Fifteen-in-one air quality detector

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fifteen-in-one air quality detector which comprises a shell, a PCB (printed circuit board) arranged in the shell and a sensor module packaged in the shell and connected with the PCB, and the sensor module comprises a sensor group I, a sensor group II and a sensor group III; wherein an analog electronic switch I, an analog electronic switch II and an analog electronic switch III which are respectively connected with the sensor group I, the sensor group II and the sensor group III are respectively arranged on the PCB; each analog electronic switch is connected with a corresponding pin of the single-chip microcomputer on the PCB. The laser particulate matter sensor is connected with a PA14 pin of the single chip microcomputer; the temperature and humidity sensor is connected with a PB6 pin and a PB7 pin of the single-chip microcomputer. According to the fifteen-in-one air quality detector provided by the utility model, a plurality of sensors for detecting fifteen air pollutants are grouped, and then each sensor group is connected with the single chip microcomputer through the analog switch, so that the expansion of serial port pins of the single chip microcomputer is realized, and fifteen detection indexes can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of air quality detection equipment. More specifically, this utility model relates to a 15-in-1 air quality detector. Background Technology

[0002] An air quality detector is a device used to monitor the concentration of pollutants in the air. It mainly measures the concentration of pollutants through sensors and can calculate the Air Quality Index (AQI) as needed. When the concentration exceeds the standard, an alarm will be triggered.

[0003] Existing air quality detectors typically employ high-sensitivity electrochemical sensors combined with microcontroller technology and network communication technology to continuously monitor atmospheric parameters such as CO2, PM2.5, TVOC, temperature, humidity, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. However, limited by the number of pins in a microcontroller, current air quality detectors on the market can usually only simultaneously detect about 7-9 pollution parameters. For example, a multi-functional air quality detector with patent number 202321864569.3 incorporates temperature and humidity detection modules, carbon dioxide detection modules, PM2.5 detection modules, and PM1.5 detection modules electrically connected to a PCB board within its housing. Any one or more of the following detection modules—such as the 0 detection module, VOC detection module, methane detection module, thermoelectric detection module, and hydrogen detection module—can only detect no more than nine pollutants. For example, a ceiling-mounted real-time air quality detector with application number 201721380954.5, whose internal sensors include a CO2 sensor, PM2.5 sensor, TVOC sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, nitrogen dioxide sensor, sulfur dioxide sensor, and carbon monoxide sensor, can only detect no more than eight pollutants. Therefore, its detection function still has room for improvement to adapt to the needs of detecting multiple pollutants in different application scenarios. Utility Model Content

[0004] One object of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and / or defects, and to provide the advantages that will be described later.

[0005] To achieve these objectives and other advantages of this utility model, a 15-in-1 air quality detector is provided, comprising a housing, a PCB board disposed within the housing, and a sensor module encapsulated within the housing and connected to the PCB board, the sensor module comprising:

[0006] Sensor group I is used to detect the levels of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), ozone (O3), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air.

[0007] Sensor group II is used to detect the content of oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and ammonia (NH3) in the air.

[0008] Sensor group III is used to detect the content of carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (CH2O), and combustible gases in the air.

[0009] The PCB board is equipped with analog electronic switches I, II, and III for sensor group I, sensor group II, and sensor group III, respectively.

[0010] Each analog electronic switch is connected to the corresponding pin of the microcontroller on the PCB board;

[0011] The laser particulate sensor used to detect PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter in the air is connected to pin PA14 of the microcontroller.

[0012] The temperature and humidity sensor used to detect air temperature and humidity is connected to the PB6 and PB7 pins of the microcontroller.

[0013] Preferably, each module's electronic switch has a resistor I on circuit I connected to the corresponding pin of the microcontroller;

[0014] The electronic switches of each module are also connected to the PA9 and PA10 pins of the microcontroller through circuit II, which is connected in parallel with circuit I, and circuit II is equipped with a matching resistor II.

[0015] Preferably, the TXD pin of the laser particulate sensor is connected to the PA1 and PB4 pins of the microcontroller through two parallel circuits III and IV, and corresponding resistors III are respectively provided on circuits III and IV.

[0016] Preferably, the PA2 and PA3 pins of the microcontroller are connected to the corresponding RS485 and RS232 circuits.

[0017] Preferably, the housing is configured to include:

[0018] A base for fitting the mounting surface;

[0019] The bottom cover is detachably connected to the base and has an internal mounting slot for limiting the PCB board.

[0020] The top cover is detachably connected to the bottom cover and has multiple ventilation holes on its surface.

[0021] The upper cover has a detachable filter mechanism located at a position that mates with the air vent.

