River crab culture water quality monitoring device based on LoRa communication

Abstract

The utility model relates to a river crab culture water quality monitoring device based on LoRa communication, which comprises a solar panel, a control box, a buoy, a water quality sensor, a filter screen and a rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle, the solar panel is arranged at the top of the control box, the solar panel is connected with a lithium battery through a solar controller, the buoy is arranged at the bottom of the control box, and the water quality sensor is connected with the filter screen through the rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle. The top of the buoy is provided with a fixing hook, the bottom of the filter screen is provided with a counterweight mass block, the bottom of the counterweight mass block is connected with a sinker through an anchor chain, the water quality sensor is installed at the bottom of the buoy, the filter screen is arranged on the outer side of the water quality sensor, and a rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle is arranged in the filter screen. And the water quality sensor is in communication connection with the main control chip. The system has the advantages that through solar power supply optimization, buoy anchoring design, filter screen self-cleaning and LoRa communication, low-cost, low-power-consumption and high-precision monitoring of river crab culture water quality is achieved, and the system is suitable for large-area pond water quality management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of Internet of Things wireless communication technology, specifically relating to a water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of agricultural modernization and wireless sensor network technology, scientific solutions have been provided for water quality monitoring in crab aquaculture. Currently, most factory farming models use wireless communication technologies such as Zigbee, WiFi, and GPRS for water quality monitoring. However, for large-scale pond aquaculture areas, these technologies suffer from drawbacks such as small data collection range, high cost, and poor real-time performance.

[0003] LoRa features long-range operation, low power consumption, and low cost. It is also a flexible self-organizing network suitable for large-scale aquaculture scenarios, providing a new solution for monitoring aquaculture environments.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication to solve the problems of short communication distance and high power consumption of traditional monitoring systems.

[0005] In addition, during crab farming, the water flow is slow and the water contains impurities such as aquatic plants, duckweed, and silt. These impurities can enter the sensor and affect the accuracy of sampling. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing detection systems, such as short communication distance and high power consumption, by proposing a water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication, including a solar panel, a control box, a buoy, a water quality sensor, a filter screen, and a rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle. The solar panel is located on the top of the control box and is connected to a lithium battery via a solar controller. The buoy is located at the bottom of the control box and has a fixed hook at its top. The filter screen has a counterweight at its bottom, and the counterweight is connected to an anchor via an anchor chain. The water quality sensor is installed at the bottom of the buoy, and a filter screen is located outside the water quality sensor. A rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle is located inside the filter screen. The water quality sensor is communicatively connected to a main control chip.

[0008] This invention employs a filter screen installed around the water quality sensor to prevent impurities and solid particles in the water from entering the sensor. Furthermore, a rotating high-pressure flushing nozzle inside the filter screen washes the screen, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the sensor.

[0009] The present invention further adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] Preferably, the control box is equipped with a main control chip, a LoRa module, a solar controller, a satellite signal receiving module, a water pump, and a power supply module. The LoRa module and the satellite signal receiving module are respectively connected to the main control chip via a USART serial port, and the LoRa module is connected to an antenna installed on the outer wall of the control box.

[0011] Preferably, the power module includes a lithium battery and a voltage regulator module. The input terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the battery, and the output terminal is connected to the main control chip, a LoRa module, a satellite signal receiving module, a water pump, a pressure sensor, and a water quality sensor. The water quality data collected by the water quality sensor is remotely transmitted to the monitoring platform via the LoRa module.

[0012] Preferably, the rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle is connected to the output end of a water pump, and the input end of the water pump is connected to the flushing water source through a sampling pipe. The flushing water pressure range of the rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle is 0.5-1.2 MPa.

[0013] In this way, the rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle is driven by a water pump in the control box, and the flushing frequency is dynamically adjusted in conjunction with a pressure sensor to clean the filter screen at regular intervals.

[0014] Preferably, the core chip of the LoRa module is the SX1276, which supports linear spread spectrum modulation technology and has a maximum communication distance of ≥5km. A through-hole is provided on the right side wall of the control box, through which the antenna is mounted, and the LoRa module is connected to the antenna via a wire.

[0015] Preferably, the counterweight is in the shape of a disc.

[0016] The counterweight is made of stainless steel, the anchor is made of concrete, the weight is ≥10kg, and the anchor chain length is 1.2-1.8 times the water depth.

[0017] Preferably, the water quality sensor includes a dissolved oxygen sensor, a temperature sensor, a pH sensor, and a turbidity sensor, which can detect water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and turbidity. A central hole is provided in the middle of the buoy, and the dissolved oxygen sensor, temperature sensor, pH sensor, and turbidity sensor are connected to the main control chip through a communication line passing through the central hole of the buoy.

