Lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system and unmanned aerial vehicle
By using a battery box with an anti-expansion component and inner liner design, combined with zoned heating and aerogel insulation technology, the problems of short flight time, uneven heating, and lithium metal battery expansion in drones under low-temperature conditions have been solved. This has achieved lightweighting and efficient heating of the battery system, improving the drone's flight time and battery life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
The problems include short flight time in low-temperature environments, uneven heating, high heat loss, and rapid capacity decay caused by the expansion of lithium metal battery packs during charging.
The battery box, which employs an expansion-suppressing component and inner lining design, combines zoned heating and aerogel insulation technology to achieve close contact of the battery pack by suppressing the expansion of lithium metal batteries. It also uses carbon fiber and PMI in-membrane foaming technology to reduce weight, and uses zoned heating film and aerogel insulation structure to improve the temperature uniformity and insulation effect of the battery system.
It improves the cycle life and safety of lithium metal battery packs, ensures normal start-up of the battery system in low-temperature environments, enhances the drone's endurance and average battery life, and shortens charging time.
Smart Images
Figure CN224053292U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to a kind of lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system and unmanned aerial vehicle, belong to unmanned aerial vehicle technical field. BACKGROUND
[0002] For pure electric unmanned aerial vehicle, battery system is the only source of power of unmanned aerial vehicle, the energy of battery system determines the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicle, and the energy density of battery system is crucial, with the diversity of unmanned aerial vehicle application scene and the intensification of industry competition, higher requirements are put forward for the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicle;Unmanned aerial vehicle has been a problem to be solved in low-temperature environment use flight, affected by the characteristics of lithium battery, in low-temperature environment, the activity of chemical substance in battery reduces, battery internal resistance increases, battery polarization intensifies, performance will seriously decline, not only affect the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicle, but also cause unmanned aerial vehicle to trigger low pressure landing or trigger battery overdischarge protection after taking off, which will cause unmanned aerial vehicle to crash. At present, lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system mostly uses lithium ion battery, and the energy density of lithium ion battery is difficult to be greatly improved at present stage, and the expansion rate of lithium metal battery is as high as about 30% in use process, so alloy metal thickened box body is mostly used, which greatly reduces its energy density and cycle life. At the same time, when unmanned aerial vehicle is used in low temperature, battery system mostly uses heating film heating of same power, which is easy to cause large temperature difference, thereby causing large pressure difference problem in flight process. After unmanned aerial vehicle takes off, a layer of cloth bag or foam material for heat insulation is sleeved outside battery system, but the effect is not ideal. UTILITARIAN CONTENT
[0003] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system and unmanned aerial vehicle, to solve the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicle in low-temperature environment, uneven heating, high heat loss and lithium metal battery pack charging expansion cause capacity attenuation too fast and other problems, so as to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
[0004] To achieve the foregoing utility model purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model includes:
[0005] The utility model discloses a first aspect of embodiment provides a kind of lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system, including battery box and at least one battery pack, the battery box includes box and lid, the lid is openably arranged on the box, the lid and the box form a closed space, the battery pack is encapsulated in the closed space, the box includes box shell, at least one lining plate and inhibiting expansion component, the lining plate is arranged on the inside of the box shell, the battery pack is arranged on the side of the lining plate, the lining plate is movably connected with the box shell, the lining plate has the translational freedom of translation along selected direction, the inhibiting expansion component is arranged between the lining plate and the box shell, the inhibiting expansion component is used to make the lining plate always and the battery pack on its side keep close contact state, wherein the selected direction is the length or width direction of the box shell.
[0006] Further, the side wall of the box shell is provided with a track extending along the selected direction, and the two sides of the lining plate are fixedly provided with sliding blocks, the sliding blocks are movably matched with the track and can move along the track.
[0007] Further, the track is a chute provided on the side wall of the box shell.
[0008] Further, the inhibiting expansion component includes a plurality of elastic members, and the two ends of each elastic member are fixedly connected with the box shell and the lining plate.
[0009] Further, the elastic member includes a spring.
[0010] In a more specific embodiment, the battery box further includes a partition structure, the partition structure is arranged in the box, and the partition structure divides the closed space into a plurality of accommodation cavities, each of the accommodation cavities is provided with one battery pack and at least one lining plate.
[0011] In a more specific embodiment, the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system further includes at least one heating component, each heating component corresponds to one battery pack and is used for heating the corresponding battery pack.
