Flame straw carbonizing, rotary burying and returning all-in-one machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a flame straw carbonization and rotary burying returning-to-field all-in-one machine which comprises a power mechanism and a rack, a straw carbonization mechanism for providing rapid incineration and carbonization flames is arranged on the front portion of a cavity of the rack, and a rotary burying returning-to-field mechanism capable of burying straw incineration and carbonization products into soil in a rotary mode is arranged on the rear portion of the cavity of the rack. A carbonization area cover plate of the straw carbonization mechanism and side protection plates on the two sides of the carbonization area cover plate are combined to form a relatively-closed straw carbonization area with an opening in the front side, and a rotary tillage cover plate of the rotary burying and returning mechanism and side protection plates on the two sides of the rotary tillage and returning mechanism are combined to form a relatively-closed rotary tillage and returning area. The smoke filtering mechanism can extract smoke entering the space between the straw carbonization area and the rotary tillage field returning area after straw incineration and carbonization and smoke generated when straw incineration and carbonization products on the rear side of the rotary tillage field returning area are mixed into soil, and the smoke and the smoke are discharged after being filtered. According to the all-in-one machine, straw can be rapidly carbonized and returned to the field after crops are harvested, the soil quality can be improved, the breeding risk of plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced, the sustainability of agricultural production can be improved, and environmental protection and high efficiency are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, specifically a flame straw carbonization rotary burial and returning machine. Background Technology

[0002] China has a large amount of straw resources, widely distributed across various areas. Statistics show that in 2021, straw production reached 856 million tons, with a comprehensive utilization rate of 88.1%. Straw is a valuable renewable resource; however, such a high yield requires significant human and material resources for processing and utilization, resulting in low comprehensive development and utilization rates. Indiscriminate dumping and on-site burning are serious problems, causing severe waste of resources and damage to the ecological environment. Currently, direct straw return to the field and straw removal-biochar-return are the two main pathways for straw resource utilization.

[0003] Direct straw return to the field is one of the main utilization methods. As an important part of conservation tillage, direct straw return can increase soil nutrients, improve soil structure, and continuously increase soil fertility. When implementing direct straw return, the straw needs to be mixed into the soil. Depending on local policies and planting habits, it can be divided into full straw return and partial straw return. Full straw return refers to returning all straw and stubble to the field after harvest; partial straw return involves removing the straw from the field after harvest and returning only the stubble. In some areas, due to low temperatures, full straw return can lead to problems such as straw not decomposing easily, pests and diseases, and reduced soil moisture, affecting crop emergence rates.

[0004] Straw removal-biochar-returning involves collecting harvested straw, transporting it to a straw carbonization plant, processing it into finished biochar, and then crushing and returning it to the field. Biochar not only effectively improves soil structure and increases soil fertility, but also enhances soil moisture retention and nutrient adsorption capacity, thereby reducing fertilizer loss and improving crop drought and disease resistance. Biochar can exist stably in the soil for a long time, acting as a carbon sink to sequester carbon elements, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and playing a crucial role in addressing climate change. Compared to directly returning straw to the field, biochar application avoids the emission of greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide produced during straw decomposition, reducing environmental impact. Simultaneously, the carbonization process effectively kills potential pests, diseases, and weed seeds in the straw, further improving farmland sanitation. Due to its porous structure, biochar also provides a suitable living environment for soil microorganisms, helping to enhance soil biodiversity, promote soil health, and support crop growth.

[0005] Straw flame carbonization and returning to the field technology refers to the direct conversion of straw into biochar in the field to improve soil structure and increase soil fertility. This technology not only effectively avoids problems such as weed growth and pest infestation that may arise during direct straw return, but also solves the challenges posed by the "off-field-carbonization-return" model, such as difficulties in straw collection, storage, and transportation, and high biochar production costs. Through flame carbonization and returning to the field, straw is rapidly carbonized in the field, and the resulting biochar can be quickly returned to the soil, enhancing the soil's water retention, aeration, and nutrient retention capacity. Furthermore, it can remain stable for a relatively long time, serving as a carbon sink and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Flame carbonization and returning to the field technology is simple, quick, and environmentally friendly, making it suitable for rapid implementation during busy farming seasons.

[0006] Existing straw flame carbonization and returning-to-the-field machinery utilizes biomass pyrolysis carbonization technology. A straw collection device at the front of the equipment crushes and compresses the straw into granules, which are then transported to the pyrolysis carbonization furnace. Straw granules are continuously fed into the furnace from the top, and finished biochar is output from the bottom. While this equipment avoids the cumbersome straw processing procedures of removing straw from the field, carbonizing it, and then returning it to the field, its straw carbonization rate is low. Furthermore, the produced biochar still needs to be crushed and returned to the field by a rotary tiller; the functions of straw carbonization and returning to the soil are not integrated into a single machine. Moreover, the current equipment only processes collectable surface straw, neglecting the carbonization of surface stubble, thus failing to disinfect and kill pests, diseases, and weed seeds present in the soil and stubble. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this utility model is to address the problems existing in the prior art by providing an integrated machine for burning and burning straw in a rotary burial process. This integrated machine is used in agricultural production to quickly burn and burn straw after crop harvesting, and the working process is environmentally friendly and clean, and the machine can operate stably for a long time.

[0008] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A combined flame-fired straw carbonization and rotary burial return machine is characterized by comprising a power mechanism, a frame, a straw carbonization mechanism, a smoke filtration mechanism, and a rotary burial return mechanism. The straw carbonization mechanism is arranged at the front of the frame cavity, and the rotary burial return mechanism is arranged at the rear. The straw carbonization mechanism provides a rapid burning carbonization flame for the straw. The rotary burial return mechanism, driven by the power mechanism, can rotary bury the products of straw carbonization into the soil. The carbonization zone cover plate of the straw carbonization mechanism and its side guard plates on both sides combine to form a relatively closed straw carbonization zone with an opening at the front. The rotary burial return mechanism's rotary tillage cover plate and its side guard plates on both sides combine to form a relatively closed rotary tillage return zone. The smoke filtration mechanism can simultaneously extract the smoke entering between the straw carbonization zone and the rotary tillage return zone after straw carbonization, as well as the smoke generated when the straw carbonization products at the rear of the rotary tillage return zone are mixed into the soil, and discharge them after filtration.

