L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure

Abstract

The utility model provides an L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure, which comprises an equal power division feed network, a first patch antenna, a second patch antenna, a first grid plate and a second grid plate, and is characterized in that V-shaped grooves are formed in the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna; the equal-power-division feed network is located below the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna and connected with the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna through metal columns respectively, and the first grid plate and the second grid plate are suspended above the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna respectively. On the basis of the slot antenna, the number of ports required by the system is changed from two to one by using the equal power division feed network, so that the complexity of system connection is reduced. Meanwhile, by adopting the two patch antennas provided with the V-shaped grooves, the antenna gain is improved from 8dBi-9dBi to 11dBi-12dBi under the condition of ensuring that the azimuth plane beam width is greater than 80 degrees, and the requirements of low cost, high gain, wide beam and easiness in processing are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and more particularly relates to an L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] High-gain, wide-beam, and low-cost microwave antenna design has always played an important role in the field of communication and radar. Especially for the needs of outdoor radar, the corresponding transceiver antenna needs to meet the coverage of a certain distance and angle, that is, wide beam, high gain, and the like. At the same time, low profile, low cost, and easy processing are also problems that should be considered in the practical application of radar antennas.

[0003] Among the common L-band low-profile antennas, microstrip patch antennas are favored due to their compatibility with circuit board technology and easy processing, but the bandwidth is very narrow. By introducing a notch in the probe-fed patch on the substrate, a wider bandwidth can be achieved. The gain of a single notched antenna is generally 8dBi~9dBi. In order to improve the gain, two notched antennas are usually used as an antenna array, at this time the feed port becomes two, which increases the complexity of the system. Other types of low-profile microstrip antennas and low-profile dipole antennas are high in cost and complex in processing. Therefore, it is urgent to design a wide-beam, high-gain, and low-cost antenna that meets the bandwidth requirements and is single-port fed. SUMMARY

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is: an L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure is provided, comprising an equal-power-division feed network, a first patch antenna, a second patch antenna, a first grid plate, and a second grid plate. V-shaped notches are formed on the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna. The equal-power-division feed network is located below the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna and is connected to the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna through metal columns, respectively. The first grid plate and the second grid plate are suspended above the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna, respectively.

[0005] Optionally, the strip line structure of the equal-power-division feed network is a symmetrical structure.

[0006] Optionally, the equal-power-division feed network comprises a first metal floor, a T-shaped metal plate and a second metal floor arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the first metal floor and the second metal floor are of the same structure, the T-shaped metal plate is of a left-right symmetrical structure, the T-shaped metal plate is provided with a feed port and is connected with the first metal floor through the feed port, both ends of the T-shaped metal plate are connected with a first metal column and a second metal column, the second metal floor is provided with an avoiding hole with a diameter larger than the first metal column and the second metal column, and the first metal column and the second metal column pass through the avoiding hole and are connected with the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna respectively.

[0007] Optionally, upper ends of the metal columns are connected to middle parts of the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna respectively.

[0008] Optionally, the equal-power-division feed network comprises an input main path and first and second output branches symmetrically arranged on both sides of the input main path; the T-shaped metal plate is integrally formed by a first rectangular metal plate, a second rectangular metal plate, a third rectangular metal plate, a fourth rectangular metal plate, a fifth rectangular metal plate and a sixth rectangular metal plate; the first rectangular metal plate and the second rectangular metal plate constitute the input main path, and the first rectangular metal plate is connected with a probe inside the feed port; the third rectangular metal plate and the fifth rectangular metal plate constitute the first output branch, one end of the third rectangular metal plate is connected with the second rectangular metal plate, the other end is connected with the fifth rectangular metal plate, and the first metal column is connected with the fifth rectangular metal plate; the fourth rectangular metal plate and the sixth rectangular metal plate constitute the second output branch, one end of the fourth rectangular metal plate is connected with the second rectangular metal plate, the other end is connected with the sixth rectangular metal plate, and the second metal column is connected with the sixth rectangular metal plate.