[0012] Further, each heating component includes m heating films, each battery pack includes n electric cells arranged in sequence in the selected direction, the heating films are attached to the surfaces of the electric cells, the powers of p heating films in the m heating films are different, m≥p≥2, and n≥2.
[0013] Further, the battery pack further includes at least one silica gel sheet, and the silica gel sheet is attached to the surface of the electric cell on the side not attached with the heating film.
[0014] Further, the m heating films include at least one first heating film, at least one second heating film, at least one third heating film, and at least one fourth heating film, wherein the heating power of the first heating film > the heating power of the second heating film > the heating power of the third heating film > the heating power of the fourth heating film.
[0015] Further, the first heating film is arranged on the side of the first battery away from the second battery, between the second battery and the third battery, the second heating film is arranged between the first battery and the second battery, the fourth heating film is arranged between the n-2th battery, the n-1th battery and the nth battery, and the third heating film is arranged between the remaining batteries, wherein n is greater than or equal to 6.
[0016] In a more specific embodiment, the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system further comprises at least one buffer structure corresponding to each battery pack, and the buffer structure is arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the battery pack.
[0017] Further, the buffer structure is a high-elasticity foam structure.
[0018] In a more specific embodiment, the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system further comprises a high-voltage composite, a BMU composite, at least one NTC temperature sensor, a high-voltage output connector, and a low-voltage communication connector, wherein the high-voltage composite, the BMU composite, and the NTC temperature sensor are encapsulated inside the battery box, each NTC temperature sensor is fixedly arranged at the tab of the positive and negative total battery of each battery pack, the high-voltage composite and the BMU composite are electrically connected to the battery pack, the high-voltage output connector and the low-voltage communication connector are arranged outside the box cover, the high-voltage output connector is electrically connected to the high-voltage composite, and the low-voltage communication connector is electrically connected to the BMU composite.
[0019] In a more specific embodiment, the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system further comprises a heat preservation structure wrapped outside the battery box.
[0020] Further, the heat preservation structure includes an aerogel heat preservation structure.
[0021] The second aspect of the embodiment of the utility model provides an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the power supply of the unmanned aerial vehicle includes the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system provided in the embodiments of the utility model include: the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system can effectively constrain the expansion of lithium metal batteries, improve the cycle life and safety of lithium metal battery packs, at the same time, the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system provided in the embodiments of the utility model has the functions of heat preservation and partition heating, the temperature difference of the system is small, and the normal start of the battery system at an ambient temperature of 20 DEG C can be realized; and the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system provided in the embodiments of the utility model also has the advantages of small volume, high integration and light weight, and the energy density of the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system reaches 400 wh / kg. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.
[0024] Figure 1 is a structure explosion map of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system provided in a typical embodiment case of the utility model;
[0025] Figure 2 is a top view of a box body of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system provided in a typical embodiment case of the utility model;
[0026] Figure 3 is a local structure schematic view of a box body of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system provided in a typical embodiment case of the utility model;
[0027] Figure 4 is a structure schematic view of a single battery pack of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system provided in a typical embodiment case of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present inventors have long-term research and a large number of practices, and have proposed the technical solutions of the utility model. The technical solutions, the implementation process and principles will be further explained and described in combination with the drawings and specific embodiment cases below. Unless specifically described, the high-voltage composite, the BMU composite, the at least one NTC temperature sensor, the high-voltage output connector, the low-voltage communication connector, the copper bar, the battery cell and the heating film involved in the embodiments of the utility model are all known in the art, and they can all be obtained by market purchase. The structure of the constituent members itself is not the improvement point of the utility model, and is not limited here, and the specific product model is not limited.
[0029] In a more typical embodiment, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 A lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system, comprising a battery box, a battery pack 3, a high-voltage composite 13, a BMU composite 10, an NTC temperature sensor 8, and a high-voltage output connector 11, a low-voltage communication connector 12, the inside of the battery box has a closed space formed by itself, the battery pack 3, the high-voltage composite 13, the BMU composite 10, and the NTC temperature sensor 8 are packaged in the closed space inside the battery box, the high-voltage output connector 11 and the low-voltage communication connector 12 are fixedly arranged outside the battery box, each NTC temperature sensor 8 is fixedly arranged at the lug of the total positive and total negative cell of each battery pack 3, the high-voltage composite 13 and the BMU composite 10 are respectively electrically connected with the battery pack 3, the high-voltage output connector 11 and the low-voltage communication connector 12 are arranged outside the box cover 2, the high-voltage output connector 11 is electrically connected with the high-voltage composite 13, and the low-voltage communication connector 12 is electrically connected with the BMU composite 10.
