Device for on-line detection of alkali leakage of electrolytic cell gasket

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for on-line detection of alkali leakage of an electrolytic cell gasket, which comprises a deformable detector carrier, and the detector carrier is arranged on the excircle surface of a polar plate through deformation profiling fitting or at a certain interval; a plurality of detection parts are integrated on the detector carrier, the plurality of detection parts form a space sensor array arranged around the electrolytic cell in a specific number mode on the periphery of the electrolytic cell, and the number of the detection parts corresponds to a position code of a preset monitoring point on the electrolytic cell model; data of each detection component is sampled at a specific frequency to form data chains, each data chain is analyzed in real time, and gradient mutation of the data chains is used as a leakage judgment basis. The method has the advantages of high response speed, high detection sensitivity and high positioning precision, and various key indexes comprehensively exceed those of a traditional method; in the aspect of economic benefits, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, and accident loss is reduced; and the safety is high, passive coping is upgraded to active protection, and the safety risk caused by alkali liquor leakage is thoroughly solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production technology, specifically to a device for online detection of alkali leakage in the gaskets of an electrolyzer. Background Technology

[0002] Electrolyzers operate under high pressure, high temperature, and strong alkalinity. The sealing gaskets between the end plates and electrodes are prone to aging or deformation due to long-term mechanical stress, chemical corrosion, and thermal cycling, leading to alkaline leakage. In green electricity-to-hydrogen scenarios, the current density of the electrolyzer is increased to 10,000 A / m³. 2 As shown above, Joule heating increases significantly, exacerbating the temperature gradient in the gasket area and increasing the risk of leakage. The volatility of renewable energy sources (wind and solar power) leads to frequent start-ups and shutdowns of the electrolyzer, subjecting the gasket to cyclical thermal stress and accelerating aging and leakage. Currently, manual inspections and video monitoring are generally used, which cannot detect early leaks in a timely manner.

[0003] Manual inspections and video surveillance have the following drawbacks:

[0004] Lag: Relying on manual inspections or offline detection, it is impossible to detect early leaks in real time;

[0005] High false alarm rate: Single sensors (such as humidity sensors) are easily affected by the high humidity environment inside the electrolytic cell;

[0006] Difficulty in locating leaks: Leaks are often located in the hidden gaps of the end pressure plates, making it difficult to pinpoint them accurately using conventional methods.

[0007] In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a device and method for real-time, high-precision detection of alkali leakage in electrolytic cell gaskets. By combining multi-parameter sensing and intelligent algorithms, early warning of leakage can be achieved, and safety measures such as shutdown and isolation can be linked to prevent alkali leakage from causing equipment damage or safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method and apparatus for online detection of alkali leakage in electrolytic cell gaskets.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an online detection device for alkali leakage of the gasket of an electrolytic cell, comprising a deformable detector carrier, wherein the detector carrier is disposed on the outer circular surface of the electrode plate by deforming and conforming to the shape or maintaining a certain distance; a plurality of detection components are integrated on the detector carrier, and the plurality of detection components are arranged in a spatial sensor array around the electrolytic cell by specific numbering.

[0010] The detector carrier includes at least an annular circuit board module surrounding the gasket between the end pressure plate and the electrode plate, and detection components are provided on several annular circuit board modules; the annular circuit board module has a latitudinal flexible circuit board arranged along the circumference of the electrolytic cell and an axial flexible circuit board arranged along the axis of the electrolytic cell, and the latitudinal flexible circuit board and the axial flexible circuit board are arranged in a ladder-like manner.

[0011] Furthermore, several axial flexible circuit boards are distributed between two latitudinal flexible circuit boards, the distance between the two latitudinal flexible circuit boards is greater than the distance between the electrode plates, the connection end of the two latitudinal flexible circuit boards is provided with a latitudinal expansion and contraction compensation component, and the axial flexible circuit board is provided with an axial expansion and contraction compensation component.

[0012] Furthermore, the annular circuit board module adopts a modular and detachable structure. The annular circuit board module is divided into several segments, which are electrically connected by spring pins to accommodate electrode plates of different diameters. A lateral expansion and contraction compensation component is provided at at least one segment interface.

