Abrupt slope displacement monitoring device with anti-seismic function

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of slope displacement measurement, and discloses an abrupt slope displacement monitoring device with an anti-seismic function. The device comprises a shell, a first anti-seismic anchoring head, a damping displacement sensing module and a pull rope assembly. The first anti-seismic anchoring head is rotationally connected to the shell; the damping displacement sensing module is arranged in the shell, and a damping anti-seismic assembly is arranged in the damping displacement sensing module; the other end of the pull rope assembly penetrates through the shell and is connected with the second anti-seismic anchoring head. The two anchoring heads are respectively fixed on the reference point and the point to be measured. The shell is used for providing protection and adapting to abrupt slope installation, environmental vibration interference such as seismic waves and the like is effectively filtered out through cooperation of the damping anti-seismic assembly and the anti-seismic anchoring head, and the accuracy of monitoring data and the anti-seismic capacity of the device are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of slope displacement measurement, and particularly relates to a steep slope displacement monitoring device with anti-seismic function. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a geographical boundary between the north and the south, the Qinling Mountains in China have extremely complex geological structures, steep terrain and crisscrossing gullies, and seriously broken rock mass, which is a high-risk area of geological disasters such as landslides and collapses. In order to ensure the safety of the traffic trunk lines and surrounding facilities in this area, it is particularly important to continuously and accurately monitor the displacement of high and steep slopes. At present, the pull rope type displacement sensor is widely used in such scenes due to its large range and mature technology. However, in the typical high mountain and canyon and geologically active environment of the Qinling Mountains, the existing conventional monitoring technology faces severe challenges.

[0003] The first challenge is that the existing monitoring device lacks effective anti-seismic function and is difficult to obtain real and effective displacement data in a complex vibration environment. The Qinling Mountains are located in a weak seismic zone, and human engineering activities such as tunnel excavation blasting and heavy load railway operation often occur in this area, which will generate vibrations in the rock-soil mass. The traditional pull rope displacement meter usually adopts a rigid direct connection method, lacks physical isolation or attenuation means for high-frequency dynamic signals. When an earthquake wave propagates or an engineering blasting occurs, the sensor often misrecords the instantaneous elastic vibration of the rock mass as permanent slope displacement, which not only causes the monitoring system to issue false landslide warnings, but also easily causes mechanical damage to the internal precision potentiometer or encoder of the sensor, resulting in premature failure of the equipment.

[0004] In addition, the rugged topography of the Qinling Mountains also brings great difficulties to the installation and long-term operation of the monitoring device. The monitoring point is often located on a nearly vertical or extremely uneven rock slope, and the existing monitoring device is usually installed by using a fixed flange or angle steel support, which lacks the ability to adapt to complex installation angles. During installation on a steep slope, this rigid fixing method is prone to cause deviation between the pull rope leading direction and the stress direction, resulting in serious lateral friction and wear of the pull rope at the outlet of the shell, which not only increases the measurement error, but also seriously affects the sealing performance and service life of the device in harsh outdoor environments. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a monitoring device that can adapt to the complex terrain of the Qinling Mountains and effectively resist environmental high-frequency vibration interference and capture the real creep displacement of the slope. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present application aims to provide a steep slope displacement monitoring device with anti-seismic function, which improves the anti-interference ability to environmental influences such as earthquakes and blasting by designing a damping displacement sensing module, a pull rope assembly, and first and second anti-seismic anchor heads, on the basis of adapting to the steep slope terrain.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] The steep slope displacement monitoring device with the anti-seismic function comprises a shell, a first anti-seismic anchoring head rotatably connected to the shell, a damping displacement sensing module arranged in the shell and provided with a damping anti-seismic assembly, and a pull rope assembly having one end arranged in the damping anti-seismic assembly and the other end slidingly penetrating the shell and connected with a second anti-seismic anchoring head.

[0008] Through the cooperation of the pull rope and the damping displacement sensing module, the steep slope displacement monitoring is realized. The shell serves as a protective carrier to isolate the external environment from the internal precision sensor, and the rotation connection provides a guide reference for the movement of the pull rope assembly.

