Remote control and protection interface in power distribution switch control equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a remote control and protection interface in power distribution switch control equipment, relates to the technical field of remote protection of the power distribution switch control equipment, and solves the problems of poor communication compatibility, environmental adaptability and installation convenience of the existing similar products. The utility model discloses a remote control and protection interface in power distribution switch control equipment. The remote control and protection interface comprises a shell, a multi-protocol communication module, a compatible communication interface, a main control module, an alarm, a sensor, a lightning protection module, an anti-interference module and a detachable mounting part, according to the utility model, the multi-protocol communication module and the compatible communication interface are arranged, and flexible communication between devices is realized by supporting various communication protocols and interfaces; the lightning protection module and the anti-interference module are arranged, and stable operation of the equipment in a severe environment is ensured through multi-stage lightning protection and electromagnetic shielding.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of remote control and protection, and more particularly to a remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device has a wide range of applications. The interface collects various data of the power distribution switch control device and transmits the data to a remote monitoring system through multiple communication methods, helping users to realize real-time monitoring and remote management of power distribution equipment. When the power distribution switch control device fails or has abnormal conditions, users can implement remote diagnosis and troubleshooting measures in a timely manner through the interface.

[0003] In general, the remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device has many advantages. However, the existing interface also has some disadvantages and drawbacks, including the following aspects:

[0004] 1. Communication compatibility problem. The existing interface has protocol incompatibility when communicating with devices of different brands or models, resulting in communication failure or data loss.

[0005] 2. Low data processing capacity. The data storage and analysis capacity of the existing interface is limited, making it inconvenient for users to conduct in-depth analysis and management of historical data and equipment operating status.

[0006] In summary, the remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device still needs to be improved in terms of communication compatibility, data processing capacity, and environmental adaptability. It is necessary to continuously optimize the technology, improve communication compatibility and data processing capacity, and enhance the environmental adaptability and reliability of the equipment. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to improve the communication compatibility, data processing capacity, environmental adaptability, and installation convenience of a power distribution switch control device.

[0008] To achieve the above technical effects, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device, characterized by: a housing, a multi-protocol communication module and a compatible communication interface connected to the multi-protocol communication module are arranged on the surface of the housing, a main control module electrically connected to the multi-protocol communication module is arranged inside the housing, an alarm and a sensor are connected to the main control module; a lightning protection module, an anti-interference module, and a detachable installation component are also arranged on the housing; the detachable installation component is connected to other power distribution terminals in a plug-in manner through an elastic compression member.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0011] The multi-protocol communication module includes a communication control module, a power management module, a communication protocol identification module, a communication protocol conversion module and a communication protocol output module connected with the communication control module, the communication control module adopts an STM32 microcontroller, receives state information and data from other modules, and issues control instructions according to preset rules and logic; the power management module provides stable power supply for the multi-protocol communication module; the communication protocol identification module is used for identifying the communication protocol type sent by the external device; the communication protocol conversion module converts the data of one communication protocol into the data of another communication protocol according to the identification result of the communication protocol identification module; and the communication protocol output module sends the converted communication protocol data to the external device.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0013] The compatible communication interface is a standardized aviation plug interface with 12-core hybrid signal channels, and the interface is compatible with a double CAN bus interface, an industrial Ethernet interface, a wireless LoRa communication unit and a USB interface function; the standardized aviation plug interface is a one-drag-6 interface, simultaneously connecting multiple external devices to realize flexible communication between devices.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0015] The main control module is a microcontroller based on single-chip microcomputer control. It has data storage and analysis functions, and is built-in with a large-capacity memory that can store historical data collected by sensors and device running state information; through a preset algorithm, the data is analyzed to predict possible faults and abnormal conditions of the device, and an early warning signal is issued to realize preventive maintenance of the device.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] The alarm includes an audible and visual alarm and a remote SMS alarm; when the sensor detects an abnormal condition, the main control module triggers the alarm to issue an audible and visual signal to remind the staff on site, and at the same time, the wireless communication module can send an alarm SMS to the preset mobile phone number to ensure that relevant personnel are notified in time to handle the problem.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0019] The sensor includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a leakage sensor, the current sensor adopts an electromagnetic induction principle or a Hall effect principle to monitor the current size in the power distribution line in real time, the voltage sensor is used for collecting the voltage value of the power distribution line and can accurately measure the phase voltage and line voltage of the line, the temperature sensor is installed at the key heating position of the power distribution switch control device, the humidity sensor is used for monitoring the humidity condition of the device installation environment, and the leakage sensor is used for detecting the leakage current in the power distribution line.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0021] The lightning protection module adopts a multi-stage lightning protection design, the first-stage lightning protection is achieved through a surge protector, the large current generated by lightning stroke can be quickly discharged, the second-stage lightning protection is achieved through a filter circuit, and the residual lightning stroke pulse and high-frequency interference are further eliminated, so that the internal circuit of the device is protected from damage caused by lightning stroke.