[0018] Preferably, the pressure sensor is connected to the main control chip via a communication line passing through the center hole of the buoy.

[0019] In this way, the pressure sensor can monitor the water flow resistance outside the filter screen in real time. When the resistance threshold exceeds the set value, the main control chip can trigger an emergency flushing program when the limit is exceeded.

[0020] Preferably, the solar panel is fixed to the top of the control box at an angle of 15°-30° and achieves maximum power point tracking (MPPT) through a solar controller, with a conversion efficiency of ≥95%.

[0021] Preferably, the centers of the counterweight, filter screen, buoy, anchor, and control box are on the same vertical line.

[0022] This ensures the balance of the entire water quality monitoring device within the water body.

[0023] The advantages of this invention are that it achieves low-cost, low-power, and high-precision monitoring of water quality in crab farming through solar power optimization, buoy anchoring design, self-cleaning filter, and LoRa communication, making it suitable for large-area pond water quality management. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control box in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the monitoring system in this utility model.

[0028] Figure 4 This is the schematic diagram of the minimum system circuit of the STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller in this utility model.

[0029] Figure 5 This is the circuit diagram of the voltage regulator module in this utility model.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the LoRa module and satellite signal receiving module in this utility model.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Solar panel; 2. Control box; 3. Filter screen; 4. Sampling tube; 5. Counterweight block; 6. Anchor chain; 7. Fixed support; 8. Antenna; 9. Through hole; 10. Fixed hook; 11. Buoy; 12. Pressure sensor; 13. Rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle; 14. Water quality sensor; 15. Fixing bolt hole; 16. Anchor; 17. Lithium battery; 18. Water pump; 19. Main control chip; 20. Printed circuit board; 21. Voltage regulator module; 22. LoRa module; 23. Satellite signal receiving module; 24. Solar controller. Detailed Implementation Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, a water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication includes a solar panel 1, a control box 2, a filter screen 3, a counterweight block 5, a buoy 11, a rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle 13, and a water quality sensor 14. The solar panel 1 is a 12V / 30W monocrystalline photovoltaic panel. The solar panel 1 is mounted on the top of the control box 2 at an angle of 15°-30° via four fixed supports 7 (two long and two short), which are installed at the four corners of the square solar panel 1 to ensure stability and optimal illumination angle. The solar panel 1 is connected to a solar controller 24 located inside the control box 2. The solar controller 24 integrates an MPPT module and an overcharge protection circuit, and is responsible for effectively managing the power supply through maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology, converting solar energy into electrical energy. The output of the solar controller 24 is connected to a lithium battery 17, continuously charging the lithium battery 17 when there is sufficient sunlight. A through-hole 9 is opened on the right side wall of the control box 2, and the solar panel 1 and the solar controller 24 are connected by a wire passing through the through-hole 9, thereby achieving efficient electrical energy conversion. A buoy 11 is installed at the bottom of the control box 2. A fixed hook 10 is located at each of the top two ends of the buoy 11. A water quality sensor 14 is installed at the bottom of the buoy 11. A cylindrical filter screen 3 is installed on the outside of the water quality sensor 14. A counterweight block 5 is located at the bottom of the filter screen 3. The center of the bottom of the counterweight block 5 is connected to a sinking anchor 16 via an anchor chain 6. The sinking anchor 16 is made of concrete and weighs ≥10kg. The length of the anchor chain 6 is 1.5 times the water depth, forming a three-point anchoring structure of "two hooks at the top + sinking anchor at the bottom," achieving a wave resistance level of 6. A rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle 13 is installed inside the filter screen 3. This nozzle is driven by a water pump 18 inside the control box 2. The high-pressure water flow direction of the nozzle is from the inside out. Combined with the cylindrical filter screen structure, it can provide all-around flushing of the filter screen 3 to remove aquatic plants, silt, and other impurities attached to the filter screen 3. A pressure sensor 12 is fixed to the outside of the filter screen 3 to monitor the water flow resistance on the outside of the filter screen 3 in real time. When the resistance exceeds 200Pa, the main control chip 19 triggers an emergency flushing program, controlling the rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle 13 to perform high-pressure flushing on the filter screen 3. The input end of the water pump 18 is connected to the cleaning water source through the sampling pipe 4, and the output end is connected to the rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle 13. The pressure sensor 12 and the water quality sensor 14 are connected to the main control chip 19 in the control box 2 through an RS485 communication line. The pressure data near the filter screen 3 collected by the pressure sensor 12 and the water quality data collected by the water quality sensor 14 are remotely transmitted to the monitoring and management platform through the LoRa module 22.Solar panel 1 was purchased from Yangzhou Dongyu Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd., with parameters of 30W / 12V; lithium battery 17 was purchased from Hongxing Energy Technology Co., Ltd., with parameters of 12V 20Ah; water pump 18 was purchased from Weifang Dedong E-commerce Co., Ltd., with parameters of 12V; rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle 13 adopted a 4-point (1 / 2) internal spiral three-head 40-degree automatic rotating cleaning nozzle from Shenzhen Chengyuanda Spray Purification Equipment Co., Ltd., with a material of 304 stainless steel; solar controller 24 adopted a 12V / 30A solar controller from Yangzhou Dongyu Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