[0010] The carbonization zone cover is fixedly installed on the support beam at the front of the frame, and both ends of the carbonization zone cover abut against the side guard plate. Several high-temperature flame nozzles equipped with electronic igniters are arranged in the mounting holes of the carbonization zone cover. The high-temperature flame nozzles are connected to the valves of the gas tank fixed on the power mechanism through gas delivery pipes. The high-temperature flame nozzles are inclined forward from top to bottom on the carbonization zone cover, and the spacing between the high-temperature flame nozzles is 20cm-25cm. The high-temperature flame nozzles with the nozzles 25cm-30cm above the ground can spray carbonization flames with a temperature of 1150℃-1280℃.

[0011] A front smoke collection cover is arranged between the carbonization zone cover and the rotary tillage cover, corresponding to the top of the enclosed frame cavity. The front smoke collection cover has a smoke exhaust hole that connects to the smoke filter box. A front smoke collection baffle is arranged at the front edge of the front smoke collection cover, and a rear smoke collection baffle is arranged at the rear edge. The front smoke collection cover, the front smoke collection baffle, the rear smoke collection baffle, and the side guards on both sides form a relatively enclosed front smoke collection zone to improve smoke purification efficiency. The lower edge of the front smoke collection baffle is 4cm to 8cm from the ground surface and is lower than the lower edge of the rear smoke collection baffle to improve the sealing of the straw carbonization zone and prevent soil from accumulating on the front side of the rotary tillage roller.

[0012] A rear smoke collection cover is arranged on the rear side of the rotary tillage cover. The rear smoke collection cover has a smoke exhaust hole that connects to the smoke filter box. The rear smoke collection cover is also equipped with a soil covering drag plate that can adjust the tilt angle. The rear smoke collection cover, the soil covering drag plate and the side guards on both sides form a relatively closed rear smoke collection area to improve the smoke purification efficiency. The rear smoke collection cover is generally directly welded to the support beam at the rear of the frame.

[0013] The smoke filtration mechanism includes multiple smoke filter boxes, axial flow fans, and corrugated pipes. Each smoke filter box is equipped with a pair of axial flow fans at its front and rear inlet ends. The axial flow fans at the front inlet end are connected to the smoke exhaust holes on the front smoke collection cover through corresponding corrugated pipes, and the axial flow fans at the rear inlet end are connected to the smoke exhaust holes on the rear smoke collection cover through corresponding corrugated pipes. The inner cavity of any smoke filter box is divided into two flue gas channels by a partition plate, which are respectively connected to the axial flow fans at the front and rear inlet ends. A filter layer and a gas guide plate are arranged sequentially on the outlet side of the flue gas channel.

[0014] The filter layer has parallel filter layer partitions arranged on both sides, and the filter layer is arranged in a cavity formed by the filter layer partitions and the partitions; the filter layer consists of an inner filter layer adjacent to the flue gas channel, an inner filter layer core, and an outer filter layer adjacent to the gas guide plate; the filter layer partition is a perforated metal plate, and the gas guide plate is a downwardly inclined metal grid.

[0015] The smoke filter boxes are distributed and installed on a floating support. Springs are installed on spring seats on the front and rear sides of the floating support, and these springs can be fitted onto the inclined floating support bases on the outer wall of the side guard plate, allowing the floating support to buffer against the machine frame. The floating support is rigidly fixed to the ground wheel, which conforms to the shape of the ground surface, ensuring that the floating support and the smoke filter boxes are always on the same relative plane. The floating support sits on top of the rotary tillage and soil-burial mechanism. This solves the problem of high-frequency vibration affecting the smoke filter mechanism during rotary tillage, ensuring the stable operation of the smoke filter mechanism.

[0016] The frame is composed of at least three supporting crossbeams and two side guard plates. The area between the front and middle supporting crossbeams is used to arrange the straw carbonization zone and the front smoke collection zone. The area between the middle and rear supporting crossbeams is used to arrange the rotary tillage and returning-to-field zone. The rear side of the rear supporting crossbeam is used to arrange the rear smoke collection zone. A frame connecting plate is installed on the front supporting crossbeam. A suspension bracket is movably installed on the frame connecting plate and is connected to the lower lifting arm in the power transmission mechanism. The suspension bracket is movably connected to the frame lifting seat on the middle supporting crossbeam through a frame tie rod and is connected to the upper lifting arm in the power transmission mechanism. Reducer support seats are respectively provided on the middle and rear supporting crossbeams, and reducers are installed on the reducer support seats. The reducers are connected to the rotary tiller rollers to drive the rotary tiller rollers. The reducers are connected to the power output shaft in the power transmission mechanism through a universal joint and a drive shaft. The side guard plates are equipped with roller mounting slots for mounting the rotary tiller rollers.

[0017] The rotary tillage and soil-burial mechanism includes a rotary tiller roller and a rotary tillage cover plate located on top of the rotary tiller roller. The roller bearing end caps at both ends of the rotary tiller roller are installed on the roller mounting slots on the side guard plate, and a roller limit baffle is provided below each roller bearing end cap. The rotary tillage and soil-burial mechanism also includes a soil-covering drag plate. A drag plate adjustment rod that can adjust the angle of the soil-covering drag plate is installed on the drag plate support seat, and the drag plate support seat is installed on the rear smoke collection cover plate. Alternatively, the two ends of the soil-covering drag plate are hinged to the side guard plate, or the upper part of the soil-covering drag plate is hinged to the rear edge of the rear smoke collection cover plate.

