Cable head monitoring equipment based on optical cable communication

Abstract

The utility model discloses cable head monitoring equipment based on optical cable communication, which comprises an energy taking device, a monitoring device, a transmission device and a control device, and is characterized in that the energy taking device, the monitoring device and the transmission device are electrically connected with the control device; wherein the energy taking device is used for providing electric energy for the monitoring device and the transmission device; the monitoring device is used for monitoring temperature data and partial discharge data of the cable head; the transmission device is used for transmitting the temperature data and the partial discharge data of the cable head to the control device through an optical fiber; the control device is used for judging cable head faults. In the monitoring equipment, the energy taking module collects energy through a leakage magnetic field of a package cable, power supply to the monitoring module and the transmission module is realized, dependence on an external power supply or a battery in a traditional monitoring system is avoided, and thus the maintenance cost and the replacement period are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of high-voltage power transmission systems, specifically relating to a cable head monitoring device based on optical fiber communication. Background Technology

[0002] Cable terminations (cable heads) are critical components in power transmission systems, and their long-term operating condition directly affects the reliability and safety of power supply. In high-voltage or ultra-high-voltage transmission systems, partial discharge and abnormal temperature at cable heads are often precursors to cable faults. Therefore, real-time monitoring of cable heads is of great significance for preventing accidents and reducing maintenance costs.

[0003] Currently, cable head monitoring equipment is mainly used to monitor whether cable joints are overheating due to increased contact resistance or excessive load; and to monitor whether cable heads have insulation damage or aging problems, in order to prevent electrical breakdown and cable failure. To achieve remote monitoring, current cable head monitoring equipment on the market typically uses wireless communication (such as LoRa, NB-IoT) or wired communication (such as RS485, Ethernet) for data transmission and relies on mains power or battery power to maintain equipment operation. However, these existing technologies have many shortcomings and limitations in practical applications.

[0004] Existing cable head monitoring equipment typically requires external power supply (such as AC or DC). However, in complex power transmission environments, laying power lines is difficult, especially in outdoor substations and underground cable wells, where power supply is challenging. Some equipment uses battery power, but batteries have lifespan issues and require regular replacement or maintenance, resulting in high long-term operating costs. Furthermore, battery performance is prone to degradation in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, affecting equipment stability.

[0005] Currently, many monitoring devices use wireless communication (such as NB-IoT, LoRa, etc.) for data transmission. However, wireless signals are easily interfered with in high-voltage power systems with complex electromagnetic environments, leading to unstable data transmission or even packet loss. Some monitoring devices use wired communication methods such as RS485 and Ethernet, which require additional communication lines to be laid. This not only increases construction costs but also makes them susceptible to electromagnetic induction in complex cable laying environments, resulting in data transmission distortion or instability.

[0006] Most current monitoring systems use point-to-point or one-way data transmission. When a communication node or transmission line fails, the entire system may fail, and reliable data transmission cannot be guaranteed. Traditional monitoring equipment mostly uses a single communication path without redundancy design, which means it cannot continue to work when the fiber optic or wireless signal is damaged.

[0007] Existing systems generally use fixed-period data reporting and lack intelligent scheduling mechanisms, which may cause devices to continue transmitting data even when power supply is insufficient, accelerating energy consumption and shortening service life. Since monitoring devices may send data to the host computer at the same time, data transmission is prone to conflicts or aliasing, which makes it impossible for the host computer to accurately parse the data from each device, affecting the monitoring effect.