[0013] Furthermore, the annular circuit board module includes two parallel latitudinal flexible circuit boards, which are respectively attached to the outer walls of the two electrode plates. Several axial flexible circuit boards are arranged between the two latitudinal flexible circuit boards. At least on the side of the axial flexible circuit boards facing the electrolytic cell, detection components are arranged, so that the detection components are distributed in a spaced ring around the outer periphery of the pad.

[0014] Furthermore, the latitudinal telescopic compensation component includes a connection between a spring and an adjusting screw; a spring is connected to one end of a latitudinal flexible circuit board, and an adjusting screw is connected to the end of the spring; a baffle is provided at the end of another latitudinal flexible circuit board for the adjusting screw to pass through, and an adjusting nut is screwed onto the adjusting screw after it passes through the baffle.

[0015] Furthermore, the axial expansion compensation component includes a pleated structure formed on an axial flexible circuit board. The pleated structure is a pre-fabricated pleated or wavy structure on the flexible circuit board, which enables it to release deformation stress.

[0016] Furthermore, steps are provided on both sides of two adjacent electrode plates, and two adjacent steps form a positioning groove for mounting the annular circuit board mold. The latitudinal flexible circuit board is sleeved and positioned on the steps, and the axial flexible circuit board spans the gap between the two electrode plates. A positioning protrusion is formed on the steps for positioning the latitudinal flexible circuit board, and a through hole is opened on the latitudinal flexible circuit board to cooperate with it.

[0017] Furthermore, the detection component includes a temperature detection sensor, which is used to monitor circumferential temperature changes at a preset point; the temperature detection sensor is one or more of the following: a grating temperature sensor, a thermistor, a flexible thin-film temperature sensor, a thermocouple, and an infrared temperature sensor.

[0018] Furthermore, the detection component includes a humidity detection sensor, which is used to monitor circumferential humidity changes at a preset point; the humidity detection sensor is one or more of a capacitive humidity sensor, a resistive humidity sensor, a flexible thin-film humidity sensor, and a fiber optic humidity sensor.

[0019] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the method for online detection of alkali leakage in electrolytic cell gaskets has a fast response speed, high detection sensitivity, and high positioning accuracy, and all key indicators surpass traditional methods; in terms of economic benefits, it reduces operation and maintenance costs and reduces accident losses; in terms of safety, it upgrades from passive response to active protection and completely solves the safety risks caused by alkali leakage. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the device for online detection of alkali leakage in electrolytic cell gaskets, as described in this invention, installed on an electrolytic cell;

[0021] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the alkali leakage monitoring device composed of the detector carrier in this invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an explosion between the detector carrier and the detection component in this invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a front view of a single ring-shaped circuit board module in this invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the latitudinal expansion and contraction compensation component in this invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ladder-shaped flexible circuit board unit in this invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the axial expansion and contraction compensation component in this invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning ring groove formed between the two electrode plates in this invention;

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Detector carrier; 2. Electrolytic cell; 3. Detection component; 4. Ring circuit board module; 5. Electrode plate; 6. Gasket; 7. Spare sensor array; 8. Flexible circuit board unit; 9. Weft-direction telescopic compensation component; 10. Weft-direction flexible circuit board; 11. Axial flexible circuit board; 12. Ladder-shaped; 13. Axial telescopic compensation component; 14. Spring; 15. Adjusting screw; 16. Baffle; 17. Adjusting nut; 18. Pleated structure; 19. Step; 20. Positioning ring groove; 21. Positioning protrusion; 22. Perforation. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] A method for online detection of alkali leakage in an electrolytic cell gasket includes a deformable detector carrier 1. The detector carrier 1 is deformably fitted to or spaced at a certain distance from the outer circular surface of an electrode plate 5. Since the electrolytic cell 2 is typically cylindrical, a pull rod is strung between the two end plates, with a certain distance between the pull rod and the electrode plate 5. The detector carrier 1 can be placed within this distance. Furthermore, the surface of the electrolytic cell 2 is a cylindrical curved surface. In this embodiment, the deformable detector carrier 1 can be adapted to the surface of the electrolytic cell 2, and the surrounding design can form a monitoring without blind spots. In the prior art, manual inspection is required, which can only visually inspect the sides facing the inspection route. It is not convenient to inspect the back, top, and bottom surfaces of the electrolytic cell 2. The surrounding design in this embodiment has the advantages of no blind spots, full automation, and timely monitoring.