[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0023] The anti-interference module adopts a combination of electromagnetic shielding and filtering, an electromagnetic shielding layer is arranged in the shell to block the entry of external electromagnetic interference signals, low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filters are arranged in the circuit to filter and process the power supply and signals, and the interference signals of specific frequencies are removed, so that the stable transmission of the internal signals of the device is ensured.

[0024] The utility model positively and beneficial technical effect lies in:

[0025] The utility model discloses a plurality of communication protocol recognition, conversion and output are realized through multi-protocol communication module, effectively solve the problem that the interface communication compatibility of existing is insufficient, ensure that the device can communicate stably with the external device of different brands or models, the utility model discloses compatible communication interface is adopted, supports multiple communication modes, including double CAN bus, industrial ethernet, wireless LoRa and USB interface, greatly improve the flexibility and expansibility of communication, the main control module of the utility model has powerful data storage and analysis function, built-in large capacity memory can collect and analyze sensor data in real time, predict equipment failure and send early warning signal in advance, realize the preventive maintenance of equipment, the utility model discloses lightning protection module and anti-interference module, adopt multi-stage lightning protection and electromagnetic shielding, filtering combination, effectively resist lightning and electromagnetic interference, ensure the stable operation of the device in the harsh environment, the detachable installation component of the utility model is connected with other power distribution terminal through the elastic compression joint, simplifies the installation and maintenance process, improves the maintainability and expandability of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative labor, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 It is a whole structure diagram of remote control and protection interface in the power distribution switch control equipment of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a working principle diagram of multi-protocol communication module of remote control and protection interface in the power distribution switch control equipment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a one-to-six standard aviation plug interface diagram of remote control and protection interface in the power distribution switch control equipment of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a detachable installation component diagram of remote control and protection interface in the power distribution switch control equipment of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 5 It is an embodiment schematic diagram of the power distribution switch control equipment of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a conversion interface schematic diagram of the multi-protocol communication module of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a principle schematic diagram of the communication control module in the utility model;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a peripheral interface principle schematic diagram of the communication protocol identification module in the utility model;

[0035] Figure 9 It is an exemplary circuit diagram of the communication protocol conversion module in the utility model;

[0036] Figure 10 It is an embodiment schematic diagram of the communication protocol output module in the utility model

[0037] In the figure: shell-1, multi-protocol communication module-2, compatible communication interface-3, main control module-4, alarm-5, sensor-6, lightning protection module-7, anti-interference module-8, detachable installation component-9, communication control module-21, power management module-22, communication protocol identification module-23, communication protocol conversion module-24, communication protocol output module-25. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which it should be understood that the embodiments described herein merely illustrate and explain the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0039] As Figures 1-10 shown, a remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device, characterized by: including a shell 1, the surface of the shell 1 is provided with a multi-protocol communication module 2 and a compatible communication interface 3 connected with the multi-protocol communication module 2, the inside of the shell 1 is provided with a main control module 4 in electrical communication connection with the multi-protocol communication module 2, an alarm 5 and a sensor 6 are connected with the main control module 4; The shell 1 is also provided with a lightning protection module 7, an anti-interference module 8 and a detachable mounting part 9; The detachable mounting part 9 is connected with other power distribution terminals through elastic compression members in a plug-in manner.

[0040] Further, the multi-protocol communication module 2 includes a communication control module 21 and a power management module 22, a communication protocol identification module 23, a communication protocol conversion module 24 and a communication protocol output module 25 connected with the communication control module 21, the communication control module 21 adopts an STM32 microcontroller, receives state information and data from other modules, and sends control instructions according to preset rules and logic; The power management module 22 provides stable power supply for the multi-protocol communication module; The communication protocol identification module 23 is used for identifying the communication protocol type sent by the external device; The communication protocol conversion module 24 converts the data of one communication protocol into the data of another communication protocol according to the identification result of the communication protocol identification module 23; The communication protocol output module 25 sends the converted communication protocol data to the external device.

[0041] As Figures 6-10 shown, Figure 6 is a conversion interface schematic diagram of the multi-protocol communication module of the utility model; Figure 7The principle schematic view of the communication control module in the utility model; in the specific embodiment, nRF2401 itself works in the global open frequency band of 2.42.5GHz, and has basic wireless transceiving capability.It adopts GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) modulation mode, and can realize wireless transmission of data.Different communication protocols can have different requirements in the physical layer, such as transmission rate, frequency range, etc.nRF2401 adjusts its working parameters, such as transmission rate and transmission power, to adapt to the physical layer requirements of different protocols.To realize a multi-protocol interface, a protocol adaptation layer needs to be constructed on nRF2401.The role of this layer is to process the data frame format and communication process of different protocols.When receiving data from the upper layer application, the protocol adaptation layer will encapsulate the data into the data frame format specified by the protocol according to the currently used protocol; when receiving data, the received frame will be parsed into data that can be processed by the application layer.State machine is used to control the communication process of different protocols.Each protocol has its unique communication process, such as handshake, data transmission, confirmation, etc.The state machine changes the state according to the received events (such as receiving data, sending completion, etc.), thereby realizing the control of the communication process.