[0009] Optionally, the first grid plate and the second grid plate are both rectangular metal aluminum plates, and a plurality of rectangular notches are arranged at equal intervals on the first grid plate and the second grid plate.

[0010] Optionally, the T-shaped metal plate is suspended between the first metal floor and the second metal floor.

[0011] Optionally, the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna are both rectangular, the V-shaped groove is symmetrical about the center axis of the wide side of the first patch antenna or the second patch antenna, and the slot arm of the V-shaped groove has an included angle with the direction of the symmetry axis.

[0012] Optionally, the first grid plate and the second grid plate are both rectangular and symmetrical about the center axis of the wide side and the center axis of the long side thereof.

[0013] Optionally, the equal-power-division feed network, the first patch antenna, the second patch antenna, the first grid plate and the second grid plate are fixed by nylon screws.

[0014] Optionally, the equal-power-division feed network, the first patch antenna, the second patch antenna, the first grid plate and the second grid plate are all made of aluminum.

[0015] The L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the application has the advantages that, compared with the prior art, the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure is processed by using an aluminum plate on the basis of a slotted antenna, the number of ports required by the system is changed from two to one by using an equal-power-division feed network, and the complexity of system connection is reduced. Meanwhile, two patch antennas provided with V-shaped slots are used to improve the antenna gain from 8dBi-9dBi to 11dBi-12dBi under the condition that the azimuth plane beam width is greater than 80°, and compared with a traditional microstrip antenna, the aluminum antenna has low cost, low processing difficulty, and realizes the requirements of low cost, high gain, wide beam and easy processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor under the premise of these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the application is shown in the figure.

[0018] Figure 2 The explosion schematic diagram of the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the application is shown in the figure.

[0019] Figure 3 The cross-sectional schematic diagram of the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the application is shown in the figure.

[0020] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of the T-shaped metal plate in the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the application is shown in the figure.

[0021] Figure 5 The internal structure three-dimensional perspective view of the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the application is shown in the figure.

[0022] Figure 6 The top perspective view of the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the application is shown in the figure.

[0023] Figure 7A right perspective view of the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8 A front perspective view of the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 9 An antenna port voltage standing wave ratio result diagram provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0026] Figure 10 An antenna elevation plane and azimuth plane radiation pattern provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 11 An antenna azimuth plane pattern at 1.2GHz, 1.3GHz, 1.4GHz frequency points provided by the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0028] In the drawings, various reference signs represent:

[0029] 1, first grid plate; 2, first patch antenna; 3, second grid plate; 4, second patch antenna; 5, first metal ground plate; 6, second metal ground plate; 7, T-shaped metal plate; 71, first rectangular metal plate; 72, second rectangular metal plate; 73, third rectangular metal plate; 74, fourth rectangular metal plate; 75, fifth rectangular metal plate; 76, sixth rectangular metal plate; 8, first metal column; 9, second metal column; 10, feed port; 11, V-shaped groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the technical problems to be solved by the present application, the technical solutions and beneficial effects clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.

[0031] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used to facilitate the description of the present application and simplify the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0033] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or an ordered ranking of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1-8 The L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described.

[0035] Please refer to Figures 1-4 The present application provides an L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure, which comprises a first grid plate 1, a first patch antenna 2, a second grid plate 3, a second patch antenna 4, a first metal ground plate 5, a second metal ground plate 6, a T-shaped metal plate 7, a first metal column 8 and a second metal column 9. The T-shaped metal plate 7 is suspended between the first metal ground plate 5 and the second metal ground plate 6, and is connected to the first metal ground plate 5 through an internal probe of a feed port 10. The T-shaped metal plate 7, the first metal ground plate 5 and the second metal ground plate 6 form an equal power division feeding network. The upper surfaces of the left and right sides of the T-shaped metal plate 7 are connected to the first metal column 8 and the second metal column 9. The first metal column 8 is connected to the first patch antenna 2, and the second metal column 9 is connected to the second patch antenna 4. Therefore, the first patch antenna 2 and the second patch antenna 4 are both suspended above the second metal ground plate 6. The first grid plate 1 is suspended above the first patch antenna 2, and the second grid plate 3 is suspended above the second patch antenna 4. In actual application, nylon screws can be used to fix the positions and structures of the layers. Alternatively, other structures can also be used to fix the positions of the layers, which are not limited by the present application.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the first grid plate 1, the first patch antenna 2, the second grid plate 3, the second patch antenna 4, the first metal ground plate 5, the second metal ground plate 6, the T-shaped metal plate 7, the first metal column 8 and the second metal column 9 are all made of metal aluminum. In other embodiments of the present application, other materials can also be used, which are not limited by the present application.