[0008] Existing cable head monitoring equipment has many shortcomings in terms of power supply, data transmission, fault tolerance, and data management, making it difficult to meet the requirements of long-term stable operation of power systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent cable head monitoring device with self-powering capabilities, employing highly reliable fiber optic communication, and supporting efficient data polling scheduling to improve monitoring accuracy and system reliability. Utility Model Content

[0009] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a cable head monitoring device based on optical fiber communication, so as to solve the technical defects of existing cable head monitoring devices in terms of power supply, data transmission, fault resistance and data management, which make it difficult to meet the requirements of long-term stable operation of power systems.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] In a first aspect, a cable head monitoring device based on optical fiber communication is provided, comprising: a power harvesting device, a monitoring device, a transmission device, and a control device, wherein the power harvesting device, the monitoring device, and the transmission device are electrically connected to the control device;

[0012] The energy harvesting device is used to provide power to the monitoring device and the transmission device; the monitoring device is used to monitor the temperature data and partial discharge data of the cable head; the transmission device is used to transmit the temperature data and partial discharge data of the cable head to the control device via optical fiber; and the control device is used to determine cable head faults.

[0013] Furthermore, the energy harvesting device includes an energy harvesting unit, a rectifier circuit, and a supercapacitor. The energy harvesting unit is connected to the rectifier circuit, and the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the supercapacitor.

[0014] The energy harvesting unit is used to sense the alternating current signal generated by the leakage magnetic field of the cable.

[0015] The rectifier circuit is used to convert the AC signal into DC power;

[0016] The supercapacitor is used to store the direct current.

[0017] Furthermore, the energy harvesting unit is an energy harvesting coil.

[0018] Furthermore, the monitoring device includes a temperature sensing unit, a partial discharge sensing unit, and a signal processing circuit, wherein the temperature sensing unit and the partial discharge sensing unit are signal-connected to the signal processing circuit;

[0019] The temperature sensing unit is used to collect cable head temperature data, the partial discharge sensing unit is used to collect cable head partial discharge data, and the signal processing circuit is used to process the temperature data and the discharge data and transmit them to the transmission device.

[0020] Furthermore, multiple partial discharge sensing units are provided.

[0021] Furthermore, the temperature sensing unit is one of a thermocouple temperature sensor, a resistance temperature sensor, a fiber optic temperature sensor, a wireless temperature sensor, or a temperature sensor in general.

[0022] Furthermore, the partial discharge sensing unit is one of a partial discharge sensor, a high-frequency current sensor, an ultra-high frequency sensor, or an ultrasonic sensor.

[0023] Furthermore, the transmission device includes an optical module, an optical fiber, and an optical fiber coupler. The optical module is used to convert electrical signals into optical signals, and the optical fiber coupler is connected to the transmission device through the optical fiber.

[0024] Furthermore, the optical fiber includes an optical fiber trunk and an optical fiber pigtail, both of which are connected to an optical fiber coupler.

[0025] Furthermore, the control device is a host computer.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. In this monitoring device, the energy harvesting module collects energy through the leakage magnetic field of the bundled cable to power the monitoring and transmission modules, avoiding the dependence on external power supplies or batteries in traditional monitoring systems, thereby reducing maintenance costs and replacement cycles. Secondly, the transmission device uses fiber optic data transmission, which has advantages such as low signal attenuation and resistance to electromagnetic interference, ensuring data integrity and accuracy in complex or harsh environments, especially suitable for situations with high electromagnetic interference. The high speed and high bandwidth of fiber optic communication also enable timely and accurate transmission of temperature values ​​and partial discharge data to the host computer for monitoring. Finally, the control device uses a polling method, sending data requests to each monitoring device sequentially at fixed time intervals, effectively avoiding signal aliasing caused by multiple devices transmitting data simultaneously, while ensuring that each normally operating monitoring device can transmit data back to the control device in a timely manner, improving the overall stability and reliability of data transmission.

[0028] 2. The energy harvesting unit extracts energy through the leakage magnetic field of the induction cable, which broadens the power supply sources of the equipment. The rectifier circuit converts the AC signal sensed by the energy harvesting unit into DC power, so that the AC power obtained from the leakage magnetic field of the cable can be effectively utilized. This provides a suitable form of electrical energy for charging the supercapacitor and powering the monitoring and transmission devices, ensuring the normal operation of the entire energy harvesting device and monitoring equipment.