[0031] Specifically, the detector carrier 1 is a flexible circuit board, giving it deformation freedom in the axial and / or radial directions of the electrolytic cell 2. The flexible circuit board uses polyimide (PI) or polyester (PET) as its substrate and is bendable and foldable. The detection component 3 is mounted on the flexible circuit board. It is understood that reinforcing plates can be mounted on the flexible circuit board (FPC) to provide the necessary mounting base for the detection component 3. Its deformation capability allows it to be bent, folded, twisted, and even rolled into a cylindrical shape. Furthermore, its thinness makes it suitable for use in space-constrained environments. In this embodiment, it is applied between the electrode plates 5 of the electrolytic cell 2, and the multi-layered FPC can achieve complex wiring through metallized holes. Several detection components 3 are integrated on the detector carrier 1. These detection components 3, numbered with specific identifiers, form a spatial sensor array 7 surrounding the electrolytic cell 2. The identifiers of the detection components 3 correspond to the position codes of preset monitoring points on the electrolytic cell 2 model. Data from each detection component 3 is sampled at a specific frequency to form a data chain. Each data chain is analyzed in real time, and the gradient abrupt change in the data chain is used as the basis for leakage judgment, locating the monitoring point on the electrolytic cell 2 model. It can be understood that the spatial sensor array 7 composed of the detection components 3 is actually based on the electrolytic cell 2 body as its shape support. The shape variability of the flexible circuit board is used to compensate for the slight axial or radial deformation of the electrolytic cell 2 during variable load operation. Simultaneously, the flexible circuit board fixes the position of the detection components 3 and also forms an electrical connection between the detection components 3 and the control module. The control module issues detection commands, and the corresponding detection components 3 collect data from specific locations on the electrolytic cell 2. The data signals are then transmitted back to the control module through the flexible circuit board to form a data chain. The control module can analyze the data chain automatically or manually to determine whether the working status of the corresponding data collection point is normal.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 1-8 As shown, the detector carrier includes an annular circuit board module 4 that is at least surrounding the gasket 6 between the end pressure plate and the electrode plate 5. Since the annular gasket 6 is sandwiched between the electrode plates 5 of the electrolyzer 2, an annular circuit board template is at least provided around the gasket 6 during use, so that the annular circuit board module 4 is arranged around the corresponding gasket 6. For example, in a green electricity hydrogen production scenario, the current density of the electrolyzer 2 is increased to 10,000 A / m. 2 As shown above, Joule heating increases significantly, the temperature gradient in the gasket 6 area intensifies, and the risk of leakage is high. In renewable energy applications such as wind power and photovoltaics, the volatility causes frequent start-ups and shutdowns of the electrolytic cell 2, and the gasket 6 is subjected to periodic thermal stress, leading to aging and leakage. When the electrolyte leaks onto the corresponding annular circuit board module 4, the monitoring data of the corresponding monitoring component will change significantly. By following the pattern according to the changes, the corresponding leakage point can be found, greatly improving the accuracy of detection.

[0033] Specifically, as one embodiment of the annular circuit board module 4, several annular circuit board modules 4 are provided with detection components 3 and form a spatial sensor array 7; the annular circuit board module 4 can adopt a modular and detachable structure, for example, the annular circuit board module 4 is divided into six segments (each flexible circuit board unit 8 is 60° arc length) and connected by spring 14 pins, so as to adapt to different diameter pole plates 5, and at least one lateral expansion compensation component 9 is provided at the six interfaces formed.

[0034] Furthermore, the flexible circuit board unit 8 has a weft flexible circuit board 10 arranged circumferentially around the electrolytic cell 2 and an axial flexible circuit board 11 arranged axially along the electrolytic cell 2. The weft flexible circuit board 10 and the axial flexible circuit board 11 are arranged in a ladder-like configuration 12. The two weft flexible circuit boards 10 are arranged parallel to each other. During installation, the two weft flexible circuit boards 10 can be respectively attached to the outer walls of the two electrode plates 5. The axial flexible circuit boards 11 arranged between the two weft flexible circuit boards 10 can be equipped with detection components 3, so that the detection components 3 are distributed in a spaced ring around the outer periphery of the gasket 6. It can be understood that corresponding detection components 3 can also be set on the weft flexible circuit board 10 to monitor the relevant monitoring data of the electrode plates 5.