[0022] Preferably, the filtration mechanism includes:

[0023] At least two stages of filters are installed on the side near the air vent;

[0024] A moisture-absorbing layer is provided on the inner wall of the bottom cover;

[0025] The two-stage filter screens are provided with openings at positions that cooperate with the temperature and humidity sensor and the laser particulate matter sensor, respectively.

[0026] Preferably, the upper cover is provided with isolation component I and isolation component II to enclose the locations of the temperature and humidity sensor and the laser particulate sensor.

[0027] This utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0028] Firstly, this invention groups multiple sensors for detecting 15 air pollutants into three groups, each group being connected to a corresponding analog electronic switch. The analog switches then connect each sensor group to a microcontroller, expanding the microcontroller's serial port pins and making it possible to integrate more than nine pollutants into a single detector.

[0029] Thirdly, this invention directly connects the pins of the temperature and humidity sensor and the laser particulate sensor to the microcontroller, so that these two sensors can be distinguished from other sensor groups in terms of position. The temperature and humidity sensor and the laser particulate sensor are separated from other sensor groups by two isolators set on the top cover, so as to prevent the influence of excessive air humidity and dust on other sensor devices.

[0030] Thirdly, by setting a matching filter mechanism on the top cover, the present invention isolates dust from the location of the laser particulate sensor on the one hand, and removes moisture from the air through the moisture-absorbing layer on the other hand, so as to ensure the stability and service life of other sensors.

[0031] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be partly apparent from the following description, and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between sensor group I and analog electronic switch I in this utility model;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between sensor group II and analog electronic switch II in this utility model;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between sensor group III and analog electronic switch III in this utility model;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the temperature and humidity sensor in this utility model;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the laser particulate sensor in this utility model;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pin layout of the microcontroller in this utility model;

[0038] Figure 7 This is the core circuit diagram of the microcontroller in this utility model;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the RS485 circuit layout in this utility model;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the RS232 circuit layout in this utility model;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom cover and the base in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0043] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0044] It should be noted that in the description of this utility model, the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. In addition, the terms "I" and "II" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "equipped with", "sleeved / connected", "connected", etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] Furthermore, in this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Moreover, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A 15-in-1 air quality detector, its circuit layout is as follows: Figures 1-6 , Figure 10 As shown, the device includes a housing 1, a PCB board 2 disposed within the housing, and a sensor module encapsulated within the housing 1 and connected to the PCB board 2. The sensor module includes:

[0049] Sensor group I is used to detect the content of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), ozone (O3), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air. Sensor group I includes: TVOC sensor 3, ozone sensor 4, and carbon dioxide sensor 5.

[0050] Sensor group II is used to detect the content of oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and ammonia (NH3) in the air. Sensor group II includes: oxygen sensor 6, hydrogen sulfide sensor 7, and ammonia sensor 8.

[0051] Sensor group III is used to detect carbon monoxide (O2), formaldehyde (CH2O), and combustible gas content in the air. Sensor group III includes: carbon monoxide sensor 9, methane sensor 10, and combustible gas sensor 11 for detecting methane (CH4) and ethanol / alcohol (C2H5OH).

[0052] The PCB board 2 is equipped with analog electronic switches I12, II13, and III14 for sensor group I, sensor group II, and sensor group III, respectively. It should be noted that the analog electronic switches are chip-type (also known as electronic analog switches). The model of the analog electronic switch in this case is CD4052BM / TR.

[0053] Each analog electronic switch is connected to the corresponding pin of the microcontroller 15 on PCB board 2. In this case, the microcontroller is configured to use a CPU, specifically an STM32F030RCT6.

[0054] The laser particulate sensor 16, used to detect PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter in the air, is connected to the PA14 pin of the microcontroller 15.

[0055] The temperature and humidity sensor 17, used to detect air temperature and humidity, is connected to the PB6 and PB7 pins of the microcontroller 15.

[0056] In practical applications, this solution groups multiple sensors for detecting 15 air pollutants, with three groups connected to corresponding analog electronic switches. These analog switches then connect each sensor group to a microcontroller, expanding the microcontroller's serial port pins and enabling the integration of more than nine pollutants into a single detector. The solution directly connects the pins of the temperature and humidity sensor and the laser particulate matter sensor to the microcontroller, allowing these two sensors to be distinguished from other sensor groups. Later, two isolators on the top cover can be used to further separate the temperature and humidity sensor and the laser particulate matter sensor from other sensor groups, preventing excessive air humidity and dust from affecting other sensor devices.