[0042] Implementation process

[0043] First, nRF2401 connection: connect nRF2401 with a microcontroller (such as Arduino, STM32, etc.). Generally, the pins that need to be connected include SPI interface pins (SCK, MISO, MOSI, CSN), CE (Chip Enable) pin, IRQ (Interrupt Request) pin, etc.Power supply and matching circuit: provide stable power supply for nRF2401, and design appropriate matching circuit to ensure good matching between antenna and chip and improve wireless transmission performance.

[0044] Figure 8The utility model discloses a kind of peripheral interface schematic diagram of communication protocol identification module;The technical essence of communication protocol identification module is to analyze and judge communication data, to determine the communication protocol type followed by data.In complex communication environment, there are various communication protocols, such as TCP / IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP etc.Different protocols have respective characteristics in data format, transmission rule, port number etc.Communication protocol identification module is to use these characteristics, to accurately identify the protocol used by data by feature extraction and pattern matching to communication data.Working process is first identified by port number, many network protocols have its fixed default port number.For example, HTTP protocol uses 80 port by default, HTTPS protocol uses 443 port by default, FTP protocol uses 21 port for control connection.By checking the source port and destination port number of communication data packet, the protocol type possibly used by the communication can be initially judged.But this method has certain limitations, because some application programs can use non-standard port to communicate, leading to inaccurate port number identification.Then carry out protocol characteristic word matching, and each communication protocol has its specific characteristic field or characteristic string.For example, the request message of HTTP protocol starts with "GET", "POST" and other keywords, and the command of SMTP protocol starts with "HELO", "MAIL" and other keywords.By searching these characteristic fields or strings in communication data packet, the corresponding protocol can be identified.This method is more accurate, but needs to collect and collate the characteristic information of various protocols in advance.Communication protocol has its specific communication process and state conversion rule.For example, TCP protocol needs to go through three times handshaking when establishing connection, and needs to go through four times waving hand when closing connection.By analyzing the interaction process of communication data packet, protocol state machine is constructed, and protocol type is judged according to the state conversion of state machine.This method can handle some complex protocol identification problems, but relatively complex to realize, needs to have in-depth understanding to the communication process of protocol.

[0045] The working process of communication protocol identification module includes the following steps:

[0046] Data collection, collect communication data packets from the communication network. Data collection can be achieved through network interface cards (NIC), network probes and other devices. The collected data can be raw network packets, or pre-processed data streams. Pre-processing of collected communication data includes removing noise, filtering useless data, extracting useful features, etc. For example, the data packets can be parsed to extract source IP address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port number, packet length, etc. According to different identification principles, protocol features are extracted from the pre-processed data. For example, if the port number identification method is used, the source port number and destination port number of the data packet are extracted; if the protocol feature word matching method is used, the feature field or string in the data packet is searched. The extracted features are matched with the pre-defined protocol feature library, or classified using the trained machine learning model, to determine the protocol type used by the communication data. If the match is successful, the identification result is output; if the match fails, other identification methods can be used for further analysis. Finally, the identification result is output to the user interface or other system for the user to view and process. The identification result can include protocol name, protocol version, communication status, etc. Figure 9 An exemplary circuit diagram of the communication protocol conversion module in the utility model; the technical essence of the communication protocol conversion module is to solve the compatibility problem between different communication protocols, and realize data interaction between heterogeneous systems. In actual communication scenarios, there are many different standard and normative communication protocols, such as Modbus, Profibus in the industrial field, TCP / IP, HTTP in the Internet field, etc. These protocols differ in data format, transmission rules, communication interface, etc., making devices or systems using different protocols unable to communicate directly. The communication protocol conversion module analyzes and processes the input source protocol data, and then re-encapsulates and transmits according to the rules of the target protocol, thereby realizing seamless connection and data exchange between different protocols. First, the conversion rules between the source protocol and the target protocol are defined in advance, and when the source protocol data is received, the data is analyzed and converted according to these rules. For example, for the conversion between Modbus protocol and TCP / IP protocol, the mapping relationship between Modbus register address and specific field in TCP / IP packet can be defined.

[0047] The main control circuit is the core of the entire module, responsible for coordinating the work of each hardware component. It controls the flow and processing of data according to the preset conversion rules and state machine logic. For example, when receiving source protocol data, the main control circuit instructs the receiving buffer to receive data and decides the subsequent data processing flow according to the conversion rules. The baud rate generator is used to generate communication baud rates that match the source protocol and target protocol. Different communication protocols may have different baud rate requirements, and the baud rate generator can adjust according to the protocol requirements to ensure accurate data transmission between different protocols. The shift register is used for serial-parallel or parallel-serial conversion of data during transmission and reception. This is because different protocols may have different data transmission methods, some use serial transmission, and some use parallel transmission, and the shift register can realize the conversion of the two transmission methods.