[0035] Furthermore, several axial flexible circuit boards 11 are distributed between two weft flexible circuit boards 10. The distance between the two weft flexible circuit boards 10 is greater than the distance between the electrode plates 5. The connecting end of the two weft flexible circuit boards 10 is provided with a weft expansion compensation member 9, and the axial flexible circuit board 11 is provided with an axial expansion compensation member 13.

[0036] As one embodiment of the latitudinal expansion compensation component 9, an adjustable elastic force connection can be achieved by using a structure of spring 14 and adjusting screw 15, so that the latitudinal flexible circuit board 10 can be clamped and fixed on the electrolytic cell 2. Specifically, a spring 14 is connected to one end of the two latitudinal flexible circuit boards 10 that need to be connected, and an adjusting screw 15 is connected to the end of the spring 14. A baffle 16 is provided at the other end for the adjusting screw 15 to pass through. After the adjusting screw 15 passes through the baffle 16, an adjusting nut 17 is screwed on.

[0037] Specifically, as one embodiment of the axial expansion and contraction compensation component 13, a pleated structure 18 is formed on the axial flexible circuit board 11. The pleated structure 18 can be a pre-made pleated or wavy structure on the flexible circuit board, so that it can deform according to the axial expansion and contraction of the electrolytic cell 2, release the deformation stress, and prevent it from moving its position after repeated expansion and contraction deformation of the electrolytic cell 2, thus causing a change in the monitoring position, and always maintaining monitoring, and is not easily damaged after repeated deformation.

[0038] Furthermore, steps 19 can be provided on both sides of the electrode plate 5. The steps 19 on two adjacent electrode plates 5 form positioning grooves 20 for mounting the annular circuit board mold. The latitudinal flexible circuit board 10 can be fitted and positioned on the steps 19, while the axial flexible circuit board 11 spans the gap between the two electrode plates 5. Positioning protrusions 21 for positioning the latitudinal flexible circuit board 10 can also be formed on the steps 19. A through hole 22 that matches the latitudinal flexible circuit board 10 is provided on the latitudinal flexible circuit board 10. The through hole 22 can also be set as a waist-shaped hole to provide the degree of freedom for circumferential expansion and contraction compensation.

[0039] As one embodiment, the detection component 3 includes a temperature detection sensor, which is used to monitor the circumferential temperature change at a preset point. The temperature detection sensor is one or more of the following: a grating temperature sensor, a thermistor, a flexible thin-film temperature sensor, a thermocouple, and an infrared temperature sensor. The specific monitoring principle is to monitor the circumferential temperature gradient of the gasket 6 through the temperature detection sensor. Because when a leak occurs, the local temperature drop at the leak point is ≥2℃ due to the heat absorption of alkali evaporation. A data chain is formed through temperature monitoring to analyze the temperature change.

[0040] Thermistors have resistance that changes with temperature. Their advantages include low cost, fast response, and small size; they can be directly printed or mounted on flexible circuit boards (such as polyimide). Their disadvantages include poor linearity and the need for calibration.

[0041] The grating temperature sensor is also small in size, fast in response, suitable for corrosive environments, and has the advantage of high temperature detection accuracy.

[0042] Flexible thin-film temperature sensors utilize the resistance changes of thin films made of metals (platinum, nickel) or carbon-based materials. They are designed for flexibility and can withstand repeated bending. They can be integrated into printed electronics processes, such as inkjet printing; however, customization costs are relatively high.

[0043] Thermocouples generate voltage based on the temperature difference between two metals and are resistant to high temperatures. They can be designed as flexible thin-film structures, such as nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon thin films; their disadvantage is that the signal is weak and requires amplification circuitry.

[0044] Infrared temperature sensors detect the infrared energy radiated by objects. They are non-contact measurements and can integrate miniature infrared probes on flexible circuit boards to detect the temperature of specific areas using infrared technology.

[0045] In practical use, the above-mentioned temperature detection sensors can be selected adaptively according to user needs or actual scenarios.

[0046] As another embodiment, a humidity detection sensor is used to monitor circumferential humidity changes at preset points. The humidity detection sensor can detect sudden changes in humidity around the gasket 6. Due to the leakage of electrolyte, the humidity at the leakage point will rise significantly. Specifically, during monitoring, an alarm is triggered when the humidity rise rate is ≥3% / s.