[0029] Supercapacitors offer advantages such as high power density and rapid charging and discharging, enabling them to efficiently store DC power output from rectifier circuits. Compared to traditional batteries, supercapacitors can be charged quickly and released rapidly when needed, providing stable power support for monitoring and transmission devices.

[0030] 3. The structure of the energy harvesting coil is relatively simple, usually consisting of coil windings and related magnetic core materials. This simple structure makes the overall design of the energy harvesting device more compact and facilitates its integration and installation in cable head monitoring equipment.

[0031] 4. The monitoring device achieves comprehensive and accurate monitoring and effective processing of key parameters of the cable head through the coordinated operation of the temperature sensing unit, the partial discharge sensing unit, and the signal processing circuit.

[0032] 5. The insulation condition may vary at different locations inside the cable head, and the location and intensity of partial discharge may also differ. Setting up multiple partial discharge sensing units can monitor the cable head from multiple angles and positions, capturing partial discharge signals from all directions. This avoids missing some partial discharge phenomena due to the limited location of a single sensing unit, greatly improving the comprehensiveness of the detection and ensuring that potential insulation problems in various parts of the cable head can be detected in a timely manner.

[0033] 6. Different types of cables (such as high-voltage cables and low-voltage cables) and different specifications of cable heads may have different temperature distribution and variation characteristics. Various temperature sensors have different characteristics and measurement ranges. The most suitable temperature sensor can be selected according to the type and specifications of the cable to accurately measure the temperature of the cable head and improve the pertinence and accuracy of monitoring.

[0034] 7. Different types of partial discharge sensing units have different performance and effects. Selecting the appropriate sensor according to the specific situation can improve the accuracy and reliability of monitoring.

[0035] 8. In the monitoring environment of high-voltage cable heads, there is strong electromagnetic interference. Fiber optic cables use optical signal transmission and are unaffected by electromagnetic interference, effectively avoiding interference from electromagnetic noise and ensuring the clarity and accuracy of the transmitted signal.

[0036] 9. Fiber optic trunks are typically used for long-distance, high-capacity signal transmission. They can connect the transmission devices of each equipment to form a backbone transmission network. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cable head monitoring device based on optical fiber communication provided by this utility model;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the optical fiber transmission topology in the cable head monitoring device based on optical fiber communication provided by this utility model;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the fiber optic coupler connection in the cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication provided by this utility model;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the cable head monitoring device based on optical fiber communication provided by this utility model;

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the supercapacitor in the cable head monitoring device based on optical fiber communication provided by this utility model;

[0043] The components include: 1. Energy harvesting device; 101. Energy harvesting coil; 2. Monitoring device; 201. Partial discharge sensing unit; 202. Temperature sensing unit; 3. Transmission device; 301. Fiber optic coupler; 302. Fiber optic trunk; 303. Fiber optic tail; 4. Control device; 5. Cable head. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0045] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the utility model. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0049] Cable terminations (cable heads) are critical components in power transmission systems, and their long-term operating condition directly affects the reliability and safety of power supply. In high-voltage or ultra-high-voltage transmission systems, partial discharge and abnormal temperature at cable heads are often precursors to cable faults. Therefore, real-time monitoring of cable heads is of great significance for preventing accidents and reducing maintenance costs.

[0050] Currently, cable head monitoring equipment is mainly used to monitor whether cable joints are overheating due to increased contact resistance or excessive load; and to monitor whether cable heads have insulation damage or aging problems, in order to prevent electrical breakdown and cable failure. To achieve remote monitoring, current cable head monitoring equipment on the market typically uses wireless communication (such as LoRa, NB-IoT) or wired communication (such as RS485, Ethernet) for data transmission and relies on mains power or battery power to maintain equipment operation. However, these existing technologies have many shortcomings and limitations in practical applications.

[0051] Existing cable head monitoring equipment typically requires external power supply (such as AC or DC). However, in complex power transmission environments, laying power lines is difficult, especially in outdoor substations and underground cable wells, where power supply is challenging. Some equipment uses battery power, but batteries have lifespan issues and require regular replacement or maintenance, resulting in high long-term operating costs. Furthermore, battery performance is prone to degradation in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, affecting equipment stability.