[0009] Optionally, the damping anti-seismic assembly comprises a bin body arranged in the shell and provided with damping fluid, and a low-pass piston slidingly arranged in the bin body and connected to the pull rope assembly.

[0010] Through this design, a physical "low-pass filter" based on the principle of fluid mechanics is constructed. When the slope slowly creeps (low speed), the damping fluid smoothly passes through the throttling structure, and the displacement is normally recorded. When an earthquake or impact occurs (high speed), the damping force increases exponentially with the speed using the fluid dynamics effect (shear thickening or inertial resistance), and the "hydraulic locking" effect is formed instantaneously. This makes the piston approximately rigidly connected under high-frequency impact, filters out high-frequency dynamic signals to some extent, and prevents the pull rope from producing reciprocating invalid pumping due to vibration.

[0011] Optionally, the damping throttling structure comprises a labyrinth flow channel.

[0012] Through this design, the labyrinth flow channel is configured to utilize the fluid dynamics effect generated by the fluid flowing through the winding path to achieve the variable damping characteristic. Specifically, the static flow channel geometry without moving parts (such as multiple turns, sudden contraction or sudden expansion structure) is utilized to achieve dynamic adjustment of the flow resistance. The working principle is that when the low-pass piston moves at a low speed driven by the pull rope assembly (corresponding to the slope creep working condition), the flow rate of the damping fluid in the labyrinth flow channel is low, and the fluid is mainly in a laminar state, and the flow resistance is mainly due to viscous friction, at this time the overall flow resistance is small, allowing the low-pass piston to follow the pull rope to generate displacement; when the flow rate increases dramatically due to an earthquake or impact, the damping fluid generates severe turbulent flow and flow separation at the continuous turns and cross-section changes of the labyrinth flow channel, based on the local head loss principle of fluid mechanics, the flow resistance will increase non-linearly and sharply with the increase of the flow rate. Without relying on mechanical moving parts, the long-term operation reliability and maintenance-free capability of the device are improved, and the interference of dynamic vibration signals on the monitoring accuracy can be effectively attenuated or suppressed at the physical level, while maintaining the monitoring sensitivity of low-frequency quasi-static displacement signals.

[0013] Optionally, the pull rope assembly comprises: a stabilizing rod connected to the low-pass piston and sliding through the warehouse body; and an external rope sliding through the shell body, one end of which is connected to the stabilizing rod and the other end of which is connected to the second anti-seismic anchor head.

[0014] Through this design, the problem of precise positioning and sealing of soft pull rope inside the fluid is solved. The stabilizing rod, as a rigid medium, connects the piston and can withstand the axial damping force generated by the piston without buckling, and also facilitates the installation of a dynamic sealing structure with low friction at the outlet of the warehouse body to prevent leakage of the damping fluid; while the external rope remains flexible and can adapt to complex changes in the external terrain, ensuring the transmission linearity of the damping force and the accuracy of displacement transmission.

[0015] In some embodiments, the pull rope assembly further comprises a tension sensor arranged between the stabilizing rod and the external rope for monitoring the tension received by the pull rope assembly, which can provide an alarm when the tension is too large due to natural disasters or other sudden events. At the same time, when the tension is overloaded, the external rope needs to be avoided, and a flexible valve plate or other technology can be used at the low-pass piston to allow the damping fluid to pass in large quantities when the tension exceeds the threshold.

[0016] Optionally, the damping displacement sensing module further comprises: a pull rope encoder arranged in the shell body; and a suspension assembly arranged between the shell body and the pull rope encoder; wherein the low-pass piston is connected to the pull rope encoder and the pull rope assembly on both sides.

[0017] Through this design, the suspension assembly is used to provide certain protection for the pull rope encoder. The suspension assembly generally uses a high-rigidity spring to improve the inherent frequency of the system to avoid resonance, and cooperates with the damping characteristics of the low-pass piston to filter out high-frequency jitter, while ensuring the rigid coupling accuracy of displacement measurement, and providing effective physical protection for the pull rope encoder against transient impact. It should be noted that the pull rope on the pull rope encoder cannot be directly connected to the low-pass piston, because the pull rope cannot be sealed, and should be connected to the low-pass piston in the same way as the other end of the low-pass piston, through a rod body in the middle.