[0048] F12232H is a module that may be used for communication protocol output, and its core implementation of communication protocol output is to process input data and package and send it according to the format requirements of a specific communication protocol. The general principles and processes of its implementation of communication protocol output are as follows: F12232H is a module that may be used for communication protocol output, and its core implementation of communication protocol output is to process input data and package and send it according to the format requirements of a specific communication protocol. The general principles and processes of its implementation of communication protocol output are as follows: The F12232H module first needs to receive data from external devices (such as sensors, controllers, etc.). These data can be transmitted to the module through different interfaces (such as SPI, I2C, etc.). The module will convert the received serial or parallel data into an internal processable format according to the characteristics of the interface and the communication protocol. The received data may need to be preprocessed, such as data verification, parsing, conversion, etc. If the input data has error check bits, the module will check and correct them; if the data is encoded in a certain specific format, the module will parse it into actual numerical values or instructions. According to the requirements of the target communication protocol, the module will package the processed data into the corresponding protocol frame. Different communication protocols have different frame formats, usually including frame header, data segment, check bit, frame tail, etc. The module will add the corresponding frame header, check bit, etc. according to the protocol specification to ensure that the packaged protocol frame meets the standard of the target protocol. The packaged protocol frame needs to be sent through a specific physical interface. The F12232H module will convert the digital signal into a physical signal suitable for the target communication protocol, such as converting the TTL level signal into the RS-232 level signal. Then, the signal is sent out through the corresponding communication line (such as serial line, network cable, etc.).

[0049] In the conversion process of the target communication protocol, protocol analysis is first performed. Before the protocol conversion, the source protocol and the target protocol need to be analyzed in detail. Understand their data format, frame structure, communication process, command set, etc. For example, for the conversion of Modbus protocol and TCP / IP protocol, it is necessary to know the function code of Modbus protocol, register address, and the data packet structure of TCP / IP protocol, port number, etc. According to the results of protocol analysis, the conversion rules between the source protocol and the target protocol are formulated. These rules can include the mapping relationship of data, encoding and decoding method, state conversion logic, etc. For example, define the mapping relationship between Modbus register address and specific field in TCP / IP data packet, and how to convert the encoding method of Modbus data to the encoding method supported by TCP / IP protocol. When the F12232H module receives the source protocol data, it will analyze the data according to the conversion rules. Extract each field in the source protocol data, and convert it to the data format required by the target protocol according to the mapping relationship. For example, convert the register data in Modbus protocol to byte array in TCP / IP protocol.

[0050] Then the target protocol encapsulation is performed, and finally the converted data is encapsulated according to the format of the target protocol. The frame header, check bit, frame tail and other information required by the target protocol are added to ensure that the encapsulated protocol frame meets the standard of the target protocol. For example, the converted TCP / IP data is encapsulated into a data packet conforming to the TCP / IP protocol. Finally, the encapsulated target protocol frame is output and sent through the corresponding physical interface. The F12232H module converts the digital signal into a physical signal suitable for the target communication protocol and sends the signal to the target device through the communication line. In specific embodiments, the communication control module 21 is responsible for receiving state information and data from other modules, including current, voltage and temperature data from sensors and communication requests from external devices, and issuing corresponding control instructions according to pre-set rules and logic to coordinate the entire communication process; the power management module 22 provides stable power supply to ensure the stable operation of the multi-protocol communication module, while monitoring the power state to ensure that the communication module obtains the necessary power support under various working conditions, avoiding communication interruption or data loss due to power fluctuations; the communication protocol identification module 23 first identifies the communication protocol type of the request when the external device sends a communication request, and if the external device uses the CAN bus protocol, it will identify the protocol type and pass the information to the communication protocol conversion module; the communication protocol conversion module 24 converts the data of one communication protocol into the data of another communication protocol according to the identification result of the communication protocol identification module, and if the external device uses the CAN bus protocol and the internal system uses the industrial Ethernet protocol, the conversion module will convert the CAN bus protocol data into the industrial Ethernet protocol data to ensure smooth data transmission between devices with different protocols; the communication protocol output module 25 finally sends the converted communication protocol data to the external device to ensure accurate data transmission, enabling devices with different protocols to communicate and cooperate with each other. Through the above steps, the multi-protocol communication module 2 realizes the application of remote control and protection interface in power distribution switch control devices, ensuring efficient communication and data transmission between devices, improving the compatibility and reliability of the entire system, and providing strong technical support for smart grids and industrial automation control.

[0051] The multi-protocol communication module prototype based on STM32F407ZGT6 microcontroller integrates a power management module (LM2596S voltage stabilizing circuit), a communication protocol identification module (based on port number + feature word matching algorithm), a communication protocol conversion module (state machine + rule engine architecture), and a communication protocol output module (supporting UART / SPI / CAN / Ethernet interface).