[0030] The above-mentioned lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system has a basic structure, wherein the high-voltage composite 13, the BMU (Battery Management Unit) composite, at least one NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) temperature sensor 8, the high-voltage output connector 11, and the low-voltage communication connector 12 are all known components in the field. For example, the NTC temperature sensor 8 is fixed on the battery pack 3 by heat-conducting silicone, the high-voltage composite 13 includes a plastic bracket and electrical devices mounted on the plastic bracket, the electrical devices of the high-voltage composite 13 are connected with the battery pack 3 through a copper bar 9, and the BMU composite 10 includes a carbon fiber bracket and a BMU acquisition board arranged on the carbon fiber bracket, and the BMU acquisition board is connected with the battery pack 3 through a cable.
[0031] Specifically, the battery box includes a box body 1, a box cover 2, and a partition structure, the box cover 2 is arranged openably at the opening end of the box body 1, the box cover 2 and the box body 1 form a closed space, the partition structure is arranged in the box body 1 and divides the closed space into a plurality of accommodation cavities, and each battery pack 3 is arranged in a corresponding accommodation cavity. Specifically, the high-voltage output connector 11 and the low-voltage communication connector 12 can be fixed on the box cover 2.
[0032] Specifically, the box cover 2 can be connected with the box body 1 through a threaded connection member such as a bolt. Specifically, the partition structure can be formed by a plurality of partition plates fixedly intersecting, the partition plates are perpendicular to the side wall of the box body 1 and jointly form a plurality of accommodation cavities with the box body 1, that is, the side wall of each accommodation cavity includes a partition plate and the box body 1. Figure 1 andFigure 3 The case that six accommodation cavities are formed in the battery box by the partition structure is shown in the figure, the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system includes six battery packs 3, and the six battery packs 3 are respectively arranged in the six accommodation cavities. Exemplarily, the box body 11 and the box cover 21 are both composite material members formed of carbon fiber and PMI material, and the partition structure can also be formed of the same composite material member of the box body 1, and PMI in-mold foaming technology is adopted to achieve the purpose of lightweight while ensuring the strength of the box body 1 and the box cover 2, wherein the PMI density is 0.1 g / cm 3 The composite material battery box has the characteristic of lightweight, and the weight of the composite material battery box is much lighter than that of the carbon fiber box body 1.
[0033] Specifically, in order to overcome the swelling problem of lithium metal batteries during use, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The box body 1 includes a box shell 101, a plurality of lining plates 103, and a swelling suppression assembly, the lining plates 103 are arranged on the inner side of the box shell 101 (i.e. arranged in the accommodation cavity and constitute the side wall of the accommodation cavity), the lining plates 103 are arranged on one side of the battery pack along a selected direction, the lining plates 103 are movably connected with the box shell 101, the lining plates 103 have a translational degree of freedom along the selected direction, and the swelling suppression assembly is arranged between the lining plates 103 and the box shell 101, and the swelling suppression assembly is used to keep the lining plates 103 in close contact with the battery pack on one side of the lining plates 103, wherein the selected direction is the length or width direction of the box shell 101, and the volume of the battery core will swell by more than 30% when charged, and the swelling suppression assembly between the box shell 101 and the lining plates 103 can effectively resist the swelling of the battery pack and improve the cycle life of the battery pack. Specifically, the force driving the lining plates 103 to move along the selected direction is the resultant force of the swelling suppression assembly, the battery pack and the lining plates 103 in contact.
[0034] Specifically, the side wall / partition structure of the box shell 101 is provided with a track 102 extending along the selected direction, and the two sides of the lining plate 103 are fixedly provided with a sliding block 104, the sliding block 104 is movably connected with the track 102 and can move along the track 102. Specifically, the track 102 is a sliding groove arranged on the side wall / partition structure (partition plate) of the box shell 101.