[0018] The integrated machine also includes a spray smoke elimination mechanism located at the rear of the integrated machine. The spray smoke elimination mechanism can further eliminate smoke in the air, reduce the soil temperature after covering, and prevent dust from being generated by the covering plate. The spray smoke elimination mechanism includes a water tank, a water pump, a water supply pipe, a spray bar, a fan-shaped atomizing nozzle, and a spray support plate. The water tank and water pump are mounted on the power mechanism. The spray bar with the fan-shaped atomizing nozzle is mounted on the floating bracket of the smoke filtration mechanism through the spray support plate. The spray bar is connected to the water tank through a water supply pipe with a water pump.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] The integrated flame straw carbonization and rotary tillage machine provided by this utility model has significant effects, mainly reflected in efficient carbonization, soil improvement, pest and disease control, reduced operating costs, and environmental protection and energy saving. The flame carbonization mechanism can directly convert straw into biochar in the field and then evenly return it to the field through the rotary tillage mechanism, effectively improving soil structure and increasing soil fertility. At the same time, the high temperature during the carbonization process kills pathogens and insect eggs in the straw, reducing the risk of pest and disease breeding and reducing the need for chemical fungicides.

[0021] This utility model provides an integrated machine for flame-fired straw carbonization and rotary burial for returning straw to the field, aiming to solve the problems of environmental pollution and low work efficiency in the existing straw returning process. The equipment collects and treats the smoke generated by straw carbonization through a smoke filtration mechanism, effectively reducing the emission of harmful gases. The equipped smoke filtration mechanism and spray smoke elimination mechanism can suppress and remove dust during operation, improving the quality of the working environment. This equipment optimizes the straw returning process, which can not only improve the soil fertility level and reduce the possibility of pests and diseases, but also promote the sustainable development of agricultural production, providing a technical solution that integrates high efficiency and environmental protection for straw treatment.

[0022] Compared with traditional straw removal and disposal methods, the flame-carbonized rotary burial and returning machine provided by this utility model reduces transportation and storage costs, simplifies the operation process, and greatly improves the efficiency of field operations. The smoke generated during the operation is filtered and discharged, and the dust generated during the operation is effectively suppressed. The equipment can ensure stable operation, meet environmental protection requirements, promote the sustainable development of agriculture, and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Appendix Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the integrated flame straw carbonization rotary burial and returning machine provided by this utility model;

[0024] Appendix Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the tracked hybrid power platform provided by this utility model;

[0025] Appendix Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the frame structure of the integrated flame straw carbonization rotary burial and returning machine provided by this utility model;

[0026] Appendix Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the straw carbonization mechanism provided by this utility model;

[0027] Appendix Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the installation position of the straw carbonization mechanism provided by this utility model on the frame;

[0028] Appendix Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the smoke filtration mechanism provided by this utility model;

[0029] Appendix Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the smoke filter box provided by this utility model;

[0030] Appendix Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the installation position of the smoke filtering mechanism provided by this utility model on the frame;

[0031] Appendix Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the installation position of the rotary burial and returning mechanism provided by this utility model on the machine frame;

[0032] Appendix Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the spray smoke elimination mechanism provided by this utility model on the frame.

[0033] Wherein: 1—Power mechanism; 10—Rubber track; 11—Platform frame; 2—Power transmission mechanism; 20—Power output shaft; 21—Drive shaft; 22—Universal joint; 23—Reducer; 24—Upper lifting arm; 25—Lower lifting arm; 3—Frame; 30—Support beam; 31—Side guard plate; 32—Cutter roller mounting slot; 33—Reducer support seat; 34—Frame lifting seat; 35—Floating support base; 36—Frame connecting fixing plate; 37—Suspension bracket; 38—Frame tie rod; 4—Straw carbonization mechanism; 40—Gas tank; 41—Gas delivery pipe; 42—High-temperature flame nozzle; 43—Carbonization zone cover plate; 5—Smoke filtration mechanism; 50—Smoke filtration box; 501—Separation partition; 502—Smoke filter. 503—Air passage; 504—Filter layer; 505—Filter layer partition; 51—Gas guide plate; 52—Axial flow fan; 53—Corrugated pipe; 54—Smoke exhaust hole; 55—Front smoke collection cover plate; 56—Front smoke collection partition plate; 57—Rear smoke collection partition plate; 58—Floating support; 59—Spring seat; 510—Spring; 511—Ground wheel; 6—Rotary tillage and returning mechanism; 60—Rotary tillage roller; 61—Roller bearing end cover; 62—Roller limit baffle; 63—Rotary tillage cover plate; 64—Slide support seat; 65—Slide adjustment rod; 66—Soil covering slide; 7—Spraying and smoke elimination mechanism; 70—Water tank; 71—Water pump; 72—Water supply pipe; 73—Spray bar; 74—Fan-shaped atomizing nozzle; 75—Spray support plate. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this utility model, but not all embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1-10 As shown, a flame straw carbonization and rotary burial returning machine includes a power mechanism 1, a power transmission mechanism 2, a frame 3, a straw carbonization mechanism 4, a smoke filtration mechanism 5, a rotary burial returning mechanism 6, and a spray smoke elimination mechanism 7. A straw carbonization mechanism 4 is arranged at the front of the cavity of the frame 3, and a rotary burial and returning mechanism 6 is arranged at the rear. The straw carbonization mechanism 4 can provide a rapid burning carbonization flame for the straw. The rotary burial and returning mechanism 6, driven by the power mechanism 1, can rotary bury the products of straw burning and carbonization into the soil. The carbonization zone cover plate 43 of the straw carbonization mechanism 4 and the side guard plates 31 on both sides of it are combined to form a relatively closed straw carbonization zone with an opening at the front. The rotary burial and returning mechanism 6 rotary tillage cover plate 63 and the side guard plates 31 on both sides of it are combined to form a relatively closed rotary tillage and returning zone. The smoke filtration mechanism 5 can simultaneously extract the smoke that enters between the straw carbonization zone and the rotary tillage and returning zone after straw burning and carbonization, as well as the smoke generated when the products of straw burning and carbonization at the rear of the rotary tillage and returning zone are mixed into the soil, and discharge them after filtration.