[0047] The humidity detection sensor is one or more of the following: capacitive humidity sensor, resistive humidity sensor, flexible thin-film humidity sensor, and fiber optic humidity sensor. Specifically, capacitive humidity sensors have the advantages of high sensitivity and low power consumption, making them suitable for flexible circuits; they can be printed or sprayed onto flexible substrates.

[0048] Resistive humidity sensors utilize the change in resistance of hygroscopic materials (such as electrolytes or polymers) with humidity. They can be mounted on flexible substrates such as PET or polyimide and employ carbon nanotube / polymer composites or graphene oxide as the moisture-sensing material. Their advantages include simple structure, low cost, and ease of integration.

[0049] Flexible thin-film humidity sensors alter their electrical properties by adsorbing water molecules using thin-film materials (such as alumina or polyelectrolytes). They are manufactured using magnetron sputtering, inkjet printing, or roll-to-roll (R2R) processes. Advantages include ultra-thinness (micrometer level), flexibility to fit curved surfaces, and integration with other sensors (temperature, pressure).

[0050] Fiber optic humidity sensors monitor humidity by utilizing the principle that the refractive index of fiber optic gratings or coating materials changes with humidity. Their flexible design allows for the embedding of flexible optical fibers (such as polymer fibers) into FPCs; a sol-gel method is used to deposit a porous silica film to form a humidity-sensitive coating. Advantages include resistance to electromagnetic interference, suitability for high humidity or corrosive environments, and long-distance distributed monitoring.

[0051] The temperature and humidity signals around gasket 6 are collected in real time, with a sampling frequency ≥10 Hz. A primary warning is triggered if one of the following conditions is met: absolute temperature gradient ≥2℃ / cm; humidity rise rate ≥3% / s. If both occur simultaneously, a higher-level alarm is triggered and an interlocking response is initiated. By analyzing the signal strength differences of the sensor array and combining the model of electrolytic cell 2, the leak point is located to the specific gasket number 6 (accuracy ±2 cm).

[0052] Understandably, to increase durability and improve protection, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating can be applied to the surface of temperature and humidity sensors to make them resistant to strongly alkaline environments. The suitability of various detection components 3 for the PTFE coating is improved as follows:

[0053] Thermocouple metal contacts (such as nickel-chromium / nickel-silicon) are inherently corrosion-resistant. PTFE coatings can cover non-contact areas (such as leads or flexible substrates), exposing only the contact points. For full encapsulation, breathable PTFE or ultra-thin coatings (<10μm) should be selected to avoid hindering heat conduction. Localized coating processes can be used to protect only the circuitry, with the contacts exposed via laser-drilled micro-holes.

[0054] Flexible thin-film temperature sensors (platinum / nickel thin film) can have their sensing layer fully encapsulated with PTFE. Because they rely on changes in metal resistance, they do not require direct contact with the environment. The insulation properties of PTFE do not affect the resistance measurement. A platinum thin film can be directly deposited on a PTFE substrate using magnetron sputtering to form an integrated, corrosion-resistant structure.

[0055] For thermistors, it is important to avoid completely encapsulating the thermistor body with PTFE, as this will significantly reduce the response speed. Instead, only the leads and solder joints can be coated, with the temperature-sensing portion exposed through microstructures (such as windows), or a porous PTFE coating can be used.

[0056] Capacitive humidity sensors will malfunction if the PTFE layer completely covers the moisture-sensing layer, blocking water molecule contact. Localized ventilation windows can be designed, such as through laser perforation or nanoporous PTFE. Micron-sized pores (1-5 μm in diameter) can be created on the PTFE coating, allowing water molecules to pass through while blocking alkaline liquids from penetrating.

[0057] Fiber optic humidity sensors can be made by fully encapsulating the fiber optic cable with PTFE, requiring only localized exposure in the moisture-sensitive coating area (such as a fiber Bragg grating). A porous SiO2 moisture-sensitive layer can be coated onto the fiber surface using a sol-gel method, followed by a PTFE cover to protect the non-sensitive areas.

[0058] For resistive humidity sensors, full PTFE encapsulation would block humidity contact, necessitating selective coating to protect the circuitry. The humidity-sensing area is made of a hydrophilic material (such as graphene oxide), and surrounded by PTFE to isolate it from alkaline environments.