[0035] Specifically, the swelling suppression assembly includes a plurality of elastic members 4, and the two ends of the elastic members 4 are respectively fixedly connected with the box shell 101 and the lining plate 103, Figure 3In a typical embodiment shown in the figure, the plurality of inner lining plates are combined into two inner lining plate groups, which are oppositely arranged along the width direction of the box body 1, and each inner lining plate group includes three inner lining plates 103 arranged in sequence along the length direction of the box body 1, each inner lining plate 103 corresponding to a receiving cavity. For example, the elastic member 4 includes a spring, which can be fixedly connected with the box shell 101 and the inner lining plate 103 by riveting or the like. The elastic restoring force of the elastic member 4 drives the inner lining plate 103 to always adhere to the battery pack. The specific size and characteristic parameters of the spring are not limited here. For example, the material of the inner lining plate 103 can be the same as that of the box body 1.
[0036] For details, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Each battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, for example, the battery cell is a lithium metal battery cell, and the energy density of the lithium metal battery cell is ≥500 wh / kg. Specifically, the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system further includes a heating assembly 5 corresponding to each battery pack, and each heating assembly 5 is used for heating the corresponding battery pack. More specifically, each heating assembly 5 includes m heating films, each battery pack includes n battery cells arranged in sequence along the selected direction, m heating films are distributed in different areas of the battery pack, the heating film is attached to the surface of the battery cell, the power of p of the m heating films is different, m≥p≥2, n≥2, and the battery pack can further include at least one silica gel sheet 6, the silica gel sheet 6 is attached to the surface of the battery cell on which the heating film is not attached, for example, the thickness of the silica gel sheet 66 is 0.5 mm, and the heating film can be a PI heating film or the like.
[0037] Specifically, the m heating films include at least one first heating film 51, at least one second heating film 52, at least one third heating film 53, and at least one fourth heating film 54, the heating power of the first heating film 51 > the heating power of the second heating film 52 > the heating power of the third heating film 53 > the heating power of the fourth heating film 54. In a typical embodiment, the first heating film 51 is arranged on the side of the first battery cell away from the second battery cell, between the second battery cell and the third battery cell, the second heating film 52 is arranged between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, the fourth heating film 54 is arranged between the n-2th battery cell, the n-1th battery cell, and the nth battery cell, and the third heating film 53 is arranged between the remaining battery cells, n≥6.
[0038] For example, each battery pack includes eleven cells, i.e., n=11. For ease of description and understanding, the cells are numbered starting from the outside of the battery pack. A first heating film 51 is attached to the outside of the first cell and between the second and third cells. A second heating film 52 is attached between the first and second cells. A fourth heating film 54 is attached between the ninth, tenth, and eleventh cells. The third heating film 53 is attached between the remaining cells. Specifically, a zoned heating mode is adopted to ensure that the cells are heated evenly during the heating process, avoiding excessive temperature differences and voltage differences caused by temperature differences, thereby improving the power supply capacity of the battery system.
[0039] Please refer again to a more detailed implementation plan. Figure 1 The battery box is also equipped with a buffer structure 7, which is located at the bottom and around the battery pack. For example, the buffer structure 7 is a high-elastic foam structure, which is fixed to the outside of the battery pack by adhesive.
[0040] Specifically, in order to enable the battery system to have excellent heat preservation effect in low temperature environment, the battery box is also covered with a heat preservation structure 14. The heat preservation structure 14 can be a heat preservation pad. For example, the thickness of the heat preservation pad is 5mm, and the material of the heat preservation pad can be aerogel, etc., with a low temperature thermal conductivity of 0.009W / (K·m). The heat preservation pad is pasted to the surface of the box body 1 and the box cover 2 using aerogel composite adhesive, and the joint of the heat preservation pad is filled with aerogel composite adhesive.
[0041] This utility model provides a lightweight drone battery system. By configuring a battery box with anti-expansion components and an inner liner, it can effectively reduce the volume expansion of the lithium metal battery pack during charging, thereby improving the cycle life of the lithium metal battery pack. The design of the anti-expansion components inside the battery box promotes the commercial application of lithium metal battery packs. The energy density of lithium metal batteries (≥500Wh / kg) is much higher than the energy density of existing lithium-ion batteries (350Wh / kg), achieving lightweighting at the battery energy density level. Simultaneously, by utilizing carbon fiber materials and PMI in-membrane foaming technology, the weight of the battery box is significantly lighter than that of the carbon fiber material casing, achieving lightweighting. The quantitative composite material technology further improves the energy density of the battery system, achieving a lighter battery system and thus increasing the drone's range. Simultaneously, the lightweight drone battery system provided in this embodiment employs zoned heating and aerogel insulation technology to ensure the uniformity of the battery pack temperature in low-temperature conditions, preventing performance degradation caused by excessive temperature differences and ensuring normal operation of the battery system. This improves the low-temperature operating efficiency of the lightweight drone battery system, resulting in increased drone range in low-temperature environments, reduced heat loss, and also improved battery lifespan and charging efficiency, while shortening charging time.