[0036] like Figure 1-2As shown, the power unit 1 adopts a tracked hybrid power platform. The tracked hybrid power platform is directly powered by a diesel engine and connected to a small generator to convert part of the kinetic energy into electricity and store it in a battery. The battery power is used to drive the equipment and supply power to the axial flow fan 51 and the water pump 71. The tracked hybrid power platform uses rubber tracks 10, which have good off-road performance and can adapt to various complex terrain conditions. A platform frame 11 is set on the top of the tracked hybrid power platform. The platform frame 11 is fixed with a water tank 70 and a water pump 71 for the spray smoke suppression mechanism 7, a gas tank 40 for the straw carbonization mechanism 4, and other heavy equipment. The water tank 70 is used to supply water to the spray smoke suppression mechanism 7 and can also balance the center of gravity of the equipment. The water pump 71 is used to pressurize the water in the spray smoke suppression mechanism 7 and has the characteristics of small size, low energy consumption, and high working efficiency. The gas tank 40 is used to provide liquefied petroleum gas to the straw carbonization mechanism 4 and is placed on the platform frame 11 to improve the safety of the equipment during operation. A power transmission mechanism 2 is configured at the rear of the tracked hybrid platform, including a power output shaft 20, a drive shaft 21, a universal joint 22, a reducer 23, an upper lifting arm 24 and a lower lifting arm 25 that drive the frame 3 of the integrated machine. The power output shaft 20 is used to output power, and the drive shaft 21 is used to effectively transmit power from the power output shaft 20 to other components. Since the distance between the power output shaft 21 and the reducer 23 is relatively long, the use of the drive shaft 21 can improve the efficiency of power transmission and ensure stable transmission. The universal joint 22 is used to deflect the angle of the power output shaft, so that when used in pairs, the power output can be kept stable and output fluctuations can be avoided. The reducer 23 transmits power to the rotary tiller roller 60 through the connection with the drive shaft 21, ensuring the efficient operation of the rotary tiller roller 60. The power output shaft 20 is connected to the rotary tiller roller 60 of the rotary tillage and soil-burial mechanism 6 through the drive shaft 21, the universal joint 22, and the reducer 23, transmitting the power provided by the engine to the rotary tillage and soil-burial mechanism 6 for rotary tillage and soil breaking. The upper lifting arm 24 and the lower lifting arm 25 are used to control the attitude of the suspension bracket 37, raising or lowering the work implement.

[0037] like Figure 3As shown, the frame 3 includes a support beam 30, side guard plates 31, a cutter roller mounting slot 32, a reducer support 33, a frame lifting seat 34, a floating bracket base 35, a frame connecting and fixing plate 36, a suspension bracket 37, and a frame tie rod 38. The three support beams 30 and two side guard plates 31, combined with a support longitudinal beam, provide the main support for the integrated machine, ensuring the strength and stability of the frame 3 during operation. The side guard plates 31 prevent soil fragments from splashing during operation, effectively isolate the flame from straw in other areas to prevent accidental combustion, and work in conjunction with the carbonization zone cover plate 43 and the front smoke collection baffle 55 to optimize the concentrated utilization of high-temperature flame heat and improve carbonization efficiency. The cutter roller mounting slot 32 is used to fix the rotary tiller roller 60, ensuring its coaxiality and stability during operation. The reducer support 33 is used for stable installation. The reducer 23 ensures the stability of power transmission; the frame lifting seat 34 is located on the middle support beam 30 and works with the frame tie rod 38 to lift the frame 3 when suspended, facilitating the movement and transportation of the equipment in the field; the floating support base 35 and the floating support 58 are flexibly connected by a spring 510 to adapt to complex terrain and ensure the stability of the operation process; the frame connecting fixing plate 36 is used to connect the frame 3 and the lower lifting arm 25 and is part of the three-point suspension mechanism to ensure the stability of the frame 3 when suspended; the suspension bracket 37 is used to connect external power equipment such as tracked hybrid platforms or tractors to facilitate the traction and operation of the integrated machine; the frame tie rod 38 is used to connect the suspension bracket 37 and the frame 3, distributing the tension on the suspension bracket 37, reducing the torque on the three-point suspension mechanism, and improving the structural strength of the frame 3. Additionally, the distribution order of the three supporting beams 30 and the various cover plates from front to back is as follows: front supporting beam 30, carbonization zone cover plate 43, front smoke collection cover plate 54, middle supporting beam 30, rotary tillage cover plate 63, rear supporting beam 30, and rear smoke collection cover plate 57.

[0038] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the straw carbonization mechanism 4 includes a gas cylinder 40, a gas delivery pipe 41, a high-temperature flame nozzle 42, and a carbonization zone cover 43. The gas delivery pipe 41 connects the gas cylinder 40 and the high-temperature flame nozzle 42 to ensure the continuity and stability of the combustion process. The high-temperature flame nozzle 42 is mounted on the carbonization zone cover 43, providing a high-temperature flame for rapid straw carbonization. An electronic ignition mechanism is integrated with the high-temperature flame nozzle 42, achieving automatic flame ignition. The carbonization zone cover 43 and the side guard plate 31 work together to isolate the high temperature generated by straw combustion and effectively concentrate the generated heat, thereby improving the straw carbonization efficiency. The carbonization zone cover 43 and the front smoke collection cover 54 are integrally formed for easy installation.

[0039] like Figure 6-8As shown, the smoke filtration mechanism 5 includes a smoke filter box 50, an axial flow fan 51, a corrugated pipe 52, a smoke exhaust port 53, a front smoke collection cover 54, a front smoke collection baffle 55, a rear smoke collection baffle 56, a rear smoke collection cover 57, a floating bracket 58, a spring seat 59, a spring 510, and a ground wheel 511. The axial flow fan 51 can be used to guide the smoke generated during the carbonization process from the carbonization area to the smoke filter box 50, and form a negative pressure environment in the collection area, thereby realizing the centralized collection of smoke; the corrugated pipe 52... The corrugated pipe 52 is used to connect the axial flow fan 51 to the front smoke collection area. It features a high-temperature resistant design to ensure effective flue gas transmission under high-temperature conditions. Exhaust vents 53 are located on the front smoke collection cover plate 54 and the rear smoke collection cover plate 57, each with eight exhaust vents 53 for efficiently guiding the flue gas within the area to the smoke filter box 50 for treatment. The front smoke collection cover plate 54 is used to close the top of the front smoke collection area, providing space for the exhaust vents 53 and the corrugated pipe 52. The front smoke collection cover 54, designed for both sealing and stability, together with the side guard plate 31, front smoke collection baffle 55, and rear smoke collection baffle 56, forms the front smoke collection zone. The front smoke collection zone is separated from the straw carbonization zone and the rotary tillage and returning zone by the baffles, forming a closed smoke collection space. The front smoke collection baffle 55 and rear smoke collection baffle 56 not only ensure efficient collection and guidance of smoke, but also ensure the temperature stability of the straw carbonization zone by reducing the splashing of soil particles during rotary tillage, thereby optimizing the carbonization effect. The rear smoke collection cover 57 covers the rear of the rotary tillage and returning zone, forming a sealed space with other components to improve smoke collection efficiency. The floating bracket 58 provides an installation position for the smoke filter mechanism 5 and isolates the impact of the vibration of the rotary tillage cover 63 on the smoke filter mechanism 5. The spring 510 on the spring seat 59 is used to buffer the connection between the frame 3 and the floating bracket 58. The ground wheel 511 is used to conform to the shape of the ground surface, so that the floating bracket 58 and the smoke filter mechanism 5 are always on the same relative plane.

