Multi-stage separation equipment for household appliance crushed and mixed miscellaneous materials

Abstract

The utility model provides household appliance crushed mixed sundry multi-stage separation equipment, which relates to the technical field of separation equipment, and comprises a vibration feeding assembly, a Z-shaped separator connected with the vibration feeding assembly, a first separation cyclone hopper connected with the Z-shaped separator, a second separation cyclone hopper connected with the second separation cyclone hopper, and a third separation cyclone hopper connected with the second separation cyclone hopper. The other end of the second material distributing cyclone hopper is connected with the Z-shaped sorting machine; an inlet of the Z-shaped sorting machine is connected with the vibration feeding assembly, and an air blower is integrated in the Z-shaped sorting machine to achieve multi-stage airflow sorting. The device has the beneficial effects that a traditional mechanical sorting mechanism is replaced by airflow dynamics, so that the sorting precision is ensured, the equipment structure is remarkably simplified, the manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost of the equipment are reduced, and the problem of separation of heterogeneous components in crushed materials of waste household appliances is effectively solved; and a pretreatment guarantee is provided for subsequent metal recovery and plastic sorting procedures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of sorting equipment technology, and in particular to a multi-stage sorting equipment for crushed and mixed household appliance materials. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of waste household appliance recycling, the mixture after primary crushing typically exhibits complex composition and diverse forms, containing various heterogeneous components such as metals, plastics, and insulation layers. Existing sorting processes generally employ a combination of multi-stage crushing, density sorting, magnetic separation, and sieving. While this achieves basic classification, it suffers from lengthy process chains and low equipment integration. Specifically, traditional equipment often incorporates numerous vibrating screens, magnetic separators, and airflow separation modules to improve sorting accuracy, leading to increased system footprint, higher energy costs, and significantly increased equipment failure rates and maintenance difficulties due to the complex mechanical structure. Furthermore, the over-configuration of sensor networks in the sorting process not only raises hardware costs but also affects the stability of sorting efficiency due to signal interference. The current technological bottleneck lies in how to achieve intensive equipment design through process innovation, simplifying the system architecture while maintaining sorting accuracy. This is of significant engineering importance for reducing lifecycle maintenance costs and improving the economics of resource recycling. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies and provides a multi-stage sorting device for mixed waste materials from crushed household appliances. The device comprises a grading system consisting of a vibrating feed assembly, a Z-type separator, and a series of cyclone separators. The vibrating feed assembly ensures uniform material input, while the Z-type separator uses a built-in blower to create a directional airflow field, utilizing material density differences to achieve airflow separation. The sorted material undergoes multi-stage separation via a first and second cyclone separator, ultimately achieving precise grading of different material components. By replacing traditional mechanical sorting mechanisms with airflow dynamics, the device significantly simplifies the equipment structure while maintaining sorting accuracy, reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs. It effectively solves the problem of separating heterogeneous components in crushed waste household appliances, providing pretreatment assurance for subsequent metal recycling and plastic sorting processes.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A multi-stage sorting device for crushed and mixed household appliance materials includes a vibrating feed assembly connected to a Z-type sorter, the Z-type sorter connected to a first material distribution cyclone bucket, the first material distribution cyclone bucket connected to a second material distribution cyclone bucket, and the other end of the second material distribution cyclone bucket connected to the Z-type sorter.

[0006] The Z-type separator's inlet is connected to the vibrating feed assembly, and an internal blower is integrated to achieve multi-stage airflow separation. The separation chamber is divided into three discharge zones according to the material density gradient: the top discharge port is connected to the first distribution cyclone bucket for discharging light materials, the middle discharge port is connected to the second distribution cyclone bucket through the first pipe for discharging medium-density materials, and the bottom discharge port directly discharges heavy materials.

[0007] Furthermore, the vibrating feed assembly includes a vibrating support, a vibrating screen is mounted on the vibrating support, and a rubber spring is provided between the vibrating support and the vibrating screen.

[0008] Furthermore, the vibrating screen is connected to a vibrating motor.

[0009] Furthermore, the vibrating screen is inclined on the vibrating support, with the lower end of the vibrating screen connected to the first air shut-off valve, and a protective cover is provided above the connection between the vibrating screen and the first air shut-off valve.

[0010] Furthermore, the first air shut-off valve includes a first air shut-off housing, inside which a first fan blade is provided. The first fan blade is connected to a first motor. The contact area between the first fan blade and the inside of the first air shut-off housing is made of rubber. The first fan blade is driven by the motor to form a dynamic airlock, which divides the first air shut-off housing into two non-communicating parts.

