Meteorological rainfall sensor fault maintenance and calibration instrument

Abstract

The utility model discloses a meteorological rainfall sensor troubleshooting and calibration instrument, which comprises a troubleshooting and calibration instrument body which is in butt joint with a detection port for the access of a rainfall sensor in a rainfall collector, and a power supply and a troubleshooting and calibration circuit which is powered by the power supply are arranged in the troubleshooting and calibration instrument body. The fault maintenance and calibration circuit comprises a measuring probe pair which is in butt joint with the detection port; the voltmeter is used for acquiring the voltage of the detection port; the light-emitting diode plays a role in indication by emitting light; and the counter is used for detecting the on-off of a reed switch in the rainfall sensor. The utility model has the following advantages and effects: a very practical and fast tool is provided for the maintenance and repair of the rainfall sensor, the maintenance work intensity and difficulty are reduced, the convenient troubleshooting and diagnosis are realized, and the practical and promotional value is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fault diagnosis and repair technology, and in particular to a fault diagnosis and calibration instrument for a meteorological rainfall sensor. Background Technology

[0002] In meteorological observation, accurate measurement of precipitation data is crucial for disaster early warning, water resource management, and climate research. As a core component of automatic weather stations, the performance and stability of rain gauges directly affect the reliability of precipitation data. Currently, over 100,000 automatic weather stations have been deployed in meteorology, hydrology, water conservancy, and agriculture across my country, posing significant challenges to the maintenance and calibration of rain gauges.

[0003] Rainfall data collected by rain gauges is one of the most important real-time observation data elements for meteorological departments in practical applications. It has strong guiding significance for various industries and is of great application value for agriculture, floods, urban waterlogging, flash floods, mudslides, and so on.

[0004] The purpose of rain gauge calibration is to control and adjust the accuracy of precipitation measurement, ensuring that the accuracy of precipitation measurement in different rain conditions meets operational requirements. According to specifications, rain gauges must be maintained and calibrated regularly. For routine calibration, the calibration water tank is placed above the rain gauge's water collection tank. Using a 10 ml meteorological standard rain gauge cup, simulated precipitation counting is performed sequentially for heavy rain and light rain conditions.

[0005] In existing technologies, rain sensors are generally connected to the detection port of a rain gauge. The rain gauge, as an assembly, is equipped with a power supply port and can also be configured with temperature, air pressure, wind speed, and wind direction ports as needed; as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown.

[0006] The core components of a rain gauge sensor include a reed switch and a float carrying a magnet. Its principle is based on the change in the magnetic field of the reed switch caused by changes in water level, thus switching the on / off state. After circuit detection, the mechanical water level change is converted into an electronic signal, ultimately achieving quantitative measurement of rainfall. More specifically: the float contains a magnetic bead that moves within a certain range as the water level changes; when the magnetic bead approaches the reed switch, the reed switch is activated, outputting a signal to control counting or data transmission.

[0007] However, existing rain sensors still suffer from low efficiency in troubleshooting and diagnosis, relying on general-purpose equipment such as multimeters and oscilloscopes, which involves cumbersome and time-consuming procedures. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fault diagnosis and calibration instrument for meteorological rainfall sensors to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] The above-mentioned technical objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0010] A meteorological rainfall sensor fault diagnosis and calibration instrument includes a fault diagnosis and calibration instrument body that interfaces with a detection port in a rainfall collector for connection to a rainfall sensor. The fault diagnosis and calibration instrument body contains a power supply and a fault diagnosis and calibration circuit powered by the power supply. The fault diagnosis and calibration circuit includes:

[0011] A pair of measurement probes that interface with the detection port;

[0012] A voltmeter used to collect and detect the voltage at the port.

[0013] Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) serve as indicators by emitting light; and

[0014] A counter that detects the on / off state of the reed switch in a rain gauge.

[0015] A further configuration is as follows: the fault diagnosis and calibration circuit also includes a Schmitt inverting amplifier that serves as a signal isolation device; the measurement probe pair and voltmeter are configured in the pre-amplifier stage of the Schmitt inverting amplifier; and the power supply, LED, and counter are configured in the post-amplifier stage of the Schmitt inverting amplifier.

[0016] A further configuration is provided: the fault diagnosis and calibration circuit further includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, and a transistor; the measurement probe pair includes a first measurement probe and a second measurement probe.