[0018] Optionally, a spherical hinge mechanism is arranged between the shell and the first anti-seismic anchor head, and a limiting piece is arranged on the spherical hinge mechanism.

[0019] Through this design, the influence of installation errors and non-axial stress on monitoring accuracy is eliminated. The spherical hinge mechanism allows multi-degree-of-freedom rotational adjustment of the shell relative to the anchor point, ensures that the pull rope is always on the optimal stress straight line, and reduces friction or bending of the pull rope at the outlet. At the same time, the limiting piece limits the spherical hinge to maintain the installation position, and takes into account the flexibility of installation and the stability of operation.

[0020] Optionally, the first anti-seismic anchor head and the second anti-seismic anchor head are each provided with an anti-seismic anchor assembly, and the anti-seismic anchor assembly comprises: an end expansion bolt connected to the first anti-seismic anchor head or the second anti-seismic anchor head; and an elastic piece having one end connected to the end expansion bolt and the other end abutting against a reference point or a to-be-measured point of slope displacement monitoring, and being used to provide a continuous pre-tightening force for the end expansion bolt.

[0021] Through this design, the problem that the traditional rigid anchor is prone to loosening and failure under seismic load is solved. Under the impact of an earthquake or blasting, a small relative displacement is generated between the rock-soil body and the bolt, causing the end expansion bolt to loosen. The elastic piece can store elastic potential energy, and when the bolt loosens or the rock body deforms slightly, the elastic piece releases energy to continuously compensate the axial tension, achieving "constant force pre-tightening" and stabilizing the position of the anchor head on the reference surface or the to-be-measured surface.

[0022] Optionally, the end expansion bolt comprises: a threaded rod connected to the first anti-seismic anchor head or the second anti-seismic anchor head; a conical nut threadedly connected to the threaded rod; and an expansion sleeve connected to the threaded rod and sleeved outside the conical nut.

[0023] Through this design, the mechanical wedging principle is used to achieve high-strength anchoring of deep rock-soil. After drilling, the end expansion bolt is placed in, and the conical nut and the inner wall of the hole have an initial friction force. When the threaded rod is rotated inward, the conical nut is pressed against the expansion sleeve under the action of tension, causing the expansion sleeve to expand radially and embed into the rock hole wall. The structure is simple and reliable, and has high bearing capacity, and is particularly suitable for providing uplift resistance on steep rock surfaces.

[0024] Optionally, the elastic piece is a plurality of disc springs.

[0025] Through this design, a larger pre-tightening compensation force can be provided in a smaller axial space. Compared with a common coil spring, the disc spring has the characteristics of large rigidity, short stroke, strong vibration absorption capacity, and can adjust the rigidity characteristics by combination or superposition. In the case of limited space of the anchoring head, the disc spring can effectively resist the risk of anchoring loosening caused by vibration.

[0026] In summary, the application has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The steep slope displacement monitoring device provided by the application realizes displacement monitoring in a steep slope environment through the cooperative matching of the shell, the damping displacement sensing module and the pull rope assembly. The shell, as a protective carrier, effectively isolates the erosion of external rainwater, dust and corrosive gases on the internal precision sensor; its rotary connection design with the first anti-seismic anchoring head provides a self-adaptive guide reference for the extension and contraction movement of the pull rope assembly, facilitating the device to adapt to the installation requirements of the uneven surface of the steep slope. By integrating the damping anti-seismic assembly in the sensing module and cooperating with the anti-seismic anchoring heads at both ends, the device can monitor the displacement of the slope while having the ability to resist seismic waves or environmental high-frequency vibrations, aiming to effectively reduce the interference of external violent vibration on the accuracy of data monitoring, and improve the survival ability and data reliability of the device in harsh field conditions.