[0037] The application adopts a power division feeding network to change the port number of two antennas to one, which improves the overall gain while ensuring the beam width of the antenna azimuth plane. The metal column connects the T-shaped metal plate 7 and the patch antenna provided with the V-shaped slot 11 to realize equal power division feeding. The grid aluminum plate suspended above the patch antenna can further widen the radiation beam width of the antenna. The patch antenna is characterized by using a ground substrate, coaxial feeding and a metal aluminum rectangular patch. A slot similar to a V-shaped notch is cut on the patch, and the slot arms are arranged at an angle relative to the center line of the length direction of the patch. The metal column is located at the center of the width of the patch antenna and close to the center in the length direction. The metal column is the part connecting the T-shaped metal plate 7, the first patch antenna 2, the second patch antenna 4 and the air. The air layer can increase the impedance bandwidth, but at the cost of power loss due to the introduction of surface waves by the substrate. A longer metal column will cause a larger inductance and lose bandwidth, so the influence can be reduced by optimizing the V-shaped slot 11. The angle of the slot to the center line mainly affects the low end of the frequency band. Increasing the angle will expand the bandwidth, but the center frequency will appear impedance mismatch. Reducing the length of the slot will affect the matching and bandwidth of the high frequency end.

[0038] Referring to Figure 3 In some embodiments of the application, the T-shaped metal plate 7 is a left-right symmetric structure. Referring to Figure 5 The feeding port 10 is located below the T-shaped metal plate 7, and the power distribution to the first patch antenna 2 and the second patch antenna 4 is realized through the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the T-shaped metal plate 7, the first metal column 8 and the second metal column 9. The left-right symmetric structure of the T-shaped metal plate 7 can ensure equal power distribution and avoid the radiation direction of the antenna as a whole from deviating. Referring to Figures 1-2 The first grid plate 1 and the second grid plate 3 can further stimulate the radiation field downward, so that the beam width of the antenna as a whole is larger, and the structure is simple and easy to install.

[0039] Referring to Figures 5-6 In the embodiments of the application, the first patch antenna 2 and the second patch antenna 4 are both rectangular metal aluminum patches, and a slot similar to a V-shaped notch is arranged on the metal aluminum patch. In this embodiment, the V-shaped slot 11 is a variant of the U-shaped slot, and the slot arms are arranged at an angle relative to the center line of the length direction of the patch. Compared with the U-shaped slot, the V-shaped slot 11 has a wider bandwidth and can realize a relative bandwidth of nearly 38%. The length of the first patch antenna 2 and the second patch antenna 4 affects the center resonant frequency, and the width affects the resonant depth of the antenna frequency.