[0052] External device:

[0053] Modbus RTU slave device (Siemens S7-200 PLC, baud rate 9600, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity)

[0054] TCP / IP device (PC-side simulated HTTP server, port 80)

[0055] CAN bus device (Vector CANoe simulation node, baud rate 500 kbps)

[0056] Auxiliary tools:

[0057] Oscilloscope (Tektronix TBS1102B, monitor signal integrity)

[0058] Protocol analyzer (Wireshark, capture Ethernet data frames)

[0059] Serial port debugging assistant (SSCOM, monitor UART data)

[0060] Power meter (FLUKE 435, test power management module efficiency)

[0061] (II) Software environment

[0062] Module firmware: based on FreeRTOS real-time operating system, protocol recognition module uses C language to implement regular expression matching algorithm, conversion module uses state machine model (10-15 state nodes are defined for each protocol).

[0063] Test software:

[0064] Modbus Poll (simulates Modbus master device, sends 0x03 read holding register command)

[0065] Python script (simulates CAN bus data generation, includes CAN frames with 29-bit extended ID)

[0066] Postman (sends HTTP GET / POST requests to module Ethernet interface)

[0067] Protocol recognition test (1000 times loop), as shown in Table 1. Protocol conversion test as shown in Table 2. Through experiments, the standard protocol (such as TCP / IP) achieves 100% correct identification, and the identification time is controlled within 50us, which is better than the traditional single port identification method (with a 20% non-standard port misjudgment rate). Using a predefined conversion rule table (20-30 mapping rules for each protocol), compared with the traditional byte-by-byte parsing algorithm, the conversion time is reduced by 40%. For example, in the process of converting ModbusRTU to TCP / IP, the data buffer is directly read through the hardware SPI interface, avoiding the delay caused by software bit-by-bit reading.

[0068] Disadvantages: The distinction between Modbus RTU / TCP relies on the data integrity of the IP layer, which may be misjudged when network delay causes data fragmentation; CAN / LIN protocol recognition is limited by the similarity of ID fields, and data content verification logic needs to be added.

[0069] The performance indicators are shown in Table 3. Successful implementation of bidirectional data interaction between Modbus RTU device and HTTP server (PLC real-time data → module conversion → cloud server reception), with a data accuracy of 100%, proving that the communication capability between heterogeneous systems has been significantly improved. Under the severe environment of CAN bus load rate reaching 80%, the module still maintains a communication success rate of 99.5%, while the traditional single CAN module reduces the success rate to 90% at a load rate of 60%, demonstrating stronger anti-interference ability. This test verifies the technical advantages of the multi-protocol communication module based on STM32 microcontroller in protocol identification, conversion and output capability. Compared with existing single protocol modules, it realizes multi-protocol concurrent processing, high accuracy identification and low delay conversion, effectively solving the heterogeneous communication problems in industrial Internet of Things, intelligent device interconnection and other scenarios. Test data shows that the module meets the application requirements in complex communication environment and has good engineering application value.

[0070] Further, the compatible communication interface 3 is a standardized aviation plug interface with 12-core hybrid signal channels, which is compatible with dual CAN bus interface, industrial Ethernet interface, wireless LoRa communication unit and USB interface functions; the standardized aviation plug interface is a one-to-six interface, which simultaneously connects multiple external devices to realize flexible communication between devices.

[0071] In specific embodiments, the compatible communication interface 3 realizes flexible combination and efficient communication of multiple communication modes in the remote control and protection interface application scenario of power distribution switch control equipment. The 12-core mixed signal channel of the interface design supports simultaneous transmission of multiple communication signals, and the channel can be flexibly configured according to different communication needs to meet the parallel transmission needs of power data, control signals and state information of multiple types of signals; support dual CAN bus interface, industrial Ethernet interface, wireless LoRa communication unit and USB interface function, which can communicate with devices using different communication protocols, the dual CAN bus interface is used to connect field intelligent sensors and actuators to realize real-time transmission of current and voltage data, the industrial Ethernet interface supports 100Mbps high-speed data transmission, connects the factory master control system to realize high-speed data interaction and remote monitoring, the wireless LoRa communication unit builds a remote communication link in a wireless environment, which is suitable for communication with the remote monitoring center in the scene where wired connection is not convenient, and the USB interface function provides convenience for local configuration and maintenance. Technical personnel can directly debug the device and download data through a notebook computer; the standardized aviation plug interface adopts one-to-six design, allowing multiple external devices to be connected at the same time. In the power distribution switch control equipment scenario, two intelligent sensors using CAN bus, one industrial Ethernet master control system, one wireless LoRa communication unit and two USB interface maintenance devices can be connected at the same time. Through simple plug-and-play operation, the communication device can be expanded or replaced, significantly improving system scalability; through the interface, the power distribution switch control equipment can realize flexible communication between devices. When remotely monitoring the power distribution equipment, the master control module can transmit data to the factory master control system at a rate of 100Mbps through the industrial Ethernet interface, and simultaneously send key data to the remote monitoring center through the wireless LoRa communication unit, ensuring data real-time and reliability; in the smart grid and industrial automation control scenarios, the compatible communication interface 3 ensures efficient communication of power distribution switch control equipment with wired CAN bus, industrial Ethernet, USB and wireless LoRa multiple types of external devices through 12-core mixed signal channel, four types of communication interfaces and one-to-six connection capability, providing key support for building efficient and reliable power distribution systems. Through the above implementation, the compatible communication interface 3 in the remote control and protection interface application of power distribution switch control equipment takes 12-core mixed signal channel, four types of communication protocol support and one-to-six hardware design as the core, provides strong communication support, realizes efficient data transmission between devices, improves system communication compatibility by more than 40%, and shortens the device expansion time to within 5 minutes, significantly improving the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the entire system.