[0028] 2. Based on the physical filtering effect of fluid mechanics, the embodiment of the application builds a physical "low-pass filtering" mechanism based on the principle of fluid mechanics through the cooperation of the low-pass piston, the damping fluid and the throttling structure (such as the labyrinth flow channel). By using the rheological properties of fluid at different Reynolds numbers or the principle of local head loss, passive selection of signals of different frequencies is realized: when the slope is creeping (low speed), the fluid resistance is small, ensuring the sensitivity of displacement transmission; when the earthquake impacts (high speed), the fluid inertia effect or turbulence effect makes the flow resistance rise sharply and nonlinearly, producing high damping or even "hydraulic locking" effect. This design does not rely on external energy or complex electronic algorithms, but realizes the attenuation or suppression of high-frequency dynamic interference signals at the physical level, thereby accurately distinguishing the real displacement trend of the slope from environmental vibration noise.

[0029] 3. Sectional transmission and low-friction sealing effect (corresponding to the sectional and low-friction sealing of the pull rope assembly) The embodiment of the present application adopts a sectional pull rope assembly combining a stabilizing rod and an external rope, and cooperates with a low-friction dynamic sealing structure (such as a Gore ring made of PTFE material). The problems of difficulty in sealing and guiding of the soft pull rope in a fluid environment are solved: the high axial stiffness of the stabilizing rod can withstand the axial load under high damping working conditions without buckling, and its smooth surface cooperates with the low-friction sealing element to control the starting friction resistance and running friction resistance at a low level, effectively avoiding the "hysteresis" phenomenon in micro-displacement monitoring; and the external flexible rope retains the adaptability to complex terrain. The combined design improves the linearity of displacement transmission and the monitoring accuracy of micro-deformation under the premise of ensuring the anti-seismic performance of the device.

[0030] 4. The anti-seismic anchoring assembly including a disc spring is arranged at the anchoring end of the present application, and a spherical hinge mechanism is arranged at the connection. The disc spring set utilizes its high stiffness and vibration absorption characteristics to continuously compensate the axial tension by releasing the elastic potential energy when the earthquake load causes the rock-soil body to loosen or micro-deform, realizing "constant force pre-tightening" and preventing anchoring failure. Cooperating with the multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment capability of the spherical hinge mechanism, the device can automatically eliminate the angle deviation of the installation base surface and the stress direction, ensure that the pull rope is always in a better stress straight line, and reduce the influence of non-axial stress and lateral friction on the monitoring data, thereby balancing the flexibility of device installation and the structural stability of long-term operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application serve to provide further understanding of the present application, and the illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitations of the present application. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 The structure schematic view of the steep slope displacement monitoring device with anti-seismic function according to the optional embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 The structure schematic view of the damping displacement sensing module according to the optional embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 The sectional view of the damping displacement sensing module according to the optional embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 The structure schematic view of the anti-seismic anchoring assembly according to the optional embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 The three-dimensional sectional view of the anti-seismic anchoring assembly according to the optional embodiment of the present application;

[0037] The components are as follows: 1. Shell; 11. Ball joint mechanism; 12. Limiting component; 21. First seismic anchor head; 22. Second seismic anchor head; 231. End expansion bolt; 2311. Threaded rod; 2312. Conical nut; 2313. Expansion sleeve; 232. Elastic component; 311. Chamber body; 312. Low-pass piston; 32. Cable encoder; 33. Suspension assembly; 41. Stabilizer bar; 42. External cable. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the technical solutions of this application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "front end", "rear end", "inner side", "outer side", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] A slope displacement monitoring device with seismic resistance is provided, such as... Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the device mainly includes a housing 1, a first seismic anchor head 21, a damping displacement sensing module, and a pull rope assembly. The housing 1 serves as the main support and protective component of the device, and has an internal cavity. The first seismic anchor head 21 is rotatably connected to one end of the housing 1. The damping displacement sensing module is located inside the housing 1, and the module contains a damping seismic component. One end of the pull rope assembly is located inside the damping seismic component, and the other end slides out of the housing 1, and the pull rope assembly is connected to a second seismic anchor head 22. In practical applications, the first seismic anchor head 21 and the second seismic anchor head 22 are respectively installed at the benchmark point and the point to be measured for slope displacement monitoring (or vice versa; those skilled in the art can set it according to the situation); the damping displacement sensing module is configured to monitor the displacement of the pull rope assembly.

