Dynamic teaching aid for simulating urine and hematuria forming process

Abstract

The utility model discloses a dynamic teaching aid for simulating urine and hematuria forming processes. The dynamic teaching aid comprises a teaching aid bracket, a renal artery model, a globular arteriole model, a glomerulus model, a globular arteriole model, a capillary network model, a renal vein model, a renal capsule model and a bladder model, the renal artery model, the renal vein model, the renal capsule model and the bladder model are sequentially arranged on the teaching aid support; the glomerulus model is mounted in the kidney capsule model; a kidney tubule model is arranged at the bottom of the kidney capsule model, the tail end of the kidney tubule model is communicated with the bladder model, and decoloration cotton is distributed in the kidney capsule model; the capillary network is wound on the renal tubule model of the renal capsule model; one end of the ball-entering arteriole model is communicated with the renal artery model, and the other end is communicated with the glomerular model; one end of the bulbous arteriole model is communicated with the glomerulus model, and the other end is communicated with the capillary network model; and the tail end of the capillary network model is communicated with the renal vein model. The teaching aid has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to operate and capable of improving teaching quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of teaching aids technology, specifically a dynamic teaching aid that simulates the formation process of urine and hematuria. Background Technology

[0002] Teaching aids, or simply teaching tools, are a general term for all kinds of instruments and tools used by teachers to enable students to understand teaching content intuitively and vividly.

[0003] In biology teaching, the complex and abstract physiological process of "the formation of human urine" is involved. Simply teaching through written materials and visual demonstrations cannot enable students to have an intuitive understanding of this physiological process. Furthermore, it is difficult to visually observe "the location of hematuria" and understand "the causes of hematuria". The teaching process is not very interesting and it is difficult to effectively motivate students to learn. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic teaching aid that simulates the formation process of urine and hematuria, which can provide a three-dimensional dynamic demonstration of the formation of human urine and allow for a direct observation of the location of hematuria formation, thereby clarifying the cause of hematuria formation and enhancing the interest of the teaching process.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model for simulating the formation process of urine and hematuria in a dynamic teaching aid includes a teaching aid support, a renal artery model, an afferent arteriole model, a glomerular model, an efferent arteriole model, a capillary network model, a renal vein model, a renal capsule model, and a bladder model. The renal artery model, renal vein model, renal capsule model, and bladder model are sequentially installed on the teaching aid support. The glomerular model is installed inside the renal capsule model. A renal tubule model is provided at the bottom of the renal capsule model, and the end of the renal tubule model is connected to the bladder model. A qualitative filter paper clip with decolorizing cotton is placed inside the renal capsule model. The capillary network model is wrapped around the renal tubule model of the renal capsule model. One end of the afferent arteriole model is connected to the renal artery model, and the other end is connected to the glomerular model. One end of the efferent arteriole model is connected to the glomerular model, and the other end is connected to the capillary network model. The end of the capillary network model is connected to the renal vein model.

[0006] The teaching aid support is a T-shaped support structure, including a base plate, a vertical plate and a support rod. The vertical plate is fixedly installed vertically along the base plate, and the support rod is fixedly installed between the base plate and the vertical plate. The base plate is provided with a second placement slot and a first placement slot for installing the renal vein model and the bladder model. The vertical plate is fixedly provided with a renal artery model fixation bracket and a renal capsule model fixation bracket.

[0007] The renal artery model fixing bracket on the teaching aid support is set at the upper part of the vertical plate, the renal capsule model fixing bracket is set at the middle part of the vertical plate, and the first placement groove is set at the position directly below the renal capsule model fixing bracket.

[0008] The afferent arteriole model is equipped with a flow rate observation vessel and a flow rate regulator.

[0009] The renal capsule model is arranged in a funnel-shaped structure, with fixed filter paper and decolorizing cotton sandwiched along the bottom and inner wall of the funnel structure.

[0010] The glomerular model is made by winding the extended portion of the afferent arteriole model into a sphere, and it has permeation holes.

[0011] The qualitative filter paper clip decolorizing cotton is made of decolorizing paper or decolorizing filter cotton.

[0012] The renal artery model, renal vein model, and bladder model were made using transparent bottles.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are that it has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It can intuitively and vividly simulate the principle of blood filtration through the glomerulus to form primary urine in the renal capsule, and then reabsorption through the renal tubules to form urine. It also shows the location and principle of hematuria after the glomerulus is damaged. This not only enhances students' understanding of human anatomy during the teaching process, but also stimulates students' interest and enthusiasm for learning, improves teaching quality, enhances students' innovative thinking, and cultivates students' innovative abilities. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the teaching aid support structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the glomerular model of this utility model;