[0059] The following issues should be noted when using the PTFE coating process:

[0060] Coating thickness: Temperature sensor: ≤20μm (to avoid excessive thermal resistance). Humidity sensor: ≤5μm in local areas (micropore design).

[0061] Enhanced adhesion: Flexible substrates (such as polyimide) require plasma pretreatment to improve PTFE adhesion.

[0062] Selective coating: Using masking techniques or laser engraving, PTFE is coated only in non-sensitive areas.

[0063] As an improved embodiment, the detection component 3 further includes a microchannel impedance sensor, with a serpentine microchannel etched on the side of the detector carrier 1 facing the electrolytic cell 2, for example, the microchannel has a linewidth of 200μm × a depth of 150μm; furthermore, the microchannel adopts a weather-resistant design, specifically, the microchannel includes a 200nm silicon nitride anti-permeation underlayer formed by chemical vapor deposition; an intermediate layer of a 10μm perfluoropolyether coating (contact angle >110°) spin-coated; and a surface layer formed by sputtering a 50nm gold film to prevent electrolytic corrosion.

[0064] A solid flexible conductive composite material, consisting of silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a diameter of 50 nm and a length of 20 μm, and doped with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix (8% by volume), is formed within a microchannel. Its impedance remains stable at 2.5 kΩ ± 5% under normal conditions. A pH-responsive hydrogel layer is coated on the surface. At leakage points, electrolyte penetrates the hydrogel layer and enters the microchannel, altering the impedance. The two ends of the serpentine microchannel are connected to a control module via wires embedded in a flexible circuit board. The control module monitors the impedance changes of the flexible conductive composite material within the serpentine microchannel. The pH-responsive hydrogel layer on the channel surface is 30 μm thick. When alkaline solution leaks, the pH-responsive hydrogel layer expands by 300% upon contact with alkali (pH > 12), accelerating the penetration of the alkali solution.

[0065] When the alkaline solution permeates into the microchannel, the AgNWs are dissolved by the alkaline solution, resulting in a sharp drop in local impedance (sensitivity up to 0.8Ω / μl).

[0066] The system is configured with dual threshold detection. Warning threshold one: impedance drop rate ≥ 50Ω / s (corresponding to leakage ≥ 0.2ml / min). Alarm threshold two: absolute impedance value < 500Ω (corresponding to leakage ≥ 1ml / min).

[0067] As one embodiment of a solid-state flexible conductive composite material, the composite material is formed by uniformly embedding silver nanowires (AgNWs) as conductive fillers into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solid matrix. PDMS provides flexibility as an elastic matrix, while AgNWs impart conductivity by forming a conductive network. The prepared flexible solid-state conductive composite material is then installed within a microchannel, and subsequently encapsulated with a pH-responsive hydrogel layer for surface application.

[0068] The specific method for fabricating flexible solid-state flexible conductive composite materials is as follows: PDMS precursor is infiltrated into AgNWs network using vacuum-assisted filling, and after curing, an embedded structure is formed. Then, AgNWs and PDMS prepolymer are heated and crosslinked to obtain solid-state flexible conductive composite materials.

[0069] As another embodiment of the solid-state flexible conductive composite material, the solid-state flexible conductive composite material is made of conductive nanofluid. The preparation method is as follows: silver nanowires (AgNWs) are doped into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to form a conductive composite material. AgNWs nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in a PDMS liquid medium to form a conductive nanofluid. After heating and cross-linking, a solid-state flexible conductive composite material is formed. Similarly, PDMS serves as the elastic matrix to provide flexibility, and AgNWs impart conductivity by forming a conductive network. The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that in this embodiment, the uncured liquid AgNWs-PDMS mixture can be directly injected into the microchannel, making its shape more closely fit the microchannel, and then cured and encapsulated using a hydrogel layer.

[0070] During detection, spatial positioning can be achieved through the spatial sensor array 7. If an anomaly is detected at a certain location, the corresponding part of the electrolytic cell 2 can be directly located, thus forming a hierarchical response mechanism.

[0071] Primary warning (single indicator abnormality): Microchannel single-segment impedance drop rate >30Ω / s; initiate local purging (nitrogen flow rate 2L / min).