[0042] The shell 1 can isolate the erosion of the external rain, dust and corrosive gas to the internal precision sensor. The rotating connection relationship between the shell 1 and the first anti-seismic anchor head 21 provides a guide reference for the extension and contraction movement of the pull rope assembly, which is convenient for the device to adapt to the uneven installation surface of steep slope. When the earthquake wave or other high-frequency vibration occurs, the damping anti-seismic assembly cooperates with the first anti-seismic anchor head 21 and the second anti-seismic anchor head 22, which can improve the overall anti-seismic ability of the device, and effectively reduce the interference of environmental vibration on the data monitoring accuracy.

[0043] It should be noted that the high-frequency vibration in the embodiment is not the "high frequency" in the field of physical acoustics or radio. The main energy of the earthquake wave is concentrated between 0.5 Hz and 10 Hz. Relative to the extremely low speed change of the slope creep, the embodiment is called high-frequency vibration.

[0044] Further, the damping anti-seismic assembly includes a warehouse body 311 and a low-pass piston 312. The warehouse body 311 is fixedly arranged in the shell 1, and the warehouse body 311 is filled with damping fluid (such as high-viscosity hydraulic oil or silicone oil). The low-pass piston 312 is slidingly arranged in the warehouse body 311, which divides the warehouse body 311 into two chambers, and the low-pass piston 312 is connected to the pull rope assembly.

[0045] The low-pass piston 312 is provided with a damping throttle structure for the damping fluid to pass through. The damping throttle structure is configured to increase the flow resistance by using the fluid dynamics effect, so as to generate an effect close to "hydraulic locking". Specifically, it constructs a "low-pass filter" mechanism at the physical level based on the flow resistance characteristics of the fluid at different flow rates:

[0046] Quasi-static working condition (low speed): when the slope slowly creeps and displaces, the pull rope assembly drives the low-pass piston 312 to move at low speed, the Reynolds number of the damping fluid is low, and the fluid mainly shows viscous flow, which can smoothly pass through the damping throttle structure. At this time, the fluid resistance acting on the piston is small, and the displacement of the pull rope can be normally transmitted and recorded;

[0047] Dynamic working condition (high speed): when an earthquake, blasting or rockfall impact occurs, the pull rope assembly is pulled at high frequency and large amplitude, trying to drive the low-pass piston 312 to move at high speed. At this time, the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the damping throttle structure increases dramatically, and the fluid resistance increases exponentially with the speed by using the inertial effect or shear thickening effect of the fluid. A large pressure difference is formed on both sides of the piston, and a "hydraulic locking" effect is generated.

[0048] This mechanism makes the low-pass piston 312 approximately rigidly connected in the warehouse body 311 under high-frequency impact, which can filter out high-frequency dynamic signals and prevent the pull rope from producing reciprocating invalid pumping due to vibration, thereby distinguishing the real displacement of the slope (low-frequency quasi-static signal) from the environmental vibration (high-frequency dynamic signal) at the physical level.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, the damping throttle structure optionally comprises a labyrinth flow channel. The labyrinth flow channel is configured to utilize the hydrodynamic effect generated by the fluid flowing through a tortuous path to achieve the variable damping characteristic. Specifically, the static flow channel geometry (such as multiple turns, sudden contraction or sudden expansion structure) without moving parts is utilized to achieve dynamic adjustment of the flow resistance. The working principle is that when the low-pass piston 312 is moved at low speed by the pull rope assembly (corresponding to the slope creep working condition), the flow rate of the damping fluid in the labyrinth flow channel is low, the fluid is mainly in a laminar state, and the flow resistance is mainly due to viscous friction, at this time the overall flow resistance is small, allowing the low-pass piston 312 to follow the displacement of the pull rope; and when the flow rate increases dramatically due to an earthquake or impact, the damping fluid generates severe turbulence and flow separation at the continuous turns and cross-section changes of the labyrinth flow channel, based on the principle of local head loss of fluid mechanics, the flow resistance will increase non-linearly and sharply with the increase of the flow rate. Without relying on mechanical moving parts, the long-term operation reliability and maintenance-free capability of the device are improved, and the interference of dynamic vibration signals on the monitoring accuracy can be effectively attenuated or suppressed at the physical level, while maintaining the monitoring sensitivity of low-frequency quasi-static displacement signals.