[0040] The negative pressure airflow in the front smoke collection area is set to 960m. 3 / h is sufficient to meet the usage requirements. Since the space is in a semi-enclosed state, the dynamic pressure in the front smoke collection area is about 0.89Pa and the static pressure is about 101324.11Pa. The static pressure value is close to the standard atmospheric pressure, which has a strong ability to overcome the pipe resistance and allows the flue gas to be discharged through the pipe more smoothly. The low dynamic pressure value indicates that the air velocity is not high and the ability to quickly extract a large amount of air is weak, which will not affect the straw carbonization effect.

[0041] like Figure 7As shown, the smoke filter box 50 has a sandwiched filtration structure, including a layer that can be filled with activated carbon or other high-efficiency filter materials. This is used to remove particulate matter and harmful gases generated during the carbonization process, ensuring that the emitted gas meets environmental protection standards, reducing environmental pollution, and improving the air quality of the work area. The internal structure of the smoke filter box 50 is designed with partitions 501 that allow two axial flow fans 51 to share a single box without interfering with each other and affecting the smoke filtration efficiency. The filter layer partition 504 is a perforated metal plate with many holes, which increases the direct contact between the filter layer 503 and the smoke. The gas guide plate 505 is a downward-sloping metal grille, which can improve the structural strength of the smoke filter box 50, protect the filter layer partition 504, and prevent rainwater from wetting the filter layer 503. The smoke extracted by the axial flow fan 51 passes through the smoke passage 502 and is filtered by the filter layer 503 before being discharged from the smoke filter box 50 along the gas guide plate 505.

[0042] The smoke filter material is the core working component of the smoke filter box 50. Its filter layer 503 is composed of a variety of materials, such as: activated carbon particles, which have a well-developed pore structure and a huge specific surface area, can adsorb harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dioxins, as well as some volatile organic compounds, in the smoke produced during straw burning and carbonization, and can be used as the inner core of the filter layer; stainless steel wire mesh has good corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, and can be used as a primary filter material in the inner layer of the filter layer to filter larger particles of impurities; polyester fiber has a strong adsorption capacity for fine particles and high filtration efficiency, but its high temperature resistance is limited, and can be used as the outer layer of the filter layer to enhance the adsorption capacity for fine smoke dust.

[0043] like Figure 9 As shown, the rotary tillage and soil-covering mechanism 6 includes a rotary tillage roller 60, a roller bearing end cover 61, a roller shaft limiting baffle 62, a rotary tillage cover plate 63, a drag plate support seat 64, a drag plate adjusting rod 65, and a soil-covering drag plate 66. The rotary tiller roller 60 is installed at the bottom of the implement and is driven to rotate by the reducer 23, thereby achieving uniform mixing of carbonized straw and soil and further improving soil structure. The roller bearing end cap 61 is used to fix and cooperate with the installation of the rotary tiller roller 60 to ensure its stable operation. The roller limit baffle 62 is used to provide limit fixation when installing the rotary tiller roller 60 to prevent position displacement during assembly. The rotary tiller cover plate 63 is located above the rotary tiller roller 60. The soil fragments thrown out during rotary tillage collide and break with the rotary tiller cover plate 63, making the soil finer and more uniform. The drag plate support seat 64 is used to fix the drag plate adjusting rod 65 and provide stable support. The drag plate adjusting rod 65 is adjustable in length and is used to adjust the angle of the covering drag plate 66 to ensure the flatness of the soil surface and enhance the bonding effect between carbonized straw and soil. The covering drag plate 66 is located at the rear of the rotary tiller roller 60. The drag plate adjusting rod 65 supports the drag plate 66 to ensure the flatness of the soil surface after operation and effectively promote the mixing of carbonized straw and soil.

[0044] like Figure 10 As shown, the spray smoke suppression mechanism 7 includes a water tank 70, a water pump 71, a water supply pipe 72, a spray bar 73, a fan-shaped atomizing nozzle 74, and a spray support plate 75. The water supply pipe 72 connects the water pump 71 on the platform frame 11 to the spray bar 73 installed at the rear of the integrated machine, ensuring the stability of the water flow. The spray bar 73 distributes the high-pressure water flow from the water supply pipe 72 to the fan-shaped atomizing nozzle 74 on the spray bar 73. The fan-shaped atomizing nozzle 74 atomizes the delivered water flow into a fan-shaped water mist, which has uniform distribution and good coverage characteristics, can fully contact the smoke, quickly condense the tiny particles in the smoke, and form a moist surface on the ground. The spray support plate 75 is mainly used to fix the water supply pipe 72, the spray bar 73, and the fan-shaped atomizing nozzle 74 to ensure their stability during operation. It can also flexibly adjust the tilt angle of the fan-shaped atomizing nozzle 74 according to the terrain and smoke diffusion characteristics to improve the spray coverage effect. Example

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the integrated machine for flame straw carbonization and rotary burial returning to the field provided by this utility model includes a power mechanism 1, a power transmission mechanism 2, a frame 3, a straw carbonization mechanism 4, a smoke filtration mechanism 5, a rotary burial returning to the field mechanism 6, and a spray smoke elimination mechanism 7.