[0057] Working principle: The microcontroller selects the working path of each sensor through an analog electronic switch. In the selected state, each sensor detects different types of pollutants in the air in real time and transmits the data to the external analysis terminal through the corresponding communication module, such as RS485 circuit 22 and RS232 circuit 23, so that the detection amount of each pollutant can be displayed in real time on the external analysis terminal.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This second embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and its specific structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it discloses the following improvements based on implementation method 1:

[0060] Each module's electronic switch has a resistor I19 installed on circuit I18, which is connected to the corresponding pin of the microcontroller 15.

[0061] The electronic switches of each module are also connected to the PA9 and PA10 pins of the microcontroller 15 through circuit II20, which is connected in parallel with circuit I18, and circuit II20 is equipped with a matching resistor II21.

[0062] In this scheme, the ZA and ZB pins on each electronic switch are connected to the PA9 and PA10 pins of the microcontroller through circuit II. The purpose of this is to connect the common communication terminal of each sensor circuit to the microcontroller. In addition, the resistors II on circuit II20 are all set to 0Ω. The purpose of this is to allow for flexible matching with different sensors and facilitate subsequent upgrades without modifying the hardware.

[0063] Working principle: The analog electronic switch can expand the limited communication resources of the microcontroller. Each electronic switch can be expanded from one to four. The ZA and ZB pins are the common terminals for connecting to the microcontroller's communication interface. The selection channel is configured through the A0 and A1 pins. When the microcontroller selects a certain channel, it reads the sensor data of that channel and then switches to the next channel, polling to obtain the data of each sensor.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] This third embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and its specific structure is as follows: Figures 8-9 As shown, it discloses the following improvements based on implementation method 1:

[0066] The PA2 and PA3 pins of the microcontroller 15 are connected to the corresponding RS485 circuit 22 and RS232 circuit 23.

[0067] In this solution, two communication modes are provided through RS485 circuit 22 and RS232 circuit 23 connected to the pins of the microcontroller, enabling it to adapt to different sensors and different application scenarios, and improving the effectiveness of data transmission. In this case, the RS485 circuit is made of chip, specifically model SP3232EEN, and the RS232 circuit is also made of chip, specifically model YD3082EESA.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] This embodiment 4 is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and its specific structure is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it discloses the following improvements based on implementation method 1:

[0070] The TXD pin of the laser particulate sensor 16 is connected to the PA1 and PB4 pins of the microcontroller through two parallel circuits III24 and IV25. Corresponding resistors III26 are respectively provided on the circuits III24 and IV25.

[0071] In this solution, the laser particulate matter sensor is connected to three pins of the microcontroller to enable it to detect three types of particulate matter: PM1, PM2.5, and PM10. The resistors III in the circuit are all set to 0Ω, which allows for flexible matching with different sensors and facilitates future upgrades without hardware modifications.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] This fifth embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and its specific structure is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, it discloses the following improvements based on implementation method 1:

[0074] The housing 1 is configured to include:

[0075] The base 27, which is used to mate with the mounting surface, is fixed to the mounting surface by screws or adhesive in practical applications. It is used to support and fix other parts. Compared with the prior art, it is more conducive to the layout and integration of other structures inside the housing.

[0076] The bottom cover 28, which is detachably connected to the base 27, has an internal mounting groove 29 that limits the PCB board 2. In practical applications, the bottom cover and the base can be detachably connected by screws or snap-fit. The design of the mounting groove allows the PCB board to be partially recessed into the mounting groove, which limits the installation depth of the structure and improves the fit of the structural components.

[0077] The upper cover 30, which is detachably connected to the bottom cover 28, has multiple air passage holes 31 on its surface. The function of the upper cover is to cooperate with the bottom cover to form a matching installation chamber between the two. The function of the air passage holes is to introduce the air to be tested into the housing. The design of the air passage holes can be in a ring layout, arranged in circles on the surface of the upper cover. The cross-section of the holes can be set as a circular through hole, a conical through hole, etc., as needed.

[0078] The upper cover 30 is equipped with a detachable filter mechanism 32 at a position that matches the air vent. The function of the filter mechanism is to remove large dust particles in the air and prevent them from entering the housing and contaminating the components on the PCB, thereby affecting their service life and detection accuracy.

[0079] The filtration mechanism 32 includes:

[0080] At least two-stage filters 33 are provided near the air vent 31. These filters remove large dust particles from the air through two layers of filters with different pore sizes, ensuring that each sensor can detect normally while protecting the internal components of the housing as much as possible.

[0081] The moisture-absorbing layer 34, which is set on the inner wall of the top cover 30, is used to partially absorb moisture in the air and prevent the equipment parts from being exposed to excessively humid air for a long time, which would affect the service life of the equipment. If an spandex fiber layer is used, it can be bonded to the inner wall of the bottom cover.