[0042] The embodiments of the present application are described above with reference to the drawings; however, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative rather than restrictive; thus, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of the present application, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and to implement it, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application. Any equivalent change or modification made according to the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system, comprising a battery box and at least one battery pack, the battery box comprising a box body and a box cover, the box cover being openably arranged on the box body, the box cover and the box body enclosing a closed space, the battery pack being encapsulated in the closed space, characterized in that: The box body comprises a box shell, at least one inner lining plate arranged inside the box shell, and a swelling suppression assembly, the battery pack is arranged on one side of the inner lining plate, the inner lining plate is movably connected with the box shell, the inner lining plate has a translational degree of freedom in a selected direction, the swelling suppression assembly is arranged between the inner lining plate and the box shell, and the swelling suppression assembly is used for keeping the inner lining plate and the battery pack on one side of the inner lining plate in close contact, wherein the selected direction is the length or width direction of the box shell.
2. The lightweight UAV battery system of claim 1, wherein: A rail extending in the selected direction is arranged on the side wall of the box shell, and sliding blocks are fixedly arranged on both sides of the inner lining plate, the sliding blocks are movably connected with the rail and can move along the rail. The rail is a chute arranged on the side wall of the box shell.
3. The lightweight UAV battery system of claim 1 or 2, wherein: The swelling suppression assembly comprises a plurality of elastic members, and the two ends of each elastic member are fixedly connected with the box shell and the inner lining plate. The elastic member comprises a spring.
4. The lightweight UAV battery system of claim 1 or 2, wherein: The battery box further comprises a partition structure arranged in the box body, the partition structure divides the closed space into a plurality of accommodation cavities, and each accommodation cavity is provided with one battery pack and at least one inner lining plate.
5. The lightweight UAV battery system of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: At least one heating assembly, each heating assembly corresponding to a battery pack, and used for heating the battery pack corresponding thereto.
6. The lightweight UAV battery system of claim 5, wherein: Each heating assembly comprises m heating films, each battery pack comprises n electric cores arranged in sequence in the selected direction, the heating film is attached to the surface of the electric core, the power of p heating films in the m heating films is different, m≥p≥2, and n≥2. The battery pack further comprises at least one silica gel sheet, and the silica gel sheet is attached to the surface of the electric core on which no heating film is attached. The m heating films comprise at least one first heating film, at least one second heating film, at least one third heating film and at least one fourth heating film, the heating power of the first heating film is greater than that of the second heating film, the heating power of the second heating film is greater than that of the third heating film, and the heating power of the third heating film is greater than that of the fourth heating film. The first heating film is arranged on the side of the first electric core away from the second electric core, the second heating film is arranged between the first electric core and the second electric core, the fourth heating film is arranged between the n-2th electric core, the n-1th electric core and the nth electric core, and the third heating film is arranged between the remaining electric cores, n≥6.
7. The lightweight UAV battery system of claim 1 or 5, wherein, Further comprising: At least one buffer structure, each buffer structure corresponding to a battery pack, the buffer structure being arranged at the bottom and around the battery pack. The buffer structure is a high-elasticity foam structure.
8. The lightweight UAV battery system of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: The high-voltage composite, the BMU composite, at least one NTC temperature sensor, and a high-voltage output connector and a low-voltage communication connector are packaged inside the battery box, each NTC temperature sensor is fixedly arranged at the lug of the total positive and negative cell of each battery pack, the high-voltage composite and the BMU composite are respectively electrically connected with the battery pack, the high-voltage output connector and the low-voltage communication connector are arranged outside the box cover, the high-voltage output connector is electrically connected with the high-voltage composite, and the low-voltage communication connector is electrically connected with the BMU composite.
9. The lightweight UAV battery system of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: A heat preservation structure wrapped outside the battery box; And / or, the heat preservation structure comprises an aerogel heat preservation structure.
10. A drone, characterized in that, The power supply of the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle battery system of any one of claims 1-9.