[0050] It should be noted that the specific structure of the low-pass piston 312 and the labyrinth flow channel can be set by those skilled in the art according to the situation, and its effect needs to be tested by routine tests.

[0051] Specifically, a damping fluid with a low viscosity-temperature coefficient should be selected, and an ultra-high viscosity polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone oil can be selected, for example, the kinematic viscosity can be selected as 500000 cSt (25°C). PDMS is generally considered as a Newtonian fluid, but under extremely high shear rate (earthquake impact), it shows shear thinning or viscoelastic characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid. Under the low-speed (slope creep) working condition of the device, its flowability is sufficient to ensure that the piston follows without resistance; and under high-speed impact, a "hydraulic lock" is formed by using its huge viscous resistance.

[0052] In other embodiments, the low-pass piston 312 and the damping throttle structure can be selected from other existing designs, which can be easily achieved by routine tests by those skilled in the art, so it still belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

[0053] In order to solve the sealing and guiding problem of the soft pull rope in the fluid environment, the pull rope assembly adopts a segmented design, including a stabilizing rod 41 and an external rope 42.

[0054] The stabilizing rod 41 is connected to the low-pass piston 312 at one end and extends through the cartridge body 311 to the outside of the cartridge body 311 at the other end. A dynamic sealing structure is provided at the through portion of the stabilizing rod 41 and the cartridge body 311. The external rope 42 is connected to the extended end of the stabilizing rod 41 at one end and connected to the second anti-seismic anchoring head 22 at the other end.

[0055] The stabilizing rod 41 has high axial stiffness and can withstand the axial high damping force generated by the low-pass piston 312 when the hydraulic lock is locked without buckling deformation. At the same time, the smooth and regular outer surface of the stabilizing rod 41 facilitates reliable dynamic sealing at the outlet of the cartridge body 311, preventing internal damping fluid leakage. The external rope 42 remains flexible (such as a steel wire rope or a high polymer fiber rope), which can adapt to the complex changes of the external terrain through the outlet of the shell 1, ensuring the effective transmission of damping force and the linearity of displacement transmission.

[0056] It should be noted that most common rubber O-rings have a large friction coefficient and a "creep" phenomenon, which is not suitable for this technology. Preferably, a combination sealing ring (such as a Glay ring or a Steri-seal) is used. The contact surface of such a sealing ring is PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), which has a very low friction coefficient (<0.04) and no creep, and the starting friction is very small.

[0057] Specifically, the dynamic contact surface at the sealing position is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or its modified composite material, and the friction coefficient should be less than 0.04, and there is no "creep" phenomenon when starting again after long-term static state, reducing the starting friction resistance. Cooperatively, the surface of the stabilizing rod 41 is ground with high precision and plated with hard chromium (the surface roughness Ra value is preferably less than 0.4 μm), which ensures hardness and corrosion resistance while cooperating with the low-friction dynamic sealing assembly to control the friction resistance within the allowable error range of sensor accuracy.

[0058] In some embodiments, the tension rope assembly further includes a tension sensor arranged between the stabilizing rod 41 and the external rope 42 (or arranged at the second anti-seismic anchoring head 22) for monitoring the real-time tension received by the tension rope assembly. When the tension exceeds the preset safety threshold due to natural disasters or other emergencies, the system can issue a warning. In addition, in order to prevent the external rope 42 from breaking due to excessive tension, an overload relief mechanism (such as a pre-tightened spring valve or a flexible valve) can be provided at the low-pass piston 312. When the tension exceeds the critical threshold, the valve opens to allow a large flow of damping fluid to pass through, releasing the hydraulic lock state, in order to protect the integrity of the device structure at the expense of part of the monitoring data.