[0046] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 9 As shown, a tracked hybrid power platform serves as the power unit 1. This platform includes rubber tracks 10 and a platform frame 11. A water tank 70, a water pump 71, and a gas tank 40 are arranged on the platform frame 11. At the rear of the tracked hybrid power platform are an upper lifting arm 24, a lower lifting arm 25, a power output shaft 20, a drive shaft 21, a universal joint 22, and a reducer 23. The tracked hybrid power platform has a traction horsepower of over 95 HP, and the power output shaft 20 rotates at 720 r / min. The platform frame 11 is 2m long and 1.6m wide. The water tank 70 has a standard 1000-liter capacity, is 1.15m long, 0.95m wide, and 0.98m high. The water pump 71 is a DP-60 diaphragm pump with a rated voltage of 24V, a maximum flow rate of 5L / min, a maximum pressure of 0.42MPa, and an input power of 40W. The gas tank 40 is a standard 25kg capacity.

[0047] like Figure 3As shown, the frame 3, serving as the integrated machine support structure, includes a support beam 30, side guard plates 31, cutter roller mounting slots 32, reducer support base 33, frame lifting base 34, floating bracket base 35, frame connecting and fixing plate 36, suspension bracket 37, and frame tie rod 38. The side guard plate 31 is 1.4m long, 0.44m wide, and 10mm thick. The support beam 30 is 2.28m long, an 8cm rectangular tube with a wall thickness of 4mm. The frame tie rod 38 is made of a 1m long, 5cm wide, and 8mm thick steel plate bent into shape. The frame lifting base 34, welded to the middle support beam 30, connects the frame tie rod 38 to the frame 3. The horizontal height difference of the reducer support base 33 is 9cm. The rear smoke collection cover 57 is 2.28m long and 0.14m wide.

[0048] like Figures 4-5 As shown, a straw carbonization mechanism 4 for rapid burning and carbonization of straw includes a gas cylinder 40, a gas delivery pipe 41, high-temperature flame nozzles 42, and a carbonization zone cover 43. The straw carbonization zone formed by the carbonization zone cover 43 and the side guard plate 31 can effectively isolate the flame from straw in other areas, prevent accidental combustion, optimize the concentrated utilization of high-temperature flame heat, and improve carbonization efficiency. There is a set of five high-temperature flame nozzles 42 on each side of the carbonization zone cover 43, with a diameter of 108 mm. The nozzle is 14cm long and 25cm high. The two nozzles are 22cm apart and evenly distributed on one side. The frame is centered and the two nozzles are about 29.5cm apart. The tail of the high-temperature flame nozzle 42 is tilted back 15°. The high-temperature flame moves forward, which increases the area of ​​the straw carbonization zone. The electronic ignition mechanism is integrated with the high-temperature flame nozzle 42. Its response time is less than 20ms and the ignition success rate reaches more than 80%. The stainless steel gas delivery pipe 41 has a diameter of 2cm.

[0049] like Figures 6-8 As shown, it includes a smoke filtration mechanism 5 for collecting and filtering the smoke produced during the incineration and return to the field process. Figures 5-7As shown), the smoke filtration mechanism 5 includes a smoke filter box 50, an axial flow fan 51, a corrugated pipe 52, a smoke exhaust port 53, a front smoke collection cover 54, a front smoke collection baffle 55, a rear smoke collection baffle 56, a rear smoke collection cover 57, a floating bracket 58, a spring seat 59, a spring 510, and a ground wheel 511. The smoke filter box 50 includes a partition plate 501, a flue gas passage 502, a filter layer 503, a filter layer baffle 504, and a gas guide plate 505. The front smoke collection cover 54 and the rear smoke collection cover 57 are 2.28 mm long and 2 mm wide. The exhaust holes 53 are symmetrical on both sides, with a spacing of 56cm between adjacent exhaust holes 53 on the front exhaust cover 54 or the rear exhaust cover 57, and are evenly distributed. The lower edge of the front exhaust baffle 55 is 5cm from the ground surface, and the lower edge of the rear exhaust baffle 56 is 15cm from the ground surface to prevent the rotary tiller roller 60 from accumulating soil in front. The corrugated pipe 52 has a diameter of 120mm and is not easily deformed in high-temperature environments over long periods of time. The axial flow fan 51 can be speed-adjusted from 24V to 72V, and at 48V, the exhaust volume of a single fan is 240m³. 3 / h is sufficient to meet the operation requirements; the smoke filter box 50 is 33cm long, 20cm wide and 32cm high, with a built-in 2cm filter layer that can be filled with filter material; the floating support 58 is welded from 6cm square tubes with a wall thickness of 3mm, and the support is 2.7m long and 0.56m wide; the ground wheel 511 is selected with a diameter of 30cm; the spring 510 is 20cm long and 4cm in diameter.

[0050] like Figure 9 As shown, the rotary tillage and burial mechanism 6 is used to bury carbonized products in the soil. The rotary tillage and burial mechanism 6 includes a rotary tiller roller 60, a roller bearing end cover 61 and a roller limit baffle 62, a rotary tillage cover plate 63, a drag plate support seat 64, a drag plate adjustment rod 65, and a soil covering drag plate 66. The rotary tillage and burial mechanism 6 has an operating width of 2.3m and a burial depth of 10cm. The rotary tiller roller 60 has a rotation speed of 246r / min and a bevel gear ratio of 13:26. The power output shaft 20 has a rotation speed of 720r / min. The soil covering drag plate 66 is 2.2m long and 0.37m wide, with reinforcing ribs in the middle.

[0051] like Figure 10 As shown, the spray smoke suppression mechanism 7 includes a water tank 70, a water pump 71, a water supply pipe 72, a spray bar 73, fan-shaped atomizing nozzles 74, and a spray support plate 75. The spray bar support plate 75 is 26cm long and is welded to the rear of the floating bracket 58. The water supply pipe 72 has a diameter of 2cm. Nine fan-shaped atomizing nozzles 74 are installed on the spray bar 73. The selected model of the fan-shaped atomizing nozzles 74 is 2-6501. The spray angle is 65 degrees. Under a pressure of 0.42MPa, the flow rate of the fan-shaped atomizing nozzles 74 is 0.46L / min. The fan-shaped atomizing nozzles 74 are about 50cm above the ground, and the spray width at this height is about 60cm.