[0052] Currently, many monitoring devices use wireless communication (such as NB-IoT, LoRa, etc.) for data transmission. However, wireless signals are easily interfered with in high-voltage power systems with complex electromagnetic environments, leading to unstable data transmission or even packet loss. Some monitoring devices use wired communication methods such as RS485 and Ethernet, which require additional communication lines to be laid. This not only increases construction costs but also makes them susceptible to electromagnetic induction in complex cable laying environments, resulting in data transmission distortion or instability.

[0053] Most current monitoring systems use point-to-point or one-way data transmission. When a communication node or transmission line fails, the entire system may fail, and reliable data transmission cannot be guaranteed. Traditional monitoring equipment mostly uses a single communication path without redundancy design, which means it cannot continue to work when the fiber optic or wireless signal is damaged.

[0054] Existing systems generally use fixed-period data reporting and lack intelligent scheduling mechanisms, which may cause devices to continue transmitting data even when power supply is insufficient, accelerating energy consumption and shortening service life. Since monitoring devices may send data to the host computer at the same time, data transmission is prone to conflicts or aliasing, which makes it impossible for the host computer to accurately parse the data from each device, affecting the monitoring effect.

[0055] Existing cable head monitoring equipment has many shortcomings in terms of power supply, data transmission, fault tolerance, and data management, making it difficult to meet the requirements of long-term stable operation of power systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent cable head monitoring device with self-powering capabilities, employing highly reliable fiber optic communication, and supporting efficient data polling scheduling to improve monitoring accuracy and system reliability.

[0056] To address the aforementioned technical deficiencies, the inventors have provided a cable head monitoring device based on optical fiber communication.

[0057] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0058] like Figures 1-5As shown in the figure, this utility model provides a cable head monitoring device based on optical fiber communication, including: a power harvesting device 1, a monitoring device 2, a transmission device 3, and a control device 4. The power harvesting device 1, the monitoring device 2, and the transmission device 3 are electrically connected to the control device 4. The power harvesting device 1 provides power to the monitoring device 2 and the transmission device 3. The monitoring device 2 monitors the temperature data and partial discharge data of the cable head 5. The transmission device 3 transmits the temperature data and partial discharge data of the cable head 5 to the control device 4 via optical fiber. The control device 4 determines cable head faults. In practical application scenarios of the cable head 5, such as outdoor substations and underground cable wells, especially in high-voltage or ultra-high-voltage transmission systems, the laying of external power supply lines is extremely difficult. The power harvesting device 1 of this device can directly provide power to the monitoring device 2 and the transmission device 3 without relying on a complex external power supply network, fundamentally solving the problem of power supply difficulties in complex transmission environments. This ensures that the monitoring device can stably obtain power and maintain normal operation under various harsh conditions. Secondly, traditional battery-powered monitoring equipment suffers from limited battery life, requiring regular replacement or maintenance. This not only increases long-term operating costs but also makes the battery performance prone to degradation under special environments such as high temperature and high humidity, affecting equipment stability. This monitoring equipment avoids the drawbacks of battery power by using the energy harvesting device 1, reducing the manpower and material costs associated with battery replacement and maintenance. At the same time, it improves the reliability of the equipment under different environmental conditions and reduces the risk of equipment failure due to battery problems.

[0059] Regarding the monitoring of cable head 5, monitoring device 2 can simultaneously monitor the temperature and partial discharge data of cable head 5. The temperature data reflects whether the cable joint 6 is overheating due to increased contact resistance or excessive load, while the partial discharge data helps detect insulation damage or aging issues at cable head 5. Comprehensive and accurate monitoring of these two key parameters allows for the timely detection of potential faults in cable head 5, providing strong support for preventing electrical breakdown and cable failure. Furthermore, accurate acquisition of temperature and partial discharge data from cable head 5 enables maintenance personnel to detect abnormal conditions earlier, taking appropriate maintenance measures in advance to prevent further escalation of the fault. This effectively reduces the incidence of power outages caused by cable head 5 faults and improves the reliability of the power supply system.