[0033] like Figure 2As shown, the control box 2 contains a power module, a main control chip 19, a printed circuit board 20, a LoRa module 22, a satellite signal receiving module 23, and a water pump 18. The power module, main control chip 19, LoRa module 22, satellite signal receiving module 23, and solar controller 24 are all mounted on the printed circuit board 20. The printed circuit board 20 is an expansion based on the minimum system circuit of the main control chip 19, and includes peripherals such as the LoRa module 22, satellite signal receiving module 23, power module, water pump 18, pressure sensor 12, and water quality sensor 14. The main control chip 19 uses an STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller from Jiaxing Zeyi Electronics Co., Ltd. The minimum system of the STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller mainly consists of a clock circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, a button reset circuit, and a BOOT startup mode selection circuit, and is supplied with 3.3V DC voltage by the power module. The power supply module includes a lithium battery 17 and a voltage regulator module 21. The lithium battery 17 is a 12V / 20Ah polymer battery used by the water pump 18. The voltage regulator module 21 uses either the RT7272BGSP module from Shenzhen Xindeli Technology Co., Ltd. or the AMS117-3.3 module from Jiaxing Zeyi Electronics Co., Ltd. The core of the voltage regulator module 21 is the RT7272B current-mode buck regulator, which can reduce the voltage from 12V to 5V for use by the pressure sensor 12 and the water quality sensor 14. The AMS117-3.3 chip is then used to convert the 5V voltage to 3.3V for use by the main control chip 19. The LoRa module 22 is connected to the STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller via USART serial port 3, and the satellite signal receiving module 23 is connected to the STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller via USART serial port 2. The satellite signal receiving module 23 is a GPS module, using the NEO-6M module from Jiaxing Zeyi Electronics Co., Ltd. The satellite signal receiving module 23 is used to determine the position of the buoy 11 to keep it within a specified range and monitor the water quality of different crab ponds. The STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller is connected to the water quality sensor 14 via an RS485 interface to realize the positioning of the water quality monitoring node and the collection, processing, and transmission of the aquaculture water condition data. The LoRa module 22 uses the ATK-LORA-01 module from Guangzhou Xingyi Electronics Technology Co., Ltd. The core chip of the LoRa module 22 is SX1276, which supports linear spread spectrum modulation technology and has a maximum communication distance of ≥5km. The LoRa module 22 is connected to the external antenna 8 through the through hole 9 on the right side wall of the control box 2. The antenna 8 is installed at the through hole 9. The LoRa module 22 and the antenna 8 are connected by a wire to realize the remote data transmission function.The input terminal of the voltage regulator module 21 is connected to the lithium battery 17, and the output terminal is connected to the main control chip 19, LoRa module 22, satellite signal receiving module 23, water pump 18, pressure sensor 12, and water quality sensor 14, respectively. The pressure sensor 12 is a 0-0.5MPa 12V / 4-20mA high-precision pressure sensor from Foshan Shunde Zhongjiang Energy Saving Electronics Co., Ltd., model HK18-A16C. The water quality sensor 14 includes a dissolved oxygen sensor, a temperature sensor, a pH sensor, and a turbidity sensor (the pressure sensor 12, dissolved oxygen sensor, temperature sensor, pH sensor, and turbidity sensor are all common products on the market, and their specific structures will not be described here). A central hole running vertically through the middle of the buoy 11 is provided. The built-in RS485 interfaces of the pressure sensor 12, dissolved oxygen sensor, temperature sensor, pH sensor, and turbidity sensor are connected to the main control chip 19 through a communication line passing through the central hole of the buoy.