[0052] The working process of the integrated flame straw carbonization and rotary tillage machine provided by this utility model includes: In the preparation stage, equipment debugging is performed before operation to ensure that all components are operating normally. After debugging, the control system is started to initiate the machine's operation. At this time, the gas valve is opened, and the gas is ignited through the electronic ignition mechanism to start the straw carbonization operation; the equipment moves along a predetermined path under the drive of a tracked hybrid power platform. Straw and stubble on the ground enter the straw carbonization zone, and the high-temperature flame nozzle 42 releases high-concentration gas. The outer flame temperature can reach 1150℃-1280℃. Naturally air-dried straw with a moisture content of less than 12.4% can be carbonized within 2 seconds of entering the straw carbonization zone; simultaneously, the rotary tillage and return mechanism 6 evenly buries the carbonized straw into the soil, improving soil structure. The high-temperature flame during the straw carbonization process not only thoroughly carbonizes the straw but also effectively burns pathogens and insect eggs within the straw, while inhibiting the germination of weed seeds, thereby reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. The smoke generated during the straw carbonization process and rotary burial operation is promptly extracted and filtered by the smoke filtration mechanism 5 through the smoke exhaust port 53. The equipped spray smoke elimination mechanism 7 can spray fine mist water droplets during the operation, effectively removing smoke and dust from the air. This integrated flame straw carbonization and rotary burial machine can also prevent the smoke generated from carbonized straw from escaping from the soil, ensuring a pollution-free working environment that meets environmental protection standards. After the operation is completed, the main gas valve and the equipment power system are turned off, and cleaning and necessary maintenance are carried out to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition for the next operation.

[0053] This utility model provides a flame-fired straw carbonization and rotary burial machine with significant effects, mainly reflected in efficient carbonization, soil improvement, pest and disease suppression, reduced operating costs, and environmental protection and energy saving, offering an innovative solution for the modernization of agriculture. By configuring a straw carbonization mechanism 4 with a high-temperature flame, the equipment can directly and quickly convert straw into biochar in the field, and then evenly bury the biochar in the soil using a rotary burial mechanism 6. This process eliminates the need for intermediate transportation and complex processing, significantly improving the efficiency of straw treatment in the field, providing a high-quality source of organic matter for the soil, and effectively enhancing soil fertility and water retention. The equipment utilizes the high-temperature effect during carbonization to thoroughly kill pathogens, insect eggs, and other harmful organisms in the straw, reducing the probability of pests and diseases at the source. Compared with traditional methods, this technology reduces reliance on chemical fungicides, ensuring crop health and reducing the potential environmental impact of chemical use. During operation, the equipment is equipped with a high-efficiency smoke filter and dust suppression device to effectively treat the smoke and particulate matter generated during carbonization, ensuring that emissions meet standards. This invention provides a comprehensive and environmentally friendly solution for straw treatment and returning to the field through efficient straw carbonization technology, soil improvement, pest and disease control, and smoke treatment, which has broad application prospects and practical value.

[0054] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model. Technologies not covered by this utility model can all be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A flame-fired straw carbonization and rotary burial machine for returning straw to the field, characterized in that: The integrated machine comprises a power mechanism (1), a frame (3), a straw carbonization mechanism (4), a smoke filtering mechanism (5), and a rotary burying and returning mechanism (6). The frame (3) is provided with the straw carbonization mechanism (4) at the front part of the cavity and the rotary burying and returning mechanism (6) at the rear part. The straw carbonization mechanism (4) can provide a rapid burning carbonization flame for the straw. The rotary burying and returning mechanism (6) driven by the power mechanism (1) can bury the products of the straw burning carbonization into the soil. The carbonization area cover plate (43) of the straw carbonization mechanism (4) and the side guards (31) on both sides thereof combine to form a relatively closed straw carbonization area with a front side opening. The rotary plowing cover plate (63) of the rotary burying and returning mechanism (6) and the side guards (31) on both sides thereof combine to form a relatively closed rotary plowing and returning area. The smoke filtering mechanism (5) can simultaneously extract the smoke between the straw carbonization area and the rotary plowing and returning area after the straw is burned and carbonized and the smoke generated when the products of the straw burning carbonization mix into the soil at the rear side of the rotary plowing and returning area and discharge the smoke after filtration.

2. The flame straw carbonization rotary burying and returning to the field integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbonization area cover plate (43) is fixedly installed on the support cross beam (30) at the front part of the frame (3) and the two ends of the carbonization area cover plate (43) abut against the side guards (31). A plurality of high-temperature flame nozzles (42) provided with electronic igniters are arranged on the mounting holes of the carbonization area cover plate (43). The high-temperature flame nozzles (42) are connected with the valve of the gas tank (40) fixed on the power mechanism (1) through the gas delivery pipe (41). The high-temperature flame nozzles (42) are arranged on the carbonization area cover plate (43) from top to bottom and inclined forward. The spacing of the high-temperature flame nozzles (42) is 20-25 cm. The high-temperature flame nozzles (42) with a spraying port distance of 25-30 cm from the ground can spray carbonization flames with a temperature of 1150-1280 °C.

3. The flame straw carbonization rotary burying and returning to the field integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front smoke collecting cover plate (54) corresponding to the top of the cavity of the frame (3) is arranged between the carbonization area cover plate (43) and the rotary plowing cover plate (63). The smoke exhaust holes (53) communicating with the smoke filtering box (50) are arranged on the front smoke collecting cover plate (54). The front edge of the front smoke collecting cover plate (54) is provided with the front smoke collecting partition (55) and the rear edge is provided with the rear smoke collecting partition (56). The front smoke collecting cover plate (54), the front smoke collecting partition (55), the rear smoke collecting partition (56), and the side guards (31) on both sides form a relatively closed front smoke collecting area to improve the smoke purification efficiency. The lower edge of the front smoke collecting partition (55) is 4-8 cm from the ground and lower than the lower edge of the rear smoke collecting partition (56) to improve the sealing property of the straw carbonization area and prevent the front side of the rotary plowing blade roller (60) from piling up soil.