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Teaching aid support; 11. Base plate; 111. First placement slot; 112. Second placement slot; 12. Vertical plate; 121. Renal artery model fixing support; 122. Renal capsule model fixing support; 13. Support rod; 2. Renal artery model; 3. Afferent arteriole model; 31. Flow rate observation vessel; 32. Flow rate regulator; 4. Glomerular model; 5. Efferent arteriole model; 6. Capillary network model; 7. Renal vein model; 8. Renal capsule model; 81. Renal tubule model; 82. Qualitative filter paper clip decolorizing cotton; 9. Bladder model. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] Combined with appendix Figure 1-3 As shown, the dynamic teaching aid for simulating the formation of urine and hematuria of this utility model includes a teaching aid support 1, a renal artery model 2, an afferent arteriole model 3, a glomerulus model 4, an efferent arteriole model 5, a capillary network model 6, a renal vein model 7, a renal capsule model 8, and a bladder model 9. The renal artery model 2, the renal vein model 7, the renal capsule model 8, and the bladder model 9 are sequentially installed on the teaching aid support 1. One end of the afferent arteriole model 3 is connected to the renal artery model 2, and the other end is connected to the glomerulus model 4. The glomerulus model 4 is installed in the renal capsule model 8. The renal capsule model 8 is provided with a qualitative filter paper clip decolorizing cotton 82. The bottom of the renal capsule model 8 is connected to the renal tubule model 81. The end of the renal tubule model 81 is connected to the bladder model 9. One end of the efferent arteriole model 5 is connected to the glomerulus model 4, and the other end is connected to the capillary network model 6. The capillary network model 6 is wrapped around the renal tubule model 81. The end of the capillary network model 6 is connected to the renal vein model 7.

[0021] The teaching aid support 1 is a T-shaped support structure, including a base plate 11, a vertical plate 12 and a support rod 13. The vertical plate 12 is fixedly installed vertically along the base plate 11. The support rod 13 is fixedly installed between the base plate 11 and the vertical plate 12. The base plate 11 is provided with a second placement slot 112 and a first placement slot 111 for installing the bladder model 9 and the renal vein model 7. The vertical plate 12 is fixedly provided with a renal artery model fixing bracket 121 and a renal capsule model fixing bracket 122.

[0022] The renal artery model fixing bracket 121 on the teaching aid bracket 1 is set at the upper part of the vertical plate 12, the renal capsule and renal tubule model fixing bracket 122 is set at the middle part of the vertical plate 12, and the first placement groove 111 is set at the position directly below the renal capsule model fixing bracket 122.

[0023] The afferent arteriole model 3 is equipped with a flow rate observation vessel 31 and a flow rate regulator 32.

[0024] The renal capsule model 8 is configured with a funnel-shaped structure, and the bottom and inner wall of the funnel structure are filled with a fixed filter paper clip decolorizing cotton 82.

[0025] The glomerular model 4 is made by winding the posterior segment of the afferent arteriole model 3 into a sphere, and has permeation holes on it.

[0026] The qualitative filter paper clip decolorizing cotton 82 uses qualitative filter paper and decolorizing paper or decolorizing filter cotton.

[0027] The renal artery model 2, bladder model 9, and renal vein model 7 are made in transparent bottles.

[0028] The usage process and principle of the dynamic teaching aid that simulates the formation of urine and hematuria of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] Preparation: Fill the renal artery model 2 with clean water and install it on the renal artery model fixation bracket 121. Install the renal capsule model 8 and renal tubule model 81 on the renal capsule model fixation bracket 122. Place the bladder model 9 on the first placement slot 111 and the renal vein model 7 on the second placement slot 112. Then, fill the bottom and inner wall of the renal capsule model 8 with qualitative filter paper clips and decolorizing cotton 82. Place the glomerular model 4 on top of the qualitative filter paper clips and decolorizing cotton 82 inside the renal capsule model 8. Wrap the posterior segment of the efferent arteriole model 5 capillary network model 6 around the renal tubule model 81. Connect the renal tubule model 81 to the bladder model 9. Connect the end of the capillary network model 6 to the transparent plastic bottle of the renal vein model 7. Finally, connect the afferent arteriole model 3 to the renal artery model 2.

[0030] Demonstration assignment:

[0031] The first step is to control the flow rate regulator 32 on the afferent artery model 3 so that the clear water in the renal artery model 2 flows into the entire model. The flow rate is adjusted by the flow rate observation vessel 31 to check whether water flows into the bladder model 9 and the renal vein model 7, ensuring that the glomerular model 4 and the renal capsule model 8 are working properly.

[0032] The second step involves injecting red ink into the transparent plastic bottle of the renal artery model 2 using a syringe, turning the clear water in the transparent bottle of the renal artery model 2 red to simulate blood. The flow rate regulator 32 is controlled and adjusted to observe the flow of blood in the model, as well as the color changes of the liquid in the transparent plastic bottles of the bladder model 9 and the renal vein model 7. The liquid in the transparent bottle of the bladder model 9 is colorless, while the liquid in the transparent bottle of the renal vein model 7 is red.