[0060] In terms of data transmission, transmission device 3 uses optical fiber to transmit temperature data and partial discharge data from cable head 5 to control device 4. Control device 4 then uses the received data to accurately determine the fault in cable head 5. In this process, optical fiber communication has advantages such as strong anti-interference capability, large transmission capacity, and long transmission distance. In high-voltage power systems with complex electromagnetic environments, it can effectively avoid problems such as unstable data transmission and packet loss caused by interference with wireless signals, ensuring accurate and reliable transmission of monitoring data to control device 4, providing a solid data foundation for subsequent fault diagnosis. Compared with traditional wired communication methods such as RS485 and Ethernet, optical fiber is more adaptable to complex cable laying environments, is unaffected by electromagnetic induction, and will not experience data transmission distortion or instability. Even in long-distance transmission and complex electromagnetic environments, it can guarantee high-quality data transmission, improving the stability and reliability of the entire monitoring system.

[0061] In summary, by electrically connecting and uniformly managing the energy harvesting device 1, monitoring device 2, and transmission device 3 through the control device 4, centralized processing and transmission of monitoring data are achieved. This also enables accurate determination of whether there is a fault in the cable head 5, improving the accuracy and efficiency of fault diagnosis and contributing to the intelligent operation and maintenance management of the power system. Furthermore, this equipment has good scalability and compatibility, facilitating integration with other power system monitoring equipment to form a more comprehensive power system monitoring network.

[0062] Furthermore, the energy harvesting device 1 includes an energy harvesting unit, a rectifier circuit, and a supercapacitor. The energy harvesting unit is connected to the rectifier circuit, and the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the supercapacitor. The energy harvesting unit is used to sense the alternating current signal generated by the leakage magnetic field of the cable. The rectifier circuit is used to convert the alternating current signal into direct current. The supercapacitor is used to store the direct current and power the monitoring device 2, the transmission device 3, and the control device 4. In the above structure, the energy harvesting unit can sense the alternating current signal generated by the leakage magnetic field of the cable, which can make full use of the magnetic field energy around the cable that might otherwise be wasted. Traditional equipment often ignores the utilization of this energy. The energy harvesting unit enables the equipment to obtain energy from the leakage magnetic field of the cable to power the monitoring device 2 and the transmission device 3, improving the overall energy utilization efficiency and conforming to the development trend of energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0063] The rectifier circuit converts the AC signal sensed by the energy harvesting unit into DC power. This function of the rectifier circuit allows the AC power obtained from the leakage magnetic field of the cable to be effectively utilized, providing a suitable form of power for charging the supercapacitor and supplying power to monitoring device 2 and transmission device 3, ensuring the normal operation of the entire monitoring equipment. Secondly, the rectifier circuit can perform voltage stabilization on the converted DC power, reducing voltage fluctuations. This helps protect the supercapacitor and the electronic components in monitoring device 2 and transmission device 3, preventing component damage or performance degradation due to voltage instability, extending the service life of the equipment, and improving its stability and reliability.

[0064] In this solution, supercapacitors have advantages such as high power density and fast charging and discharging. They can efficiently store the DC power output from the rectifier circuit. Compared with traditional batteries, supercapacitors can be charged in a short time and can release electrical energy quickly when needed, providing stable power support for monitoring device 2 and transmission device 3. This ensures that the equipment can still maintain a continuous and stable power supply even when the magnetic field energy of the cable leakage is fluctuating or intermittently insufficient, thus improving the equipment's anti-interference ability and operational stability.