[0072] Further, the master module 4 has data storage and analysis functions, built-in large-capacity memory, and can store historical data collected by sensors and device operating state information. Through preset algorithms, the data can be analyzed to predict possible device failures and abnormal conditions, and early warning signals can be sent to achieve preventive maintenance of the device. In specific embodiments, in real-time monitoring, the master module 4 monitors the current, voltage, and temperature of the power distribution line in real time at a frequency of 200 times per second through the connected sensors. When the current sensor detects that the current exceeds the rated value of 110%, the rated current is 100A, and the abnormal increase is detected to be 115A, the data is immediately recorded and the overload is judged within 500ms through analysis; in the fault prediction link, the master module 4 performs trend analysis based on historical data from the past 12 months. When it is identified that the voltage fluctuation of a certain line exceeds ±5% for 30 consecutive minutes and the current harmonic distortion rate exceeds 15%, it is judged that there may be a poor contact problem and an early warning signal is sent. The historical prediction accuracy is 92%; in preventive maintenance, maintenance personnel can locate and repair the poor contact line within 2 hours after receiving the warning, which shortens the potential fault handling time by 70% compared to the traditional regular inspection mode, effectively avoiding equipment failure and power failure accidents; in the remote management scenario, the master module 4 transmits device operating data in real time through a 100Mbps industrial Ethernet interface. When the monitoring center detects that the temperature sensor data of a certain device exceeds 85℃, it will trigger multiple levels of warnings within 10 seconds. The staff can view the temperature curve and associated current and voltage data in the past 72 hours in real time through the remote terminal, guide the on-site maintenance personnel to replace the sensor within 4 hours, and ensure the stability of the system operation. Through the above implementation, the master module 4 shortens the device abnormal detection response time to less than 1 second in the remote control and protection interface application of the power distribution switch control device, extends the fault prediction advance period to 72 hours, improves the system reliability by 60%, improves the operation and maintenance efficiency by 40%, and significantly enhances the operation stability of the power distribution system.

[0073] Further, the alarm 5 includes an audible and visual alarm 51 and a remote SMS alarm 52; when the sensor detects an abnormal condition, the master module 4 triggers the alarm 5 to issue an audible and visual signal to remind the staff on site, and can also send an alarm SMS to the preset mobile phone number through the wireless communication module to ensure that relevant personnel are notified in a timely manner to handle the problem.

[0074] In specific embodiments, during current anomaly detection, the current sensor 61 monitors the line current in real time at a frequency of 100 times per second. When it is detected that the current of a certain section of the line exceeds the preset threshold of 120% of the rated value, the main control module 4 completes data verification within 150 ms and confirms that it is an overload condition, and then triggers the audible and visual alarm 51 to issue a warning on site with an 85 decibel sound and a red flashing light. At the same time, through the wireless communication module, an alarm message containing the real-time current value and the fault location is sent to 3 preset mobile phone numbers within 3 seconds; in temperature anomaly detection, the temperature sensor 63 monitors the temperature of the key components of the power distribution equipment at a frequency of 5 times per second. When the temperature exceeds 85°C, the main control module 4 triggers the audible and visual alarm 51 and the remote SMS alarm 52 within 200 ms, the on-site alarm light flashes at a frequency of 2 times per second, and the SMS content contains the real-time temperature value and the continuous temperature rise rate; in the process of leakage detection, the leakage sensor 65 monitors the line leakage current in real time. When the leakage current exceeds the safety threshold of 30 mA, the main control module 4 immediately triggers the alarm 5 within 100 ms, and the on-site audible and visual alarm reminds the safety risk with a 100 decibel sound and a yellow flashing light, and sends a message containing the leakage location and the leakage current value to 2 emergency contact numbers. Through the above implementation, the alarm 5 in the remote control and protection interface application of the power distribution switch control device controls the abnormal detection response time within 200 ms, the alarm information covers the dual notification mechanism of on-site and remote terminals, which improves the abnormal situation discovery efficiency by 60%, reduces the potential safety risk occurrence rate by 40%, and reduces the damage probability of the equipment caused by abnormal situations by 35%, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the power distribution system.

[0075] Further, the sensor 6 includes a current sensor 61, a voltage sensor 62, a temperature sensor 63, a humidity sensor 64, and a leakage sensor 65. The current sensor 61 uses electromagnetic induction principle or Hall effect principle to monitor the current in the power distribution line in real time. The voltage sensor 62 is used to collect the voltage value of the power distribution line and can accurately measure the phase voltage and line voltage. The temperature sensor 63 is installed at the key heating position of the power distribution switch control device. The humidity sensor 64 is used to monitor the humidity of the device installation environment. The leakage sensor 65 is used to detect the power distribution line.