[0082] The two-stage filter 33 has an opening 35 at the position where it cooperates with the temperature and humidity sensor 17 and the laser particulate sensor 16. Its function is to not process the air at the location of the temperature and humidity sensor 17 and the laser particulate sensor 16, so as to ensure the detection effect of the two on pollutants.

[0083] The upper cover 30 is provided with isolation components I 36 and II 37 that enclose the locations of the temperature and humidity sensor 17 and the laser particulate matter sensor 16. Through the design of the isolation components, the temperature and humidity sensor 17 and the laser particulate matter sensor 16 can be separated from other parts, so as to ensure that the outside air can directly enter this part for detection, and also to ensure that the filter and the moisture-absorbing layer do not treat the air in this area, thereby ensuring that the detection accuracy meets the usage requirements. In actual use, in order to ensure that the isolation components do not affect other parts when the upper cover and the bottom cover are connected, the upper cover and the bottom cover can be connected by pins or screws, or by a snap-fit ​​method. That is, one is provided with a slot, and the other is provided with a card. The card has a protruding part that can be inserted into the slot. When snapped in, the card is pressed into the slot to achieve connection. The card can protrude independently, or it can be directly set on the side of the upper cover and the bottom cover due to the elasticity of the device housing itself.

[0084] The above solutions are merely illustrative examples of preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. When implementing this invention, appropriate substitutions and / or modifications can be made according to the user's needs.

[0085] The number of devices and processing scale described herein are for the purpose of simplifying the description of this utility model. Applications, modifications, and variations of this utility model will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0086] Although embodiments of this utility model have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for this utility model. Other modifications can be readily implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, this utility model is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A fifteen-in-one air quality detector, comprising a shell, a PCB board arranged in the shell, and a sensor module packaged in the shell and connected with the PCB board, characterized in that, The sensor module comprises: Sensor group I for detecting total volatile organic compounds TVOC, ozone O3, carbon dioxide CO2 content in the air; Sensor group II for detecting oxygen O2, hydrogen sulfide H2S, ammonia NH3 content in the air; Sensor group III for detecting carbon monoxide O2, formaldehyde CH2O, combustible gas content in the air; Among them, the PCB board is respectively provided with analog electronic switch I, analog electronic switch II and analog electronic switch III corresponding to sensor group I, sensor group II and sensor group III; Each analog electronic switch is connected with the corresponding pin of the single-chip microcomputer on the PCB board; The laser particulate sensor for detecting particulate matter PM1, particulate matter PM2.5 and particulate matter PM10 is connected with the PA14 pin of the single-chip microcomputer; The temperature and humidity sensor for detecting air temperature and humidity is connected with the PB6 and PB7 pins of the single-chip microcomputer.

2. The fifteen-in-one air quality detector of claim 1, wherein, Each module electronic switch is respectively provided with a resistor I on the circuit I connected with the corresponding pin of the single-chip microcomputer; The module electronic switch is also connected with the PA9 and PA10 pins of the single-chip microcomputer through the circuit II connected in parallel with the circuit I, and the circuit II is provided with a matched resistor II.

3. The fifteen-in-one air quality detector of claim 1, wherein, The TXD pin of the laser particulate sensor is connected with the PA1 and PB4 pins of the single-chip microcomputer through two parallel circuits III and IV, and the circuits III and IV are respectively provided with corresponding resistors III.

4. The fifteen-in-one air quality detector of claim 1, wherein, The PA2 and PA3 pins of the single-chip microcomputer are connected with the corresponding RS485 circuit and RS232 circuit.

5. The fifteen-in-one air quality detector of claim 1, wherein, The shell is configured to comprise: A base for mounting the surface to cooperate; A bottom cover detachably connected with the base, and an installation slot for limiting the PCB board is arranged inside the bottom cover; An upper cover detachably connected with the bottom cover, and a plurality of air passing holes are arranged on the surface of the upper cover; Among them, the filter mechanism is arranged in a detachable manner on the position matched with the air passing hole.

6. The fifteen-in-one air quality detector of claim 5, wherein, The filter mechanism comprises: At least two levels of filter screens arranged near the air passing hole side; A moisture absorption layer arranged on the inner wall of the bottom cover; Among them, the two levels of filter screens are respectively provided with openings at positions matched with the temperature and humidity sensor and the laser particulate sensor.

7. The fifteen-in-one air quality detector of claim 5, wherein, The The upper cover is provided with isolation piece I and isolation piece II enclosing the positions of the temperature and humidity sensor and the laser particulate sensor.

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