the permeable hole 9 is larger than the diameter of the mesh hole of the wire mesh 14, which can filter out small soil clods and prevent the permeable hole 9 from being blocked.
[0045] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first drain pipe 5 and the second drain pipe 13 are preferably light-colored rigid drain pipes with a diameter of 80-110mm and a wall thickness of not less than 5mm, and the heat insulation sleeve 10 is the same type of rigid water pipe with a diameter of 90-120mm and a wall thickness of not less than 5mm. Specifically, the first drain pipe 5, the second drain pipe 13, and the heat insulation sleeve 10 are further preferably light-colored, low-temperature resistant high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. The length of the first drain pipe 5 and the second drain pipe 13 is preferably not longer than 30m, and the spacing between each drain pipe is determined according to the drainage requirements, generally around 5m.
[0046] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the drainage ditch 6 is constructed by mortar-grouted stone blocks with a surface plaster layer, and the drainage cross-section is not less than 0.8×0.8m.
[0047] Preferably, the wire mesh has a diameter of 10-30 mm and the geotextile has a thickness of 5 mm.
[0048] The construction of the drainage structure to reduce rock mass frost heave damage in this embodiment includes the following steps:
[0049] S1. Conduct a slope survey and use methods such as manual inspection, groundwater temperature monitoring and UAV infrared ground temperature monitoring to determine the temperature distribution of the slope to be drained. Based on the temperature distribution results, divide the first area and the second area, and determine the inclination angle, length and surface crack layer thickness of the first drainage pipe and the second drainage pipe.
[0050] S2. Fabricate drainage pipes. Select light-colored rigid drainage pipes and drill holes in the upper part for water permeability. After drilling, depending on the insulation requirements, first wrap a layer of wire mesh, then a layer of permeable geotextile, then another layer of wire mesh, and finally tie it tightly with wire. The two layers of wire mesh can maintain the shape of the geotextile layer and form effective insulation. The same process is used for the second drainage pipe, first wrapping wire mesh, then geotextile, and finally tying it tightly with wire. Use a drainage pipe with the same length as the surface crack layer thickness as the insulation sleeve. Fix the insulation sleeve to the outlet end of the first drainage pipe. Similarly, first wrap a layer of wire mesh, then a layer of permeable geotextile, then another layer of wire mesh, and finally tie it tightly with wire.
[0051] S3. Clean the slope surface and spray a 100mm concrete surface. In severely fractured areas, further reinforcement with steel anchor spraying can be used. Set up the corresponding number of first and second drainage holes according to drainage requirements. Drill at an upward angle and penetrate to the water level of the slope (i.e., through the surface fissure layer and into the rock mass). At the same time, ensure that the port of each drainage hole is no higher than 0.5m above the slope toe. Insert the first and second drainage pipes into the first and second drainage holes respectively. Set the heat insulation sleeve in the surface fissure layer. The pipe opening of each drainage pipe should extend about 40mm out of the slope surface. Fill the gap between each drainage pipe and the corresponding drainage hole with cement and fix the drainage pipe.
[0052] S4. Construct drainage ditches. Build drainage ditches at the toe and top of the slope, using masonry with mortar and plaster, ensuring that the corresponding drainage cross-section is not less than 80×80mm.
[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A drainage structure for reducing frost heave damage in a rock mass, the rock mass having a slope comprising a first zone (1) and a second zone (2), wherein the temperature difference in the first zone (1) is greater than the temperature difference in the second zone (2), characterised in that: The first region (1) is provided with a plurality of first drainage holes (3) inclined upward, the first drainage hole (3) is provided with a first drainage pipe (5), the outlet end of the first drainage pipe (5) is sleeved with a temperature insulation sleeve (10), the temperature insulation sleeve (10) is located in the surface fissure layer (7) of the slope, the surface of the first drainage pipe (5) and the temperature insulation sleeve (10) is provided with a filter and heat preservation layer (11); the second region (2) is provided with a plurality of second drainage holes (4) inclined upward, the second drainage hole (4) is provided with a second drainage pipe (13), the surface of the second drainage pipe (13) is provided with a filter layer (12); the first drainage pipe (5), the second drainage pipe (13) and the temperature insulation sleeve (10) are all provided with a water permeable hole (9) at the upper part.
2. The drainage structure for reducing frost heaving damage of a rock mass according to claim 1, characterized by, The first drainage hole (3) and the first drainage pipe (5), the temperature insulation sleeve (10), and the second drainage hole (4) and the second drainage pipe (13) are all filled with concrete.
3. The drainage structure for reducing frost heaving damage of rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope foot and the slope top of the slope are both provided with a drainage ditch (6).
4. The drainage structure for reducing frost-heave damage of a rock mass according to claim 1, characterized by, The upward inclination angle of the first drainage pipe (5) and the second drainage pipe (13) is 5-10 degrees.
5. The drainage structure for reducing frost-heave damage of a rock mass according to claim 1, characterized by, The length of the temperature insulation sleeve (10) is not shorter than the thickness of the surface fissure layer (7).
6. The drainage structure for reducing frost-heave damage of a rock mass according to claim 1, characterized by, The surface of the first region (1) and the second region (2) is provided with a slope surface heat preservation layer (8).
7. The drainage structure for reducing frost-heave damage of a rock mass according to claim 1, characterized by, The orifice of the first drainage hole (3) and the second drainage hole (4) is not higher than 0.5m from the slope foot.
8. The drainage structure for reducing frost-heave damage of a rock mass according to claim 1, characterized by, The outlet of the first drainage pipe (5) and the second drainage pipe (13) extends 20-60mm from the slope surface.
9. The drainage structure for reducing frost-heave damage of rock mass according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The filter and heat preservation layer (11) comprises a wire mesh (14), a geotextile (15) and a wire mesh (14) arranged from outside to inside in sequence; the filter layer (12) comprises a geotextile (15) and a wire mesh (14) arranged from outside to inside in sequence.
10. The drainage structure for reducing frost-heave damage to rock mass according to claim 9, characterized in that, The pore size of the water permeable hole (9) is larger than the pore size of the wire mesh (14).