[0034] The buoy 11 is a flattened cylindrical shape made of high-density polyethylene. It employs a three-point anchoring structure, forming a stable three-point support system through the cooperation of fixed hooks 10, anchor chains 6, and a sinking anchor 16. The fixed hooks 10 at both ends of the top of the buoy 11 are made of 316 stainless steel with a galvanized rust-proof surface. The bottom center of the buoy 11 is connected to the sinking anchor 16 via the anchor chain 6, which is a nylon-coated steel wire rope with an adjustable length according to water depth. The sinking anchor 16 is a concrete structure weighing ≥10kg, with a tapered bottom design to enhance grip. The fixed hooks 10 connect the buoy 11 to the shore or fixed facilities via ropes or steel cables, effectively ensuring the balance of the buoy 11 and its fixed position, thereby ensuring that the solar panel 1 and water quality sensor 14 can be maintained in suitable working positions. The sinking anchor 16 is fixed to the bottom of the water, further enhancing the stability of the buoy 11.

[0035] In addition, the filter screen 3 is cylindrical and has a rotating high-pressure flushing nozzle 13 inside. Water is pumped by the pump 18 through the sampling pipe 4 to clean the filter screen 3 and other equipment. The bottom of the filter screen 3 is equipped with a counterweight block 5, which is made of stainless steel with good corrosion resistance. The bottom of the filter screen 3 has fixing bolt holes, and fixing bolts are installed in the fixing bolt holes. The filter screen 3 is fixedly connected to the counterweight block 5 by fixing bolts. The counterweight block 5 is disc-shaped, and the centers of the counterweight block 5, filter screen 3, flushing nozzle 11, buoy 10, control box 2, solar panel 1, and anchor 16 are on the same vertical line. At the same time, the lithium battery 17, pump 18, main control chip 19, voltage regulator module 21, LoRa module 22, satellite signal receiving module 23, and solar controller 24 inside the control box 2 are evenly arranged around this vertical line. The dissolved oxygen sensor, temperature sensor, pH sensor, and turbidity sensor are also evenly arranged around this vertical line to ensure that the entire device remains balanced and stable in the water.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, the IoT system architecture design of the crab farming water quality monitoring device based on LoRa communication of this utility model includes three parts: data acquisition terminal, wireless gateway and server. The main control chip 19 of the data acquisition terminal is connected to the main controller of the wireless gateway through LoRa module 22, and the main controller of the wireless gateway is connected to the server through WiFi communication module.

[0037] Specifically, the data acquisition terminal is a water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication. This device realizes data communication between the acquisition node and the gateway node through the LoRa module 22. It is mainly responsible for collecting water quality data at regular intervals (or when receiving instructions from the gateway) and sending it to its own gateway through the LoRa module 22.

[0038] Specifically, the wireless gateway node uses an STM32F103 microcontroller as the main controller to aggregate the data received by the LoRa module 22 from multiple nodes and upload it to the server through the WiFi wireless communication module, enabling the WiFi module to connect to the cloud platform and realize data communication between the gateway node and the monitoring node.

[0039] Specifically, the server, as the control core of the network, is responsible for authenticating and managing subordinate access devices, collecting and organizing data uploaded by different gateways, and sending the processed data to the monitoring terminal. Users can log in to the monitoring terminal to keep track of aquaculture water quality data at any time, assess water quality in real time, and provide timely warnings or emergency assessments for possible pollution or major accidents.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller, along with the clock circuit, crystal oscillator circuit, button reset circuit, and BOOT startup mode selection circuit, constitute the minimum system.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the voltage regulator module mainly consists of an RT7272B and an AMS117-3.3 voltage regulator chip. The input of the RT7272B voltage regulator chip is connected to the output of the lithium battery, and its output provides a 5V voltage to the pressure sensor 12 and the water quality sensor 14. The input of the AMS117-3.3 voltage regulator chip is connected to the 5V voltage output by the RT7272B, and its output provides a 3.3V voltage to the main control chip 19.

[0042] like Figure 6As shown, both LoRa module 22 and satellite signal receiving module 23 are integrated modules, requiring a voltage of 3.3V. Pins 1 and 2 of LoRa module 22 are used to set the working mode, and pins 3 and 4 are connected to the USART serial port 3 of the main control chip 19 for transmitting and receiving data. Pins 2 and 3 of satellite signal receiving module 23 are connected to the USART serial port 2 of the main control chip 19 for transmitting and receiving data.