[0072] Advanced alarm (multi-indicator composite): impedance of any segment <800Ω and corresponding area ΔT≥1.5℃ / cm; triggers a 50% reduction in current density of the electrolytic unit.

[0073] Emergency shutdown (leak confirmed): impedance at the same location <500Ω and humidity rise rate >2% / s; disconnect the power supply to the corresponding end plate and activate the emergency sealant (silicone material with an expansion rate of 600%).

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for detecting online the caustic leakage of the pad of an electrolytic cell, characterized in that, The detector carrier is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the polar plate by shape deformation, and a plurality of detection components are integrated on the detector carrier, and the plurality of detection components are arranged in a space sensor array around the electrolytic cell periphery in a specific number. The detector carrier includes at least a ring-shaped circuit board module arranged around the periphery of the gasket between the end pressure plate and the polar plate, and a plurality of detection components are arranged on the ring-shaped circuit board module; the ring-shaped circuit board module has a weft flexible circuit board arranged along the circumference of the electrolytic cell, and an axial flexible circuit board arranged along the axial direction of the electrolytic cell, and the weft flexible circuit board and the axial flexible circuit board are arranged in a ladder shape.

2. The device for detecting the alkali leakage of the gasket of the electrolytic cell in line according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of axial flexible circuit boards are distributed between two weft flexible circuit boards, the spacing between the two weft flexible circuit boards is greater than the spacing between the polar plates, and the connection end of the two weft flexible circuit boards is provided with a weft expansion compensation member, and the axial flexible circuit board is provided with an axial expansion compensation member.

3. The device for detecting the pad alkali leakage of the electrolytic cell on-line according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ring-shaped circuit board module adopts a modular detachable structure, the ring-shaped circuit board module is divided into a plurality of segments, the segments are electrically connected by spring needles, so as to adapt to polar plates with different diameters, and a weft expansion compensation member is arranged at the interface of at least one segment.

4. The device for detecting the pad alkali leakage of the electrolytic cell on-line according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ring-shaped circuit board module includes two parallel weft flexible circuit boards, the two weft flexible circuit boards are arranged on the outer walls of the two polar plates, and a plurality of axial flexible circuit boards are arranged between the two weft flexible circuit boards, and detection components are arranged on at least one side of the axial flexible circuit board facing the electrolytic cell, so that the plurality of detection components are distributed in a spaced annular manner around the periphery of the gasket.

5. The device for detecting the pad alkali leakage of the electrolytic cell on line according to claim 2, characterized in that, The weft expansion compensation member includes a spring and an adjusting screw; the end of one weft flexible circuit board is connected with the spring, the end of the spring is connected with the adjusting screw, the end of the other weft flexible circuit board is provided with a baffle for the adjusting screw to pass through, and the adjusting screw is screwed with an adjusting nut after passing through the baffle.

6. The device for detecting the pad alkali leakage of the electrolytic cell on line according to claim 2, characterized in that, The axial expansion compensation member includes a pleat structure formed on the axial flexible circuit board, and the pleat structure is a preformed pleat or wave structure on the flexible circuit board, so that the axial expansion compensation member has the ability to release the deformation stress.

7. The device for detecting the pad alkali leakage of the electrolytic cell on line according to claim 1, characterized in that, Steps are arranged on the two sides of two adjacent polar plates, two adjacent steps form a positioning ring groove for installing the ring-shaped circuit board module, the weft flexible circuit board is sleeved and positioned on the steps, and the axial flexible circuit board is arranged on the gap between the two polar plates, a positioning protruding rod is arranged on the steps for positioning the weft flexible circuit board, and a through hole matched with the weft flexible circuit board is arranged on the weft flexible circuit board.

8. The device for detecting the pad alkali leakage of electrolytic cell on line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection component includes a temperature detection sensor for monitoring the circumferential temperature change at the preset point; the temperature detection sensor is one or more of a grating temperature sensor, a thermistor, a flexible film temperature sensor, a thermocouple, and an infrared temperature sensor.

9. The device for detecting the pad alkali leakage of electrolytic cell on line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection component includes a humidity detection sensor for monitoring the circumferential humidity change at the preset point; the humidity detection sensor is one or more of a capacitive humidity sensor, a resistive humidity sensor, a flexible film humidity sensor, and an optical fiber humidity sensor.

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