[0076] In specific embodiments, the current sensor 61 is installed at a key position of the power distribution line, uses electromagnetic induction principle or Hall effect principle, measures the current size in real time with ±0.5% FS measurement accuracy and 20 ms response time, the sensor transmits the collected current data to the main control module 4 at a frequency of 100 times per second, and the main control module 4 judges whether the current is abnormal according to the preset rated current ±10% fluctuation threshold; the voltage sensor 62 is installed at the input and output ends of the power distribution line, can accurately measure the phase voltage and line voltage, transmits the voltage data to the main control module 4 in real time with a response time of 30 ms and a transmission frequency of 50 times per second, and the main control module 4 judges whether the voltage is abnormal according to the rated voltage ±15% deviation threshold; the temperature sensor 63 is deployed at the key heating parts of the power distribution switch control device, measures the temperature change in real time with ±1℃ measurement accuracy and 100 ms response time, the sensor transmits temperature data to the main control module 4 every 5 seconds, and the main control module 4 judges whether to trigger an abnormality according to the normal operation temperature threshold ±15℃ of the device; the humidity sensor 64 is installed in the device installation environment, measures the environmental humidity in real time with ±3%RH measurement accuracy and 60s response time, the sensor transmits humidity data to the main control module 4 every minute, and the main control module 4 judges whether it is abnormal according to the preset humidity threshold ±20% range; the leakage sensor 65 is connected in series in the power distribution line, measures the leakage current in real time with ±5mA measurement accuracy and 50ms response time, the sensor transmits leakage data to the main control module 4 at a frequency of 200 times per second, and the main control module 4 judges whether to trigger a leakage alarm according to the 30mA safety threshold. Through the cooperative work of the above sensor groups, each type of sensor feeds back the power distribution system state in real time with an average response time of ≤100ms and a data transmission accuracy of ≥99.5%, provides high-precision monitoring data support for the main control module 4, makes the system abnormal detection coverage reach 100%, the key parameter monitoring accuracy is improved by more than 30% compared with traditional sensors, and the real-time controllability of the power distribution device operation state is effectively guaranteed.

[0077] Further, the lightning protection module 7 adopts a multi-stage lightning protection design. The first-stage lightning protection is through a surge protector, which can quickly discharge the large current generated by lightning strike; the second-stage lightning protection is through a filter circuit, which further eliminates residual lightning strike pulses and high-frequency interference, and protects the internal circuit of the device from lightning damage. In a specific embodiment, when lightning strikes occur, the surge protector SPD rapidly acts with a response time of 1-5 nanoseconds, and the measured lightning current of 102.3 kA can start the discharge mechanism within 2 nanoseconds, discharging 98.7% of the lightning current through the grounding system, effectively protecting the power input end of the device; 1.3% of the residual lightning pulses enter the internal circuit, and the internal filter circuit can suppress the residual pulse voltage peak from 2500V to below 85V through a three-stage LC filter structure, and filter out high-frequency interference in the 0-100MHz frequency band, ensuring that the internal circuit of the device operates stably within the ±5% rated voltage fluctuation range; based on the multi-stage lightning protection design composed of the surge protector and the filter circuit, the device can withstand Class I lightning impact in accordance with IEC61643-1 standard, and in a high lightning area with an annual average thunderstorm day ≥80 days, the measured downtime of the device due to lightning strikes is reduced from 45 hours per year in the traditional design to 3.2 hours, and the lightning damage rate is reduced from 22% to 1.5%, the lightning resistance is increased by 14 times, which significantly ensures the reliability and continuity of the power distribution system in harsh environments. Through the above implementation, the lightning protection module 7 in the remote control and protection interface application of the power distribution switch control device has a nanosecond-level response speed, a lightning current discharge efficiency of more than 98%, and a three-stage filter protection mechanism, which builds a complete lightning protection system, reduces the device lightning damage risk by 93%, reduces the downtime loss by 92%, and provides key technical support for the stable operation of the power distribution system in lightning-prone areas.

[0078] Further, the anti-interference module 8 adopts a combination of electromagnetic shielding and filtering, sets an electromagnetic shielding layer inside the shell 1 to block the entry of external electromagnetic interference signals, and sets low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filters in the circuit to filter and process the power and signals, remove interference signals of specific frequencies, and ensure stable transmission of internal signals of the device.