[0011] Furthermore, the Z-type separator is equipped with a second air shut-off valve at the lower end, the first material distribution cyclone hopper is equipped with a third air shut-off valve at the lower end, and the second material distribution cyclone hopper is equipped with a fourth air shut-off valve at the lower end.

[0012] The second, third, and fourth air shut-off valves have the same structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the second shut-off valve includes a second shut-off housing, inside which a second fan blade is provided. The second fan blade is connected to a second motor, and the contact area between the second fan blade and the inside of the second shut-off housing is made of rubber, so that the contact area between the inner wall of the second shut-off housing and the second fan blade is in a sealed state.

[0014] Furthermore, an air valve is provided between the Z-type sorter and the first material distribution cyclone bucket. The air valve is used to adjust the air volume inside the equipment, thereby adjusting the sorting speed.

[0015] Furthermore, the air valve includes a valve pipe to which a valve plate is inserted, and the opening size of the valve pipe can be adjusted by pulling the valve plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the Z-type sorter is connected to the second material distribution cyclone hopper via a first pipe, which is a circular bend; the first material distribution cyclone hopper and the second material distribution cyclone hopper are connected via a second pipe.

[0017] The vibrating feed assembly, Z-type sorter, first material cyclone hopper, and second material cyclone hopper are all mounted on the protective cage frame. The protective cage frame is equipped with a platform, and the platform is surrounded by guardrails. A ladder is installed on one side of the platform.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0019] 1. A grading system comprising a vibrating feed assembly, a Z-type separator, and a series of cyclone separators. The vibrating feed assembly ensures uniform material input, while the Z-type separator uses a built-in blower to create a directional airflow field, utilizing material density differences to achieve airflow separation. The separated material undergoes multi-stage separation via a first and second series of cyclone separators, ultimately achieving precise grading of different material components. By replacing traditional mechanical sorting mechanisms with airflow dynamics, the system significantly simplifies the equipment structure while maintaining sorting accuracy, reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs. It effectively solves the problem of separating heterogeneous components in crushed waste household appliances, providing pretreatment assurance for subsequent metal recycling and plastic sorting processes.

[0020] 2. An air valve is installed, which can be used to adjust the air volume and thus the sorting speed. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and, together with the embodiments of the present invention, are used to explain the present invention. They do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sorting equipment according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a first structural schematic diagram of the vibrating feed assembly, Z-type sorter, first material cyclone hopper, and second material cyclone hopper of this utility model embodiment;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a second structural schematic diagram of the vibrating feed assembly, Z-type sorter, first material cyclone hopper, and second material cyclone hopper of this utility model embodiment;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the air valve structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibrating feed assembly and the first air shut-off valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the Z-type sorting machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first and second material distribution cyclone buckets according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Vibrating feed assembly; 101. Vibrating support; 102. Vibrating motor; 103. Vibrating screen; 104. Protective cover; 105. Rubber spring; 2. First shut-off valve; 201. First shut-off housing; 202. First motor; 203. First fan blade; 3. Z-type sorter; 301. Second shut-off valve; 3011. Second motor; 3012. Second shut-off housing; 3013. Second fan blade; 302. Z-type sorting channel; 4. Blower; 5. First material distribution cyclone bucket; 501. Third shut-off valve; 6. Second material distribution cyclone bucket; 601. Fourth shut-off valve; 7. Air valve; 701. Valve pipe; 702. Valve plate; 703. Limit bolt; 8. First pipeline; 9. Second pipeline; 10. Protective cage frame; 10A. Ladder; 10B. Platform; 10C. Guardrail. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a multi-stage sorting device for crushed and mixed household appliance materials includes a vibrating feed assembly 1, which is connected to a Z-type separator 3. The Z-type separator 3 is connected to a first sorting cyclone 5, which is connected to a second sorting cyclone 6. The other end of the second sorting cyclone 6 is connected to the Z-type separator 3. The inlet of the Z-type separator 3 is connected to the vibrating feed assembly 1, and a blower 4 is integrated inside to achieve multi-stage airflow sorting. The sorting chamber is divided into three discharge zones according to the material density gradient: the top discharge port is connected to the first sorting cyclone 5 to discharge light materials, the middle discharge port is connected to the second sorting cyclone 6 through a first pipe 8 to discharge medium-density materials, and the bottom discharge port directly discharges heavy materials. Due to their large inertial centrifugal force, the heavy materials are thrown against the wall of the sorting cyclone hopper. In the first and second cyclone hoppers 5 and 6, when materials heavier than the airflow can lift are thrown onto the walls of the first and second cyclone hoppers 5 and 6, they will slowly fall down to the bottom of the hopper along the walls, and finally be turned out of the hopper by the rotation of the air shut-off valve.