[0040] Referring to Figures 3-8 In the embodiments of the application, the T-shaped metal plate 7 is integrally formed by six first rectangular metal plates 71, second rectangular metal plates 72, third rectangular metal plates 73, fourth rectangular metal plates 74, fifth rectangular metal plates 75 and sixth rectangular metal plates 76 with different lengths and widths. Referring to Figure 4The first rectangular metal plate 71 and the second rectangular metal plate 72 form an input main branch, the first rectangular metal plate 71 is connected with a probe inside the feeding port 10; the third rectangular metal plate 73 and the fifth rectangular metal plate 75 form a first output branch, one end of the third rectangular metal plate 73 is connected with the second rectangular metal plate 72, and the other end is connected with the fifth rectangular metal plate 75, the first metal column 8 is connected with the fifth rectangular metal plate 75; the fourth rectangular metal plate 74 and the sixth rectangular metal plate 76 form a second output branch, one end of the fourth rectangular metal plate 74 is connected with the second rectangular metal plate 72, and the other end is connected with the sixth rectangular metal plate 76, the second metal column 9 is connected with the sixth rectangular metal plate 76. The third rectangular metal plate 73, the fourth rectangular metal plate 74, the fifth rectangular metal plate 75 and the sixth rectangular metal plate 76 are symmetric about the center, the first rectangular metal plate 71 and the second rectangular metal plate 72 form a combined branch, the feeding port 10 of the whole antenna structure is connected, the width W and the length L of the rectangle can be adjusted to realize impedance matching with the feeding port 10, and the values of W2 and L2 have the greatest influence on impedance matching.

[0041] Referring to Figures 1-4 In the embodiment of the present application, the first grid plate 1 and the second grid plate 3 are both rectangular metal aluminum plates, and five strip-shaped notches are arranged thereon, the five strip-shaped notches are distributed at equal intervals and are symmetric about the central axis, and each notch is provided with a chamfer for facilitating processing. In other embodiments of the present application, the number of strip-shaped notches can also be six, seven or the like, which is not limited in the present application.

[0042] Referring to Figures 5-8 In the embodiment of the present application, the relative position of the feeding port 10 and the T-shaped metal plate 7 is fixed, and adjusting the relative position can realize impedance matching at different frequency points.

[0043] Referring to Figure 7 In the embodiment of the present application, the height between the second metal ground plate 6 and the first metal ground plate 5 is H1; the height between the first patch antenna 2 and the second patch antenna 4 and the second metal ground plate 6 is equal, which is H2; the height between the first grid plate 1 and the first patch antenna 2 and the height between the second grid plate 3 and the second patch antenna 4 are equal, which is H3; adjusting H1, H2 and H3 can change the radiation performance and bandwidth of the antenna.

[0044] Referring to Figures 5-6 In the embodiment of the present application, the first metal column 8 and the second metal column 9 pass through the second metal ground plate 6, so that the second metal ground plate 6 is provided with a circular notch with a diameter larger than that of the metal column near the position where the first metal column 8 and the second metal column 9 pass through, so as to facilitate the connection of the first metal column 8 and the T-shaped metal plate 7 and the first patch antenna 2, and facilitate the connection of the second metal column 9 and the T-shaped metal plate 7 and the second patch antenna 4.

[0045] In the embodiments of the present application, the thicknesses of the first grid plate 1, the first patch antenna 2, the second grid plate 3, the second patch antenna 4, the first metal ground plate 5, the second metal ground plate 6 and the T-shaped metal plate 7 can be adjusted according to actual engineering applications, and the present application is not limited.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, the first metal column 8 and the second metal column 9 are cylindrical bodies with equal diameters and equal heights.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present application, the relative positions of the first metal column 8, the first grid plate 1 and the first patch antenna 2 are fixed, and the relative positions of the second metal column 9, the second grid plate 3 and the second patch antenna 4 are fixed. The distance between the first patch antenna 2 and the second patch antenna 4 is determined by the specific frequency band of the antenna, and as the required center frequency increases, the distance between the two becomes smaller.

[0048] In other embodiments of the present application, the feed port 10 is generally in the form of a coaxial line, and the type of the port can be changed according to specific applications, and the present application is not limited.

[0049] Embodiment 1

[0050] As shown in Table 1, the size of the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure in this embodiment is 1.19GHz-1.42GHz.