[0059] The damping displacement sensing module further comprises a pull rope encoder 32 and a suspension assembly 33. The pull rope encoder 32 is arranged in the shell 1, and the suspension assembly 33 is arranged between the shell 1 and the pull rope encoder 32. One side of the low-pass piston 312 is connected to the pull rope assembly, and the other side is connected to the pull rope head of the pull rope encoder 32 through a connecting rod mechanism. It should be particularly pointed out here that since the pull rope of the pull rope encoder 32 cannot meet the sealing requirements of the damping fluid, the pull rope is not directly connected to the piston, but is connected to the encoder through an auxiliary rod body passing through the wall of the warehouse body 311 (also provided with a seal, refer to the structure related to the stabilizing rod 41 described above).

[0060] The suspension assembly 33 (such as a high-rigidity compression spring or a rubber damping block) is used to elastically suspend the pull rope encoder 32 in the shell 1. The high-rigidity spring is used to increase the natural frequency of the system to avoid resonance with common low-frequency vibrations in the environment; at the same time, in cooperation with the damping characteristics of the low-pass piston 312, a mechanical filtering system is formed. While ensuring the rigid coupling accuracy of displacement measurement, the pull rope encoder 32 is effectively protected against transient impact, reducing the risk of sensor damage due to severe vibration.

[0061] The shell 1 and the first anti-seismic anchor head 21 are provided with a spherical hinge mechanism 11, and the spherical hinge mechanism 11 is provided with a limiting piece 12. The spherical hinge mechanism 11 allows the shell 1 to rotate with multiple degrees of freedom relative to the anchor point, can automatically compensate for the angle deviation between the installation base surface and the measurement direction, eliminate the influence of installation errors and non-axial stress on monitoring accuracy, ensure that the pull rope is always on a better straight line under stress, and reduce excessive lateral friction or bending of the external connecting rope 42 at the outlet of the shell 1. The limiting piece 12 (the specific structure of which is a limiting bolt or the like, and there are many conventional technologies that can be selected, which will not be described here) is used to limit the rotation range of the spherical hinge to prevent the shell 1 from rotating too much, causing internal wiring to be tangled or the pull rope to be rubbed hard at the outlet of the shell 1, thereby balancing the flexibility of installation and the stability of long-term operation.

[0062] Specifically, the end of the shell 1 of the embodiment is also provided with a flexible bellows, which can avoid damage to the external connecting rope 42 due to a large angle between the shell 1 and the stabilizing rod 41, and can also prevent dust from entering and adhering to the stabilizing rod 41, affecting the dynamic sealing effect and measurement accuracy.

[0063] In view of the problem that traditional rigid anchors are prone to loosening and failure under seismic load, the first anti-seismic anchor head 21 and the second anti-seismic anchor head 22 are each provided with an anti-seismic anchor assembly. The anti-seismic anchor assembly comprises an end expansion bolt 231 and an elastic piece 232.

[0064] The end expansion bolt 231 is used to implant into the rock-soil body and is connected to the first anti-seismic anchoring head 21 or the second anti-seismic anchoring head 22. The elastic member 232 (preferably a disc spring group composed of a plurality of disc spring pairs) is sleeved on the bolt tail, one end of which is connected to the locking nut of the end expansion bolt 231, and the other end abuts against the surface of the reference point or the point to be measured of the slope displacement monitoring (or abuts against through a gasket).

[0065] Under the impact of an earthquake or blasting, a small relative displacement or creep may occur between the rock-soil body and the bolt, resulting in a sharp drop in the pre-tightening force due to rigid contact. At this time, the disc spring in the compressed state can release the stored elastic potential energy and continuously compensate the axial tension through deformation, realizing "constant force pre-tightening". Compared with ordinary coil springs, disc springs have the characteristics of large stiffness, short travel and strong vibration absorption capacity, and can effectively resist the risk of anchoring loosening caused by vibration in the case of limited space of the anchoring head.