[0065] In this embodiment, the energy harvesting unit is specifically selected as an energy harvesting coil 101. The energy harvesting coil 101 is highly sensitive to the magnetic field leaking from the cable, and can accurately capture the magnetic field leaking around the cable and convert it into an alternating current signal. Compared with other possible energy harvesting methods, the energy harvesting coil 101 can more efficiently utilize the energy that might otherwise be wasted—the magnetic field leaking from the cable—to provide a stable energy input for the entire energy harvesting device 1, ensuring that the subsequent rectifier circuit and supercapacitor can work normally, thereby powering the monitoring device 2 and the transmission device 3.

[0066] In addition, the structure of the energy harvesting coil 101 is relatively simple, usually consisting of coil windings and related magnetic core materials. This simple structure makes the overall design of the energy harvesting device 1 more compact, facilitating its integration into the cable head 5 monitoring equipment without occupying too much space or increasing the complexity and weight of the equipment. This is beneficial for the miniaturization and weight reduction of the equipment, making it convenient for installation and deployment in various cable laying environments. At the same time, the energy harvesting coil 101 can be flexibly installed in a suitable position near the cable head 5 to obtain the best magnetic field induction effect. It does not require large-scale modification or additional connection of the cable head 5 itself. It can be fixed in relative position with the cable head 5 through reasonable layout and fixing method, thereby effectively sensing the leakage magnetic field of the cable head 5. This installation flexibility reduces the difficulty and cost of equipment installation and improves the maintainability and operability of the equipment.

[0067] Furthermore, the monitoring device 2 includes a temperature sensing unit 202, a partial discharge sensing unit 201, and a signal processing circuit. The temperature sensing unit 202 and the partial discharge sensing unit 201 are connected to the signal processing circuit. The temperature sensing unit 202 collects temperature data from the cable head 5, the partial discharge sensing unit 201 collects partial discharge data from the cable head 5, and the signal processing circuit processes the temperature and discharge data and transmits them to the transmission device 3. During operation, the cable head 5 may overheat due to increased contact resistance or excessive load, which is a significant precursor to cable failure. The temperature sensing unit 202 is specifically designed to collect temperature data from the cable head 5. By collecting temperature data in real time and accurately, the abnormal heating of the cable head 5 can be detected promptly, allowing for appropriate measures such as adjusting the load and checking the contact resistance to prevent failures caused by overheating.

[0068] Partial discharge is a significant indicator of cable insulation damage or aging. It leads to a gradual decline in cable insulation performance, eventually causing serious faults such as cable breakdown. The partial discharge sensing unit 201 can sensitively capture partial discharge signals inside the cable head 5, providing direct evidence for judging the insulation condition of the cable head 5. This helps to detect potential insulation problems early, arrange timely maintenance, and prevent the fault from escalating. Furthermore, by setting up the temperature sensing unit 202 and the partial discharge sensing unit 201 separately, dedicated data collection can be performed on two key early signs of faults in the cable head 5. This makes data collection more accurate and efficient, avoiding interference and resource waste caused by collecting irrelevant data, and improving the quality and efficiency of data collection.

[0069] During the data acquisition process, various interference factors may affect the acquired data, resulting in noise and distortion. The signal processing circuit can process the raw data through filtering, amplification, analog-to-digital conversion and other techniques to remove noise interference and improve the accuracy and reliability of the data. The processed data can more realistically reflect the actual state of the cable head 5, providing a more reliable basis for subsequent fault diagnosis.

[0070] In this embodiment, multiple partial discharge sensing units 201 are provided. The insulation condition of different locations inside the cable head 5 may vary, and the location and intensity of partial discharge will also differ. By providing multiple partial discharge sensing units 201, the cable head 5 can be monitored from multiple angles and positions, capturing partial discharge signals from all directions. This avoids missing some partial discharge phenomena due to location limitations, greatly improving the comprehensiveness of detection and ensuring that potential insulation problems in various parts of the cable head 5 can be detected in a timely manner.

[0071] Specifically, the temperature sensing unit 202 is one of a thermocouple temperature sensor, a resistance temperature sensor, a fiber optic temperature sensor, a wireless temperature sensor, or a temperature sensor. In this embodiment, the temperature sensing unit 202 is preferably a temperature sensor.