[0051]

[0052] The simulation results are shown in Table 1. Figures 9-11 The working frequency band is 1.19GHz-1.42GHz when the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR≤1.8, and the working frequency band is 1.2GHz-1.4GHz when the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR≤1.6, with a bandwidth of 200MHz and a relative bandwidth of 15.4%. The maximum gain of the antenna is 11.39dBi, the 3dB beam width in the azimuth plane is 80°, and the 6dB beam width is 105°; the 3dB beam width in the elevation plane is 31°, and the 6dB beam width is 43°. The maximum gain at different frequencies such as 1.2GHz, 1.3GHz and 1.4GHz has a floating of less than 1dB, and the performance is very good. The entire structure is made of metal aluminum, and the structure is simple and stable, and the processing cost is very low, which is more suitable for application in actual projects. The number of antenna ports is reduced to one, which reduces the complexity of integration with other systems.

[0053] The L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the present application can be applied to other different frequency bands through equal proportion change in size, and the L-band wide-beam multi-layer antenna structure provided by the present application has a low profile and can be flexibly used in different scenarios.

[0054] The above only describes preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure, characterized by, The equal-power distribution feeding network, the first patch antenna, the second patch antenna, the first grid plate and the second grid plate, V-shaped grooves are formed on the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna, the equal-power distribution feeding network is located below the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna and is connected with the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna through metal columns respectively, and the first grid plate and the second grid plate are suspended above the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna respectively.

2. The L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein: The strip line structure of the equal-power distribution feeding network is a symmetrical structure.

3. The L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein: The equal-power distribution feeding network comprises a first metal ground plate, a T-shaped metal plate and a second metal ground plate arranged from bottom to top, the first metal ground plate and the second metal ground plate are of the same structure, the T-shaped metal plate is of a left-right symmetrical structure, the T-shaped metal plate is provided with a feeding port and is connected with the first metal ground plate through the feeding port, the two ends of the T-shaped metal plate are connected with a first metal column and a second metal column respectively, the second metal ground plate is provided with avoiding holes with diameters larger than those of the first metal column and the second metal column, and the first metal column and the second metal column pass through the avoiding holes and are connected with the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna respectively.

4. The L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure of claim 3, wherein: The upper ends of the metal columns are connected to the middle parts of the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna respectively.

5. The L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure of claim 3, wherein: The equal-power distribution feeding network comprises an input main line and first and second output branches symmetrically arranged on both sides of the input main line; the T-shaped metal plate is integrally formed by a first, a second, a third, a fourth, a fifth and a sixth rectangular metal plate; the first and second rectangular metal plates constitute the input main line, and the first rectangular metal plate is connected with a probe inside the feeding port; the third and fifth rectangular metal plates constitute the first output branch, one end of the third rectangular metal plate is connected with the second rectangular metal plate, the other end is connected with the fifth rectangular metal plate, and the first metal column is connected with the fifth rectangular metal plate; the fourth and sixth rectangular metal plates constitute the second output branch, one end of the fourth rectangular metal plate is connected with the second rectangular metal plate, the other end is connected with the sixth rectangular metal plate, and the second metal column is connected with the sixth rectangular metal plate.

6. The L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein: The first and second grid plates are both rectangular metal aluminum plates, and a plurality of rectangular notches are arranged at equal intervals on the first and second grid plates.

7. The L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure of claim 3, wherein: The T-shaped metal plate is suspended between the first and second metal ground plates.

8. The L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein: The first and second patch antennas are both rectangular, the V-shaped grooves are symmetrical about the center axis of the wide side of the first or second patch antenna, and the arms of the V-shaped grooves have an included angle with the direction of the symmetry axis.

9. The L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein: The first and second grid plates are both rectangular and symmetrical about the center axis of the wide side and the center axis of the long side thereof.

10. The L-band wide-beam multilayer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein: The equal-power-division feed network, the first patch antenna, the second patch antenna, the first grid plate and the second grid plate are fixed through nylon screws; and / or the equal-power-division feed network, the first patch antenna, the second patch antenna, the first grid plate and the second grid plate are all made of aluminum.

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