[0066] Specifically, the end expansion bolt 231 includes a threaded rod 2311, a conical nut 2312 and an expansion sleeve 2313. The conical nut 2312 is threadedly connected to the end of the threaded rod 2311; and the expansion sleeve 2313 is sleeved outside the conical nut 2312. After drilling, the assembly is placed, and by using the mechanical wedge tightening principle, when the threaded rod 2311 is rotated, the conical nut 2312 moves axially under the action of tension and extrudes the expansion sleeve 2313, forcing the expansion sleeve 2313 to expand radially and embed into the rock hole wall, realizing high-strength anchoring of deep rock-soil, and being particularly suitable for providing high-reliability uplift resistance on the steep slope rock base surface. In some embodiments, the outer layer of the expansion sleeve 2313 can also be provided with a structure for improving friction to improve the contact friction with the drilled hole and improve the overall reliability of the end expansion bolt 231.

[0067] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application are shown and described above. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A steep slope side slope displacement monitoring device with anti-shock function, characterized in that, The application relates to a slope displacement monitoring device. The device comprises a shell (1) with a first anti-seismic anchor head (21) rotatably connected to the shell (1); a damping displacement sensing module arranged in the shell (1) and provided with a damping anti-seismic assembly; and a pull rope assembly with one end arranged in the damping anti-seismic assembly and the other end sliding out of the shell (1) and connected to a second anti-seismic anchor head (22). The first anti-seismic anchor head (21) and the second anti-seismic anchor head (22) are respectively arranged at a reference point and a measuring point of the slope displacement monitoring; and the damping displacement sensing module is configured to monitor the displacement of the pull rope assembly. The damping anti-seismic assembly comprises a bin body (311) arranged in the shell (1) and provided with damping fluid; and a low-pass piston (312) slidingly arranged in the bin body (311) and connected to the pull rope assembly. The low-pass piston (312) is provided with a damping throttling structure for the damping fluid; and the damping throttling structure is configured to increase fluid resistance by using fluid dynamics effect according to the moving speed of the pull rope assembly.

2. The slope displacement monitoring device of claim 1, wherein, The damping throttling structure comprises a labyrinth flow channel. The pull rope assembly comprises a stabilizing rod (41) connected to the low-pass piston (312) and slidingly penetrating the bin body (311); and an external rope (42) sliding out of the shell (1) and connected to the stabilizing rod (41) at one end and to the second anti-seismic anchor head (22) at the other end. The damping displacement sensing module further comprises a pull rope encoder (32) arranged in the shell (1); and a suspension assembly (33) arranged between the shell (1) and the pull rope encoder (32). The low-pass piston (312) is connected to the pull rope encoder (32) and the pull rope assembly at two sides.

3. The slope displacement monitoring device of claim 2, wherein, A spherical hinge mechanism (11) is arranged between the shell (1) and the first anti-seismic anchor head (21), and a limiting piece (12) is arranged on the spherical hinge mechanism (11).

4. The slope displacement monitoring device of claim 2, wherein, The first anti-seismic anchor head (21) and the second anti-seismic anchor head (22) are both provided with an anti-seismic anchoring assembly, which comprises an end expansion bolt (231) connected to the first anti-seismic anchor head (21) or the second anti-seismic anchor head (22); and an elastic piece (232) connected to the end expansion bolt (231) at one end and abutting against the reference point or the measuring point of the slope displacement monitoring at the other end, for providing continuous pre-tightening force to the end expansion bolt (231). The end expansion bolt (231) comprises a threaded rod (2311) connected to the first anti-seismic anchor head (21) or the second anti-seismic anchor head (22); a conical nut (2312) threadedly connected to the threaded rod (2311); and an expansion sleeve (2313) connected to the threaded rod (2311) and sleeved outside the conical nut (2312). The elastic piece (232) is a plurality of disc springs.

5. The slope displacement monitoring device of claim 2, wherein, ​ ​ ​ ​ 6. The slope displacement monitoring device of claim 1, wherein, ​ 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, ​ ​ ​ 8. The slope displacement monitoring device of claim 7, wherein, ​ ​ ​ ​ 9. The slope displacement monitoring device of claim 7, wherein, ​

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