[0072] Specifically, the partial discharge sensing unit 201 is one of a partial discharge sensor, a high-frequency current sensor, an ultra-high frequency sensor, or an ultrasonic sensor. In this embodiment, the partial discharge sensing unit 201 is preferably a partial discharge sensor.

[0073] Furthermore, the transmission device 3 includes an optical module, optical fiber, and optical fiber coupler 301. The optical module converts electrical signals into optical signals. The optical fiber includes an optical fiber trunk 302 and an optical fiber tail 303, both of which are connected to the optical fiber coupler 301. The optical fiber coupler 301 is connected to the transmission device 3 via the optical fiber. In the monitoring environment of the high-voltage cable head 5, there is strong electromagnetic interference. Since optical fiber uses optical signal transmission, it is unaffected by electromagnetic interference, effectively avoiding interference from electromagnetic noise and ensuring the clarity and accuracy of the transmitted signal. This allows monitoring data to be reliably transmitted to the control device 4, providing accurate information for subsequent fault diagnosis and decision-making.

[0074] In this embodiment, the control device 4 is a host computer. During the monitoring of the cable head 5, the energy harvesting device 1 and the monitoring device 2 will generate a large amount of data. The host computer can quickly process and analyze this data, such as performing data filtering, noise reduction, feature extraction and other operations, thereby uncovering the information hidden behind the data and providing strong support for fault diagnosis and status assessment.

[0075] In practical application, the energy harvesting device 1 obtains energy by sensing the leakage magnetic field of the cable, rectifies it, and stores the direct current in a supercapacitor, ensuring that the monitoring device can operate without an external power source. Subsequently, the monitoring device 2 uses the stored energy to monitor the temperature and partial discharge of the cable head 5 in real time. The collected data is processed and transmitted to the transmission device 3. The transmission device 3 then converts the monitoring data into optical signals, which are transmitted to the control device 4 via optical fiber. Finally, the control device 4 displays the data and performs data analysis and remote monitoring. This monitoring device enables long-term stable operation without external power support and has efficient monitoring and data transmission functions, making it suitable for remote monitoring and health assessment of cable heads 5.

[0076] In specific operations, such as Figure 4As shown, the energy harvesting coil 101 is installed at the end of the cable outside the explosion-proof shell of the cable head 5. The partial discharge sensing unit 201 is installed in the middle of the cable head 5, and there are two sets of installations, each set arranged in a ring structure, with three units in each set and a spacing of 60cm between the two sets. There are two temperature sensing units 202 installed. One temperature sensing unit 202 is built into the control device 4 to monitor the ambient temperature, and the other temperature sensing unit 202 is installed at the bottom of the middle of the cable head 5 to monitor the surface temperature of the cable head 5. Then, the energy harvesting coil 101, the partial discharge sensing unit 201 and the temperature sensing unit 202 are connected to the signal processing circuit. After being converted into electrical signals by the signal processing circuit, they are transmitted to the control device 4.

[0077] It is worth noting that, such as Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the fiber optic transmission topology of the monitoring equipment in this scheme. The entire device adopts a master-slave mode, and multiple monitoring devices can be arranged, as shown in the box-shaped structure in the diagram. The control device 4 is responsible for sending commands and receiving monitoring data. The topology is divided into uplink and downlink. The downlink is used by the control device 4 to send data request commands to each monitoring device in sequence, while the uplink is used by the monitoring devices to transmit the collected data to the control device 4 through fiber optics after receiving the commands.

[0078] To ensure that at least one monitoring device is in normal working condition during the polling process of control device 4, the polling interval of control device 4 is set to the minimum normal working time of the monitoring device divided by the total number of devices. This ensures that all normally functioning devices can successfully transmit data within one polling cycle. This mechanism not only effectively avoids signal conflicts and aliasing problems caused by multiple devices uploading data simultaneously, but also ensures the data integrity and transmission stability of the monitoring devices.