[0032] Among them, the vibrating feed assembly 1 is responsible for the uniform input of materials. The Z-type separator 3 forms a directional airflow field through the built-in blower 4, and realizes airflow separation by utilizing the difference in material density. The separated materials are separated through the first separating cyclone 5 and the second separating cyclone 6 for multi-stage separation, and finally complete the precise classification of different material components. By replacing the traditional mechanical separation mechanism with airflow dynamics, the equipment structure is significantly simplified while ensuring the separation accuracy, reducing the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the equipment, effectively solving the problem of separating heterogeneous components in the crushed waste household appliances, and providing pretreatment guarantee for subsequent metal recycling and plastic sorting processes.

[0033] The vibrating feed assembly 1 includes a vibrating support 101, on which a vibrating screen 103 is mounted. A rubber spring 105 is installed between the vibrating support 101 and the vibrating screen 103. The vibrating screen 103 is connected to a vibrating motor 102. When the vibrating motor 102 vibrates, it can drive the entire vibrating screen 103 to vibrate. At the same time, the rubber spring 105 can reduce the pressure on the vibrating support 101. The installation of the rubber spring 105 can also make the vibration of the entire vibrating screen 103 more obvious.

[0034] The vibrating screen 103 is inclined on the vibrating support 101. The lower end of the vibrating screen 103 is connected to the first air valve 2. When the vibrating screen 103 vibrates, the material will gradually move along the inclined lower side, so that the material is gradually and evenly fed into the first air valve 2. A protective cover 105 is provided above the connection between the vibrating screen 103 and the first air valve 2. The protective cover 105 can prevent the material from jumping out of the vibrating screen 103 when it is vibrated, so that the material can always fall from the vibrating screen 103 into the first air valve 2.

[0035] The first air-closing valve 2 includes a first air-closing housing 201, inside which is a first fan blade 203. The first fan blade 203 is connected to a first motor 202. The contact area between the first fan blade 203 and the interior of the first air-closing housing 201 is made of rubber. Driven by the motor 202, the first fan blade 203 forms a dynamic airlock, which divides the first air-closing housing 201 into two non-communicating parts. This allows materials to be fed into the Z-type sorter 3 in batches, preventing too much material from being fed into the Z-type sorter 3 at once, thus affecting the airflow's conveying effect on the materials.

[0036] The Z-type separator 3 is equipped with a second air shut-off valve 301 at the lower end, the first material distribution cyclone 5 is equipped with a third air shut-off valve 501 at the lower end, and the second material distribution cyclone 6 is equipped with a fourth air shut-off valve 601 at the lower end; the second air shut-off valve 301, the third air shut-off valve 501 and the fourth air shut-off valve 601 have the same structure.

[0037] The second air shut-off valve 301 includes a second air shut-off housing 3012, inside which a second fan blade 3013 is provided. The second fan blade 3013 is connected to a second motor 3011. The contact area between the second fan blade 3013 and the interior of the second air shut-off housing 3012 is made of rubber, so that the contact area between the inner wall of the second air shut-off housing 3012 and the second fan blade 3013 is in a sealed state. Therefore, it is ensured that the sorting equipment can always maintain the air shut-off state and ensure the air pressure state inside the sorting equipment.

[0038] An air valve 7 is installed between the Z-type separator 3 and the first material cyclone hopper 5. The air valve 7 is used to adjust the air volume inside the equipment, thereby adjusting the sorting speed.

[0039] The air valve 7 includes a valve pipe 701, to which a valve plate 702 is inserted. By moving the valve plate 702, the opening size of the valve pipe 701 can be adjusted, thereby changing the amount of airflow entering the sorting equipment and thus changing the air volume inside the equipment.

[0040] Z-type separator 3 and second material cyclone 6 are connected by first pipe 8, which is a circular bend; first material cyclone 5 and second material cyclone 6 are connected by second pipe 9.

[0041] Vibrating feed assembly 1, Z-type separator 3, first material cyclone hopper 5, and second material cyclone hopper 6 are all mounted on the cage frame 10. The cage frame 10 is equipped with a platform 10B, and a guardrail 10C is installed around the platform 10B. A ladder 10A is installed on one side of the platform 10B, which allows operators to climb onto the platform 10B to observe the operation of the equipment.