4. The flame straw carbonization rotary burial and field incorporation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear side of the rotary plowing cover plate (63) is provided with the rear smoke collecting cover plate (57). The smoke exhaust holes (53) communicating with the smoke filtering box (50) are arranged on the rear smoke collecting cover plate (57). The rear smoke collecting cover plate (57) is provided with the soil covering drag plate (66) capable of adjusting the inclination angle. The rear smoke collecting cover plate (57), the soil covering drag plate (66), and the side guards (31) on both sides form a relatively closed rear smoke collecting area to improve the smoke purification efficiency.

5. The flame straw carbonization rotary burial and field incorporation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke filtering mechanism (5) comprises a plurality of groups of smoke filtering boxes (50), axial flow fans (51) and corrugated pipes (52). Each smoke filtering box (50) is provided with a pair of axial flow fans (51) at the front and rear inlet ends respectively. The axial flow fan (51) at the front inlet end is connected to the smoke exhaust hole (53) on the front smoke collecting cover plate (54) through the corresponding corrugated pipe (52), and the axial flow fan (51) at the rear inlet end is connected to the smoke exhaust hole (53) on the rear smoke collecting cover plate (57) through the corresponding corrugated pipe (52). The inner cavity of any smoke filtering box (50) is divided into two smoke gas passages (502) by a partitioning plate (501), which are connected to the axial flow fans (51) at the front and rear inlet ends respectively. The outlet side of the smoke gas passage (502) is sequentially provided with a filter layer (503) and a gas flow guide plate (505).

6. The flame straw carbonization rotary burial and field incorporation all-in-one machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filter layer (503) is arranged on both sides of the filter layer partition plate (504) arranged in parallel, and the filter layer (503) is arranged in the cavity formed by the filter layer partition plate (504) and the partitioning plate (501). The filter layer (503) is composed of a filter layer inner layer adjacent to the smoke gas passage (502), a filter layer inner core, and a filter layer outer layer adjacent to the gas flow guide plate (505). The filter layer partition plate (504) is a hollow metal plate, and the gas flow guide plate (505) is an inclined downward metal grille.

7. The flame straw carbonization rotary burial and field incorporation integrated machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The smoke filtering box (50) is distributed and installed on the floating support (58). The spring (510) is arranged on the spring seat (59) provided on the front and rear sides of the floating support (58), and the spring (510) can be sleeved on the inclined floating support base (35) on the outer wall of the side guard plate (31), so that the floating support (58) can be buffered relative to the rack (3). The floating support (58) is fixed on the ground wheel (511) through rigid connection, and the ground wheel (511) for ground profiling can make the floating support (58) and the smoke filtering box (50) always on a relative plane. The floating support (58) is located on the top of the rotary burying and field shaping mechanism (6).

8. The flame straw carbonization rotary burying and returning to field integrated machine according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The rack (3) is composed of at least three supporting beams (30) and two side guards (31), the front supporting beam (30) and the middle supporting beam (30) are used to arrange the straw carbonization area and the front smoke collection area, the middle supporting beam (30) and the rear supporting beam (30) are used to arrange the rotary tillage and field returning area, and the rear side of the rear supporting beam (30) is used to arrange the rear smoke collection area; the rack connecting fixed plate (36) is installed on the front supporting beam (30), the suspension bracket (37) is movably installed on the rack connecting fixed plate (36), the rack connecting fixed plate (36) is connected with the lower lifting arm (25) in the power transmission mechanism (2), the suspension bracket (37) is movably connected with the rack lifting seat (34) on the middle supporting beam (30) through the rack pull rod (38), and the suspension bracket (37) is connected with the upper lifting arm (24) in the power transmission mechanism (2); the reducer support seat (33) is arranged on the middle supporting beam (30) and the rear supporting beam (30), respectively, and the reducer (23) is installed on the reducer support seat (33), the reducer (23) is connected with the rotary tillage knife roll (60) to drive the rotary tillage knife roll (60), and the reducer (23) is connected with the power output shaft (20) in the power transmission mechanism (2) through the universal joint (22) and the transmission shaft (21); the side guard (31) is provided with the knife roll mounting clamping groove (32) for mounting the rotary tillage knife roll (60).

9. The flame straw carbonization rotary burying and returning to the field integrated machine according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The rotary tillage and field returning mechanism (6) comprises the rotary tillage knife roll (60) and the rotary tillage cover plate (63) located at the top of the rotary tillage knife roll (60), the roller shaft bearing end cover (61) at both ends of the rotary tillage knife roll (60) is installed on the knife roll mounting clamping groove (32) on the side guard (31), and the roller shaft limiting baffle (62) is arranged below each roller shaft bearing end cover (61); the rotary tillage and field returning mechanism (6) further comprises the soil covering drag plate (66), the drag plate adjusting rod (65) capable of adjusting the angle of the soil covering drag plate (66) is installed on the drag plate support seat (64), and the drag plate support seat (64) is installed on the rear smoke collection cover plate (57), or the two ends of the soil covering drag plate (66) are hinged with the side guard (31), or the upper part of the soil covering drag plate (66) is hinged with the rear edge of the rear smoke collection cover plate (57).

10. The flame straw carbonization rotary burying and returning to field integrated machine according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The all-in-one machine further comprises a spraying smoke eliminating mechanism (7) arranged at the tail of the all-in-one machine, which can further eliminate smoke in the air, reduce the soil temperature after covering, and prevent the covering drag plate (66) from raising dust; the spraying smoke eliminating mechanism (7) comprises a water tank (70), a water pump (71), a water delivery pipe (72), a spraying rod (73), a fan-shaped atomizing nozzle (74), and a spraying support plate (75); the water tank (70) and the water pump (71) are arranged on the power mechanism (1), the spraying rod (73) with the fan-shaped atomizing nozzle (74) is installed on the floating support (58) of the smoke filtering mechanism (5) through the spraying support plate (75), and the spraying rod (73) is communicated with the water tank (70) through the water delivery pipe (72) with the water pump (71).

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