[0033] The third step is to remove the decolorizing cotton 82 from the qualitative filter paper clip in the renal capsule model 8, control and adjust the flow rate regulator 32, observe the blood flow in the model, and observe the color change of the liquid in the transparent plastic bottles of the bladder model 9 and the renal vein model 7. The liquid in the transparent bottles of the bladder model 9 and the renal vein model 7 is red.

[0034] The principle behind the above demonstration is as follows: When the red blood in the renal artery model 2 flows through the renal capsule model 8, under the influence of atmospheric pressure and liquid gravity, some of the blood seeps out through the permeation holes on the glomerular model 4 into the renal capsule model 8 to form primary urine (here, qualitative filter paper clips with decolorizing cotton 82 are used to simulate the glomeruli in the renal capsule filtering to form colorless primary urine). After passing through the renal tubule model 81 and the capillary network model 6 wrapped around it (here, the reabsorption function of the renal tubules is simulated), colorless urine flows into the bladder model 9.

[0035] Under normal operation of the glomerular model 4 in the renal capsule model 8, red blood cells and large molecules in the red blood cannot enter the renal capsule model 8 through the normal glomerular model 4. However, some small molecules such as water, inorganic salts, and glucose will enter the renal capsule model 8 through the filtration of the glomerular model 4 and become normal colorless primary urine. After the colorless primary urine is reabsorbed by the renal tubules, the urine that finally flows into the bladder model 9 is still colorless. When the glomerular model 4 in the renal capsule model 8 is damaged (the qualitative filter paper clip decolorizing cotton 82 is removed), the permeability of the glomerular model 4 increases, and it loses its filtering function for red blood cells and macromolecules in the blood. This causes red blood cells and macromolecules in the blood to leak from the damaged glomerular model 4 into the renal capsule model 8. When they flow through the renal tubular model 81, since the renal tubular model 81 is not damaged and is normal, and normal renal tubules can only reabsorb small molecules such as water, inorganic salts, and glucose, they cannot reabsorb red blood cells and macromolecules. Therefore, the red blood cells and macromolecules flow into the bladder model 9 with the urine and become red hematuria.

[0036] The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A dynamic teaching aid for simulating the process of urine and hematuria formation, characterized in that, The teaching aid support (1), the renal artery model (2), the ball entering arteriole model (3), the glomerulus model (4), the ball leaving arteriole model (5), the capillary network model (6), the renal vein model (7), the renal capsule model (8) and the bladder model (9) are included; the renal artery model (2), the renal vein model (7), the renal capsule model (8) and the bladder model (9) are sequentially installed on the teaching aid support (1); the glomerulus model (4) is installed in the renal capsule model (8); the renal capsule model (8) is provided with a renal tubule model (81) at the bottom, the renal tubule model (81) is communicated with the bladder model (9) at the end, and the qualitative filter paper clamp bleached cotton (82) is arranged in the renal capsule model (8); the capillary network model (6) is wound on the renal tubule model (81) of the renal capsule model (8); the ball entering arteriole model (3) is communicated with the renal artery model (2) at one end and communicated with the glomerulus model (4) at the other end; the ball leaving arteriole model (5) is communicated with the glomerulus model (4) at one end and communicated with the capillary network model (6) at the other end; the end of the capillary network model (6) is communicated with the renal vein model (7); the glomerulus model (4) is made by winding the extension part of the ball entering arteriole model (3) into a ball, and a penetration hole is formed in the glomerulus model (4); the teaching aid support (1) is a T-shaped plate support structure, including a bottom plate (11), a vertical plate (12) and a support rod (13), the vertical plate (12) is vertically fixedly arranged along the bottom plate (11), the support rod (13) is fixedly arranged between the bottom plate (11) and the vertical plate (12), the second placing groove (112) and the first placing groove (111) for installing the renal vein model (7) and the bladder model (9) are arranged on the bottom plate (11), and the renal artery model fixing support (121) and the renal capsule model fixing support (122) are fixedly arranged on the vertical plate (12); the renal artery model fixing support (121) on the teaching aid support (1) is arranged at the upper position of the vertical plate (12), the renal capsule model fixing support (122) is arranged at the middle position of the vertical plate (12), and the first placing groove (111) is arranged at the position directly below the renal capsule model fixing support (122).

2. The dynamic teaching aid for simulating urine and hematuria formation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow velocity observation kettle (31) and the flow velocity regulator (32) are arranged on the ball entering arteriole model (3).

3. The dynamic teaching aid for simulating urine and hematuria formation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The renal capsule model (8) is arranged in a funnel structure, and the qualitative filter paper clamp bleached cotton (82) is filled and arranged along the bottom and inner wall of the funnel structure.

4. The dynamic teaching aid for simulating urine and hematuria formation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The qualitative filter paper clamp bleached cotton (82) is made of bleached paper or bleached filter cotton.

5. The dynamic demonstrator for simulating urine and hematuria formation process as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The renal artery model (2), the renal vein model (7) and the bladder model (9) are made of transparent bottle bodies.

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