[0043] In actual use, after the main control chip 19 receives instructions from the wireless gateway at regular intervals or via the LoRa module, it controls the water quality sensor 14 to collect water quality information of the crab farming water, including dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and turbidity. The water quality sensor 14 works, collects data such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and turbidity in the crab farming water, and uploads the data to the main control chip 19. The main control chip 19 transmits the collected information to the main controller of the wireless gateway via the LoRa module 22. The main controller then transmits the collected water quality information to the server via the WiFi communication module. The server communicates with the monitoring and management platform, making it convenient for users to query the water quality data of aquaculture. At the same time, after the main control chip 19 receives a signal from the pressure sensor 12 at regular intervals or via the LoRa module 23, it can control the water pump 18 to draw water through the collection pipe 4. The rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle 13 works to spray a high-pressure water flow of 0.5-1.2MPa to flush the filter screen 3 360° without dead angles, which can effectively clean the impurities attached to the filter screen 3. The main control chip 19, in conjunction with the pressure sensor 12, controls the rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle 13 to clean the filter screen 3 at regular intervals. This helps prevent the accumulation of impurities and avoids the problem of incomplete rinsing due to excessive impurities. When the filter screen 3 becomes clogged and the rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle 13 cannot clean it properly, impurities affect the water flow and enter the filter screen 3 for detection. At this time, the water quality and / or pressure data received by the monitoring and management platform will be abnormal, requiring manual maintenance of the equipment. This involves manually removing the water quality monitoring device and replacing the filter screen 3 to extend the service life of the water quality monitoring device.

[0044] In addition, before being put into use, the lithium battery 17 is fully charged by an external power source to meet the power requirements for the operation of the equipment. That is, the power stored in the lithium battery itself can meet the power demand of the entire monitoring device. The power converted by the solar panel 1 is only a supplement to the lithium battery 17, not the only power source. The main function of the solar panel 1 is to convert the collected light energy into electrical energy and send it to the lithium battery for storage in order to extend the battery's battery life.

[0045] The LoRa module 22 used in this invention has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption and long transmission distance, which can well meet the water quality monitoring needs of ordinary crab farming.

[0046] Compared to traditional water quality monitoring systems, this utility model's water quality monitoring device utilizes LoRa IoT communication technology, offering longer communication distances and lower costs. Furthermore, the microcontroller integrates data collection and processing, resulting in a compact, simple, and practical overall structure.

[0047] The communication module provided by this utility model, compared with common water quality monitoring systems, adopts the linear modulation spread spectrum technology of LoRa module, which has better robustness to narrowband interference, multipath fading and Doppler effect, and can achieve long-distance and high-reliability transmission.

[0048] In addition to the embodiments described above, this utility model may have other implementations. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication, characterized in that: The system includes a solar panel, a control box, a buoy, a water quality sensor, a filter screen, and a rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle. The solar panel is located on the top of the control box and is connected to a lithium battery via a solar controller. The buoy is located at the bottom of the control box and has a fixed hook at its top. The filter screen has a counterweight at its bottom, which is connected to an anchor via an anchor chain. The water quality sensor is installed at the bottom of the buoy, and a filter screen is located outside the water quality sensor. A rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle is located inside the filter screen. The water quality sensor is communicatively connected to the main control chip inside the control box.

2. The water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control box contains a main control chip, a solar controller, a LoRa module, a satellite signal receiving module, a water pump, and a power supply module. The LoRa module and the satellite signal receiving module are connected to the main control chip via a USART serial port, and the LoRa module is connected to an antenna mounted on the outer wall of the control box.

3. The water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power module includes a lithium battery and a voltage regulator module. The input terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the lithium battery, and the output terminal is connected to the main control chip, LoRa module, satellite signal receiving module, water pump, pressure sensor and water quality sensor respectively.

4. The water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle is connected to the output end of the water pump, and the input end of the water pump is connected to the flushing water source through a sampling pipe. The flushing water pressure range of the rotary high-pressure flushing nozzle is 0.5-1.2MPa.

5. The water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication according to claim 2, characterized in that: The core chip of the LoRa module is SX1276. A through hole is opened on the right side wall of the control box, the antenna is installed in the through hole, and the LoRa module is connected to the antenna through a wire.

6. The water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight mass block is disc-shaped.

7. The water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water quality sensor includes a dissolved oxygen sensor, a temperature sensor, a pH sensor, and a turbidity sensor. A central hole is provided in the middle of the buoy, and the dissolved oxygen sensor, temperature sensor, pH sensor, and turbidity sensor are connected to the main control chip through a communication line passing through the central hole of the buoy.

8. The water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure sensor is connected to the main control chip via a communication line that passes through the center hole of the buoy.

9. The water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar panel is fixed to the top of the control box at an angle of 15°-30°.

10. The water quality monitoring device for crab farming based on LoRa communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centers of the counterweight, filter screen, buoy, anchor, and control box are all on the same vertical line.

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