[0079] In specific embodiments, the electromagnetic shielding layer is mounted on the inner surface of the shell 1, using 0.1mm thick electrolytic copper foil as the shielding material, and is fixed by full coating of conductive adhesive, to ensure that the shielding layer is in close electrical connection with the metal frame of the shell, and that the joints are bridged by conductive gaskets or metal lapping pieces to form a continuous and complete shielding body; its shielding principle is based on the law of electromagnetic induction, and through the reflection loss of the metal surface to the 10kHz-10GHz band electromagnetic interference signals and the absorption loss inside the material, the attenuation of external electromagnetic interference is realized, and the overall shielding effectiveness is measured to be more than 80dB at 1GHz, effectively preventing interference signals from entering the device interior. In terms of filter settings, the power input end is configured with an LC low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 100kHz, which can filter out high-frequency noise above 1MHz, while suppressing surge voltage below 2kV; the signal line is selected according to the transmission signal characteristics, and a 50-100kHz band-pass filter is used, with an in-band insertion loss of ≤5dB and an out-of-band attenuation of ≥25dB; a high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 10kHz is installed at the communication interface, which attenuates 50H power frequency interference by ≥40dB, ensuring the stability of RS485 / CAN bus data transmission. All filters are combined through π-type / Γ-type networks of inductors and capacitors to achieve selective attenuation of specific frequency band interference signals, and the measured power port conducted interference suppression meets the CISPR 32 Class A standard, and the signal port radiation emission is ≤30dBμV / m.

[0080] Although the specific embodiments of the present application are described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these specific embodiments are only illustrative, and those skilled in the art can make various omissions, substitutions and changes to the details of the above method and system without departing from the principles and essence of the present application. For example, combining the above method steps, performing substantially the same function in substantially the same manner to achieve substantially the same result, is within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of the present application is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device, characterized by: The shell (1) is provided with a multi-protocol communication module (2) and a compatible communication interface (3) connected with the multi-protocol communication module (2) on the surface, and is provided with a main control module (4) electrically connected with the multi-protocol communication module (2) in the inside, and an alarm (5) and a sensor (6) connected with the main control module (4); the shell (1) is further provided with a lightning protection module (7), an anti-interference module (8) and a detachable mounting part (9); the detachable mounting part (9) is connected with other power distribution terminals through elastic pressure connectors in a plug-in manner. The multi-protocol communication module (2) comprises a communication control module (21), a power management module (22), a communication protocol identification module (23), a communication protocol conversion module (24) and a communication protocol output module (25) connected with the communication control module (21); the communication control module (21) adopts an STM32 microcontroller, receives state information and data from the module, and sends control instructions according to preset rules and logic; the power management module (22) provides stable power supply for the multi-protocol communication module; the communication protocol identification module (23) is used for identifying the communication protocol type sent by an external device; the communication protocol conversion module (24) converts data of one communication protocol into data of another communication protocol according to the identification result of the communication protocol identification module (23); and the communication protocol output module (25) sends the converted communication protocol data to an external device.

2. A remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compatible communication interface (3) is a standardized aviation plug interface with 12-core hybrid signal channels, and the interface is compatible with a double CAN bus interface, an industrial Ethernet interface, a wireless LoRa communication unit and a USB interface function; the standardized aviation plug interface is a one-drag-6 interface, simultaneously connecting multiple external devices to realize flexible communication between devices.

3. A remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device according to claim 1, wherein: The main control module (4) is a microcontroller based on single-chip control.

4. The remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device of claim 1, wherein: The alarm (5) comprises an audible and visual alarm (51) and a remote SMS alarm (52); when the sensor detects an abnormal condition, the main control module (4) triggers the alarm (5) to issue an audible and visual signal on the spot to remind the staff, and at the same time, sends an alarm SMS to a preset mobile phone number through a wireless communication module to ensure that relevant personnel are notified in time to handle the problem.

5. A remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device according to claim 1, wherein: The sensor (6) comprises a current sensor (61), a voltage sensor (62), a temperature sensor (63), a humidity sensor (64) and a leakage sensor (65); the current sensor (61) adopts an electromagnetic induction principle or a Hall effect principle to monitor the current size in the power distribution line in real time; the voltage sensor (62) is used for collecting the voltage value of the power distribution line and can accurately measure the phase voltage and line voltage of the line; the temperature sensor (63) is installed at a key heating position of the power distribution switch control device; the humidity sensor (64) is used for monitoring the humidity of the equipment installation environment; and the leakage sensor (65) is used for detecting the leakage current in the power distribution line.

6. A remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device according to claim 1, wherein: ​ 7. A remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device according to claim 1, wherein: The lightning protection module (7) adopts a multi-stage lightning protection design. The first-stage lightning protection is through a surge protector, which can quickly discharge large current generated by lightning strike. The second-stage lightning protection is through a filter circuit, which further eliminates residual lightning strike pulse and high-frequency interference, and protects the internal circuit of the equipment from lightning damage.

8. A remote control and protection interface in a power distribution switch control device according to claim 1, wherein: The anti-interference module (8) adopts a combination of electromagnetic shielding and filtering. An electromagnetic shielding layer is arranged in the shell (1) to block the entry of external electromagnetic interference signals. Low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filters are arranged in the circuit to filter and process the power supply and signals, remove interference signals of specific frequencies, and ensure stable transmission of internal signals of the equipment.

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