[0017] One end of the first and second measuring probes are respectively connected to the detection port. The other end of the first measuring probe is connected to the positive terminal of the voltmeter and one end of the first resistor. The negative terminal of the voltmeter and the other end of the second measuring probe are both grounded. The other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and the input terminal of the Schmitt inverting amplifier. The other end of the second resistor is grounded. The output terminal of the Schmitt inverting amplifier is connected to one end of the third resistor and the base of the transistor. The other end of the third resistor and the emitter of the transistor are both grounded. The collector of the transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode and one end of the counter. The other end of the counter is grounded. The positive terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected to one end of the fourth resistor. The other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The negative terminal of the power supply is grounded.

[0018] A further configuration is as follows: the fault diagnosis and calibration circuit also includes a first switch and a second switch, the first switch is connected in series between the fourth resistor and the positive terminal of the power supply, and the second switch is connected in series between the counter and ground.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] This invention provides an extremely practical and quick tool for the maintenance and repair of rain gauges, reducing the intensity and difficulty of maintenance work, enabling convenient troubleshooting and diagnosis, and possessing good practical and promotional value.

[0021] This invention quickly determines whether there are faults such as short circuits or open circuits in the detection port of a rain gauge by measuring the voltage of the detection port. For slow-changing switching signals, it uses a flashing LED to quickly and intuitively determine whether there is a switching signal in the voltage of the detection port, further confirming whether the working conditions are complete. This invention also uses a counter to accurately check the on / off state of a reed switch, quickly eliminating measurement errors caused by reed switch quality problems. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a rain gauge in the prior art as described in the embodiments;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the power supply, fault diagnosis, and calibration circuit in the embodiment.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the maintenance steps in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] As attached Figure 2 and 3 As shown;

[0027] This embodiment discloses a meteorological rainfall sensor fault diagnosis and calibration instrument, including a fault diagnosis and calibration instrument body that interfaces with the detection port of the rainfall sensor in the rainfall collector. The fault diagnosis and calibration instrument body is provided with a power supply K1 and a fault diagnosis and calibration circuit powered by the power supply K1. The fault diagnosis and calibration circuit includes:

[0028] A pair of measurement probes that interface with the detection port;

[0029] Voltmeter U1 is used to collect and detect the voltage at the port.

[0030] LED D1, which serves as an indicator by emitting light; and

[0031] The counter used to detect the on / off state of the reed switch in the rain gauge is preferably model H7EC-BLM.

[0032] Specifically, the fault diagnosis and calibration circuit also includes a Schmitt inverting amplifier U2 that serves as a signal isolation device. The measurement probe pair and voltmeter U1 are configured in the pre-stage of the Schmitt inverting amplifier U2, and the power supply K1, LED D1, and counter are configured in the post-stage of the Schmitt inverting amplifier U2.

[0033] Specifically, the fault diagnosis and calibration circuit also includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and a transistor Q1, and the measurement probe pair includes a first measurement probe and a second measurement probe.

[0034] One end of the first and second measuring probes are respectively connected to the detection port. The other end of the first measuring probe is connected to the positive terminal of voltmeter U1 and one end of the first resistor R1. The negative terminal of voltmeter U1 and the other end of the second measuring probe are both grounded. The other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and the input terminal of Schmitt inverting amplifier U2. The other end of the second resistor R2 is grounded. The output terminal of Schmitt inverting amplifier U2 is connected to one end of the third resistor R3 and the base of transistor Q1. The other end of the third resistor R3 and the emitter of transistor Q1 are both grounded. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of light-emitting diode D1 and one end of the counter. The other end of the counter is grounded. The positive terminal of light-emitting diode D1 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4. The other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the positive terminal of power supply K1. The negative terminal of power supply K1 is grounded.

[0035] Specifically, the fault diagnosis and calibration circuit also includes a first switch SW1 and a second switch SW2. The first switch SW1 is connected in series between the fourth resistor R4 and the positive terminal of the power supply K1, and the second switch SW2 is connected in series between the counter and ground.

[0036] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: Voltmeter U1 is a voltmeter with a range of 15V, which can meet the measurement of the voltage of all ports of the rain gauge; Schmitt inverting amplifier U2 utilizes its high input impedance to isolate the measured signal. The voltage signal output by Schmitt inverting amplifier U2 is converted into a current signal by transistor Q1 to drive LED D1 to emit light, and the switching voltage generated by transistor Q1 on / off controls the H7EC-BLM type counter to count the switching signal in real time.

[0037] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the Schmitt inverting amplifier U2 is model H14; the transistor Q1 is model 2SC1815; the power supply K1 has a voltage of 9V; and the resistance values ​​of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the fourth resistor R4 are 10K ohms, 100K ohms, 10K ohms, and 2.4K ohms, respectively.