[0042] This sorting equipment features an integrated blower system that replaces a complex transmission device, effectively reducing equipment complexity. The multi-stage cyclone sorting components enable automatic material stratification, minimizing manual intervention. Modular design significantly reduces maintenance costs compared to traditional equipment. This technical solution effectively solves the problem of separating heterogeneous components in crushed waste household appliances, providing pretreatment assurance for subsequent metal recycling and plastic sorting processes, and greatly improving recycling efficiency.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. However, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage sorting device for crushed and mixed household appliance materials, characterized in that; The application relates to a Z-type sorting machine, which comprises a vibrating feeding assembly (1), the vibrating feeding assembly (1) being connected with a Z-type sorting machine (3), the Z-type sorting machine (3) being connected with a first distributing cyclone (5), the first distributing cyclone (5) being connected with a second distributing cyclone (6), and the other end of the second distributing cyclone (6) being connected with the Z-type sorting machine (3); the inlet of the Z-type sorting machine (3) is connected with the vibrating feeding assembly (1), and a blower (4) is integrated in the Z-type sorting machine (3) to realize multi-stage airflow sorting; the sorting cavity is divided into three discharge areas according to the material density gradient; the top discharge port is connected with the first distributing cyclone (5) for discharging light materials; the middle discharge port is connected with the second distributing cyclone (6) through a first pipeline (8) for discharging medium-density materials; and the bottom discharge port directly discharges heavy materials.

2. The multi-stage sorting apparatus for broken and mixed materials of household appliances according to claim 1, characterized in that; The vibrating feeding assembly (1) comprises a vibrating support (101), and a vibrating screen (103) is arranged on the vibrating support (101); and a rubber spring (105) is arranged between the vibrating support (101) and the vibrating screen (103).

3. The multi-stage sorting apparatus for broken and mixed materials of household appliances according to claim 2, characterized in that; The vibrating screen (103) is connected with a vibrating motor (102).

4. The multi-stage sorting apparatus for broken and mixed materials of household appliances according to claim 3, characterized in that; The vibrating screen (103) is arranged in an inclined mode on the vibrating support (101), one end of the vibrating screen (103) is connected with a first air lock valve (2), and a protective cover (104) is arranged above the connection position of the vibrating screen (103) and the first air lock valve (2).

5. The multi-stage sorting apparatus for broken and mixed materials of household appliances according to claim 4, characterized in that; The first air lock valve (2) comprises a first air lock shell (201), a first fan blade (203) is arranged in the first air lock shell (201), the first fan blade (203) is connected with a first motor (202), the contact position of the first fan blade (203) and the first air lock shell (201) is made of rubber, and the first fan blade (203) is driven by the motor (202) to form a dynamic air lock, so that the first air lock shell (201) is divided into two parts which are not communicated with each other.

6. The multi-stage sorting apparatus for broken and mixed materials of household appliances according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that; A second air lock valve (301) is arranged at the lower end of the Z-type sorting machine (3), a third air lock valve (501) is arranged at the lower end of the first distributing cyclone (5), and a fourth air lock valve (601) is arranged at the lower end of the second distributing cyclone (6). The second air lock valve (301), the third air lock valve (501) and the fourth air lock valve (601) are identical in structure.

7. The multi-stage sorting apparatus for broken and mixed materials of household appliances according to claim 6, characterized in that; The second air lock valve (301) comprises a second air lock shell (3012), a second fan blade (3013) is arranged in the second air lock shell (3012), the second fan blade (3013) is connected with a second motor (3011), and the contact position of the second fan blade (3013) and the second air lock shell (3012) is made of rubber, so that the contact position of the inner wall of the second air lock shell (3012) and the second fan blade (3013) is in a sealed state.

8. The multi-stage sorting apparatus for broken and mixed materials of household appliances according to claim 1, characterized in that; An air valve (7) is arranged between the Z-type sorting machine (3) and the first distributing cyclone (5), and the air valve (7) is used for adjusting the air volume in the equipment and then adjusting the sorting speed.

9. The multi-stage sorting apparatus for broken and mixed materials of household appliances according to claim 8, characterized in that; The air valve (7) comprises a valve pipe (701), the valve pipe (701) is inserted with a valve plate (702), and the valve plate (702) can adjust the opening size of the valve pipe (701).

10. The multi-stage sorting apparatus for broken and mixed materials of household appliances according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 7 to 9, characterized in that; The Z-type sorting machine (3) is connected with the second material distribution cyclone (6) through a first pipeline (8), and the first pipeline (8) is a circular elbow pipe; the first material distribution cyclone (5) is connected with the second material distribution cyclone (6) through a second pipeline (9); The vibration feeding assembly (1), the Z-type sorting machine (3), the first material distribution cyclone (5) and the second material distribution cyclone (6) are all arranged on a cage frame body (10), the cage frame body (10) is provided with a platform (10B), a guardrail (10C) is arranged around the platform (10B), and a ladder (10A) is arranged on one side of the platform (10B).

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