[0079] like Figure 3 As shown, the fiber optic coupler 301 is an optical component used for beam splitting and signal combining. Its main function is to connect the fiber optic pigtail of the monitoring equipment to the fiber optic trunk 302, thereby achieving optical signal convergence and distribution. The two ends of the fiber optic coupler 301 are connected to the fiber optic trunk 302, allowing the optical signal to be stably transmitted along the fiber optic trunk 302, ensuring signal integrity and controllable loss when data is transmitted from the monitoring equipment to the control device 4. The fiber optic pigtail 303 is connected to the fiber optic trunk 302 through the branch interface of the fiber optic coupler 301, thereby transmitting the collected monitoring data to the control device 4, realizing remote data transmission.

[0080] The fiber optic coupler 301 enables efficient aggregation and distribution of optical signals, ensuring that data from multiple monitoring devices can be smoothly aggregated to the fiber optic trunk 302 and ultimately transmitted to the control device 4. Simultaneously, the fiber optic trunk 302 serves as the main data transmission network, connecting all monitoring devices and, through the fiber optic coupler 301, connecting to the fiber optic tails 303 of each monitoring device to form a complete fiber optic communication link. Through the fiber optic coupler 301, each monitoring device can be modularly connected to the fiber optic trunk 302, making the installation, expansion, and maintenance of the monitoring devices more convenient.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit its protection scope. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that after reading this utility model, they can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation of the utility model, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the protection scope of the pending claims of the utility model.

Claims

1. An optical fiber cable communication based cable head monitoring device, characterized by, The utility model relates to a kind of cable head fault detection system, including: power taking device (1), monitoring device (2), transmission device (3) and control device (4), the power taking device (1), monitoring device (2) and transmission device (3) are electrically connected with the control device (4); Wherein, the power taking device (1) is used to provide power for monitoring device (2) and transmission device (3);The monitoring device (2) is used to monitor the temperature data and partial discharge data of cable head (5);The transmission device (3) is used to transmit the temperature data and partial discharge data of the cable head (5) to the control device (4) through optical fiber;The control device (4) is used to judge cable head failure. The power taking device (1) includes a power taking unit, a rectifier circuit and a super capacitor, the power taking unit is connected with the rectifier circuit, and the rectifier circuit is electrically connected with the super capacitor.

2. The cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power taking unit is used to induce alternating current signals generated by cable leakage magnetic field. The rectifier circuit is used to convert the alternating current signals into direct current. The super capacitor is used to store the direct current. The power taking unit is a power taking coil (101).

3. The cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monitoring device (2) includes a temperature sensing unit (202), a partial discharge sensing unit (201) and a signal processing circuit, the temperature sensing unit (202) and the partial discharge sensing unit (201) are signal connected with the signal processing circuit.

4. The cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, Wherein, the temperature sensing unit (202) is used to collect cable head temperature data, the partial discharge sensing unit (201) is used to collect cable head partial discharge data, and the signal processing circuit is used to process the temperature data and the discharge data and transmit to the transmission device (3). The partial discharge sensing unit (201) is provided with a plurality of.

5. The cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature sensing unit (202) is one of thermocouple temperature sensor, thermal resistance temperature sensor, optical fiber temperature sensor, wireless temperature sensing sensor or temperature sensor.

6. The cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication according to claim 4, wherein, The partial discharge sensing unit (201) is one of partial discharge sensor, high-frequency current sensor, ultrahigh frequency sensor or ultrasonic sensor.

7. The cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication according to claim 4, wherein, The transmission device (3) includes an optical module, an optical fiber and an optical fiber coupler (301), the optical module is used to convert electrical signal into optical signal, and the optical fiber coupler (301) is connected with the transmission device (3) through the optical fiber.

8. The cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical fiber includes an optical fiber trunk (302) and an optical fiber tail (303), and the optical fiber trunk (302) and the optical fiber tail (303) are connected with the optical fiber coupler (301).

9. The cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control device (4) is an upper computer.

10. The cable head monitoring device based on optical cable communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​

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