[0038] The workflow of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 3 As shown;

[0039] After S100, the inspection and calibration instrument is connected to the detection port of the rain gauge, the voltage of the detection port is checked by voltmeter U1 to see if it is normal; if it is normal, S200 is executed; if it is not normal, the external line is disconnected for a second check.

[0040] If the voltage at the detection port is still abnormal after disconnecting the external line, it is determined that there is an internal fault in the rain gauge.

[0041] If the voltage at the detection port returns to normal after disconnecting the external line, it is determined that there is a short circuit / open circuit fault in the external line.

[0042] S200: Determine if the diode is flashing; if the diode is flashing, proceed to S300; if the diode is not flashing, determine that there is a short circuit / open circuit fault in the external circuit or a fault in the rain sensor.

[0043] S300 Finally, determine if the counter is counting normally; if the counter is not counting normally, replace the reed switch or check if the magnetic bead is weakly magnetized.

[0044] In the past, we overlooked the impact of ambient temperature on rain gauges. However, the effect on their core component, the reed switch, is even more pronounced. This is primarily because, during the high temperatures of summer, the outer casing of a rain gauge placed outdoors typically reaches temperatures of 60 to 70 degrees Celsius, and the operating temperature of the internal reed switch is at least 60 degrees Celsius. Summer is also the rainy season, a period prone to severe weather events such as torrential rain and downpours. During calibration maintenance of rain gauges in these high-temperature periods, the sensitivity of the interaction between the reed switch and the magnet changes significantly due to ambient temperature, severely impacting the accuracy of rain gauge readings. Therefore, during calibration in hot weather, it is essential to implement sunshade and cooling measures for at least half an hour before performing the necessary calibration adjustments to ensure that the measurement error remains within the effective range.

[0045] For a long time, meteorological departments have had a significant blind spot regarding the use of reed switches, the core component of rain gauges, and lack corresponding application standards, resulting in a considerable amount of missing important data. Through long-term observation and statistical analysis, it has been found that once the reed switches of rain gauges have been used for more than two years, their failure rate increases significantly, and most of the failures occur during important weather events.

[0046] Therefore, based on the actual application of this core component, we should intervene in advance regardless of the performance of the reed switch and replace it every two years. This will greatly reduce the failure rate.

[0047] Therefore, in this implementation, detecting the action of the reed switch by judging the counter count is of positive significance.

[0048] Furthermore, to reduce errors in rainfall measurement, the rainfall sensor should be adjusted accordingly based on calibration data from heavy rainstorms, taking into account different regions and flood seasons. This patent application focuses on using such calibration data as a benchmark to better suit practical application needs. This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit it. Those skilled in the art, after reading this specification, can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A fault diagnosis and calibration instrument for a meteorological rainfall sensor, characterized in that: The utility model relates to a rain gauge fault detection and calibration instrument, comprising a fault detection and calibration instrument body connected with a detection port for a rain sensor in a rain gauge, a power supply and a fault detection and calibration circuit powered by the power supply arranged in the fault detection and calibration instrument body, the fault detection and calibration circuit comprising: a measurement probe pair connected with the detection port; a voltmeter for collecting the voltage of the detection port; a light-emitting diode for indication by emitting light; and a counter for detecting the on-off of a reed switch in the rain sensor.

2. The meteorological rain sensor fault maintenance and calibration instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault detection and calibration circuit further comprises a Schmitt inverter for signal isolation, the measurement probe pair and the voltmeter being arranged in the front stage of the Schmitt inverter, and the power supply, the light-emitting diode and the counter being arranged in the rear stage of the Schmitt inverter.

3. The meteorological rain sensor fault maintenance and calibration instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fault detection and calibration circuit further comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a triode, and the measurement probe pair comprises a first measurement probe and a second measurement probe. One end of the first measurement probe and the second measurement probe is connected with the detection port respectively, the other end of the first measurement probe is connected with the positive electrode of the voltmeter and one end of the first resistor, the negative electrode of the voltmeter and the other end of the second measurement probe are grounded, the other end of the first resistor is connected with one end of the second resistor and the input end of the Schmitt inverter, the other end of the second resistor is grounded, the output end of the Schmitt inverter is connected with one end of the third resistor and the base of the triode, the other end of the third resistor and the emitter of the triode are grounded, the collector of the triode is connected with the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode and one end of the counter, the other end of the counter is grounded, the positive electrode of the light-emitting diode is connected with one end of the fourth resistor, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode of the power supply is grounded.

4. The meteorological rain sensor fault maintenance and calibration instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fault detection and calibration circuit further comprises a first switch and a second switch, the first switch is connected in series between the fourth resistor and the positive electrode of the power supply, and the second switch is connected in series between the counter and the ground.

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